宇文(wen)(wen)憲(545年—578年8月(yue)16日),字毗(pi)賀突,代郡武(wu)川(chuan)(今內蒙(meng)古武(wu)川(chuan)西(xi))人,鮮卑族,北(bei)周(zhou)文(wen)(wen)帝宇文(wen)(wen)泰之子,母(mu)為宇文(wen)(wen)泰妃達步干(gan)氏。周(zhou)孝閔帝、周(zhou)明帝、周(zhou)武(wu)帝異母(mu)弟。
宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)初封涪城縣公(gong),后晉(jin)封安城郡公(gong)。孝閔帝即(ji)位,授(shou)任驃騎大(da)(da)將軍(jun)、開府儀同(tong)三司。明帝即(ji)位,授(shou)任大(da)(da)將軍(jun)。武(wu)成初年(nian)(nian),任益(yi)州(zhou)總(zong)管兼(jian)益(yi)、寧、巴、瀘等二十(shi)四州(zhou)諸軍(jun)事及益(yi)州(zhou)刺史(shi),晉(jin)封齊(qi)國公(gong),食邑一萬戶。十(shi)六歲(sui)時(shi),鎮服蜀(shu)(shu)地,蜀(shu)(shu)人感激他共同(tong)立碑,稱頌其功(gong)德(de)。保定(ding)年(nian)(nian)間,征召回京,任雍州(zhou)牧。其后多次擊敗北齊(qi)軍(jun)。建(jian)德(de)六年(nian)(nian)(577年(nian)(nian)),北周滅亡(wang)北齊(qi),宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)發揮了很大(da)(da)作用。宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)善(shan)(shan)計謀,多策略,尤擅安撫駕馭(yu)部屬,知人善(shan)(shan)任,沖(chong)鋒陷(xian)陣,身先士卒,部眾(zhong)對(dui)他心(xin)悅誠(cheng)服,都愿(yuan)為他效力。建(jian)德(de)六年(nian)(nian)(577年(nian)(nian))滅亡(wang)北齊(qi)后,宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)自(zi)感威名日大(da)(da),就暗自(zi)隱退(tui)。
建德(de)七年(578年)五月(yue),周武(wu)帝(di)死后,即位的周宣(xuan)帝(di)認(ren)為(wei)齊王(wang)宇(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)身(shen)為(wei)皇叔,輩分高而名望大(da),對他(ta)十(shi)(shi)分忌恨(hen),宣(xuan)政元(yuan)年(578年)將(jiang)其殺害(hai),時年三十(shi)(shi)五歲,謚號齊煬王(wang)。
西魏(wei)大(da)統十一年(nian)(545年(nian)),宇文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲出生(sheng),字毗賀突,代郡武川(今內蒙古武川西)人(ren),北周文(wen)(wen)(wen)帝(di)宇文(wen)(wen)(wen)泰第五子(zi),北周孝(xiao)閔帝(di)宇文(wen)(wen)(wen)覺、明帝(di)宇文(wen)(wen)(wen)毓、武帝(di)宇文(wen)(wen)(wen)邕的異母弟(di),母為(wei)達步干氏。
宇文(wen)憲性格通達機(ji)敏,有氣量,雖在幼年(nian),而神色(se)嚴峻(jun)。初封涪城縣(xian)公(gong)。少年(nian)時(shi)與宇文(wen)邕一(yi)起學習《詩經》、《春秋》,都能綜合要點(dian),得其旨意。
西魏恭帝(di)元年(554年),晉封安(an)城郡公。北周孝(xiao)閔帝(di)宇(yu)文(wen)覺即位后,授開府儀同三(san)司。周明帝(di)宇(yu)文(wen)毓即位,授任大將軍(jun)。武成(559年—560年)初年,被(bei)任命(ming)為益州(zhou)(zhou)總(zong)管、都督益寧巴瀘等二十(shi)四州(zhou)(zhou)諸軍(jun)事(shi)、益州(zhou)(zhou)刺史,晉封齊國公,食(shi)邑一萬(wan)戶。
當(dang)初,在(zai)平定(ding)蜀地(di)之后,宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)泰認為(wei)那里形(xing)勢險要(yao),不愿(yuan)讓(rang)老將去鎮守(shou),想在(zai)兒子(zi)們中(zhong)挑選(xuan)人選(xuan)。遍問宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)邕(yong)以(yi)下,誰(shui)能當(dang)此重(zhong)任(ren)。大(da)家還沒有(you)來得(de)及回答(da),而(er)(er)宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)首先(xian)請命。宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)泰說:“刺史(shi)應當(dang)安撫部(bu)眾,治理百姓,不是你所(suo)能干的。按年(nian)齡(ling)授官(guan),應當(dang)先(xian)輪著你的哥(ge)哥(ge)們。”宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)答(da)道:“才能有(you)所(suo)不同,而(er)(er)與(yu)年(nian)齡(ling)大(da)小(xiao)無關。如果試而(er)(er)無效(xiao),甘心(xin)當(dang)面(mian)受責備(bei)。”宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)泰十(shi)分高興,但由于宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)年(nian)齡(ling)還小(xiao),沒有(you)派他。到這(zhe)時(shi)明帝遵(zun)照宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)泰的從(cong)前意思,所(suo)以(yi)讓(rang)宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)前往蜀地(di)任(ren)職。宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)當(dang)時(shi)十(shi)六歲,善于安撫駕馭部(bu)屬,留心(xin)治理之術,訴(su)訟集中(zhong)在(zai)一身,而(er)(er)理政不見(jian)疲(pi)倦。蜀人非常感激他,共(gong)同立碑(bei),稱頌他的功德(de)。不久(jiu)升任(ren)柱國。
保(bao)定(ding)年間(561年—565年),宇文憲被征召(zhao)回京,任雍州(zhou)牧。晉(jin)公宇文護東伐北(bei)齊(qi)時(shi),以尉(wei)遲迥為先鋒,包圍(wei)洛陽。宇文憲與達奚(xi)武、王(wang)(wang)雄等人屯兵(bing)(bing)邙(mang)山。其他各軍(jun)(jun)分守險要。北(bei)齊(qi)兵(bing)(bing)數萬(wan)人,突然從北(bei)周(zhou)軍(jun)(jun)后面殺(sha)出,各軍(jun)(jun)驚恐(kong),紛紛潰(kui)散。只有宇文憲與王(wang)(wang)雄、達奚(xi)武率(lv)兵(bing)(bing)抵擋。王(wang)(wang)雄被齊(qi)軍(jun)(jun)殺(sha)死,三軍(jun)(jun)震恐(kong)。宇文憲親自督率(lv)激勵,軍(jun)(jun)心才安定(ding)下來(lai)。當時(shi)宇文護執(zhi)掌大權,對他十分信任,賞罰之(zhi)事,都得以參(can)與。
