黃橋戰役,共殲國民黨頑固派韓德(de)勤部1.1萬余人,其中俘3800余名。奠定了(le)蘇北(bei)抗日根(gen)據地的(de)堅實基礎(chu),打開了(le)華中抗戰的(de)新局面。
1940年春(chun),堅持(chi)消極抗(kang)(kang)日(ri)、積極反共政策(ce)的(de)(de)(de)國民黨頑固(gu)派在(zai)第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)次反共高潮被(bei)打退后,密令(ling)第(di)(di)(di)3、第(di)(di)(di)5戰(zhan)區(qu)(qu)和魯(lu)蘇(su)戰(zhan)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)部(bu)隊(dui),大舉進攻(gong)(gong)華(hua)中(zhong)新(xin)四軍(jun)(jun)。6月(yue),新(xin)四軍(jun)(jun)江(jiang)南指(zhi)揮(hui)部(bu)根據中(zhong)共中(zhong)央5月(yue)4日(ri)關于放手發(fa)(fa)展抗(kang)(kang)日(ri)力量(liang),抵抗(kang)(kang)反共頑固(gu)派進攻(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)示,為(wei)(wei)執行(xing)獨立(li)(li)自(zi)主開辟(pi)蘇(su)北(bei)(bei)(bei)、發(fa)(fa)展華(hua)中(zhong)敵后抗(kang)(kang)戰(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)戰(zhan)略任(ren)務(wu),率所(suo)屬主力北(bei)(bei)(bei)渡長(chang)江(jiang),于7月(yue)初挺進蘇(su)北(bei)(bei)(bei)。下旬,遵照(zhao)中(zhong)共中(zhong)央指(zhi)示,組建新(xin)四軍(jun)(jun)蘇(su)北(bei)(bei)(bei)指(zhi)揮(hui)部(bu),陳(chen)毅、粟裕分任(ren)正副(fu)(fu)指(zhi)揮(hui),下轄第(di)(di)(di)1、第(di)(di)(di)2、第(di)(di)(di)3縱(zong)(zong)隊(dui)9個團,共7000余人。為(wei)(wei)建立(li)(li)以黃橋為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)心(xin)的(de)(de)(de)抗(kang)(kang)日(ri)根據地,蘇(su)北(bei)(bei)(bei)指(zhi)揮(hui)部(bu)所(suo)屬部(bu)隊(dui)隨(sui)即(ji)東進黃橋地區(qu)(qu)。8月(yue),為(wei)(wei)策(ce)應新(xin)四軍(jun)(jun)發(fa)(fa)展蘇(su)北(bei)(bei)(bei),八路軍(jun)(jun)第(di)(di)(di)5縱(zong)(zong)隊(dui)東進淮(huai)(陰)海(州(zhou))地區(qu)(qu),形成南北(bei)(bei)(bei)配(pei)合、打開蘇(su)北(bei)(bei)(bei)抗(kang)(kang)戰(zhan)局(ju)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)利態勢。國民黨軍(jun)(jun)魯(lu)蘇(su)戰(zhan)區(qu)(qu)副(fu)(fu)總司令(ling)兼江(jiang)蘇(su)省主席韓德(de)勤,自(zi)詡擁(yong)兵10萬,視(shi)新(xin)四軍(jun)(jun)蘇(su)北(bei)(bei)(bei)部(bu)隊(dui)為(wei)(wei)心(xin)腹之(zhi)患,企圖(tu)先(xian)集中(zhong)兵力進攻(gong)(gong)黃橋,消滅或(huo)驅逐立(li)(li)足未穩的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)四軍(jun)(jun)蘇(su)北(bei)(bei)(bei)部(bu)隊(dui),然(ran)后移兵北(bei)(bei)(bei)上(shang),殲擊(ji)(ji)南下的(de)(de)(de)八路軍(jun)(jun)第(di)(di)(di)5縱(zong)(zong)隊(dui)。蘇(su)北(bei)(bei)(bei)指(zhi)揮(hui)部(bu)堅持(chi)有(you)理、有(you)利、有(you)節的(de)(de)(de)自(zi)衛立(li)(li)場,在(zai)八路軍(jun)(jun)第(di)(di)(di)5縱(zong)(zong)隊(dui)的(de)(de)(de)配(pei)合下,積極做好迎擊(ji)(ji)韓德(de)勤部(bu)進攻(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)準備,并靈活運用斗爭策(ce)略,爭取了駐(zhu)泰(tai)(tai)州(zhou)地區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)魯(lu)蘇(su)皖邊(bian)區(qu)(qu)游擊(ji)(ji)軍(jun)(jun)李(li)明揚、李(li)長(chang)江(jiang)部(bu)和曲塘一(yi)帶(dai)的(de)(de)(de)稅警總團陳(chen)泰(tai)(tai)運部(bu)保持(chi)中(zhong)立(li)(li)。
1940年9月(yue)初,韓(han)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)兩路(lu)(lu)向(xiang)南進(jin)攻(gong)(gong)。新(xin)四(si)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)被迫自衛反擊(ji)(ji),首戰(zhan)營(ying)溪,殲(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)其先頭(tou)保安(an)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)1旅(lv)(lv)(lv)2個(ge)(ge)團(tuan)(tuan),進(jin)而攻(gong)(gong)取姜(jiang)堰,殲(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)守軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)千余(yu)人(ren),并(bing)繼續向(xiang)韓(han)德勤(qin)(qin)呼吁停止內(nei)戰(zhan),團(tuan)(tuan)結抗日(ri)(ri)。韓(han)德勤(qin)(qin)則以(yi)(yi)新(xin)四(si)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)必(bi)須退出(chu)姜(jiang)堰為借(jie)口相要(yao)挾。蘇(su)北(bei)(bei)(bei)指揮(hui)(hui)部(bu)(bu)(bu)為顧全(quan)抗戰(zhan)大(da)局,慨然允諾(nuo),讓出(chu)姜(jiang)堰,由(you)李明(ming)揚(yang)、李長(chang)江部(bu)(bu)(bu)接(jie)防(fang),還主動送(song)給陳(chen)(chen)(chen)泰運部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)槍(qiang)械,進(jin)一步爭(zheng)取了李、陳(chen)(chen)(chen),使韓(han)德勤(qin)(qin)更加(jia)孤立(li)(li)。