按背文和鑄行階段可分(fen)為五式。
第一(yi)式為(wei)“仿(fang)(fang)古式”,鑄(zhu)行(xing)時間為(wei)順治元年至八(ba)年(1644~1651),順治十七年停止使(shi)用(yong)并回收。包括光(guang)背(bei)(bei)(bei)、背(bei)(bei)(bei)符號、背(bei)(bei)(bei)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)值三類,其(qi)中紀(ji)(ji)(ji)值類有(you)背(bei)(bei)(bei)“一(yi)”、“二”與“十·一(yi)兩(liang)”仿(fang)(fang)明(ming)天啟大錢(qian)(qian)試鑄(zhu)品,背(bei)(bei)(bei)符號類有(you)背(bei)(bei)(bei)星、背(bei)(bei)(bei)圈等。由于仿(fang)(fang)古式順治錢(qian)(qian)從形制、鑄(zhu)造工藝等方(fang)面均具有(you)很(hen)明(ming)顯的(de)明(ming)朝鑄(zhu)幣的(de)特點,故(gu)稱其(qi)為(wei)“仿(fang)(fang)古式”。又(you)因為(wei)錢(qian)(qian)背(bei)(bei)(bei)無(wu)(wu)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)錢(qian)(qian)局文字,也稱為(wei)“無(wu)(wu)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)局”式,是清朝入關(guan)后鑄(zhu)行(xing)的(de)唯一(yi)一(yi)種無(wu)(wu)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)局標識的(de)制錢(qian)(qian)。
第(di)二(er)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為“單(dan)漢字紀局(ju)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”,該式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鑄行時間為順(shun)(shun)治(zhi)(zhi)元(yuan)年(nian)至十(shi)年(nian)(1644~1653),錢(qian)(qian)背(bei)(bei)以單(dan)個漢字標示鑄造錢(qian)(qian)局(ju)簡稱,先后有右(you)(you)單(dan)字、穿左(zuo)單(dan)字及穿上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)漢字幾類。由于順(shun)(shun)治(zhi)(zhi)早(zao)期鑄錢(qian)(qian)局(ju)眾多(duo),故(gu)錢(qian)(qian)背(bei)(bei)紀局(ju)文(wen)(wen)字較(jiao)為豐富,共發現十(shi)九(jiu)個錢(qian)(qian)局(ju),三十(shi)一(yi)種背(bei)(bei)文(wen)(wen),分別為:右(you)(you)戶、上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)戶、右(you)(you)工、上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)工、右(you)(you)宣(xuan)、上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)宣(xuan)、右(you)(you)臨、上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)臨、右(you)(you)延(yan)(yan)、左(zuo)延(yan)(yan)、右(you)(you)云、右(you)(you)同、右(you)(you)薊、上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)薊、右(you)(you)原(yuan)、上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)原(yuan)、右(you)(you)陽、上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)陽、右(you)(you)河、上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)河、右(you)(you)浙、上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)浙、右(you)(you)東、上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)東、右(you)(you)荊、上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)荊、上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)寧(ning)、上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)昌、上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)襄、上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)福、上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)新。其中(zhong):上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)工、上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)新未正(zheng)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)發行,僅見(jian)數枚(mei)樣錢(qian)(qian),背(bei)(bei)右(you)(you)延(yan)(yan)字錢(qian)(qian)較(jiao)為罕見(jian),背(bei)(bei)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)延(yan)(yan)字錢(qian)(qian)未見(jian)真(zhen)品。舊譜記(ji)載背(bei)(bei)右(you)(you)昌、右(you)(you)寧(ning)、上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)陜(shan)、右(you)(you)陜(shan)等品種實不(bu)存(cun)在。