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簡介

宋(song)元(yuan)通(tong)寶(bao)(bao)是宋(song)代的第一種鑄(zhu)錢(qian)，鑄(zhu)于宋(song)太祖建隆元(yuan)年(nian)960年(nian)，錢(qian)式(shi)(shi)沿襲“周(zhou)元(yuan)通(tong)寶(bao)(bao)”成(cheng)規，為(wei)小平(ping)錢(qian)。錢(qian)文(wen)對讀，是國號(hao)加寶(bao)(bao)文(wen)的國號(hao)錢(qian)。后宋(song)太祖傳位(wei)于弟宋(song)太宗趙光義即位(wei)，于太平(ping)興國年(nian)間(jian)（976年(nian)—983年(nian)）年(nian)鑄(zhu)“太平(ping)通(tong)寶(bao)(bao)”錢(qian)，錢(qian)式(shi)(shi)同“宋(song)元(yuan)通(tong)寶(bao)(bao)”。

當(dang)時四(si)川及(ji)福(fu)建出(chu)鐵(tie)錢(qian)(qian)。福(fu)建所出(chu)鐵(tie)錢(qian)(qian)，背郭清晰，鑄工頗精(jing)，大(da)受歡迎，于是又推出(chu)一種(zhong)直(zhi)徑4.2厘米(mi)的當(dang)十大(da)錢(qian)(qian)，書(shu)法(fa)鑄工均不錯(cuo)，背穿(chuan)上有一個圓點，可能是一種(zhong)紀(ji)念錢(qian)(qian)，現(xian)存世不多。這兩種(zhong)“太平通寶”都為五代(dai)風(feng)格，而鑄工精(jing)整，深厚(hou)淳(chun)樸可比開元錢(qian)(qian)。

宋元(yuan)(yuan)通(tong)(tong)寶(bao)為宋開國(guo)錢。錢文仿八分書，形制仿唐(tang)開元(yuan)(yuan)。有(you)銅、鐵(tie)(tie)兩種，鐵(tie)(tie)錢十(shi)當銅錢一。宋元(yuan)(yuan)通(tong)(tong)寶(bao)版別較(jiao)多，除背(bei)有(you)星、直(zhi)、日、月(yue)、上菱紋外，常見(jian)的主要有(you)：大(da)字、長通(tong)(tong)、狹(xia)通(tong)(tong)、小字闊緣等。較(jiao)為少見(jian)的有(you)：大(da)字右(you)挑元(yuan)(yuan)、接郭、開元(yuan)(yuan)版低頭通(tong)(tong)、鐵(tie)(tie)母狹(xia)宋、闊宋昂寶(bao)、折二樣等。

外型

外圓(yuan)內方(fang)，錢文(wen)仿(fang)八分書，形(xing)制仿(fang)唐開元(yuan)。有銅(tong)、鐵兩種，背有星、月紋(wen)等，鐵錢十當銅(tong)錢一。

源流

原意

錢(qian)本農(nong)器(qi)(qi)，其狀類鏟(chan)，用以(yi)(yi)劃地除草者(zhe)。生民之(zhi)(zhi)初，人各自給自足(zu)，無(wu)所(suo)(suo)謂交易，更(geng)無(wu)所(suo)(suo)謂過籌(chou)，偶有所(suo)(suo)需，即(ji)以(yi)(yi)農(nong)器(qi)(qi)為交易之(zhi)(zhi)媒(mei)。是農(nong)器(qi)(qi)者(zhe)，即(ji)當(dang)時所(suo)(suo)用之(zhi)(zhi)過籌(chou)，亦即(ji)今日(ri)之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)謂幣(bi)也(ye)。以(yi)(yi)后，因交易之(zhi)(zhi)增繁，漸致(zhi)農(nong)器(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)不足(zu)以(yi)(yi)應用，遂象(xiang)其形而制物以(yi)(yi)代之(zhi)(zhi)。其形狀及用途(tu)均與農(nong)器(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)錢(qian)等，故仍名(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)錢(qian)，此通籌(chou)之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)名(ming)錢(qian)者(zhe)以(yi)(yi)此。