然而韓(han)德勤(qin)(qin)自恃(shi)兵(bing)多糧(liang)足、裝備精良,以(yi)(yi)為新(xin)四(si)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)退出(chu)姜(jiang)堰是膽怯,令其主力(li)(li)(li)(li)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)89軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(轄第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)33、第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)117師)和獨(du)(du)立(li)(li)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)6旅(lv)(lv)(lv)共1.5萬(wan)(wan)余(yu)人(ren)為中(zhong)路(lu)(lu)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),從海安(an)、曲塘一線進(jin)攻(gong)(gong)黃橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao);李明(ming)揚(yang)、陳(chen)(chen)(chen)泰運部(bu)(bu)(bu)為右路(lu)(lu)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),5個(ge)(ge)保安(an)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)為左路(lu)(lu)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),向(xiang)黃橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)兩翼夾擊(ji)(ji),其進(jin)攻(gong)(gong)總兵(bing)力(li)(li)(li)(li)達(da)26個(ge)(ge)團(tuan)(tuan)3萬(wan)(wan)余(yu)人(ren),企(qi)圖(tu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)黃橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)地(di)(di)區(qu)聚殲(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)新(xin)四(si)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)蘇(su)北(bei)(bei)(bei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)。蘇(su)北(bei)(bei)(bei)指揮(hui)(hui)部(bu)(bu)(bu)鑒(jian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)決(jue)戰(zhan)不(bu)可避免,決(jue)定集(ji)中(zhong)兵(bing)力(li)(li)(li)(li),采取誘其深入、各(ge)個(ge)(ge)擊(ji)(ji)破的(de)戰(zhan)法(fa),于(yu)(yu)(yu)運動中(zhong)殲(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)擊(ji)(ji)韓(han)部(bu)(bu)(bu)。據(ju)此,部(bu)(bu)(bu)署第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)3縱(zong)(zong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)堅守黃橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao);第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)1、第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)2縱(zong)(zong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)隱蔽(bi)集(ji)結于(yu)(yu)(yu)黃橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)西北(bei)(bei)(bei)地(di)(di)區(qu),作(zuo)為突(tu)擊(ji)(ji)力(li)(li)(li)(li)量(liang)。10月(yue)4日(ri)(ri),韓(han)部(bu)(bu)(bu)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)33師由(you)分(fen)界直(zhi)(zhi)撲黃橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)東(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)前沿陣地(di)(di),實(shi)施猛(meng)烈攻(gong)(gong)擊(ji)(ji),一部(bu)(bu)(bu)突(tu)入東(dong)門(men)。第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)3縱(zong)(zong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)頑強反擊(ji)(ji),予以(yi)(yi)殺(sha)傷,將(jiang)其逐出(chu)。韓(han)部(bu)(bu)(bu)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)89軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)部(bu)(bu)(bu)率第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)117師經(jing)古溪進(jin)至野屋基、何家(jia)塘一線;獨(du)(du)立(li)(li)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)6旅(lv)(lv)(lv)經(jing)高橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)南進(jin),企(qi)圖(tu)襲擊(ji)(ji)黃橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)側背。第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)1縱(zong)(zong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)適時(shi)勇(yong)猛(meng)出(chu)擊(ji)(ji),一舉將(jiang)開進(jin)中(zhong)的(de)獨(du)(du)立(li)(li)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)6旅(lv)(lv)(lv)分(fen)割包(bao)圍(wei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)高橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)一帶,經(jing)3小時(shi)激戰(zhan),全(quan)殲(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)該旅(lv)(lv)(lv)。