宇(yu)文(wen)憲(545年(nian)—578年(nian)8月16日(ri)),字毗賀突(tu),代郡武(wu)川(chuan)(今內蒙古武(wu)川(chuan)西(xi))人,鮮卑(bei)族,北(bei)周(zhou)文(wen)帝宇(yu)文(wen)泰(tai)之子,母為宇(yu)文(wen)泰(tai)妃達步(bu)干(gan)氏。周(zhou)孝閔(min)帝、周(zhou)明帝、周(zhou)武(wu)帝異母弟。
宇文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)初封(feng)涪城(cheng)縣公,后晉封(feng)安城(cheng)郡公。孝(xiao)閔帝(di)(di)即位,授(shou)任(ren)驃(piao)騎大將軍、開(kai)府儀(yi)同(tong)三司。明帝(di)(di)即位,授(shou)任(ren)大將軍。武成(cheng)初年,任(ren)益(yi)州總管兼益(yi)、寧(ning)、巴、瀘等二十四(si)州諸軍事及益(yi)州刺史,晉封(feng)齊國公,食邑一(yi)萬戶(hu)。十六(liu)歲時,鎮(zhen)服蜀地,蜀人感(gan)激他共同(tong)立碑,稱頌其(qi)(qi)功德。保定年間,征召回(hui)京,任(ren)雍州牧。其(qi)(qi)后多次擊敗(bai)北齊軍。建(jian)德六(liu)年(577年),北周滅亡北齊,宇文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)發(fa)揮(hui)了很大作用(yong)。宇文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)善計謀,多策(ce)略(lve),尤擅安撫駕馭部屬,知(zhi)人善任(ren),沖鋒(feng)陷陣,身(shen)先(xian)士卒,部眾對他心悅誠服,都愿(yuan)為他效力(li)。建(jian)德六(liu)年(577年)滅亡北齊后,宇文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)自(zi)感(gan)威名日大,就暗自(zi)隱退。
建德七年(578年)五(wu)月,周武(wu)帝死后,即位的周宣帝認為齊(qi)王宇文憲(xian)身為皇(huang)叔,輩分高而(er)名望大,對他(ta)十(shi)(shi)分忌恨,宣政元年(578年)將其殺害(hai),時(shi)年三十(shi)(shi)五(wu)歲(sui),謚號齊(qi)煬王。
西魏大(da)統十一年(545年),宇(yu)文憲出生(sheng),字毗賀突,代郡武(wu)川(今內蒙古武(wu)川西)人,北(bei)周文帝宇(yu)文泰(tai)第五子(zi),北(bei)周孝閔帝宇(yu)文覺、明帝宇(yu)文毓、武(wu)帝宇(yu)文邕的異母(mu)弟(di),母(mu)為(wei)達步干氏。
宇文憲性格通達機敏,有氣量,雖在幼年,而神色嚴(yan)峻。初封(feng)涪城縣公。少年時與宇文邕一起(qi)學習(xi)《詩經》、《春秋(qiu)》,都能綜(zong)合要點,得其旨意(yi)。
西魏恭帝元年(nian)(554年(nian)),晉封安城郡(jun)公(gong)。北周(zhou)孝閔帝宇(yu)文覺即位后,授(shou)開府儀同三(san)司。周(zhou)明帝宇(yu)文毓即位,授(shou)任(ren)大將(jiang)軍。武(wu)成(559年(nian)—560年(nian))初年(nian),被任(ren)命(ming)為益州總管(guan)、都督益寧巴瀘等(deng)二(er)十四(si)州諸軍事、益州刺史,晉封齊國公(gong),食邑一萬戶(hu)。
當(dang)(dang)初,在(zai)平定蜀(shu)地之后(hou),宇文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)泰認為那里形勢險(xian)要,不(bu)愿讓(rang)老將去鎮守,想在(zai)兒(er)子們中挑選人選。遍問宇文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)邕以下,誰(shui)能(neng)當(dang)(dang)此重任。大(da)家還沒有(you)來得及(ji)回答,而宇文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)首先請命。宇文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)泰說(shuo):“刺史應當(dang)(dang)安(an)撫(fu)部(bu)眾,治理(li)百(bai)姓,不(bu)是你所(suo)能(neng)干的(de)。按年(nian)(nian)齡(ling)(ling)授(shou)官,應當(dang)(dang)先輪著(zhu)你的(de)哥(ge)哥(ge)們。”宇文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)答道:“才能(neng)有(you)所(suo)不(bu)同(tong),而與年(nian)(nian)齡(ling)(ling)大(da)小無關。如果試而無效,甘心(xin)當(dang)(dang)面受責備(bei)。”宇文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)泰十分高興,但由于宇文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)年(nian)(nian)齡(ling)(ling)還小,沒有(you)派他(ta)。到這時明帝遵照宇文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)泰的(de)從前(qian)意(yi)思,所(suo)以讓(rang)宇文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)前(qian)往(wang)蜀(shu)地任職。宇文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)當(dang)(dang)時十六歲(sui),善于安(an)撫(fu)駕馭部(bu)屬,留心(xin)治理(li)之術,訴訟集中在(zai)一身(shen),而理(li)政(zheng)不(bu)見疲(pi)倦。蜀(shu)人非常感激他(ta),共同(tong)立碑,稱頌他(ta)的(de)功德。不(bu)久升任柱國。
保(bao)定年間(jian)(561年—565年),宇(yu)(yu)文憲(xian)被(bei)征召(zhao)回京,任雍州(zhou)牧。晉公宇(yu)(yu)文護東伐(fa)北(bei)齊(qi)(qi)時,以尉(wei)遲迥為(wei)先鋒,包圍洛陽。宇(yu)(yu)文憲(xian)與達奚武、王雄等人(ren)屯兵邙(mang)山。其他(ta)各軍(jun)(jun)分守險(xian)要。北(bei)齊(qi)(qi)兵數萬人(ren),突(tu)然從北(bei)周(zhou)軍(jun)(jun)后面(mian)殺出,各軍(jun)(jun)驚恐,紛紛潰散(san)。只有宇(yu)(yu)文憲(xian)與王雄、達奚武率(lv)兵抵(di)擋。王雄被(bei)齊(qi)(qi)軍(jun)(jun)殺死,三軍(jun)(jun)震恐。宇(yu)(yu)文憲(xian)親自(zi)督率(lv)激勵(li),軍(jun)(jun)心(xin)才安定下來。當時宇(yu)(yu)文護執掌大(da)權,對他(ta)十分信任,賞罰之事,都得以參與。
天(tian)和(he)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(568年(nian)(nian)),任(ren)命宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲為大司馬,兼任(ren)小(xiao)冢(zhong)宰(zai),仍(reng)擔任(ren)雍州牧(mu)。天(tian)和(he)四年(nian)(nian)(569年(nian)(nian)),北齊將領獨孤永業前來侵犯,強盜殺死孔城(cheng)防主能奔達,據城(cheng)響應(ying)齊軍。詔命宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲與柱國李穆(mu)率兵從(cong)宜陽出發,修(xiu)筑(zhu)崇德等五(wu)城(cheng),切(qie)斷齊軍運糧通道。北齊將領斛律光率軍四萬,在(zai)洛水(shui)以(yi)南筑(zhu)起(qi)營壘。天(tian)和(he)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(570年(nian)(nian)),宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲涉過洛水(shui)進攻(gong)齊軍,斛律光逃走。宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲追擊到(dao)安業,多次交戰后才回來。