記載

至(zhi)(zhi)其肇始(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)年代，現(xian)已(yi)無法確考。但據(ju)(ju)《管子》載(zai)，稱錢(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)興蓋自燧人氏(shi)(shi)(shi)以輕(qing)重為天下利，至(zhi)(zhi)黃(huang)帝時(shi)，其法寢備，則《紀原》謂始(shi)于帝堯遭大水而始(shi)鑄(zhu)錢(qian)者(zhe)非，此(ci)(ci)說似(si)屬(shu)近(jin)理。蓋雖(sui)非始(shi)自燧人氏(shi)(shi)(shi)，其相(xiang)去亦不(bu)遠(yuan)也。據(ju)(ju)后(hou)世(shi)多數(shu)考古家之(zhi)(zhi)考證(zheng)，在出(chu)土之(zhi)(zhi)古錢(qian)中，有(you)一種鏟幣與黃(huang)帝后(hou)任(ren)何(he)時(shi)期之(zhi)(zhi)錢(qian)幣不(bu)同(tong)，糟(zao)朽已(yi)達極點，握手即行粉碎，其花紋(wen)字體(ti)與五帝三代之(zhi)(zhi)器無一相(xiang)同(tong)，是(shi)或即燧人氏(shi)(shi)(shi)最初所(suo)鑄(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)錢(qian)歟?至(zhi)(zhi)伏羲氏(shi)(shi)(shi)乃鑄(zhu)棘幣，據(ju)(ju)史載(zai)，伏羲氏(shi)(shi)(shi)聚天下之(zhi)(zhi)銅(tong)以鑄(zhu)幣，今日所(suo)見古錢(qian)，凡文字與骨(gu)甲(jia)刻字相(xiang)同(tong)者(zhe)，皆系此(ci)(ci)時(shi)所(suo)鑄(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)物也。

此后，錢之為(wei)(wei)用(yong)深人民間(jian)，各代帝王無(wu)不以鑄(zhu)錢為(wei)(wei)要政。神(shen)農(nong)時，鑄(zhu)錢尤多(duo)，惟式(shi)樣(yang)(yang)仍系鐘(zhong)形(xing)，文(wen)字(zi)仍用(yong)刀刻，與伏羲氏所(suo)制者(zhe)殆無(wu)少異(yi)。至黃(huang)(huang)帝時，對于鑄(zhu)幣尤為(wei)(wei)努力，據史載，黃(huang)(huang)帝以柏高為(wei)(wei)壙師，煉(lian)銅鑄(zhu)幣。又載，黃(huang)(huang)帝開首山之礦以鑄(zhu)幣。故三代以前，以黃(huang)(huang)帝鑄(zhu)幣之時間(jian)為(wei)(wei)最久，而(er)所(suo)鑄(zhu)之幣亦獨多(duo)也。按黃(huang)(huang)帝所(suo)鑄(zhu)之幣，多(duo)數仍為(wei)(wei)鏟式(shi)，但間(jian)有刀形(xing)者(zhe)，字(zi)體則多(duo)為(wei)(wei)刀刻，間(jian)有漆書(shu)者(zhe)。堯舜雖亦鑄(zhu)幣，但均系拯(zheng)救饑溺，偶爾舉行，式(shi)樣(yang)(yang)文(wen)字(zi)與前相同，并無(wu)變異(yi)。