順(shun)(shun)治(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)七年(nian)仿古(gu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)與(yu)(yu)單(dan)漢字紀局(ju)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)順(shun)(shun)治(zhi)(zhi)錢(qian)(qian)一(yi)并停(ting)用,并被收兌銷毀(hui)。《清文(wen)(wen)獻通考·卷(juan)十(shi)三·錢(qian)(qian)幣(bi)考》;“國初,尚仍其制,嗣后有鑄漢文(wen)(wen),戶工字及各省鎮地名(ming)一(yi)字,于錢(qian)(qian)幕之上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),或錢(qian)(qian)幕之右(you)(you)者,皆順(shun)(shun)治(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)年(nian)以前之制。”說明仿古(gu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)與(yu)(yu)“單(dan)漢字式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”為順(shun)(shun)治(zhi)(zhi)錢(qian)(qian)的早(zao)期形式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。
第三(san)式(shi)(shi)為“一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘(li)(li)(li)”式(shi)(shi),錢(qian)背(bei)(bei)穿右以(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)單漢字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)標示鑄(zhu)(zhu)局(ju),穿左書寫“一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘(li)(li)(li)”二(er)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。鑄(zhu)(zhu)行時間為順(shun)(shun)治十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)至(zhi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四年(nian)(1653~1657),停用時間為康熙二(er)年(nian)(1663)。根據順(shun)(shun)治十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)(1653)九(jiu)月當時的戶(hu)(hu)(hu)部尚書車克(ke)題:“進驗(yan)新式(shi)(shi)樣錢(qian)并請旨(zhi)頒(ban)發”事本中(zhong)記(ji)載:“遵照(zhao)新式(shi)(shi)背(bei)(bei)鑄(zhu)(zhu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘(li)(li)(li)貳字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)樣錢(qian)萬文,理合進驗(yan),如果合式(shi)(shi),以(yi)(yi)便頒(ban)發各省(sheng)鎮照(zhao)式(shi)(shi)鑄(zhu)(zhu)造?查在京有(you)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)?工兩局(ju),臣部經(jing)管者,錢(qian)背(bei)(bei)鑄(zhu)(zhu)壹戶(hu)(hu)(hu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),工部鑄(zhu)(zhu)工字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),如江(jiang)寧(ning)(ning)寧(ning)(ning)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),浙(zhe)江(jiang)浙(zhe)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),武昌昌字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),福建(jian)福字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),山東(dong)(dong)東(dong)(dong)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),河(he)南(nan)河(he)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),陜(shan)西陜(shan)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),太原原字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),陽(yang)(yang)和陽(yang)(yang)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),宣府宣字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),薊鎮薊字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),臨清臨字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),所以(yi)(yi)辯精粗,而(er)分殿最(zui)也?”