同年,斛律光親(qin)率大軍在(zai)(zai)汾水北岸(an)修城,向西直到龍門。宇(yu)(yu)文護(hu)對宇(yu)(yu)文憲說:“盜(dao)賊遍(bian)地,軍馬縱(zong)橫,使戰場之上(shang),百姓困苦(ku)。豈能坐(zuo)視百姓被(bei)大肆殺戮,而(er)不(bu)想法解救?你(ni)說用什么計策?”宇(yu)(yu)文憲答(da)道:“依我(wo)看,兄(xiong)長應當暫且從(cong)同州出兵,以(yi)(yi)作為(wei)威懾,我(wo)請求以(yi)(yi)精(jing)銳軍隊(dui)在(zai)(zai)前,根(gen)據情況(kuang)進攻(gong)。不(bu)僅邊(bian)境(jing)可以(yi)(yi)安(an)寧,而(er)且能夠另有所(suo)獲。”宇(yu)(yu)文護(hu)表示同意。
天和(he)六年(571年),派宇(yu)文(wen)憲率(lv)兵二萬,從龍門出發。北(bei)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)將領新(xin)蔡王(wang)(wang)王(wang)(wang)康德由于宇(yu)文(wen)憲兵到,連(lian)夜率(lv)軍悄悄逃跑。宇(yu)文(wen)憲于是(shi)向西(xi)返(fan)回(hui)。又(you)掘開汾水(shui),使河水(shui)向南淹沒齊(qi)(qi)(qi)軍營壘(lei)(lei),率(lv)軍重新(xin)進入(ru)(ru)北(bei)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)境內(nei)。齊(qi)(qi)(qi)人以(yi)為(wei)(wei)宇(yu)文(wen)憲難以(yi)深入(ru)(ru),就(jiu)放松(song)了(le)邊防戒(jie)備。宇(yu)文(wen)憲于是(shi)渡過黃河,進攻(gong)伏龍等四城(cheng)(cheng),兩天內(nei)全部占(zhan)領。又(you)攻(gong)克(ke)張壁,繳獲(huo)其軍用物(wu)資,將城(cheng)(cheng)壘(lei)(lei)平(ping)掉。當時斛律光(guang)在華谷(gu),無法救援(yuan),就(jiu)向北(bei)攻(gong)占(zhan)了(le)姚襄(xiang)(xiang)城(cheng)(cheng)。這時汾州已久(jiu)被圍困,運糧通道被截斷(duan)。宇(yu)文(wen)憲派柱國宇(yu)文(wen)盛運粟接濟。宇(yu)文(wen)憲自(zi)己經過兩乳谷(gu),襲擊北(bei)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)的柏社城(cheng)(cheng),將其占(zhan)領,又(you)向姚襄(xiang)(xiang)城(cheng)(cheng)推進。齊(qi)(qi)(qi)人據(ju)城(cheng)(cheng)死守。宇(yu)文(wen)憲令柱國、譚(tan)公宇(yu)文(wen)會修(xiu)建石殿(dian)城(cheng)(cheng),作為(wei)(wei)汾州后(hou)援(yuan)。北(bei)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)平(ping)原王(wang)(wang)段韶、蘭(lan)陵王(wang)(wang)高長恭率(lv)大(da)(da)軍抵達,宇(yu)文(wen)憲命令將士結(jie)陣以(yi)待。大(da)(da)將軍韓歡被齊(qi)(qi)(qi)人偷(tou)襲,部屬奔(ben)逃,宇(yu)文(wen)憲親自(zi)督戰,齊(qi)(qi)(qi)軍稍(shao)退。天色已晚,雙方各(ge)自(zi)收兵。
宇文(wen)(wen)護(hu)被處死(si)以后,周武帝(di)(di)宇文(wen)(wen)邕召宇文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)入朝(chao),宇文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)免冠(guan)請罪。周武帝(di)(di)對他(ta)說:“天(tian)下(xia)是(shi)太祖(宇文(wen)(wen)泰)的天(tian)下(xia),朕繼守大(da)(da)業(ye),常(chang)恐丟失(shi)。宇文(wen)(wen)護(hu)目(mu)中無(wu)君,欺凌君上,打(da)算反叛(pan),因(yin)(yin)此朕將他(ta)處死(si),以安定國家。你與(yu)我(wo)本是(shi)親(qin)兄弟,同(tong)甘共苦,此事(shi)與(yu)你無(wu)關,為(wei)什么(me)還要請罪?”詔命宇文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)前往宇文(wen)(wen)護(hu)宅(zhai)第,收繳兵符、文(wen)(wen)書(shu)等物。隨即任(ren)命宇文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)為(wei)大(da)(da)冢宰。這時武帝(di)(di)已(yi)經親(qin)理朝(chao)政,打(da)算整頓(dun)政治(zhi),統(tong)一刑令(ling),即便牽(qian)涉(she)到宗室中人,也(ye)(ye)不(bu)加以寬(kuan)容。宇文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)原來(lai)被宇文(wen)(wen)護(hu)所重用,從天(tian)和年(nian)間以后,威勢漸大(da)(da)。宇文(wen)(wen)護(hu)欲有所言,大(da)(da)多令(ling)宇文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)上奏(zou)。皇帝(di)(di)有允許的,也(ye)(ye)有不(bu)同(tong)意的,宇文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)擔心皇帝(di)(di)同(tong)丞相之間互相猜忌,每次都(dou)是(shi)委婉地說清意思。武帝(di)(di)也(ye)(ye)知(zhi)道他(ta)的用心,所以得以免禍(huo)。可是(shi)仍(reng)然(ran)(ran)因(yin)(yin)為(wei)他(ta)威名(ming)太大(da)(da),始(shi)終放心不(bu)下(xia),雖(sui)然(ran)(ran)遙授冢宰之職,實際(ji)上奪去了(le)他(ta)的權力。