至夏(xia)時，所(suo)鑄雖亦(yi)為鏟(chan)形(xing)，但全(quan)為漆書，并(bing)無刀刻字體者。總之(zhi)，自有(you)(you)幣之(zhi)始(shi)，以(yi)(yi)迄夏(xia)初所(suo)通(tong)(tong)用之(zhi)幣，完(wan)全(quan)均為鏟(chan)形(xing)。伏羲(xi)氏之(zhi)棘幣，絕非伏羲(xi)氏時所(suo)通(tong)(tong)行(xing)之(zhi)幣。其他葛天氏之(zhi)圓形(xing)幣，既系圓孔(kong)，亦(yi)定非通(tong)(tong)行(xing)之(zhi)幣。至黃帝時之(zhi)金刀幣，亦(yi)非通(tong)(tong)行(xing)之(zhi)幣，是可(ke)知在三代以(yi)(yi)前，各代之(zhi)幣雖大小文字問有(you)(you)不同，其為鏟(chan)形(xing)則一(yi)也。

至商之(zhi)時(shi)(shi)，除仍鑄幣外，又兼鑄方(fang)(fang)孔(kong)(kong)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)周之(zhi)幣，蓋取天圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)地方(fang)(fang)之(zhi)義(yi)也。而《古泉匯》竟謂(wei)方(fang)(fang)孔(kong)(kong)之(zhi)幣始于伏羲(xi)，實杜(du)論(lun)也。因方(fang)(fang)孔(kong)(kong)之(zhi)幣其(qi)文(wen)字均為篆體，伏羲(xi)氏時(shi)(shi)何(he)當有(you)篆字也，此(ci)說不攻(gong)自破(po)。及周，一切(qie)法商，但(dan)所鑄者，圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)幣多而鏟幣少也'其(qi)字體則大小篆兼有(you)，與夏略同。至景王時(shi)(shi)，更鑄大錢(qian)，文(wen)曰“寶貨(huo)”。又鑄刀(dao)錢(qian)，亦曰寶貨(huo)，每刀(dao)之(zhi)頭有(you)環(huan)一，故(gu)幣制(zhi)有(you)稱環(huan)法者，蓋即(ji)本此(ci)也。

統一

秦(qin)(qin)始皇并滅(mie)六國(guo)，統(tong)一(yi)天(tian)(tian)下，毀滅(mie)先王，推翻前制，以便于萬世(shi)自為(wei)(wei)，因(yin)收得民間(jian)之(zhi)銅器而(er)改(gai)(gai)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)重(zhong)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，雖錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)質如(ru)周，而(er)文則曰(yue)“半(ban)(ban)兩(liang)(liang)”，不曰(yue)“寶(bao)貨”矣(yi)。及漢，以秦(qin)(qin)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)太重(zhong)，不便于用，遂改(gai)(gai)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)榆莢(jia)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，以錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)之(zhi)輕有似榆莢(jia)，隨風(feng)吹(chui)動，并非形似榆莢(jia)也。雖文仍(reng)曰(yue)“半(ban)(ban)兩(liang)(liang)”，而(er)實(shi)較秦(qin)(qin)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)為(wei)(wei)輕。及呂后為(wei)(wei)政，鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)八銖(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。孝(xiao)文帝時莢(jia)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)益輕，乃改(gai)(gai)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)四銖(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，其(qi)(qi)文仍(reng)曰(yue)“半(ban)(ban)兩(liang)(liang)”，令(ling)民自由鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)。故(gu)吳王劉濞以即山(shan)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，富(fu)埒天(tian)(tian)子(zi)，鄧(deng)(deng)通以蜀之(zhi)銅山(shan)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)財過王者。然錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)文為(wei)(wei)“半(ban)(ban)兩(liang)(liang)”而(er)無輪廓，故(gu)吳鄧(deng)(deng)之(zhi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)布(bu)滿天(tian)(tian)下。且縣(xian)官可(ke)以鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，民亦間(jian)盜鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，于是錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)益輕薄。乃令(ling)縣(xian)官銷半(ban)(ban)兩(liang)(liang)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，更(geng)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)三銖(zhu)(zhu)，文如(ru)其(qi)(qi)重(zhong)。以三銖(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)輕，易奸詐，乃更(geng)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)五銖(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，周郭其(qi)(qi)下，令(ling)不可(ke)摩取镕(rong)焉。

