基本內容
中文(wen)名稱: 廣昌戰役
又名(ming): 廣昌保衛戰
發生(sheng)時(shi)間: 1934年4月10~27日
發生地點: 江西省(sheng)廣昌縣
過程
1934年4月10日,國民黨軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)發起進(jin)(jin)攻(gong)。國民黨軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)河(he)東縱(zong)隊向大羅山(shan)、延福嶂的紅(hong)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)陣(zhen)地發起猛攻(gong)。中(zhong)(zhong)共中(zhong)(zhong)革軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)委以紅(hong)一(yi)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)團(tuan)(tuan)、紅(hong)三(san)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)團(tuan)(tuan)和紅(hong)五軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)團(tuan)(tuan)第十三(san)師等部頑強(qiang)抗擊,使敵進(jin)(jin)攻(gong)受挫。而河(he)西縱(zong)隊則(ze)乘(cheng)紅(hong)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)力集中(zhong)(zhong)于盱(xu)河(he)東岸作戰之機,突破了紅(hong)九(jiu)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)團(tuan)(tuan)和第二十三(san)師的陣(zhen)地,于4月14日占領甘竹,實現(xian)了其第一(yi)期進(jin)(jin)攻(gong)計劃。
4月19日(ri),國(guo)民黨(dang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)河東縱(zong)隊攻占了紅(hong)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)大(da)(da)羅山(shan)、延(yan)福(fu)嶂(zhang)陣地。當日(ri)黃(huang)昏,紅(hong)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)以紅(hong)一 軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)團和(he)紅(hong)三軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)團主力向進占大(da)(da)羅山(shan)之(zhi)敵(di)發起(qi)反擊(ji)(ji),但經多次(ci)沖殺,未能阻止敵(di)人(ren)(ren)的進攻,被迫撤退(tui)。20日(ri),國(guo)民黨(dang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)河西(xi)縱(zong)隊由甘竹向長(chang)(chang)生橋進攻,河東縱(zong)隊由大(da)(da)羅山(shan)、延(yan)福(fu)嶂(zhang)向高州(zhou)塅(duan)(duan)推進。當日(ri)黃(huang)昏,紅(hong)一、紅(hong)三軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)團再(zai)次(ci)在盱(xu)河東岸向饒(rao)家堡、苦竹坑(keng)之(zhi)敵(di)發起(qi)反擊(ji)(ji)。紅(hong)三軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)團6次(ci)與敵(di)爭奪饒(rao)家堡陣地,但終因缺(que)乏火力,得而復失,被迫撤出(chu)戰斗,結果未能殲(jian)滅敵(di)人(ren)(ren)。至23日(ri),國(guo)民黨(dang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)河東、河西(xi)兩(liang)路(lu)縱(zong)隊相(xiang)繼占領(ling)香爐峰(feng)、高州(zhou)塅(duan)(duan)和(he)長(chang)(chang)生橋、傘蓋尖等陣地,逼近廣昌城(cheng),完成了第二期進攻計劃。
4月27日,國民(min)黨(dang)軍河(he)東(dong)、河(he)西縱(zong)隊(dui)同(tong)時(shi)向(xiang)廣(guang)昌(chang)(chang)城(cheng)發起總(zong)攻(gong)。中(zhong)共中(zhong)革軍委以紅(hong)(hong)(hong)九軍團(tuan)(tuan)第(di)三(san)(san)師(shi)(shi)(shi)和紅(hong)(hong)(hong)五軍團(tuan)(tuan)第(di)十(shi)三(san)(san)師(shi)(shi)(shi)在盱(xu)河(he)東(dong)岸(an)牽制敵人,以紅(hong)(hong)(hong)九軍團(tuan)(tuan)第(di)十(shi)四師(shi)(shi)(shi)扼守廣(guang)昌(chang)(chang),集(ji)中(zhong)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)一(yi)軍團(tuan)(tuan)、紅(hong)(hong)(hong)三(san)(san)軍團(tuan)(tuan)和第(di)二十(shi)三(san)(san)師(shi)(shi)(shi),又一(yi)次向(xiang)廣(guang)昌(chang)(chang)西北(bei)之敵反擊,仍未奏效。與此同(tong)時(shi),國民(min)黨(dang)軍河(he)東(dong)縱(zong)隊(dui)接(jie)連突破紅(hong)(hong)(hong)九軍團(tuan)(tuan)等的防御,并與河(he)西縱(zong)隊(dui)取得聯系(xi)。這(zhe)時(shi)廣(guang)昌(chang)(chang)城(cheng)已處于國民(min)黨(dang)軍東(dong)、北(bei)、西三(san)(san)面包圍之中(zhong)。紅(hong)(hong)(hong)軍被(bei)迫(po)于當晚撤出廣(guang)昌(chang)(chang)城(cheng),向(xiang)廣(guang)昌(chang)(chang)以西以南轉移(yi)。至此,廣(guang)昌(chang)(chang)戰役(yi)結束。
主要指揮官
彭德懷
廣昌(chang)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)役(yi)是中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)紅(hong)軍(jun)(jun)在(zai)第五次反(fan)"圍剿"作戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)進行的一次防御戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)役(yi)。廣昌(chang)保衛戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)紅(hong)軍(jun)(jun)采取處處設(she)防、節節抵御的戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)法,硬是以較弱小的力量同優勢(shi)的國(guo)民黨軍(jun)(jun)在(zai)固定的陣地上拼(pin)消耗,結果,雖然在(zai)歷時(shi)18天的作戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)斃傷俘敵共2626人,但(dan)是自身(shen)卻傷亡了5093人,約占參戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)總人數(shu)的五分之(zhi)一。其中(zhong)(zhong)紅(hong)三軍(jun)(jun)團傷亡2705人,約占全軍(jun)(jun)團總人數(shu)的四分之(zhi)一。這(zhe)是紅(hong)軍(jun)(jun)歷史上最(zui)典型的陣地戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、消耗戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。它給(gei)紅(hong)軍(jun)(jun)日(ri)后的作戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)帶來(lai)了極為(wei)有害的影響。