順(shun)(shun)治“一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘(li)(li)(li)”式(shi)(shi)錢(qian)共發現(xian)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)種,分別為:“戶(hu)(hu)(hu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘(li)(li)(li)”、“工一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘(li)(li)(li)”、“宣一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘(li)(li)(li)”、“同一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘(li)(li)(li)”、“薊一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘(li)(li)(li)”、“原一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘(li)(li)(li)”、“陽(yang)(yang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘(li)(li)(li)”、“河(he)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘(li)(li)(li)”、“浙(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘(li)(li)(li)”、“東(dong)(dong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘(li)(li)(li)”、“寧(ning)(ning)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘(li)(li)(li)”、“昌一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘(li)(li)(li)”、“福一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘(li)(li)(li)”、“陜(shan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘(li)(li)(li)”、“江(jiang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘(li)(li)(li)”、“云(yun)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘(li)(li)(li)”。唯獨云(yun)南(nan)鑄(zhu)(zhu)“云(yun)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘(li)(li)(li)”為順(shun)(shun)治十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六年(nian)至(zhi)順(shun)(shun)治十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八年(nian)(1659~1661)。該式(shi)(shi)為“權銀錢(qian)”;“一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘(li)(li)(li)”二(er)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)為折(zhe)銀一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘(li)(li)(li)(十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)厘(li)(li)(li)折(zhe)銀一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)分,十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)分折(zhe)銀一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)錢(qian),十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)錢(qian)折(zhe)銀一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)兩),“權銀錢(qian)”的鑄(zhu)(zhu)行是清朝初年(nian)銀錢(qian)雙本位(wei)貨幣(bi)制度的實物體現(xian)。
第四式(shi)為背(bei)(bei)“滿(man)(man)(man)文(wen)(wen)”式(shi),錢(qian)(qian)背(bei)(bei)書寫滿(man)(man)(man)文(wen)(wen)“寶(bao)泉”或“寶(bao)源(yuan)(yuan)”分列穿左右。順(shun)(shun)(shun)治(zhi)十(shi)(shi)四年(1657),戶部(bu)題準各省鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)局一(yi)(yi)律停鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),僅由戶部(bu)寶(bao)泉局與工部(bu)寶(bao)源(yuan)(yuan)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)背(bei)(bei)滿(man)(man)(man)文(wen)(wen)局名錢(qian)(qian)。《清史(shi)稿(gao)食貨五》記(ji)載:“順(shun)(shun)(shun)治(zhi)十(shi)(shi)四年,直省局錢(qian)(qian)不(bu)(bu)精(jing),私(si)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)乘之,卒(zu)壅不(bu)(bu)行,悉罷鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),專任寶(bao)泉,寶(bao)源(yuan)(yuan)精(jing)造(zao)一(yi)(yi)錢(qian)(qian)四分重(zhong)錢(qian)(qian),幕用滿(man)(man)(man)文(wen)(wen),俾私(si)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),限于作(zuo)偽,現行錢(qian)(qian)限三(san)月銷毀(hui)?”可(ke)見由北(bei)京戶?工二(er)局改(gai)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)順(shun)(shun)(shun)治(zhi)背(bei)(bei)滿(man)(man)(man)文(wen)(wen)“寶(bao)泉”?“寶(bao)源(yuan)(yuan)”重(zhong)錢(qian)(qian)是為了(le)(le)達到(dao)統一(yi)(yi)管(guan)理防止(zhi)私(si)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)目的(de)(de),也是歷(li)史(shi)上(shang)最(zui)重(zhong)的(de)(de)小平(ping)制(zhi)錢(qian)(qian)。