天和(he)三年(nian)(568年(nian)),任命宇(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)(xian)為(wei)大司馬(ma),兼任小冢宰,仍擔任雍州牧(mu)。天和(he)四年(nian)(569年(nian)),北齊(qi)(qi)將領(ling)獨孤永業(ye)前(qian)來侵犯,強(qiang)盜殺死(si)孔(kong)城(cheng)防主能奔達,據(ju)城(cheng)響(xiang)應齊(qi)(qi)軍(jun)(jun)。詔(zhao)命宇(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)(xian)與(yu)柱國李穆(mu)率(lv)(lv)兵從宜陽出(chu)發(fa),修筑(zhu)崇(chong)德等五城(cheng),切斷齊(qi)(qi)軍(jun)(jun)運(yun)糧通道。北齊(qi)(qi)將領(ling)斛律光率(lv)(lv)軍(jun)(jun)四萬,在洛(luo)水以南筑(zhu)起(qi)營壘。天和(he)五年(nian)(570年(nian)),宇(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)(xian)涉(she)過洛(luo)水進攻齊(qi)(qi)軍(jun)(jun),斛律光逃走。宇(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)(xian)追擊(ji)到安業(ye),多次(ci)交戰(zhan)后(hou)才回(hui)來。
同(tong)(tong)(tong)年,斛(hu)律光(guang)親(qin)率大軍(jun)(jun)在汾(fen)水北岸修城,向(xiang)西直到龍門(men)。宇文護(hu)對宇文憲(xian)(xian)說:“盜(dao)賊遍(bian)地,軍(jun)(jun)馬縱橫,使戰場(chang)之(zhi)上,百姓困苦。豈(qi)能(neng)坐(zuo)視百姓被大肆(si)殺戮,而(er)不想法解救?你(ni)說用什么(me)計策?”宇文憲(xian)(xian)答道:“依我(wo)看(kan),兄長應當(dang)暫(zan)且(qie)從同(tong)(tong)(tong)州出兵,以作為威(wei)懾,我(wo)請求以精銳(rui)軍(jun)(jun)隊在前,根(gen)據情況進攻。不僅邊境可以安寧(ning),而(er)且(qie)能(neng)夠另(ling)有所獲。”宇文護(hu)表示同(tong)(tong)(tong)意。
天(tian)和六年(nian)(571年(nian)),派宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)(xian)率兵二(er)萬,從(cong)龍門出發。北(bei)齊(qi)(qi)將領(ling)新(xin)蔡王(wang)王(wang)康德由(you)于(yu)宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)(xian)兵到,連夜(ye)率軍悄(qiao)悄(qiao)逃跑。宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)(xian)于(yu)是向(xiang)西返回(hui)。又(you)掘開汾水,使河水向(xiang)南淹沒(mei)齊(qi)(qi)軍營壘(lei),率軍重新(xin)進入(ru)北(bei)齊(qi)(qi)境(jing)內。齊(qi)(qi)人(ren)以(yi)為(wei)宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)(xian)難以(yi)深入(ru),就放松了(le)邊(bian)防戒備(bei)。宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)(xian)于(yu)是渡過黃(huang)河,進攻(gong)伏龍等四(si)城(cheng),兩(liang)天(tian)內全部占(zhan)(zhan)領(ling)。又(you)攻(gong)克張壁,繳獲其(qi)軍用物資,將城(cheng)壘(lei)平掉。當時(shi)斛律光(guang)在華谷,無法救援,就向(xiang)北(bei)攻(gong)占(zhan)(zhan)了(le)姚襄城(cheng)。這時(shi)汾州已久(jiu)被(bei)(bei)圍困,運糧通道(dao)被(bei)(bei)截(jie)斷(duan)。宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)(xian)派柱國(guo)宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)盛運粟接濟。宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)(xian)自己(ji)經過兩(liang)乳谷,襲擊(ji)北(bei)齊(qi)(qi)的柏社(she)城(cheng),將其(qi)占(zhan)(zhan)領(ling),又(you)向(xiang)姚襄城(cheng)推進。齊(qi)(qi)人(ren)據城(cheng)死守。宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)(xian)令柱國(guo)、譚(tan)公宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)會修建石殿(dian)城(cheng),作為(wei)汾州后(hou)援。北(bei)齊(qi)(qi)平原(yuan)王(wang)段韶、蘭陵王(wang)高長恭(gong)率大軍抵達,宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)(xian)命令將士結(jie)陣以(yi)待。大將軍韓歡被(bei)(bei)齊(qi)(qi)人(ren)偷襲,部屬奔逃,宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)(xian)親自督戰,齊(qi)(qi)軍稍退。天(tian)色已晚,雙(shuang)方各自收兵。
宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)護(hu)被(bei)處(chu)(chu)死以(yi)(yi)后,周武(wu)(wu)帝宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)邕召宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)(xian)入朝(chao),宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)(xian)免冠請罪。周武(wu)(wu)帝對他說:“天下(xia)是太(tai)祖(宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)泰)的(de)天下(xia),朕(zhen)繼守大(da)(da)業,常恐丟失。宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)護(hu)目中(zhong)無君,欺(qi)凌君上,打(da)算反(fan)叛(pan),因(yin)此(ci)朕(zhen)將他處(chu)(chu)死,以(yi)(yi)安定國家。你(ni)與我(wo)本是親兄(xiong)弟,同甘共苦,此(ci)事與你(ni)無關,為(wei)什么還要請罪?”詔(zhao)命宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)(xian)前往宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)護(hu)宅第,收繳兵符(fu)、文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)書(shu)等物。隨即任命宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)(xian)為(wei)大(da)(da)冢宰。這時武(wu)(wu)帝已(yi)經親理朝(chao)政(zheng),打(da)算整頓政(zheng)治(zhi),統一刑令(ling),即便牽(qian)涉(she)到宗(zong)室中(zhong)人,也(ye)(ye)不(bu)加以(yi)(yi)寬容。宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)(xian)原來被(bei)宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)護(hu)所(suo)(suo)重用(yong),從天和年間以(yi)(yi)后,威(wei)勢(shi)漸大(da)(da)。宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)護(hu)欲有(you)(you)所(suo)(suo)言(yan),大(da)(da)多令(ling)宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)(xian)上奏。皇(huang)帝有(you)(you)允許的(de),也(ye)(ye)有(you)(you)不(bu)同意的(de),宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)(xian)擔心(xin)皇(huang)帝同丞相之間互相猜忌,每(mei)次都是委(wei)婉地說清意思。武(wu)(wu)帝也(ye)(ye)知道他的(de)用(yong)心(xin),所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)得以(yi)(yi)免禍。可是仍然因(yin)為(wei)他威(wei)名太(tai)大(da)(da),始終放心(xin)不(bu)下(xia),雖然遙授冢宰之職,實際上奪(duo)去(qu)了他的(de)權(quan)力。
開府裴文(wen)(wen)(wen)舉(ju)是(shi)宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲的(de)侍讀(du),武帝經常駕臨內殿,接(jie)見裴文(wen)(wen)(wen)舉(ju)。武帝對(dui)他(ta)說(shuo)(shuo):“宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)護(hu)反叛的(de)跡象,朝野均知,我(wo)之(zhi)所以含淚將他(ta)處死,是(shi)為了(le)(le)安定國(guo)家,有利百姓。從前北魏末年動亂,太祖輔佐元氏(shi);周朝上承天(tian)命,宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)護(hu)才(cai)執掌大權(quan)。積久而成(cheng)的(de)習(xi)慣(guan),變成(cheng)了(le)(le)常規,就(jiu)認為政令應當(dang)這樣。難道(dao)(dao)有三十歲的(de)天(tian)子(zi)還(huan)要(yao)被(bei)人(ren)制約嗎?況且近代以來(lai)(lai),還(huan)有一(yi)種弊病,曾(ceng)經暫為部(bu)屬的(de),就(jiu)禮敬上級猶如君(jun)(jun)王。這是(shi)擾亂社會的(de)權(quan)宜之(zhi)法,不(bu)是(shi)治理國(guo)家的(de)辦(ban)法。《詩經》說(shuo)(shuo):‘日夜(ye)不(bu)敢懈怠,用(yong)來(lai)(lai)服侍一(yi)人(ren)。’一(yi)人(ren),只能是(shi)天(tian)子(zi)。你雖然陪侍齊公宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲,但不(bu)能形(xing)同(tong)君(jun)(jun)臣(chen)(chen)。再說(shuo)(shuo)太祖有十個兒子(zi),難道(dao)(dao)都能當(dang)天(tian)子(zi)?你應當(dang)用(yong)做(zuo)人(ren)的(de)正道(dao)(dao)來(lai)(lai)規勸齊公,使我(wo)們(men)(men)君(jun)(jun)臣(chen)(chen)和(he)睦,骨肉融洽(qia),不(bu)要(yao)讓我(wo)們(men)(men)兄(xiong)弟之(zhi)間互相(xiang)猜疑。”裴文(wen)(wen)(wen)舉(ju)拜謝而出,回(hui)來(lai)(lai)告訴(su)宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲。宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲手撫幾(ji)案(an),指著心道(dao)(dao):“我(wo)向來(lai)(lai)的(de)心意,您難道(dao)(dao)不(bu)清楚(chu)嗎?只有盡忠(zhong)效命,還(huan)有什么話說(shuo)(shuo)?”
建德三年(nian)(574年(nian)),宇文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)晉爵為(wei)(wei)王(wang)。宇文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)的朋友劉休征獻上《王(wang)箴(zhen)(zhen)》一(yi)首,宇文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)十分贊(zan)美。后來(lai),劉休征又把《王(wang)箴(zhen)(zhen)》獻給武(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)。武(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)正想(xiang)削弱他的幾個弟弟的勢(shi)力,很喜歡這篇箴(zhen)(zhen)言。宇文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)常(chang)常(chang)感到兵(bing)書內容(rong)繁雜廣(guang)泛,難求要旨,就自己編定為(wei)(wei)《要略》五篇,上表(biao)(biao)陳述。武(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)讀(du)后表(biao)(biao)示稱(cheng)贊(zan)。當年(nian)秋天,武(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)駕臨云陽(yang)宮,臥病在床(chuang)。衛(wei)王(wang)宇文(wen)(wen)(wen)直在京城(cheng)舉兵(bing)叛亂(luan)。武(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)召見(jian)宇文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian),對他說:“衛(wei)王(wang)反叛,你知道(dao)(dao)嗎(ma)?”宇文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)答道(dao)(dao):“微臣原來(lai)不(bu)知道(dao)(dao),如(ru)(ru)今才見(jian)到詔書。宇文(wen)(wen)(wen)直違背天命,就是自取滅(mie)亡。”武(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)說:“你即刻(ke)作為(wei)(wei)前(qian)鋒(feng),我也隨后出發(fa)。”字(zi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)直不(bu)久敗逃(tao)。武(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)抵達京師,宇文(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)和趙王(wang)宇文(wen)(wen)(wen)招都入(ru)朝拜謝。武(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)說:“從前(qian)管叔鮮、蔡叔度(du)被殺,而周公卻輔佐周成(cheng)王(wang)完成(cheng)大業(ye),人(ren)心不(bu)同,猶如(ru)(ru)人(ren)的外(wai)貌各不(bu)一(yi)樣。我只慚愧兄弟之(zhi)間動兵(bing),這是我的不(bu)足(zu)之(zhi)處。”