鑄造

民多奸(jian)鑄(zhu)錢(qian)，錢(qian)益多益輕(qing)，京師(shi)鑄(zhu)鐘官(guan)(guan)赤側(ce)，一當五賦，俗所謂紫紺(gan)錢(qian)。悉禁郡國(guo)(guo)勿(wu)鑄(zhu)錢(qian)，專(zhuan)令上(shang)林三官(guan)(guan)鑄(zhu)錢(qian)，而(er)令天下非三官(guan)(guan)錢(qian)不得行(xing)使。諸郡國(guo)(guo)所鑄(zhu)之(zhi)錢(qian)皆(jie)(jie)廢銷之(zhi)，輸其銅(tong)入(ru)三官(guan)(guan)。孝元(yuan)帝(di)奉承大業，溫恭少欲(yu)，都(dou)內錢(qian)四十萬萬，水衡錢(qian)二十五萬萬，少府(fu)錢(qian)十八萬萬，都(dou)內、水衡、少府(fu)即三官(guan)(guan)錢(qian)，皆(jie)(jie)天子之(zhi)私(si)藏也。

孝武(wu)帝更(geng)鑄(zhu)(zhu)行三分錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。王莽(mang)居(ju)攝，變漢制，更(geng)鑄(zhu)(zhu)大(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，徑(jing)(jing)一(yi)寸(cun)(cun)二(er)分，重(zhong)十二(er)銖(zhu)，文(wen)曰“大(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)五(wu)(wu)(wu)十”。又造契(qi)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)、錯(cuo)(cuo)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)，其環如大(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，身(shen)形如刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)，長二(er)寸(cun)(cun)，文(wen)曰“契(qi)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)五(wu)(wu)(wu)百”，錯(cuo)(cuo)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)以(yi)黃金錯(cuo)(cuo)，其文(wen)曰“一(yi)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)值(zhi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)千”，與五(wu)(wu)(wu)銖(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)凡四(si)品(pin)(pin)并行于世。莽(mang)纂(zuan)位，忌惡劉氏(shi)，以(yi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)文(wen)有金刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)，故乃罷(ba)錯(cuo)(cuo)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)、契(qi)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)及五(wu)(wu)(wu)銖(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，而更(geng)作(zuo)金錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)、龜(gui)貝(bei)、錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)之(zhi)品(pin)(pin)，名曰“寶貨”。小錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)徑(jing)(jing)六分，重(zhong)一(yi)銖(zhu)，文(wen)曰“小錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)值(zhi)一(yi)”；次徑(jing)(jing)七(qi)分，重(zhong)三銖(zhu)，文(wen)曰：“么錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)一(yi)十”；又次徑(jing)(jing)八分，重(zhong)五(wu)(wu)(wu)銖(zhu)，文(wen)曰“幼錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)二(er)十”；又次徑(jing)(jing)九分，重(zhong)七(qi)銖(zhu)，文(wen)曰“中錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)三十”；又次徑(jing)(jing)一(yi)寸(cun)(cun)，重(zhong)九銖(zhu)，文(wen)曰“壯錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)四(si)十”；及十二(er)銖(zhu)之(zhi)大(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。是為錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)貨六品(pin)(pin)，其值(zhi)各如其文(wen)。又鑄(zhu)(zhu)大(da)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、次布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、弟布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、壯布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、中布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、差布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、厚布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、幼布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、么布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、小布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)。小布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)長一(yi)寸(cun)(cun)五(wu)(wu)(wu)分，重(zhong)十五(wu)(wu)(wu)銖(zhu)，文(wen)曰“小布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)一(yi)百”。