背(bei)(bei)“滿(man)(man)(man)文(wen)(wen)”式(shi)制(zhi)錢(qian)(qian)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)行時間(jian)為順(shun)(shun)(shun)治(zhi)十(shi)(shi)四至十(shi)(shi)八(ba)年(1657~1661),錢(qian)(qian)體大而(er)厚(hou)重(zhong),錢(qian)(qian)背(bei)(bei)銘文(wen)(wen)改(gai)為雙(shuang)滿(man)(man)(man)文(wen)(wen)形(xing)式(shi),較(jiao)之前順(shun)(shun)(shun)治(zhi)錢(qian)(qian)有(you)很大不(bu)(bu)同。從(cong)這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)式(shi)開始,清朝制(zhi)錢(qian)(qian)在形(xing)制(zhi)從(cong)上(shang)沿用明朝的(de)(de)時代進入了(le)(le)真正(zheng)的(de)(de)清錢(qian)(qian)時代,背(bei)(bei)滿(man)(man)(man)文(wen)(wen)寶(bao)泉、寶(bao)源(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)式(shi)的(de)(de)制(zhi)錢(qian)(qian)一(yi)(yi)直延續至清末宣(xuan)統時期(qi)。它(ta)的(de)(de)出現具有(you)劃(hua)時代的(de)(de)意(yi)義。
第五式(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)“滿(man)(man)(man)(man)漢(han)(han)文(wen)”式(shi)(shi)(shi),錢(qian)背(bei)分別(bie)以滿(man)(man)(man)(man)、漢(han)(han)書寫(xie)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)局(ju)(ju)簡稱,分列(lie)穿(chuan)左右(you)。鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)行時間為(wei)(wei)順(shun)(shun)治(zhi)(zhi)十七年至十八年(1660-1661)?據(ju)《清朝(chao)(chao)通志》所(suo)載:順(shun)(shun)治(zhi)(zhi)十七年(1660)戶部又重(zhong)定順(shun)(shun)治(zhi)(zhi)通寶背(bei)文(wen)制式(shi)(shi)(shi),除寶泉局(ju)(ju)、寶源局(ju)(ju)續鋳背(bei)滿(man)(man)(man)(man)文(wen)式(shi)(shi)(shi)外,提準重(zhong)開(kai)(kai)十五個地方錢(qian)局(ju)(ju),并按照順(shun)(shun)治(zhi)(zhi)四(si)式(shi)(shi)(shi)的規格開(kai)(kai)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)新錢(qian),每(mei)文(wen)重(zhong)一錢(qian)四(si)分,其背(bei)文(wen)由(you)穿(chuan)右(you)省(sheng)(sheng)府局(ju)(ju)漢(han)(han)文(wen)局(ju)(ju)名,穿(chuan)左為(wei)(wei)滿(man)(man)(man)(man)文(wen)局(ju)(ju)名,故稱滿(man)(man)(man)(man)漢(han)(han)文(wen)式(shi)(shi)(shi)。據(ju)《清朝(chao)(chao)通志》記載該式(shi)(shi)(shi)分別(bie)有(you):山(shan)西(xi)(xi)大(da)同(tong)鎮(zhen)局(ju)(ju)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)滿(man)(man)(man)(man)漢(han)(han)“同(tong)”字(zi)?江(jiang)南(nan)(nan)江(jiang)寧局(ju)(ju)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)滿(man)(man)(man)(man)漢(han)(han)“寧”字(zi)?山(shan)東(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)局(ju)(ju)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)滿(man)(man)(man)(man)漢(han)(han)“東(dong)”字(zi)?湖(hu)廣武(wu)昌(chang)(chang)府局(ju)(ju)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)滿(man)(man)(man)(man)漢(han)(han)“昌(chang)(chang)”字(zi)?直隸(li)宣(xuan)化鎮(zhen)局(ju)(ju)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)滿(man)(man)(man)(man)漢(han)(han)“宣(xuan)”字(zi)?山(shan)西(xi)(xi)太原府局(ju)(ju)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)滿(man)(man)(man)(man)漢(han)(han)“原”字(zi)?直隸(li)薊州鎮(zhen)局(ju)(ju)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)滿(man)(man)(man)(man)漢(han)(han)“薊”字(zi)?江(jiang)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)昌(chang)(chang)府局(ju)(ju)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)滿(man)(man)(man)(man)漢(han)(han)“江(jiang)”字(zi)?河南(nan)(nan)省(sheng)(sheng)局(ju)(ju)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)滿(man)(man)(man)(man)漢(han)(han)“河”字(zi)?山(shan)東(dong)臨(lin)清鎮(zhen)局(ju)(ju)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)滿(man)(man)(man)(man)漢(han)(han)“臨(lin)”字(zi)?