開府裴(pei)(pei)文(wen)(wen)(wen)舉是宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)侍(shi)(shi)讀,武帝(di)經常駕臨內殿,接見(jian)裴(pei)(pei)文(wen)(wen)(wen)舉。武帝(di)對他說(shuo):“宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)護反叛(pan)的(de)(de)跡象,朝野均知,我(wo)之所以含淚將(jiang)他處死,是為了安定國(guo)家(jia),有(you)(you)(you)利百姓(xing)。從(cong)前(qian)北魏末年動亂,太祖輔佐元氏;周朝上承天(tian)命,宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)護才執(zhi)掌大權(quan)。積久而成(cheng)的(de)(de)習慣,變成(cheng)了常規(gui),就認為政(zheng)令應當(dang)這(zhe)樣。難道(dao)(dao)(dao)有(you)(you)(you)三十歲的(de)(de)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)還(huan)要(yao)被人(ren)制約(yue)嗎?況且近代以來(lai),還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)一種弊(bi)病,曾(ceng)經暫(zan)為部屬的(de)(de),就禮敬上級猶如(ru)君(jun)王。這(zhe)是擾亂社會的(de)(de)權(quan)宜(yi)之法,不(bu)是治(zhi)理國(guo)家(jia)的(de)(de)辦法。《詩經》說(shuo):‘日夜不(bu)敢懈怠,用來(lai)服侍(shi)(shi)一人(ren)。’一人(ren),只能(neng)是天(tian)子(zi)(zi)。你雖然(ran)陪(pei)侍(shi)(shi)齊公(gong)(gong)宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian),但不(bu)能(neng)形同君(jun)臣(chen)。再(zai)說(shuo)太祖有(you)(you)(you)十個(ge)兒子(zi)(zi),難道(dao)(dao)(dao)都能(neng)當(dang)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)?你應當(dang)用做(zuo)人(ren)的(de)(de)正道(dao)(dao)(dao)來(lai)規(gui)勸齊公(gong)(gong),使我(wo)們君(jun)臣(chen)和睦(mu),骨肉融洽,不(bu)要(yao)讓我(wo)們兄(xiong)弟之間互相猜疑。”裴(pei)(pei)文(wen)(wen)(wen)舉拜謝而出,回來(lai)告訴(su)宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)。宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)手撫幾(ji)案,指(zhi)著(zhu)心道(dao)(dao)(dao):“我(wo)向來(lai)的(de)(de)心意(yi),您難道(dao)(dao)(dao)不(bu)清楚嗎?只有(you)(you)(you)盡忠效命,還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)什么話說(shuo)?”
建德三年(574年),宇文(wen)憲(xian)(xian)(xian)晉爵為(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)。宇文(wen)憲(xian)(xian)(xian)的朋友劉休征(zheng)獻(xian)上(shang)《王(wang)(wang)(wang)箴》一首,宇文(wen)憲(xian)(xian)(xian)十分贊(zan)美(mei)。后來,劉休征(zheng)又把《王(wang)(wang)(wang)箴》獻(xian)給武(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)。武(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)正想削弱他的幾個弟弟的勢力,很喜歡這(zhe)篇(pian)箴言。宇文(wen)憲(xian)(xian)(xian)常(chang)常(chang)感到兵書內容繁雜廣泛,難求要旨,就(jiu)自(zi)己編(bian)定為(wei)《要略(lve)》五篇(pian),上(shang)表陳述(shu)。武(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)讀后表示(shi)稱(cheng)贊(zan)。當年秋天,武(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)駕臨云陽宮,臥病在床。衛(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)宇文(wen)直在京(jing)城舉兵叛(pan)亂。武(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)召見(jian)宇文(wen)憲(xian)(xian)(xian),對他說:“衛(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)反叛(pan),你知道嗎?”宇文(wen)憲(xian)(xian)(xian)答道:“微臣原來不(bu)知道,如今才(cai)見(jian)到詔書。宇文(wen)直違(wei)背(bei)天命,就(jiu)是(shi)自(zi)取(qu)滅亡。”武(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)說:“你即(ji)刻作為(wei)前(qian)(qian)鋒,我(wo)也隨后出(chu)發。”字文(wen)直不(bu)久敗(bai)逃。武(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)抵達(da)京(jing)師,宇文(wen)憲(xian)(xian)(xian)和(he)趙王(wang)(wang)(wang)宇文(wen)招都入朝拜謝。武(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)說:“從前(qian)(qian)管(guan)叔鮮、蔡叔度被殺,而(er)周公卻輔佐周成(cheng)(cheng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)大業,人心不(bu)同,猶如人的外貌各不(bu)一樣。我(wo)只慚愧兄弟之(zhi)間(jian)動兵,這(zhe)是(shi)我(wo)的不(bu)足之(zhi)處。”
當初,宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)直(zhi)內心(xin)十分忌(ji)恨宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲(xian),宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)權當不(bu)知,對他容讓。又因(yin)他是(shi)武(wu)帝(di)同母之弟,更(geng)加友愛尊敬。處死宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)護(hu)時,宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)直(zhi)堅持請求罪(zui)及(ji)宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)。武(wu)帝(di)說(shuo):“齊(qi)公宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)的心(xin)跡,我(wo)全(quan)都(dou)(dou)清楚,不(bu)得(de)再(zai)(zai)有(you)懷(huai)疑。”武(wu)帝(di)的母親叱奴(nu)太后(hou)去世后(hou),宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)直(zhi)又秘密報(bao)告道:“宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)喝(he)酒吃肉,與平(ping)時沒有(you)區別。”武(wu)帝(di)說(shuo):“我(wo)同齊(qi)王(wang)不(bu)是(shi)一母所(suo)生,都(dou)(dou)不(bu)是(shi)嫡(di)子(zi),他為了(le)我(wo),而(er)特別自我(wo)約束。你(ni)應當感到慚愧(kui),有(you)什么理(li)由(you)再(zai)(zai)去議論他的對錯?你(ni)是(shi)太后(hou)最喜歡(huan)的兒子(zi),承(cheng)蒙(meng)慈愛。如今只須自勉,不(bu)要(yao)再(zai)(zai)沒有(you)根(gen)據(ju)地亂說(shuo)別人。”宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)直(zhi)才不(bu)再(zai)(zai)說(shuo)什么。