自小(xiao)布以上，各(ge)相(xiang)長一(yi)(yi)分(fen)，相(xiang)重一(yi)(yi)銖(zhu)，文(wen)名(ming)為(wei)(wei)其布名(ming)，值各(ge)加一(yi)(yi)百(bai)。上至大(da)布，長二寸四分(fen)，重一(yi)(yi)兩，而值千(qian)(qian)錢(qian)矣。是(shi)為(wei)(wei)布十品，皆(jie)為(wei)(wei)銅鑄(zhu)，遂(sui)廢(fei)漢(han)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)五銖(zhu)錢(qian)。東漢(han)馬(ma)(ma)援為(wei)(wei)虎賁(bi)中(zhong)郎(lang)將，親(qin)對(dui)光(guang)武申述，求(qiu)復五銖(zhu)，乃從之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，遂(sui)鑄(zhu)五銖(zhu)錢(qian)。后漢(han)公孫(sun)述廢(fei)銅，置鐵(tie)官錢(qian)。及董卓為(wei)(wei)逆(ni)，壞(huai)五銖(zhu)錢(qian)，更鑄(zhu)小(xiao)錢(qian)，而無輪郭。悉(xi)取(qu)洛陽、西安之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)銅人，鐘虛(xu)銅馬(ma)(ma)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)屬充鑄(zhu)焉。孫(sun)權嘉平(ping)五年，鑄(zhu)大(da)錢(qian)，一(yi)(yi)當五百(bai)。赤(chi)烏(wu)元(yuan)(yuan)年'又鑄(zhu)當千(qian)(qian)錢(qian)。晉元(yuan)(yuan)帝(di)過(guo)江，用孫(sun)氏舊錢(qian)，輕重雜行，大(da)者(zhe)謂(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)比輪，中(zhong)者(zhe)謂(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)四文(wen)。吳興(xing)沈充又鑄(zhu)小(xiao)錢(qian)，謂(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)沈郎(lang)錢(qian)。

宋代

至六(liu)朝(chao)，宋元祖即(ji)位，鑄(zhu)二(er)銖(zhu)錢(qian)，形(xing)式轉細。官(guan)錢(qian)每(mei)出，民間即(ji)模效私(si)鑄(zhu)，而大小厚薄(bo)皆(jie)不及。太宗明(ming)帝(di)景和元年(nian)春，鑄(zhu)二(er)銖(zhu)錢(qian)。民益私(si)鑄(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，由是(shi)千錢(qian)長不盈三寸，謂(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鵝眼錢(qian)。劣于(yu)此者謂(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)綖環，貫(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以縷，入(ru)水不沉，隨手破碎，市(shi)井不欲(yu)流行，數十萬錢(qian)不盈一掬。十一月乃罷二(er)銖(zhu)錢(qian)，禁鵝眼、綖環等錢(qian)，余皆(jie)用之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。

梁敬帝(di)(di)(di)太(tai)平二年四月，鑄(zhu)四柱錢(qian)(qian)(qian)，一(yi)準二十(shi)，后又(you)改曰(yue)“柱錢(qian)(qian)(qian)一(yi)準十(shi)”。南史曹武在雍州致見錢(qian)(qian)(qian)七千萬，皆為(wei)厚輪大(da)廓(kuo)。魏所(suo)用之錢(qian)(qian)(qian)，民多私(si)鑄(zhu)，日就(jiu)薄(bo)小，乃至(zhi)風飄水浮。楊侃鎮雍州，聽民與(yu)(yu)官共鑄(zhu)五銖錢(qian)(qian)(qian)，復上書申請之。孝莊帝(di)(di)(di)從之。乃鑄(zhu)五銖錢(qian)(qian)(qian)，并古錢(qian)(qian)(qian)，不(bu)限大(da)小，悉(xi)聽行(xing)(xing)之。雞(ji)眼、環依律而禁(jin)，并以(yi)京都銅像毀以(yi)鑄(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)，世號曰(yue)“河陽錢(qian)(qian)(qian)”。周(zhou)武帝(di)(di)(di)更鑄(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)，文(wen)曰(yue)“布(bu)泉(quan)”，以(yi)一(yi)當(dang)五，與(yu)(yu)五銖錢(qian)(qian)(qian)并行(xing)(xing)。更鑄(zhu)五行(xing)(xing)大(da)布(bu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)，以(yi)一(yi)當(dang)十(shi)，與(yu)(yu)布(bu)泉(quan)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)并行(xing)(xing)。至(zhi)宣武帝(di)(di)(di)大(da)象元年十(shi)一(yi)月，鑄(zhu)永(yong)通萬國錢(qian)(qian)(qian)，以(yi)一(yi)當(dang)十(shi)，與(yu)(yu)五行(xing)(xing)大(da)布(bu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)并行(xing)(xing)。