當(dang)初,宇文(wen)直(zhi)內(nei)心(xin)十(shi)分忌恨宇文(wen)憲,宇文(wen)憲權當(dang)不知,對他(ta)容讓(rang)。又(you)因他(ta)是(shi)(shi)武帝(di)(di)同(tong)母之弟,更加友愛(ai)(ai)尊敬。處死宇文(wen)護時,宇文(wen)直(zhi)堅持(chi)請求罪及宇文(wen)憲。武帝(di)(di)說:“齊公(gong)宇文(wen)憲的心(xin)跡,我(wo)(wo)全(quan)都(dou)清(qing)楚,不得再(zai)(zai)有懷疑。”武帝(di)(di)的母親(qin)叱奴太(tai)后去世后,宇文(wen)直(zhi)又(you)秘(mi)密報告(gao)道:“宇文(wen)憲喝酒吃肉,與平時沒(mei)有區別(bie)。”武帝(di)(di)說:“我(wo)(wo)同(tong)齊王不是(shi)(shi)一母所生,都(dou)不是(shi)(shi)嫡子,他(ta)為了(le)我(wo)(wo),而特別(bie)自我(wo)(wo)約束。你應當(dang)感(gan)到(dao)慚愧,有什(shen)么理由再(zai)(zai)去議論他(ta)的對錯(cuo)?你是(shi)(shi)太(tai)后最喜歡的兒子,承(cheng)蒙慈(ci)愛(ai)(ai)。如今只須自勉(mian),不要再(zai)(zai)沒(mei)有根據地亂說別(bie)人。”宇文(wen)直(zhi)才不再(zai)(zai)說什(shen)么。
建德四年(nian)(nian)(575年(nian)(nian)),武(wu)帝(di)打算東(dong)征北齊,只同內(nei)史王(wang)誼(yi)商(shang)議此(ci)(ci)事,其他(ta)人都不知(zhi)道。后來認為(wei)諸弟的(de)(de)才(cai)能(neng)(neng)謀(mou)(mou)略(lve),沒有超過宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)(xian)的(de)(de),才(cai)告(gao)訴他(ta)。宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)(xian)當即(ji)贊同東(dong)征。大軍(jun)(jun)(jun)準備出發(fa)時,宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)(xian)上表(biao)獻(xian)出自己的(de)(de)財產以贊助軍(jun)(jun)(jun)費(fei)說(shuo)(shuo):“我(wo)(wo)聽說(shuo)(shuo)把(ba)握機(ji)(ji)會適應(ying)(ying)氣(qi)運,理應(ying)(ying)借(jie)(jie)助時機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)到(dao)來,兼并弱(ruo)小(xiao)攻(gong)(gong)擊愚昧,要憑借(jie)(jie)隨機(ji)(ji)應(ying)(ying)變的(de)(de)謀(mou)(mou)略(lve)。希望(wang)陛(bi)下(xia)(xia)保(bao)持和振興圣明(ming),開(kai)創大業弘揚(yang)教化,順從天意,恢弘武(wu)略(lve)。才(cai)能(neng)(neng)使兇惡被剪除,天下(xia)(xia)大同,軍(jun)(jun)(jun)民人心歸附,車軌文(wen)字統一(yi)。我(wo)(wo)私下(xia)(xia)以為(wei)龍旗飄(piao)動,天網密布(bu),糧草物資(zi)(zi),也許需(xu)要供給。從前(qian)邊境沒有平靜,卜式自愿獻(xian)出家中財產;天下(xia)(xia)混亂,衛茲請求獻(xian)出自己的(de)(de)粟米。我(wo)(wo)雖然愚笨,但怎(zen)敢忘(wang)記效仿他(ta)們(men)。恭(gong)敬地獻(xian)上金銀財寶等十六件,稍稍資(zi)(zi)助軍(jun)(jun)(jun)需(xu)。”武(wu)帝(di)詔(zhao)命(ming)不予接受,并拿宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)(xian)作榜樣(yang),對公卿們(men)說(shuo)(shuo):“臣子應(ying)(ying)當如此(ci)(ci),我(wo)(wo)看重他(ta)的(de)(de)心意,難道還需(xu)要他(ta)的(de)(de)東(dong)西(xi)嗎?”于(yu)是詔(zhao)命(ming)宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)(xian)率兵二萬(wan)為(wei)前(qian)軍(jun)(jun)(jun),向黎陽推進。武(wu)帝(di)親(qin)自圍攻(gong)(gong)河陰,未能(neng)(neng)攻(gong)(gong)下(xia)(xia)。宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)(xian)攻(gong)(gong)占武(wu)濟,進兵包圍洛口(kou),攻(gong)(gong)下(xia)(xia)洛口(kou)東(dong)西(xi)二城。因為(wei)武(wu)帝(di)患病而撤軍(jun)(jun)(jun)返回。同年(nian)(nian),開(kai)始設置上柱國(guo)官職,讓宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)(xian)擔任。
建德五年(576年),大規模東征北(bei)(bei)齊(qi)。宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)率(lv)(lv)(lv)領(ling)精銳騎兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)二萬人(ren)(ren),仍(reng)擔任先鋒,把守(shou)雀(que)鼠谷。武帝(di)親(qin)(qin)(qin)自(zi)(zi)圍(wei)攻晉(jin)州。宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)向前推進(jin),占領(ling)洪同、永(yong)安(an)(an)(an)二城(cheng),打算擴大戰果。齊(qi)人(ren)(ren)燒(shao)毀橋梁,固守(shou)險要(yao),周軍(jun)(jun)無法前進(jin),于是屯集在永(yong)安(an)(an)(an)。齊(qi)后(hou)主高緯(wei)聽(ting)說晉(jin)州被圍(wei),就率(lv)(lv)(lv)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)十萬,親(qin)(qin)(qin)自(zi)(zi)來援。當(dang)時,柱國(guo)、陳王(wang)宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)純(chun)駐軍(jun)(jun)千里(li)徑,大將軍(jun)(jun)、永(yong)昌公宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)椿(chun)(chun)屯兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)雞棲原,大將軍(jun)(jun)宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)盛(sheng)把守(shou)汾水關(guan),都(dou)受(shou)宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)指(zhi)揮(hui)。宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)悄悄對宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)椿(chun)(chun)說:“用兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)講究欺騙,去留不(bu)定,見機而(er)行,不(bu)能(neng)死守(shou)常規。你安(an)(an)(an)營時,不(bu)要(yao)支起(qi)帳(zhang)幕,可以(yi)(yi)砍伐柏(bo)樹搭(da)成(cheng)小庵,以(yi)(yi)示有(you)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)。這樣,軍(jun)(jun)隊(dui)(dui)離開以(yi)(yi)后(hou),敵(di)軍(jun)(jun)還會起(qi)疑(yi)。”