建德四年(nian)(575年(nian)),武帝(di)打算(suan)東征(zheng)北齊(qi),只同(tong)(tong)內史王誼商議此事,其他人(ren)都不知(zhi)道。后(hou)來認為諸弟的(de)(de)(de)才能謀略,沒有(you)(you)超過宇(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de),才告訴他。宇(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)(xian)當(dang)即贊同(tong)(tong)東征(zheng)。大軍(jun)(jun)準備(bei)出(chu)(chu)發(fa)時,宇(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)(xian)上(shang)表獻(xian)出(chu)(chu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)財產以贊助軍(jun)(jun)費說:“我(wo)聽說把(ba)握機會適應(ying)氣(qi)運,理應(ying)借助時機的(de)(de)(de)到來,兼并弱小(xiao)攻擊愚昧,要憑借隨機應(ying)變的(de)(de)(de)謀略。希望(wang)陛下(xia)保(bao)持和振興(xing)圣明,開創大業弘揚教(jiao)化,順從(cong)天意(yi),恢弘武略。才能使兇惡(e)被剪除,天下(xia)大同(tong)(tong),軍(jun)(jun)民人(ren)心歸附,車軌(gui)文(wen)字統一。我(wo)私下(xia)以為龍旗(qi)飄(piao)動,天網(wang)密布,糧草物(wu)資(zi),也許需(xu)(xu)要供(gong)給。從(cong)前邊境沒有(you)(you)平靜(jing),卜式自(zi)(zi)(zi)愿獻(xian)出(chu)(chu)家中財產;天下(xia)混亂(luan),衛茲(zi)請求獻(xian)出(chu)(chu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)粟米。我(wo)雖然(ran)愚笨,但怎敢忘記效仿他們。恭(gong)敬地獻(xian)上(shang)金銀(yin)財寶等(deng)十六(liu)件,稍稍資(zi)助軍(jun)(jun)需(xu)(xu)。”武帝(di)詔(zhao)命不予接(jie)受,并拿宇(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)(xian)作榜樣,對公卿們說:“臣子應(ying)當(dang)如此,我(wo)看重他的(de)(de)(de)心意(yi),難(nan)道還需(xu)(xu)要他的(de)(de)(de)東西嗎?”于是詔(zhao)命宇(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)(xian)率兵二萬為前軍(jun)(jun),向黎(li)陽推進(jin)。武帝(di)親自(zi)(zi)(zi)圍攻河陰,未能攻下(xia)。宇(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)(xian)攻占武濟,進(jin)兵包圍洛口(kou),攻下(xia)洛口(kou)東西二城。因為武帝(di)患病而撤軍(jun)(jun)返回。同(tong)(tong)年(nian),開始設置上(shang)柱國官職,讓宇(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)(xian)擔任。
建德五年(576年),大(da)規模(mo)東征北齊(qi)(qi)。宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)率(lv)領精銳騎(qi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)二萬(wan)人(ren),仍擔任先鋒(feng),把(ba)守雀鼠谷(gu)。武帝親自(zi)圍攻(gong)晉(jin)州。宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)向前(qian)推進(jin)(jin),占(zhan)領洪同、永安(an)(an)二城,打(da)算擴大(da)戰(zhan)果(guo)。齊(qi)(qi)人(ren)燒(shao)毀橋梁(liang),固守險要,周(zhou)軍(jun)無(wu)法前(qian)進(jin)(jin),于(yu)是(shi)屯集在(zai)永安(an)(an)。齊(qi)(qi)后主高緯(wei)聽說晉(jin)州被圍,就率(lv)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)十萬(wan),親自(zi)來援。當(dang)時(shi),柱(zhu)國(guo)、陳(chen)(chen)王宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)純駐軍(jun)千(qian)里徑(jing)(jing),大(da)將(jiang)軍(jun)、永昌公宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)椿(chun)屯兵(bing)(bing)(bing)雞棲(qi)原,大(da)將(jiang)軍(jun)宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)盛把(ba)守汾水(shui)關,都(dou)受宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)指(zhi)揮。宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)悄悄對宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)椿(chun)說:“用兵(bing)(bing)(bing)講究欺騙,去(qu)留不(bu)定(ding),見機而行,不(bu)能死守常規。你安(an)(an)營時(shi),不(bu)要支起帳(zhang)(zhang)幕,可(ke)以(yi)砍伐柏樹搭(da)成小庵,以(yi)示(shi)有兵(bing)(bing)(bing)。這(zhe)樣(yang),軍(jun)隊離開以(yi)后,敵軍(jun)還會起疑。”這(zhe)時(shi),北齊(qi)(qi)后主高緯(wei)分兵(bing)(bing)(bing)一(yi)萬(wan)進(jin)(jin)攻(gong)千(qian)里徑(jing)(jing),又(you)命令部屬出汾水(shui)關,自(zi)己親率(lv)大(da)軍(jun)與宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)椿(chun)交戰(zhan)。宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)盛派騎(qi)士告急,宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)自(zi)率(lv)騎(qi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)千(qian)人(ren)援助。齊(qi)(qi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)遠(yuan)(yuan)遠(yuan)(yuan)看見谷(gu)中飛(fei)塵揚起,急忙(mang)相(xiang)繼退去(qu)。宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)盛與柱(zhu)國(guo)侯莫陳(chen)(chen)芮(rui)涉(she)過(guo)汾水(shui)追(zhui)擊,斬殺不(bu)少齊(qi)(qi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)。不(bu)久(jiu),宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)椿(chun)報告齊(qi)(qi)軍(jun)漸漸逼近,宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)又(you)回兵(bing)(bing)(bing)救援。恰(qia)巧宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)椿(chun)被命令撤軍(jun),就率(lv)軍(jun)乘(cheng)夜返回。齊(qi)(qi)人(ren)果(guo)然認為柏庵是(shi)軍(jun)隊營帳(zhang)(zhang),沒有懷疑周(zhou)軍(jun)已退,一(yi)直(zhi)到第二天才明白上了當(dang)。