4日(ri)(ri)午夜,第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)2縱(zong)(zong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)經(jing)八字橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)插到分(fen)界,切斷了第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)89軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)退路(lu)(lu),協同第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)1、第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)3縱(zong)(zong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)形成三(san)面夾擊(ji)(ji),將(jiang)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)89軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主力(li)(li)(li)(li)分(fen)割包(bao)圍(wei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)黃橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)東(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)地(di)(di)區(qu)。5日(ri)(ri)中(zhong)午,第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)1縱(zong)(zong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)4團(tuan)(tuan)首先攻(gong)(gong)擊(ji)(ji)其軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)部(bu)(bu)(bu),第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)1團(tuan)(tuan)主力(li)(li)(li)(li)隨后勇(yong)猛(meng)出(chu)擊(ji)(ji),各(ge)縱(zong)(zong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)旋即緊(jin)縮包(bao)圍(wei),奮勇(yong)沖殺(sha)。第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)89軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)長(chang)李守維在(zai)逃跑中(zhong)落水斃命(ming)。經(jing)火線喊話,第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)89軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)官(guan)兵(bing)紛紛繳械,主力(li)(li)(li)(li)于(yu)(yu)(yu)當晚(wan)被殲(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。6日(ri)(ri),第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)2縱(zong)(zong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)又(you)追(zhui)殲(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)該軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)余(yu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)營(ying)溪,乘勝(sheng)攻(gong)(gong)占海安(an)、東(dong)臺等地(di)(di)。韓(han)德勤(qin)(qin)率殘(can)部(bu)(bu)(bu)千余(yu)人(ren)向(xiang)興(xing)化潰敗。左路(lu)(lu)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)各(ge)保安(an)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)團(tuan)(tuan)陳(chen)(chen)(chen)兵(bing)運糧(liang)河東(dong)西之線,頻(pin)頻(pin)查詢戰(zhan)況,企(qi)圖(tu)坐收漁(yu)利(li)的(de)李明(ming)揚(yang)、李長(chang)江部(bu)(bu)(bu)和陳(chen)(chen)(chen)泰運部(bu)(bu)(bu)亦隨之撤(che)退。與(yu)此同時(shi),八路(lu)(lu)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)5縱(zong)(zong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)由(you)漣水東(dong)進(jin),攻(gong)(gong)占阜(fu)寧、東(dong)溝、益林,殲(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)韓(han)部(bu)(bu)(bu)保安(an)旅(lv)(lv)(lv)一部(bu)(bu)(bu)后,直(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)鹽城。10月(yue)10日(ri)(ri),新(xin)四(si)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)蘇(su)北(bei)(bei)(bei)指揮(hui)(hui)部(bu)(bu)(bu)所屬第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)2縱(zong)(zong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)前鋒與(yu)八路(lu)(lu)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)5縱(zong)(zong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)先頭(tou)部(bu)(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui),于(yu)(yu)(yu)東(dong)臺以(yi)(yi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)白駒鎮勝(sheng)利(li)會師。黃橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)戰(zhan)役(yi)期(qi)間,當地(di)(di)人(ren)民(min)群(qun)眾在(zai)中(zhong)共蘇(su)北(bei)(bei)(bei)區(qu)委領導(dao)下(xia),積極支(zhi)援新(xin)四(si)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)作(zuo)戰(zhan),對保證(zheng)戰(zhan)役(yi)的(de)勝(sheng)利(li)起(qi)了重要(yao)作(zuo)用。此役(yi),共殲(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)國民(min)黨頑固(gu)派韓(han)德勤(qin)(qin)部(bu)(bu)(bu)1.1萬(wan)(wan)余(yu)人(ren),其中(zhong)俘3800余(yu)名。
黃橋戰役的(de)勝利(li),奠定(ding)了蘇北抗日根據(ju)地的(de)堅實基礎,打開了華中抗戰的(de)新局面。