這時,北(bei)(bei)齊(qi)后(hou)主高緯(wei)分(fen)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)一萬進(jin)攻千里(li)徑,又命(ming)令部屬出汾水關(guan),自(zi)(zi)己親(qin)(qin)(qin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)大軍(jun)(jun)與宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)椿(chun)(chun)交戰。宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)盛(sheng)派騎士告(gao)急,宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)自(zi)(zi)率(lv)(lv)(lv)騎兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)千人(ren)(ren)援助。齊(qi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)遠遠看見谷中飛塵揚(yang)起(qi),急忙相繼退去。宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)盛(sheng)與柱國(guo)侯(hou)莫(mo)陳芮涉過汾水追擊,斬(zhan)殺不(bu)少齊(qi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)。不(bu)久,宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)椿(chun)(chun)報告(gao)齊(qi)軍(jun)(jun)漸(jian)漸(jian)逼近,宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)又回兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)救(jiu)援。恰巧(qiao)宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)椿(chun)(chun)被命(ming)令撤軍(jun)(jun),就率(lv)(lv)(lv)軍(jun)(jun)乘夜返回。齊(qi)人(ren)(ren)果然認為柏(bo)庵是軍(jun)(jun)隊(dui)(dui)營帳(zhang),沒(mei)有(you)懷疑(yi)周軍(jun)(jun)已退,一直到第二天才明(ming)白上了當(dang)。
當(dang)時武帝已經離開(kai)晉州,留下宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文憲(xian)(xian)(xian)為(wei)后(hou)衛。高緯(wei)親(qin)自(zi)率軍來追,抵達高梁橋(qiao)。宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文憲(xian)(xian)(xian)率領(ling)精銳騎兵二千人,隔河(he)布成陣(zhen)勢。北齊領(ling)軍段(duan)(duan)(duan)暢(chang)(chang)一直進(jin)到橋(qiao)頭。宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文憲(xian)(xian)(xian)隔河(he)招呼段(duan)(duan)(duan)暢(chang)(chang),同他交談。宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文憲(xian)(xian)(xian)問(wen)段(duan)(duan)(duan)暢(chang)(chang)道:“你叫什么(me)名字?”段(duan)(duan)(duan)暢(chang)(chang)答(da)道:“我(wo)是(shi)(shi)領(ling)軍段(duan)(duan)(duan)暢(chang)(chang)。您是(shi)(shi)誰?”宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文憲(xian)(xian)(xian)回答(da)說:“我(wo)是(shi)(shi)虞侯(hou)大都督。”段(duan)(duan)(duan)暢(chang)(chang)說:“聽您的(de)言談,不(bu)是(shi)(shi)一般的(de)人,今朝相見,為(wei)什么(me)隱瞞姓名官職(zhi)?”陳(chen)王(wang)宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文純(chun)、梁國公侯(hou)莫陳(chen)芮、內史王(wang)誼等人都在(zai)宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文憲(xian)(xian)(xian)身(shen)邊(bian)。段(duan)(duan)(duan)暢(chang)(chang)問(wen)個不(bu)停。宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文憲(xian)(xian)(xian)才(cai)說:“我(wo)是(shi)(shi)天子的(de)弟(di)弟(di)齊王(wang)。”又指著陳(chen)王(wang)等人,把(ba)他們的(de)姓名封(feng)號一一告(gao)訴(su)段(duan)(duan)(duan)暢(chang)(chang)。段(duan)(duan)(duan)暢(chang)(chang)打馬而去,宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文憲(xian)(xian)(xian)立即命(ming)令(ling)撤軍,不(bu)料齊人突然(ran)追來,兵勢勁銳。宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文憲(xian)(xian)(xian)與(yu)開(kai)府宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文忻各(ge)率精選騎兵一百人殿(dian)后(hou)抵擋,斬其猛將賀蘭(lan)豹子、山褥瑰等一百余人,齊軍才(cai)退去。宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文憲(xian)(xian)(xian)渡過汾(fen)水,在(zai)玉壁趕(gan)上武帝。
武帝(di)(di)又(you)(you)命令宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)(xian)率(lv)兵(bing)六萬,回(hui)援(yuan)晉(jin)(jin)州(zhou)。宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)(xian)率(lv)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)推進(jin),在(zai)涑水扎營。高(gao)(gao)緯圍攻晉(jin)(jin)州(zhou),日夜(ye)不停(ting)。回(hui)來的(de)間(jian)諜,有(you)的(de)說(shuo)晉(jin)(jin)州(zhou)已經陷落。宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)(xian)派遣柱國(guo)越王宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)盛、大將軍(jun)(jun)(jun)尉(wei)遲迥、開府宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)神舉等率(lv)領輕(qing)裝騎兵(bing)一萬人(ren),連(lian)夜(ye)趕到(dao)(dao)晉(jin)(jin)州(zhou)。宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)(xian)進(jin)兵(bing)據守(shou)蒙(meng)坑,作為(wei)(wei)(wei)后援(yuan),得知晉(jin)(jin)州(zhou)沒(mei)(mei)有(you)陷落,就又(you)(you)回(hui)到(dao)(dao)涑水。