當時(shi)武帝(di)已經離(li)開(kai)晉州,留下(xia)宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)(xian)為后(hou)衛。高(gao)緯(wei)親(qin)自率(lv)軍來追(zhui)(zhui),抵(di)達高(gao)梁橋。宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)(xian)率(lv)領精(jing)銳騎(qi)兵二千(qian)人(ren)(ren)(ren),隔河布成陣勢。北齊領軍段(duan)(duan)(duan)暢(chang)(chang)(chang)一(yi)直進(jin)到橋頭。宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)(xian)隔河招呼段(duan)(duan)(duan)暢(chang)(chang)(chang),同他交談。宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)(xian)問段(duan)(duan)(duan)暢(chang)(chang)(chang)道(dao):“你叫什么(me)名字?”段(duan)(duan)(duan)暢(chang)(chang)(chang)答(da)道(dao):“我是(shi)(shi)領軍段(duan)(duan)(duan)暢(chang)(chang)(chang)。您是(shi)(shi)誰(shui)?”宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)(xian)回答(da)說:“我是(shi)(shi)虞侯(hou)大都(dou)督。”段(duan)(duan)(duan)暢(chang)(chang)(chang)說:“聽(ting)您的(de)言談,不(bu)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)般的(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren),今朝(chao)相見,為什么(me)隱瞞姓(xing)名官職?”陳王宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)純、梁國公侯(hou)莫(mo)陳芮、內(nei)史王誼等(deng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)都(dou)在(zai)宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)(xian)身邊。段(duan)(duan)(duan)暢(chang)(chang)(chang)問個(ge)不(bu)停。宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)(xian)才說:“我是(shi)(shi)天子的(de)弟弟齊王。”又指著(zhu)陳王等(deng)人(ren)(ren)(ren),把他們的(de)姓(xing)名封(feng)號一(yi)一(yi)告訴段(duan)(duan)(duan)暢(chang)(chang)(chang)。段(duan)(duan)(duan)暢(chang)(chang)(chang)打馬而去,宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)(xian)立即命令(ling)撤軍,不(bu)料(liao)齊人(ren)(ren)(ren)突然追(zhui)(zhui)來,兵勢勁銳。宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)(xian)與開(kai)府宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)忻(xin)各率(lv)精(jing)選騎(qi)兵一(yi)百人(ren)(ren)(ren)殿(dian)后(hou)抵(di)擋,斬其猛(meng)將(jiang)賀蘭豹子、山褥瑰等(deng)一(yi)百余人(ren)(ren)(ren),齊軍才退去。宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)(xian)渡過汾水,在(zai)玉壁趕(gan)上武帝(di)。
武(wu)帝(di)(di)又命令宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)率兵六萬,回(hui)援晉(jin)州。宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)率軍(jun)(jun)(jun)推進,在(zai)涑水(shui)扎(zha)營(ying)。高(gao)緯(wei)圍攻晉(jin)州,日夜不(bu)停。回(hui)來的(de)(de)間諜,有(you)(you)的(de)(de)說(shuo)晉(jin)州已經(jing)陷(xian)(xian)落。宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)派遣柱國越(yue)王宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)盛、大將軍(jun)(jun)(jun)尉遲迥、開府宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)神舉(ju)等率領(ling)輕裝騎兵一(yi)萬人,連夜趕到(dao)晉(jin)州。宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)進兵據守(shou)蒙坑,作為(wei)(wei)后援,得知晉(jin)州沒有(you)(you)陷(xian)(xian)落,就又回(hui)到(dao)涑水(shui)。武(wu)帝(di)(di)隨(sui)即東去(qu),駐軍(jun)(jun)(jun)高(gao)顯,宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)率領(ling)部(bu)屬,先向晉(jin)州推進。次(ci)日,諸軍(jun)(jun)(jun)會合,漸逼城下。齊(qi)(qi)人也出動大軍(jun)(jun)(jun),在(zai)周軍(jun)(jun)(jun)營(ying)地以南布成(cheng)陣(zhen)勢。武(wu)帝(di)(di)召(zhao)宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)騎馬前(qian)往察看。宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)回(hui)來報告說(shuo):“這個好對付,請(qing)打敗敵(di)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)后再吃飯。”武(wu)帝(di)(di)高(gao)興地說(shuo):“如(ru)果(guo)像你說(shuo)的(de)(de)那樣,我(wo)就沒有(you)(you)憂慮了。”宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)退下后,內史柳虬悄悄對他(ta)說(shuo):“敵(di)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)并(bing)不(bu)少,大王怎(zen)么能輕視他(ta)們?”宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)說(shuo):“我(wo)被(bei)委任(ren)為(wei)(wei)前(qian)鋒,為(wei)(wei)國為(wei)(wei)家,掃蕩(dang)這些殘(can)敵(di),猶如(ru)摧枯拉朽。