浙(zhe)江(jiang)省(sheng)(sheng)局(ju)(ju)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)滿(man)(man)(man)(man)漢(han)(han)“浙(zhe)”字(zi)?陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)局(ju)(ju)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)滿(man)(man)(man)(man)漢(han)(han)“陜(shan)”字(zi)?福(fu)建省(sheng)(sheng)局(ju)(ju)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)滿(man)(man)(man)(man)漢(han)(han)“福(fu)”字(zi)、云(yun)南(nan)(nan)省(sheng)(sheng)局(ju)(ju)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)滿(man)(man)(man)(man)漢(han)(han)“云(yun)”字(zi)錢(qian)?其中福(fu)建省(sheng)(sheng)局(ju)(ju)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)滿(man)(man)(man)(man)漢(han)(han)“福(fu)”字(zi)與云(yun)南(nan)(nan)省(sheng)(sheng)局(ju)(ju)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)滿(man)(man)(man)(man)漢(han)(han)“云(yun)”字(zi)錢(qian)并未(wei)正(zheng)式(shi)(shi)(shi)開(kai)(kai)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),滿(man)(man)(man)(man)漢(han)(han)“福(fu)”字(zi)錢(qian)僅(jin)發現數枚部頒(ban)樣錢(qian),而(er)滿(man)(man)(man)(man)漢(han)(han)“云(yun)”字(zi)錢(qian)未(wei)見真品存世。
公元1644年,清(qing)(qing)軍入關(guan),愛新覺羅·福臨至北京。為(wei)了穩定流通(tong)鑄(zhu)(zhu)幣混亂的(de)(de)局面,一(yi)方面有選(xuan)擇地繼續沿用明(ming)(ming)代舊錢,另一(yi)方在北京設中央(yang)錢局開鑄(zhu)(zhu)“順(shun)(shun)治(zhi)通(tong)寶(bao)”錢。新錢每文重(zhong)量定為(wei)一(yi)錢與(yu)明(ming)(ming)錢兌換。這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)舉措逐(zhu)漸統一(yi)了流通(tong)錢的(de)(de)形(xing)制,為(wei)恢復(fu)國民經濟(ji)打(da)下(xia)了良好的(de)(de)基礎。然而作為(wei)剛剛入關(guan)的(de)(de)清(qing)(qing)朝政府推行順(shun)(shun)治(zhi)通(tong)寶(bao)錢并不(bu)是一(yi)帆風順(shun)(shun)的(de)(de),它(ta)先后經歷了五(wu)次(ci)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)改(gai)革,最終完(wan)成了脫離明(ming)(ming)代而建立清(qing)(qing)代鑄(zhu)(zhu)幣體(ti)系的(de)(de)過程。五(wu)次(ci)貨幣改(gai)制鑄(zhu)(zhu)就(jiu)了五(wu)種(zhong)形(xing)式的(de)(de)順(shun)(shun)治(zhi)通(tong)寶(bao)錢,這(zhe)(zhe)就(jiu)是聞名于世的(de)(de)順(shun)(shun)治(zhi)五(wu)式。每一(yi)式順(shun)(shun)治(zhi)通(tong)寶(bao)自成體(ti)系又互相關(guan)聯(lian),為(wei)我們后來的(de)(de)收藏和研究者提供了豐(feng)富(fu)多(duo)彩、趣味(wei)無窮的(de)(de)實物(wu)資料。
1.明(ming)亡(wang)清(qing)(qing)興是中(zhong)國歷史中(zhong)的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個精(jing)彩的(de)(de)亮點,滿清(qing)(qing)入關之后,清(qing)(qing)政(zheng)權(quan)(quan)、南(nan)明(ming)政(zheng)權(quan)(quan)、農(nong)民起義軍(jun)政(zheng)權(quan)(quan)之間爆發的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)系列大規(gui)模的(de)(de)戰爭(zheng)。清(qing)(qing)政(zheng)權(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)統一(yi)(yi)戰爭(zheng)主(zhu)導了前期順治錢的(de)(de)鑄造,它是一(yi)(yi)個戰時貨幣演化的(de)(de)經典案例和(he)實(shi)物證(zheng)據;
2.隨著(zhu)敵對政權逐一被(bei)消(xiao)滅,后期的順治錢迅速從(cong)戰(zhan)時貨(huo)(huo)幣向建(jian)設時期貨(huo)(huo)幣的轉型過渡,順治錢也徹底從(cong)明朝制錢體系中脫離出來。它(ta)是研(yan)究清前期是如何著(zhu)力恢復(fu)戰(zhan)后經濟課題(ti)重(zhong)要實例;
3.順(shun)治(zhi)錢(qian)(qian)是中國(guo)歷史上第(di)二個完成了(le)大一(yi)統的(de)少(shao)數民族政權(quan)開國(guo)鑄幣(bi),是研究(jiu)少(shao)數民族與漢族錢(qian)(qian)幣(bi)文化如何一(yi)步步走向(xiang)融合的(de)實物資料;順(shun)治(zhi)錢(qian)(qian)是在(zai)銀(yin)本位貨幣(bi)制度完全確立之(zhi)后,建(jian)立的(de)一(yi)整套白(bai)銀(yin)、銅錢(qian)(qian)雙軌制貨幣(bi)解決方案;是貨幣(bi)白(bai)銀(yin)化研究(jiu)的(de)重(zhong)要組成;
4.鑄幣紀局的制(zhi)度是整個清代錢(qian)幣體系(xi)的一(yi)大特點,也是中國封建鑄幣制(zhi)度發展到更成(cheng)熟階段的體現。這一(yi)制(zhi)度雖(sui)然始于順治(zhi)錢(qian),但(dan)這并非一(yi)蹴而就,它經歷了一(yi)個循(xun)序漸進的過(guo)(guo)程,對順治(zhi)錢(qian)的研究(jiu)為(wei)弄清這一(yi)演化過(guo)(guo)程提供了重要(yao)參考(kao)。