發展

隋時，巨奸大猾遂(sui)多私鑄(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)，益薄惡。初每千猶重(zhong)二(er)斤，后(hou)漸輕至一(yi)斤，或剪鐵繅裁皮糊紙以為錢(qian)(qian)，相雜用(yong)之。唐時之江淮錢(qian)(qian)尤濫惡，有官爐、偏爐、積(ji)錢(qian)(qian)、時錢(qian)(qian)數色。高祖(zu)武德初鑄(zhu)(zhu)開通(tong)錢(qian)(qian)，仰篆隸八(ba)分體，十文重(zhong)一(yi)兩，為開通(tong)元寶。第五琦請鑄(zhu)(zhu)乾元重(zhong)寶錢(qian)(qian)，以一(yi)代(dai)十。既當(dang)國，又(you)鑄(zhu)(zhu)重(zhong)規錢(qian)(qian)五十。及史思明僭號，鑄(zhu)(zhu)順天得一(yi)錢(qian)(qian)。宋太(tai)宗改(gai)(gai)元為太(tai)平(ping)興國，更(geng)鑄(zhu)(zhu)太(tai)平(ping)通(tong)寶。淳化(hua)后(hou)改(gai)(gai)鑄(zhu)(zhu)，又(you)親書(shu)淳化(hua)元寶，作真行草三體。后(hou)改(gai)(gai)元更(geng)鑄(zhu)(zhu)，皆曰元寶。復(fu)而冠以年號，至是改(gai)(gai)元，則曰宋通(tong)元寶。

太宗(zong)皇(huang)帝大(da)觀元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)，首鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)御(yu)書當(dang)十(shi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，以(yi)(yi)京畿(ji)瀘之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)復鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)烏背瀘銅(tong)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，詔以(yi)(yi)剪銅(tong)式，頒行諸(zhu)州。前世鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)未(wei)有草書者，始(shi)以(yi)(yi)宸(chen)翰為之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，既成，以(yi)(yi)賜近臣。蜀人(ren)更私(si)為鐵錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，仁(ren)宗(zong)特命以(yi)(yi)皇(huang)宋(song)通(tong)寶為文。慶歷以(yi)(yi)后(hou)，冠以(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)號，如舊神(shen)宗(zong)熙寧(ning)六年(nian)(nian)十(shi)月行折二錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。高宗(zong)更毀民(min)私(si)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)毛錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。南宋(song)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)季，中國之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)北(bei)部為遼金所占據者多年(nian)(nian)，因之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遼金之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)流人(ren)中國者甚多，且鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造均極(ji)精良如遼太祖耶律阿保(bao)機所鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)夭顯(xian)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)、天(tian)贊錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，形(xing)式文字均極(ji)精妙，金海陵王所鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正隆錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)、世宗(zong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)定(ding)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，亦均佳美。《金史》謂其中有銀，或不虛也(ye)(ye)。元(yuan)朝入主(zhu)中國，改鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)大(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，以(yi)(yi)前各代之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)體式均小．不受人(ren)民(min)歡迎(ying)，遂漸淘汰。惟(wei)至元(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)末，國用(yong)不給，創行權(quan)鈔(chao)，即(ji)于銅(tong)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)右，書明權(quan)鈔(chao)二字，其左方(fang)書明幾(ji)兩幾(ji)分字樣(yang)，即(ji)此一枚銅(tong)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，權(quan)作銀若干，亦即(ji)當(dang)十(shi)當(dang)百之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)同意(yi)也(ye)(ye)。