商(shang)朝(chao)、周朝(chao)的(de)(de)事,您是知道的(de)(de),賊兵雖多,能把我(wo)怎(zen)么樣?”不(bu)久,各軍(jun)(jun)(jun)一(yi)塊進擊,齊(qi)(qi)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)立即潰不(bu)成(cheng)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)。當夜,高(gao)緯(wei)逃走,宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)率輕裝騎兵追擊。追到(dao)永安時,武(wu)帝(di)(di)也隨(sui)后趕到(dao)。齊(qi)(qi)人收(shou)集殘(can)兵,又據守(shou)高(gao)壁、洛(luo)女寨。武(wu)帝(di)(di)命令宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)進攻洛(luo)女寨,將其占領(ling)。次(ci)日,在(zai)介休與大軍(jun)(jun)(jun)會師(shi)。
當時高(gao)緯(wei)已敗走鄴城(cheng)(cheng),留其堂兄安德(de)王高(gao)延(yan)宗據守并(bing)州(zhou)。高(gao)延(yan)宗趁(chen)機(ji)自立為帝(di),出(chu)(chu)兵抗拒。武(wu)帝(di)進(jin)兵包圍并(bing)州(zhou),宇(yu)(yu)文憲(xian)進(jin)攻城(cheng)(cheng)西。武(wu)帝(di)城(cheng)(cheng)中遇伏,鏖戰至深夜僅(jin)以身免。逃出(chu)(chu)城(cheng)(cheng)后,疲累的武(wu)帝(di)欲(yu)撤兵,宇(yu)(yu)文憲(xian)與(yu)王誼力勸方免。次日再戰,高(gao)延(yan)宗逃走,被(bei)追上活捉。由于(yu)戰功,晉封第(di)二子安城(cheng)(cheng)公宇(yu)(yu)文質為河間王,任命第(di)三(san)子宇(yu)(yu)文賨為大將軍(jun)。仍然詔命宇(yu)(yu)文憲(xian)先行進(jin)兵鄴城(cheng)(cheng)。次年(nian)(nian)(577年(nian)(nian)),攻占(zhan)鄴城(cheng)(cheng)。
北齊任城王(wang)(wang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)湝、廣寧王(wang)(wang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)孝珩等人據守(shou)信都(dou),擁兵數萬。武帝又詔命宇(yu)文(wen)憲討(tao)伐。令高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)緯親自(zi)寫信給高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)湝說(shuo):“朝廷待我(wo)寬厚,諸(zhu)王(wang)(wang)都(dou)好。叔(shu)父(fu)如果(guo)放(fang)下武器,則一(yi)(yi)(yi)定都(dou)會受(shou)到優待。”高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)湝拒不(bu)收(shou)信,反而大肆召募賞賜,多(duo)給金帛,和尚要求當兵的(de),就有數千人。宇(yu)文(wen)憲率軍(jun)經過(guo)趙州時,高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)湝派(pai)兩(liang)名(ming)間諜(die)前去偵察(cha),被巡邏騎(qi)兵捉住,報告宇(yu)文(wen)憲。宇(yu)文(wen)憲就把北齊的(de)舊將都(dou)召集(ji)在一(yi)(yi)(yi)起,讓(rang)這(zhe)兩(liang)名(ming)間諜(die)一(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)看過(guo)。宇(yu)文(wen)憲對這(zhe)兩(liang)名(ming)間諜(die)說(shuo):“我(wo)要爭的(de)是大事,不(bu)在你(ni)們。放(fang)你(ni)們回去,可(ke)以(yi)當我(wo)的(de)使者。”于是寫信給高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)湝,敦促他投降。
宇(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)到(dao)信(xin)都,高(gao)(gao)湝(jie)(jie)在城(cheng)(cheng)南布下(xia)陣(zhen)地,宇(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)登上張耳墳遠遠觀(guan)察。不一(yi)會兒,高(gao)(gao)湝(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)領軍(jun)尉(wei)(wei)相(xiang)愿假裝出(chu)來巡(xun)視陣(zhen)勢(shi),率領部(bu)屬投降(jiang)。尉(wei)(wei)相(xiang)愿是高(gao)(gao)湝(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)親信(xin),眾(zhong)人(ren)(ren)驚恐。高(gao)(gao)湝(jie)(jie)大(da)怒,殺死(si)(si)尉(wei)(wei)相(xiang)愿的(de)(de)妻子(zi)和孩子(zi)。次日再(zai)戰,周軍(jun)大(da)勝(sheng),俘虜、斬殺共三萬人(ren)(ren),活(huo)捉高(gao)(gao)湝(jie)(jie)、高(gao)(gao)孝(xiao)(xiao)珩等(deng)人(ren)(ren)。宇(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)對(dui)高(gao)(gao)湝(jie)(jie)說:“任城(cheng)(cheng)王何苦(ku)如此?”高(gao)(gao)湝(jie)(jie)答道:“我(wo)是神武帝的(de)(de)兒子(zi),兄弟十五人(ren)(ren),只有我(wo)還僥幸活(huo)著。時逢國家(jia)敗滅,即使(shi)雖死(si)(si),也(ye)無(wu)愧祖先。”宇(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)贊賞高(gao)(gao)湝(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)氣(qi)節,命令(ling)釋(shi)放他的(de)(de)妻子(zi)和孩子(zi),多給錢財。又審問(wen)高(gao)(gao)孝(xiao)(xiao)珩。高(gao)(gao)孝(xiao)(xiao)珩陳(chen)述北齊危難,邊說邊哭,舉止不失風(feng)度,宇(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)也(ye)為之(zhi)感動。
宇文憲(xian)素來善(shan)于計謀,多有策略,尤其擅(shan)長(chang)安撫駕(jia)馭部(bu)屬(shu),知(zhi)人(ren)善(shan)任,沖鋒(feng)陷陣,身(shen)先士(shi)卒(zu),部(bu)眾感動,心悅誠服,都(dou)為他(ta)效力。齊人(ren)早(zao)就聽說他(ta)的(de)威名(ming)聲望,都(dou)害怕他(ta)的(de)勇敢謀略。并(bing)州大捷之(zhi)后(hou),在(zai)齊境(jing)長(chang)驅直入,不侵擾百姓,將士(shi)沒有私蓄(xu)。