武帝(di)(di)隨即東(dong)去,駐軍(jun)(jun)(jun)高(gao)(gao)顯,宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)(xian)率(lv)領部(bu)屬,先向(xiang)晉(jin)(jin)州(zhou)推進(jin)。次日,諸軍(jun)(jun)(jun)會(hui)合,漸逼城下。齊人(ren)也出動大軍(jun)(jun)(jun),在(zai)周軍(jun)(jun)(jun)營地(di)以(yi)南布成(cheng)陣(zhen)勢。武帝(di)(di)召宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)(xian)騎馬前(qian)往(wang)察看(kan)。宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)(xian)回(hui)來報(bao)告說(shuo):“這(zhe)個好對付,請打敗敵軍(jun)(jun)(jun)后再(zai)吃(chi)飯(fan)。”武帝(di)(di)高(gao)(gao)興地(di)說(shuo):“如果(guo)像你說(shuo)的(de)那樣,我(wo)(wo)就沒(mei)(mei)有(you)憂(you)慮了。”宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)(xian)退下后,內(nei)史(shi)柳虬悄悄對他(ta)說(shuo):“敵軍(jun)(jun)(jun)并不少,大王怎(zen)么能輕(qing)視他(ta)們?”宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)(xian)說(shuo):“我(wo)(wo)被委任(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)前(qian)鋒,為(wei)(wei)(wei)國(guo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)家,掃(sao)蕩這(zhe)些殘敵,猶(you)如摧枯拉朽。商(shang)朝(chao)、周朝(chao)的(de)事(shi),您(nin)是知道的(de),賊(zei)兵(bing)雖多,能把我(wo)(wo)怎(zen)么樣?”不久,各(ge)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)一塊進(jin)擊(ji),齊軍(jun)(jun)(jun)立(li)即潰(kui)不成(cheng)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)。當夜(ye),高(gao)(gao)緯逃走,宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)(xian)率(lv)輕(qing)裝騎兵(bing)追擊(ji)。追到(dao)(dao)永安時(shi),武帝(di)(di)也隨后趕到(dao)(dao)。齊人(ren)收集(ji)殘兵(bing),又(you)(you)據守(shou)高(gao)(gao)壁、洛(luo)女寨(zhai)。武帝(di)(di)命令宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)憲(xian)(xian)(xian)進(jin)攻洛(luo)女寨(zhai),將其占領。次日,在(zai)介休與大軍(jun)(jun)(jun)會(hui)師。
當時高緯已敗走(zou)鄴(ye)城,留其堂(tang)兄安德王高延宗(zong)(zong)據守并(bing)州(zhou)(zhou)。高延宗(zong)(zong)趁機(ji)自立為(wei)帝,出兵(bing)(bing)(bing)抗拒。武(wu)(wu)(wu)帝進(jin)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)包圍并(bing)州(zhou)(zhou),宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)進(jin)攻城西。武(wu)(wu)(wu)帝城中遇伏,鏖戰至深夜(ye)僅以身(shen)免(mian)。逃出城后,疲(pi)累的(de)武(wu)(wu)(wu)帝欲撤兵(bing)(bing)(bing),宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)與王誼力勸(quan)方免(mian)。次日再戰,高延宗(zong)(zong)逃走(zou),被追上活捉。由于(yu)戰功,晉(jin)封第二子(zi)安城公(gong)宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)質為(wei)河(he)間王,任(ren)命(ming)第三子(zi)宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)賨為(wei)大(da)將軍(jun)。仍然詔(zhao)命(ming)宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)憲(xian)先(xian)行(xing)進(jin)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)鄴(ye)城。次年(577年),攻占鄴(ye)城。
北齊(qi)任城王(wang)(wang)高(gao)湝(jie)、廣寧王(wang)(wang)高(gao)孝珩等人據守信(xin)都(dou),擁(yong)兵數萬。武(wu)帝又詔命宇(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)討(tao)伐。令(ling)高(gao)緯親自寫(xie)(xie)信(xin)給高(gao)湝(jie)說(shuo):“朝(chao)廷(ting)待我(wo)(wo)寬厚,諸王(wang)(wang)都(dou)好。叔父(fu)如果放下(xia)武(wu)器,則一(yi)定(ding)都(dou)會受到優待。”高(gao)湝(jie)拒不收信(xin),反而(er)大肆召募賞賜(si),多給金帛,和(he)尚(shang)要求當(dang)兵的,就(jiu)有數千人。宇(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)率軍經過(guo)趙州(zhou)時(shi),高(gao)湝(jie)派兩名(ming)間諜(die)前去偵察,被巡邏騎(qi)兵捉住,報告宇(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)。宇(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)就(jiu)把(ba)北齊(qi)的舊將(jiang)都(dou)召集在一(yi)起,讓這兩名(ming)間諜(die)一(yi)一(yi)看過(guo)。宇(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)對(dui)這兩名(ming)間諜(die)說(shuo):“我(wo)(wo)要爭的是大事(shi),不在你(ni)們(men)。放你(ni)們(men)回去,可以(yi)當(dang)我(wo)(wo)的使者。”于是寫(xie)(xie)信(xin)給高(gao)湝(jie),敦促他投降。
宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)到(dao)信都,高(gao)(gao)湝在城南(nan)布下(xia)陣地,宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)登(deng)上(shang)張耳墳遠遠觀察。不一會兒(er),高(gao)(gao)湝的領(ling)軍尉相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)愿(yuan)(yuan)假裝(zhuang)出來(lai)巡視(shi)陣勢,率領(ling)部屬投降。尉相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)愿(yuan)(yuan)是高(gao)(gao)湝的親(qin)信,眾人驚恐。高(gao)(gao)湝大怒,殺死(si)尉相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)愿(yuan)(yuan)的妻子(zi)和(he)孩子(zi)。次日再戰,周軍大勝,俘虜、斬殺共三萬人,活捉(zhuo)高(gao)(gao)湝、高(gao)(gao)孝(xiao)珩(heng)等人。宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)對高(gao)(gao)湝說:“任(ren)城王(wang)何苦(ku)如(ru)此?”高(gao)(gao)湝答道:“我是神武帝的兒(er)子(zi),兄弟十五人,只有我還僥(jiao)幸(xing)活著(zhu)。時逢(feng)國家敗滅,即使(shi)雖(sui)死(si),也無愧祖先。”宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)贊賞高(gao)(gao)湝的氣節,命令釋放(fang)他的妻子(zi)和(he)孩子(zi),多給(gei)錢財。又審問高(gao)(gao)孝(xiao)珩(heng)。高(gao)(gao)孝(xiao)珩(heng)陳述北(bei)齊危難,邊(bian)(bian)說邊(bian)(bian)哭,舉(ju)止不失(shi)風度,宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)也為(wei)之感動。
宇文憲素(su)來善于計謀,多有策略,尤其擅長安撫駕馭部屬(shu),知人(ren)善任,沖(chong)鋒(feng)陷陣,身(shen)先士卒,部眾感(gan)動,心悅誠服,都為他(ta)(ta)效力。齊(qi)人(ren)早(zao)就聽(ting)說他(ta)(ta)的(de)威名聲(sheng)望,都害怕他(ta)(ta)的(de)勇敢謀略。并州大捷(jie)之后,在(zai)齊(qi)境長驅(qu)直(zhi)入(ru),不侵(qin)擾百姓(xing),將士沒(mei)有私蓄。
當初,稽胡人劉沒鐸自(zi)稱皇帝,又詔命(ming)宇文(wen)憲督率趙(zhao)王宇文(wen)招等人將其討平(ping)。宇文(wen)憲自(zi)感(gan)威(wei)名越(yue)(yue)來越(yue)(yue)大,暗自(zi)考慮隱退。武(wu)(wu)帝準備親征北部蠻族(zu)時,就以有(you)病推辭。武(wu)(wu)帝變色道:“你若害怕遠征,讓我用誰?”宇文(wen)憲害怕,答道:“微臣侍(shi)奉陛(bi)下,實(shi)在是(shi)誠(cheng)心(xin)誠(cheng)意,只是(shi)身(shen)患(huan)疾病,無法領(ling)兵(bing)。”武(wu)(wu)帝答應了他的請求。
建德七年(nian)(578年(nian)),北周武帝駕崩,北周宣(xuan)(xuan)帝宇(yu)文(wen)赟即(ji)位(wei)(wei)。北宣(xuan)(xuan)帝認為叔父(fu)宇(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)輩分(fen)(fen)高(gao)而(er)名望大(da),擔(dan)心(xin)成為第(di)二個宇(yu)文(wen)護,對他十分(fen)(fen)忌恨害(hai)怕。當(dang)(dang)時武帝尚未安(an)葬,諸(zhu)(zhu)王在朝(chao)內守(shou)靈。司衛長孫覽總(zong)管軍隊,輔(fu)佐朝(chao)政,擔(dan)心(xin)諸(zhu)(zhu)王有叛變意圖,經上奏,命(ming)(ming)令開(kai)府于(yu)智偵(zhen)伺(si)諸(zhu)(zhu)王動靜。安(an)葬武帝后,諸(zhu)(zhu)王各回府第(di)。宣(xuan)(xuan)帝又命(ming)(ming)令于(yu)智到宇(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)宅第(di)等(deng)候宇(yu)文(wen)憲(xian),趁機告發他另有圖謀(mou)。宣(xuan)(xuan)帝于(yu)是(shi)(shi)派(pai)小冢(zhong)宰宇(yu)文(wen)孝伯對宇(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)說:“三(san)公之(zhi)位(wei)(wei),應當(dang)(dang)歸于(yu)親屬中賢能之(zhi)人,如今打算任(ren)命(ming)(ming)叔父(fu)為太(tai)師(shi),九叔為太(tai)傅,十一叔為太(tai)保,叔父(fu)認為怎樣(yang)?”宇(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)答(da)道:“微臣才能低下,而(er)地位(wei)(wei)很高(gao),常引以為懼。三(san)師(shi)的重任(ren),不是(shi)(shi)我所敢于(yu)承當(dang)(dang)的,太(tai)祖時的功臣應當(dang)(dang)擔(dan)當(dang)(dang)此任(ren)。如果只用我們(men)兄弟,恐怕會招致議論。”宇(yu)文(wen)孝伯回去報告,隨即(ji)又趕(gan)來,說:“詔(zhao)命(ming)(ming)大(da)王今晚和諸(zhu)(zhu)王一塊(kuai)到殿門。”
宇文(wen)憲(xian)一個人被領進宮殿(dian),宣帝預先(xian)在另一間屋里埋伏下壯士,宇文(wen)憲(xian)一到,立即被抓(zhua)住。宇文(wen)憲(xian)神(shen)色不屈,陳說道理。周(zhou)宣帝讓于(yu)智與宇文(wen)憲(xian)對(dui)質。宇文(wen)憲(xian)目光灼灼,與于(yu)智相互(hu)對(dui)證(zheng)。有人對(dui)宇文(wen)憲(xian)說:“以大王今(jin)天的形勢,還用多(duo)說?”宇文(wen)憲(xian)答道:“我(wo)位(wei)重輩(bei)高,一旦到這種(zhong)地(di)步,生死聽(ting)任天命,難道還想活(huo)著(zhu)?只是因為老母還在,恐(kong)怕留下遺憾罷了。”就把手(shou)板扔到地(di)上。于(yu)是周(zhou)宣帝派人把宇文(wen)憲(xian)勒死,時(shi)年三十五歲。
之后,北周(zhou)宣帝任命于(yu)智為柱(zhu)國,封齊國公。宣帝處死宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲以后,找不(bu)出(chu)罪名,就借口(kou)上(shang)大將(jiang)軍安(an)邑公王興(xing)等(deng)人(ren)(ren)與(yu)宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲共謀,將(jiang)其處死。此(ci)外,上(shang)開府(fu)獨孤熊、開府(fu)豆盧紹等(deng)人(ren)(ren)也(ye)被(bei)處死。當時(shi)的人(ren)(ren)知道王興(xing)等(deng)人(ren)(ren)冤枉(wang),都說他(ta)們是陪伴宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲死的。
唐(tang)朝建中三年(782年),禮儀使顏真卿向唐(tang)德宗建議,追封古代名將六十四人,并為他們設(she)廟享奠(dian),包括“周大冢宰齊(qi)王宇文憲(xian)”。
北宋宣和五年(1123年),宋朝依照唐代慣例(li),為(wei)古代名將(jiang)設廟,七十(shi)二位名將(jiang)中(zhong)亦包括宇文憲(xian)。在(zai)北宋年間(jian)成書的(de)《十(shi)七史百將(jiang)傳》中(zhong),宇文憲(xian)亦位列其(qi)中(zhong)。
宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲是北(bei)(bei)周(zhou)重要(yao)將領,一生(sheng)中參(can)與(yu)多(duo)次(ci)對(dui)北(bei)(bei)齊的戰(zhan)爭(zheng),隨周(zhou)武帝宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)邕平(ping)齊,立下(xia)大功。保定(ding)三年(563年)宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)護(hu)東(dong)征北(bei)(bei)齊時,宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲與(yu)達奚武、王(wang)雄等人(ren)屯兵邙山。其他各(ge)軍(jun)(jun)分守險要(yao)。北(bei)(bei)齊兵數(shu)萬(wan)人(ren),突然(ran)從(cong)北(bei)(bei)周(zhou)軍(jun)(jun)后面殺出(chu)(chu),各(ge)軍(jun)(jun)驚(jing)恐,紛(fen)紛(fen)潰散(san)。只(zhi)有宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲與(yu)王(wang)雄、達奚武率(lv)(lv)兵抵擋(dang)。宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲親自督率(lv)(lv)激勵,軍(jun)(jun)心才安定(ding)下(xia)來。天和(he)四年(569年),北(bei)(bei)齊將領獨孤永業(ye)攻打北(bei)(bei)周(zhou),宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲與(yu)柱國李穆(mu)率(lv)(lv)兵從(cong)宜陽出(chu)(chu)發(fa),修筑崇德(de)等五城,切斷(duan)齊軍(jun)(jun)運糧通道。天和(he)五年(570年),宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲涉(she)過(guo)洛(luo)水進攻齊軍(jun)(jun),擊(ji)敗斛律(lv)光。
建(jian)(jian)德四年(575年),周(zhou)武帝(di)打(da)算(suan)出兵(bing)消滅北齊(qi)。命宇文憲率兵(bing)二萬(wan)為前(qian)軍,向(xiang)黎(li)陽(yang)推進,攻占武濟,進兵(bing)包圍洛口,攻下(xia)洛口東(dong)西二城。建(jian)(jian)德五年(576年),北周(zhou)大規模東(dong)征北齊(qi)。宇文憲率領精銳騎兵(bing)二萬(wan)人,仍擔任(ren)先(xian)鋒,把守(shou)雀鼠谷。宇文憲占領洪洞縣、永安縣。建(jian)(jian)德六年(577年),攻占鄴(ye)城。
2020年電(dian)視(shi)劇(ju)《替嫁醫女》:張永博飾演宇文憲(劇(ju)中名(ming)為宇文昭)。
令狐德棻《周(zhou)書》:①“齊(qi)王奇姿杰出(chu),獨牢(lao)籠于(yu)前(qian)載。以介(jie)弟(di)之地,居(ju)上(shang)將之重(zhong),智勇(yong)(yong)冠(guan)世,攻戰如神,敵(di)國系(xi)以存亡,鼎(ding)命(ming)由(you)其(qi)輕重(zhong)。比之異(yi)姓,則方、召、韓、白,何以加茲(zi)。挾(xie)震主之威,屬道消之日,斯人而嬰斯戮,君子(zi)是以知周(zhou)祚之不永(yong)也。昔(xi)張耳、陳余賓客廝(si)役,所居(ju)皆(jie)取卿相。而齊(qi)之文武僚吏,其(qi)后(hou)亦(yi)多(duo)至臺牧(mu)。異(yi)世同(tong)符,可謂(wei)賢(xian)矣。”;②“性通敏,有度量,雖在童齔,而神彩嶷(yi)然(ran)。”;③“善于(yu)撫綏,留心政術,辭訟輻(fu)湊,聽受不疲。”;④“憲(xian)(xian)素善謀,多(duo)算略(lve),尤長于(yu)撫御,達(da)于(yu)任(ren)使,摧鋒(feng)陷(xian)陣,為士卒先。群(qun)下感(gan)悅,咸為之用。齊(qi)人夙聞(wen)威聲,無不憚其(qi)勇(yong)(yong)略(lve)。”;⑤“憲(xian)(xian)有至性,事母以孝聞(wen)。”
李延(yan)壽《北史》:“以齊王之(zhi)奇(qi)姿杰出,足(zu)可牢籠于前(qian)載(zai)。處周公(gong)之(zhi)地,居(ju)上(shang)將之(zhi)重,肋冠俗(su),攻戰如神,敵國(guo)系(xi)以存(cun)亡,鼎命由(you)其輕重。屬道消之(zhi)日,挾震主(zhu)之(zhi)威,斯人(ren)而嬰斯戮(lu),君子是(shi)以知國(guo)祚之(zhi)不(bu)永也。”
宇文泰:“此兒智識不(bu)凡,當成(cheng)重器。”
陳元靚:“銀(yin)漢分派,瓊枝擢秀。武庫橫心,兵(bing)機在手。扶齊功多,安蜀政厚。國之盤維,旡出其右。”
黃道周:“憲周諸子(zi),度量(liang)不群。文(wen)帝(di)賜馬,取(qu)駁為(wei)馴(xun)。色既出(chu)類,牧(mu)圉易分。帝(di)嘉(jia)智識,迥(jiong)不猶(you)人。撫蜀擇守,憲即自任。既而(er)受命,綏(sui)果得民(min)。屢與(yu)晉戰,戰必立勛。或(huo)行詭道,或(huo)以(yi)名聞。或(huo)請破敵,頃(qing)刻而(er)奔。就間用(yong)間,妙(miao)若(ruo)轉輪。為(wei)將若(ruo)此,可謂(wei)入神。”
蔡(cai)東藩(fan):“然當時(shi)如齊王憲輩,不能為伊霍之(zhi)行,徒拱手而(er)(er)(er)受戮,忠而(er)(er)(er)近愚,亦不足(zu)取,身(shen)亡而(er)(er)(er)國(guo)俱亡,此任(ren)圣之(zhi)所以夐(xiong)絕(jue)古今也!”
宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)泰曾賞賜給(gei)兒子們良馬(ma)(ma),讓他們自己選擇。只有宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)選了一匹雜色馬(ma)(ma)。宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)泰詢問,宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)憲(xian)答道:“這(zhe)匹馬(ma)(ma)顏色特(te)殊,可能出類拔(ba)萃。如果從軍作戰(zhan),馬(ma)(ma)夫容易辨認。”宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)泰高興地說:“這(zhe)個孩子識(shi)見不凡(fan),必當成為大才(cai)。”后來(lai)(lai)隨從在隴山上打獵,經過官馬(ma)(ma)牧場,宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)泰每(mei)次看見雜色馬(ma)(ma),都(dou)說:“這(zhe)是我兒子的馬(ma)(ma)啊!”命(ming)令隨從牽來(lai)(lai),賞賜給(gei)他。
宇文(wen)(wen)憲性情淳厚,侍(shi)奉母(mu)(mu)親達步干氏,以孝順(shun)出名。達步干氏原先患有風(feng)熱之(zhi)病,多次發作(zuo),宇文(wen)(wen)憲衣不解(jie)帶,在(zai)身(shen)邊侍(shi)候(hou)。宇文(wen)(wen)憲有時東征西戰,每次感到心驚,其(qi)母(mu)(mu)必(bi)有病,便派使者馳回(hui)問候(hou),果然如(ru)此。
父母
父親:宇文泰,北周文帝
母親:達步干氏
兄弟姐妹
哥哥
北周明帝宇文毓
宋獻公宇文震
北周孝(xiao)閔(min)帝宇文覺
北周武帝宇文邕
弟弟
衛剌王宇文直
趙僭王宇文招
譙孝王宇文儉
陳惑王宇文純
越野王宇文盛
代奰王宇文達
冀康王宇文通
滕聞王宇文逌
姐妹
襄陽公主(zhu),嫁竇毅,生唐朝太穆皇后。
宇(yu)文(wen)皇后,西(xi)魏(wei)廢帝元欽皇后。
義安公(gong)主,嫁李弼子李輝。
順(shun)陽公主,嫁隋(sui)文帝(di)弟(di)弟(di)滕王楊瓚(zan)。
平原公(gong)主,嫁于翼。
永富公主,嫁史寧之子史雄。
某公主,嫁賀拔(ba)岳(yue)子賀拔(ba)緯。
某(mou)公主,嫁若(ruo)(ruo)干(gan)惠子若(ruo)(ruo)干(gan)鳳。
西(xi)河公(gong)主,嫁(jia)彭國公(gong)劉昶。
義歸(gui)公主,嫁(jia)海州刺史(shi)李基(ji)。
襄樂(le)公主(zhu),嫁韋(wei)世康。
妻子
豆盧(lu)氏,大將(jiang)軍豆盧(lu)寧之(zhi)女
兒子
長子(zi):宇(yu)文貴,齊國世子(zi)。
次(ci)子:宇文(wen)質,河間郡王。
三子:宇文賨,中壩公(gong)。
四子:宇文貢,莒國公。
五子:宇文乾(qian)禧,安城公。
六子:宇文乾洽,龍涸公。
《周(zhou)書·卷十二·列傳第(di)四(si)》
《北(bei)史·卷五十(shi)八·列傳第四十(shi)六》