當(dang)初,稽胡人劉沒鐸自稱皇帝(di),又詔(zhao)命宇(yu)文憲(xian)督率趙王宇(yu)文招(zhao)等人將其討(tao)平。宇(yu)文憲(xian)自感威名越(yue)來越(yue)大,暗自考(kao)慮(lv)隱退。武帝(di)準備(bei)親征北部蠻族時,就(jiu)以有(you)病推辭(ci)。武帝(di)變色(se)道:“你若害(hai)怕遠(yuan)征,讓我用誰?”宇(yu)文憲(xian)害(hai)怕,答道:“微臣(chen)侍奉陛下,實(shi)在是誠心誠意,只是身患疾病,無(wu)法(fa)領兵(bing)。”武帝(di)答應了(le)他(ta)的請求(qiu)。
建德七年(578年),北周武(wu)帝駕崩,北周宣(xuan)帝宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)赟即位(wei)(wei)。北宣(xuan)帝認為(wei)(wei)(wei)叔(shu)父宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)輩分(fen)(fen)高而名望大,擔心成為(wei)(wei)(wei)第(di)二個宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)護,對(dui)他十(shi)分(fen)(fen)忌恨(hen)害怕。當(dang)時武(wu)帝尚未安(an)葬,諸王在朝(chao)內守靈。司(si)衛長孫覽總管軍隊,輔(fu)佐朝(chao)政,擔心諸王有叛(pan)變意(yi)圖(tu),經(jing)上(shang)奏,命(ming)令開府(fu)于(yu)智偵伺(si)諸王動靜。安(an)葬武(wu)帝后,諸王各回府(fu)第(di)。宣(xuan)帝又命(ming)令于(yu)智到(dao)宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)宅第(di)等(deng)候宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian),趁(chen)機告發他另有圖(tu)謀。宣(xuan)帝于(yu)是派小冢宰宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)孝(xiao)伯(bo)對(dui)宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)說:“三公之位(wei)(wei),應當(dang)歸于(yu)親屬中(zhong)賢能之人,如今(jin)打(da)算任命(ming)叔(shu)父為(wei)(wei)(wei)太師,九叔(shu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)太傅(fu),十(shi)一(yi)叔(shu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)太保,叔(shu)父認為(wei)(wei)(wei)怎(zen)樣?”宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)答道(dao):“微臣才能低下,而地位(wei)(wei)很高,常(chang)引以為(wei)(wei)(wei)懼。三師的重(zhong)任,不是我(wo)所敢于(yu)承當(dang)的,太祖時的功臣應當(dang)擔當(dang)此任。如果只(zhi)用(yong)我(wo)們(men)兄弟,恐(kong)怕會招致議論。”宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)孝(xiao)伯(bo)回去報告,隨即又趕(gan)來(lai),說:“詔命(ming)大王今(jin)晚和諸王一(yi)塊到(dao)殿門。”
宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲一(yi)個人(ren)被(bei)(bei)領(ling)進(jin)宮(gong)殿(dian),宣帝(di)(di)預(yu)先在另一(yi)間屋里埋(mai)伏下壯士,宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲一(yi)到,立即被(bei)(bei)抓住。宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲神色(se)不屈,陳(chen)說道(dao)理(li)。周宣帝(di)(di)讓于(yu)智與(yu)宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲對質。宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲目光灼灼,與(yu)于(yu)智相互對證。有人(ren)對宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲說:“以大王今天的(de)形勢,還(huan)用(yong)多(duo)說?”宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲答道(dao):“我(wo)位重(zhong)輩高(gao),一(yi)旦到這種地(di)步,生死聽(ting)任天命,難道(dao)還(huan)想活著?只是因為老(lao)母還(huan)在,恐怕(pa)留下遺憾罷(ba)了。”就把手板扔到地(di)上。于(yu)是周宣帝(di)(di)派人(ren)把宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲勒死,時年三(san)十五歲。
之后,北周宣(xuan)帝(di)任命于智為(wei)柱(zhu)國,封齊國公。宣(xuan)帝(di)處死宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲以后,找不(bu)出罪名,就(jiu)借口上大將(jiang)軍安邑公王(wang)興等人(ren)與宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲共謀,將(jiang)其處死。此外(wai),上開府獨孤熊、開府豆(dou)盧紹等人(ren)也被(bei)處死。當時的人(ren)知道王(wang)興等人(ren)冤枉,都說他(ta)們是陪伴宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲死的。
唐朝(chao)建中三(san)年(782年),禮儀使顏真卿(qing)向唐德宗建議,追封古代名將六十四人,并為他(ta)們設廟享奠,包括“周大冢(zhong)宰齊(qi)王宇文憲”。
北(bei)宋(song)宣和五年(1123年),宋(song)朝依照唐代慣例,為古代名將(jiang)設廟,七十(shi)二位(wei)名將(jiang)中(zhong)亦包括(kuo)宇文憲。在北(bei)宋(song)年間成書的《十(shi)七史百將(jiang)傳》中(zhong),宇文憲亦位(wei)列其中(zhong)。
宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)是北(bei)周重要將領(ling),一生中參與多次對(dui)北(bei)齊(qi)(qi)的戰爭,隨周武(wu)帝宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)邕平齊(qi)(qi),立下(xia)大功。保定(ding)三年(nian)(563年(nian))宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)護東征北(bei)齊(qi)(qi)時(shi),宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)與達奚(xi)武(wu)、王(wang)雄等人屯兵(bing)(bing)邙山(shan)。其他各(ge)軍分(fen)守險要。北(bei)齊(qi)(qi)兵(bing)(bing)數萬人,突然從(cong)北(bei)周軍后面殺(sha)出,各(ge)軍驚恐,紛紛潰散。只(zhi)有(you)宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)與王(wang)雄、達奚(xi)武(wu)率兵(bing)(bing)抵擋。宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)親自督率激勵(li),軍心才(cai)安定(ding)下(xia)來(lai)。天和(he)(he)四年(nian)(569年(nian)),北(bei)齊(qi)(qi)將領(ling)獨孤永(yong)業攻(gong)打(da)北(bei)周,宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)與柱國李(li)穆率兵(bing)(bing)從(cong)宜陽出發,修(xiu)筑崇德等五(wu)城,切斷齊(qi)(qi)軍運糧通道。天和(he)(he)五(wu)年(nian)(570年(nian)),宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)涉過洛水進攻(gong)齊(qi)(qi)軍,擊敗(bai)斛(hu)律(lv)光。
建德四年(nian)(575年(nian)),周武帝打算出兵(bing)消滅(mie)北(bei)(bei)齊。命宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)率兵(bing)二萬為前軍,向黎(li)陽推進,攻(gong)(gong)占武濟,進兵(bing)包圍(wei)洛口(kou),攻(gong)(gong)下洛口(kou)東西二城。建德五年(nian)(576年(nian)),北(bei)(bei)周大規模東征北(bei)(bei)齊。宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)率領精銳(rui)騎兵(bing)二萬人,仍擔任先鋒(feng),把守雀鼠谷。宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)占領洪洞縣、永安縣。建德六年(nian)(577年(nian)),攻(gong)(gong)占鄴(ye)城。
2020年電視劇《替嫁醫女》:張永(yong)博飾(shi)演宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲(劇中(zhong)名為宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)昭)。
令狐德棻《周書(shu)》:①“齊(qi)王奇姿(zi)杰出(chu),獨(du)牢籠(long)于(yu)前載。以(yi)介弟之(zhi)地(di),居(ju)上將(jiang)之(zhi)重(zhong),智勇冠世(shi),攻(gong)戰如神,敵(di)國系以(yi)存亡,鼎命由其(qi)(qi)(qi)輕重(zhong)。比(bi)之(zhi)異(yi)姓,則方、召、韓(han)、白,何以(yi)加茲。挾震主之(zhi)威,屬(shu)道消之(zhi)日,斯(si)人而(er)嬰(ying)斯(si)戮,君子(zi)是以(yi)知(zhi)周祚之(zhi)不永也。昔張耳(er)、陳余賓(bin)客(ke)廝役,所居(ju)皆取卿相。而(er)齊(qi)之(zhi)文(wen)武僚吏,其(qi)(qi)(qi)后亦多(duo)(duo)至臺牧(mu)。異(yi)世(shi)同(tong)符,可謂(wei)賢(xian)矣。”;②“性通敏,有度量(liang),雖在童(tong)齔,而(er)神彩嶷然。”;③“善于(yu)撫綏,留心政術,辭訟(song)輻湊,聽受不疲(pi)。”;④“憲素善謀,多(duo)(duo)算略,尤長于(yu)撫御,達于(yu)任使,摧鋒陷陣,為士卒先。群下感悅,咸為之(zhi)用。齊(qi)人夙聞威聲,無不憚(dan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)勇略。”;⑤“憲有至性,事母以(yi)孝聞。”
李(li)延(yan)壽《北(bei)史》:“以齊王之(zhi)奇姿杰(jie)出,足(zu)可牢籠于前載(zai)。處(chu)周公(gong)之(zhi)地,居上將之(zhi)重(zhong),肋冠俗,攻戰如神(shen),敵國系以存亡(wang),鼎命由其輕(qing)重(zhong)。屬道消之(zhi)日,挾(xie)震主(zhu)之(zhi)威,斯(si)人而嬰斯(si)戮,君子是以知國祚之(zhi)不永也。”
宇文泰:“此兒智識不凡(fan),當成重器。”
陳元靚(jing):“銀漢(han)分派(pai),瓊枝(zhi)擢秀。武庫橫心,兵機在手。扶(fu)齊功多(duo),安蜀(shu)政厚。國之盤維,旡(ji)出其(qi)右。”
黃道周:“憲周諸子,度量不(bu)群。文帝賜馬(ma),取駁為(wei)馴。色既出類,牧圉(yu)易分(fen)。帝嘉(jia)智(zhi)識,迥不(bu)猶人。撫(fu)蜀(shu)擇守(shou),憲即自任。既而(er)受命,綏(sui)果得民。屢(lv)與(yu)晉戰,戰必立(li)勛。或行詭道,或以名(ming)聞。或請破敵,頃(qing)刻而(er)奔。就間用間,妙若(ruo)轉(zhuan)輪。為(wei)將若(ruo)此,可謂入神。”
蔡東藩:“然當時如齊王(wang)憲輩,不(bu)能為伊霍(huo)之行(xing),徒拱手而受戮(lu),忠而近(jin)愚,亦不(bu)足(zu)取,身(shen)亡而國俱(ju)亡,此(ci)任圣之所以夐絕古今也!”
宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)泰(tai)曾賞賜給兒子們(men)良(liang)馬(ma)(ma),讓(rang)他們(men)自己選(xuan)擇。只有宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)選(xuan)了(le)一匹雜(za)色馬(ma)(ma)。宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)泰(tai)詢問,宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)答道:“這匹馬(ma)(ma)顏色特殊(shu),可能(neng)出(chu)類(lei)拔萃。如果從軍作戰,馬(ma)(ma)夫容易辨認(ren)。”宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)泰(tai)高(gao)興地(di)說(shuo):“這個(ge)孩子識見(jian)不凡,必當(dang)成(cheng)為大才(cai)。”后(hou)來(lai)隨從在隴山上打獵(lie),經過官馬(ma)(ma)牧(mu)場(chang),宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)泰(tai)每(mei)次(ci)看見(jian)雜(za)色馬(ma)(ma),都說(shuo):“這是我兒子的馬(ma)(ma)啊!”命令隨從牽來(lai),賞賜給他。
宇(yu)文(wen)憲性(xing)情(qing)淳(chun)厚(hou),侍(shi)(shi)奉(feng)母親達(da)步干氏(shi),以孝順出名。達(da)步干氏(shi)原先患有(you)風熱之病,多(duo)次發作,宇(yu)文(wen)憲衣不解(jie)帶,在身邊侍(shi)(shi)候(hou)。宇(yu)文(wen)憲有(you)時東征西戰,每次感到心驚,其母必有(you)病,便派使者馳回(hui)問(wen)候(hou),果然(ran)如此。
父母
父親:宇文(wen)泰(tai),北周文(wen)帝
母親:達步干氏
兄弟姐妹
哥哥
北周明帝宇文毓
宋獻公宇文震
北周孝閔帝宇文覺
北周武帝宇文邕
弟弟
衛剌王宇文直
趙僭王宇文招
譙孝王宇文儉
陳惑王宇文純
越野王宇文盛
代奰王宇文達
冀康王宇文通
滕聞王宇文逌
姐妹
襄陽公主,嫁竇毅,生唐朝(chao)太穆皇后。
宇文皇后,西(xi)魏廢帝元欽(qin)皇后。
義安(an)公主,嫁李(li)弼(bi)子李(li)輝。
順(shun)陽公(gong)主,嫁隋(sui)文帝弟弟滕王楊瓚。
平原公主,嫁于翼。
永富公(gong)主,嫁史寧(ning)之子史雄(xiong)。
某公主,嫁賀拔(ba)岳(yue)子賀拔(ba)緯。
某(mou)公主,嫁若干惠子(zi)若干鳳。
西河公(gong)主(zhu),嫁彭(peng)國公(gong)劉昶(chang)。
義歸公(gong)主(zhu),嫁海州刺史李基。
襄樂公主,嫁韋(wei)世康。
妻子
豆(dou)盧氏,大將軍豆(dou)盧寧之女
兒子
長子(zi):宇文貴,齊國世子(zi)。
次子:宇文質,河間郡王。
三子:宇文賨,中壩公。
四子:宇文貢,莒(ju)國公。
五子:宇文乾禧(xi),安城公。
六子:宇文乾洽,龍涸公。
《周書(shu)·卷(juan)十二·列傳第四》
《北史·卷五十八·列(lie)傳第四十六》