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咸豐元寶
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咸豐元寶是中國古代錢幣之一。咸豐朝寶泉局所鑄錢咸豐元寶有“當百”、“當二百”、“當三百”、“當五百”、“當千”等五種面值。當時采用了銅鐵并鑄的形式。2013年11月24日,中國嘉德舉行2013秋季郵品錢幣拍賣會。拍前備受關注的清代“‘咸豐元寶’背‘寶泉當五百’雕母”,以218.5萬元成交。這枚寶泉局“咸豐元寶”雕母銅質精黃,錢面文字雕工精湛、字口深峻,如斧削刀切,錢文愉快,富有神韻。
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中國古代錢幣(bi)之(zhi)一(yi)。據資料(liao)記載:清(qing)(qing)咸(xian)豐年間(1851-1861年),太(tai)平天國農民(min)起(qi)義發展迅猛,并(bing)在江蘇南(nan)(nan)京建都,此時清(qing)(qing)政府賴以鑄錢之(zhi)用的滇銅(tong)(云南(nan)(nan)省出產的銅(tong)料(liao)),因(yin)道(dao)路阻斷(duan)而無(wu)法運進(jin)北京。一(yi)方面是鎮壓起(qi)義急(ji)需大量的軍餉開銷,一(yi)方面是鑄錢的原材料(liao)告缺,給清(qing)(qing)政府造成了嚴重的財政困難(nan),最終迫使清(qing)(qing)政府自咸(xian)豐三年開始發行(xing)紙幣(bi)和改(gai)鑄大錢來彌(mi)補財政虧空(kong)。

種類

咸(xian)豐(feng)朝(chao)寶泉局所鑄(zhu)錢咸(xian)豐(feng)元寶有“當(dang)(dang)百”、“當(dang)(dang)二百”、“當(dang)(dang)三百”、“當(dang)(dang)五百”、“當(dang)(dang)千”等五種(zhong)面值。當(dang)(dang)時采用了銅鐵(tie)并鑄(zhu)的形式。

區分方法

咸(xian)豐元(yuan)(yuan)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)種類較(jiao)多,這里僅(jin)舉部(bu)分稀(xi)(xi)見(jian)品和(he)名(ming)譽品,寶(bao)(bao)(bao)泉克勤郡王捐銅所鑄(zhu)當(dang)(dang)二(er)百(bai)(bai)、當(dang)(dang)三(san)百(bai)(bai),均(jun)為試(shi)樣,罕(han)見(jian),寶(bao)(bao)(bao)鞏當(dang)(dang)五百(bai)(bai)、當(dang)(dang)千(qian)較(jiao)罕(han)見(jian),市場(chang)價(jia)格在10~20萬(wan)元(yuan)(yuan),寶(bao)(bao)(bao)河當(dang)(dang)五百(bai)(bai)、當(dang)(dang)千(qian)亦較(jiao)罕(han)見(jian),價(jia)格在15~20萬(wan)元(yuan)(yuan),寶(bao)(bao)(bao)薊當(dang)(dang)百(bai)(bai)為當(dang)(dang)百(bai)(bai)中最(zui)稀(xi)(xi)見(jian)者,市場(chang)價(jia)格在8萬(wan)元(yuan)(yuan)左右,寶(bao)(bao)(bao)蘇當(dang)(dang)五百(bai)(bai)、當(dang)(dang)千(qian)均(jun)屬僅(jin)見(jian),其中當(dang)(dang)五百(bai)(bai)目前下落不明,寶(bao)(bao)(bao)伊當(dang)(dang)五百(bai)(bai)、當(dang)(dang)千(qian)均(jun)罕(han)見(jian),寶(bao)(bao)(bao)迪(di)當(dang)(dang)八十亦稀(xi)(xi)見(jian),市場(chang)價(jia)格在6萬(wan)元(yuan)(yuan)左右。

背景

咸(xian)豐初期,清(qing)朝(chao)政(zheng)府的稅入大約為白(bai)(bai)銀(yin)(yin)4000萬(wan)(wan)兩(liang)(liang)(liang),支出約需白(bai)(bai)銀(yin)(yin)3600余萬(wan)(wan)兩(liang)(liang)(liang),收入與支出相互抵銷尚有(you)盈(ying)余。自太(tai)平天國革命爆發以(yi)后,清(qing)政(zheng)府的財(cai)政(zheng)危機急驟惡化。咸(xian)豐二(er)年(nian)(1852年(nian))戶(hu)部奏稱:“兩(liang)(liang)(liang)載(zai)以(yi)來,軍(jun)需河(he)餉(xiang)糜帑(tang)已二(er)千數百萬(wan)(wan)兩(liang)(liang)(liang),以(yi)致度支告匱(kui),籌(chou)劃(hua)維艱。”同年(nian)六(liu)月(yue)十(shi)(shi)六(liu)日(ri)戶(hu)部密摺言(yan):“自廣西用兵以(yi)來,迄(qi)今三載(zai),經臣部奏撥(bo)軍(jun)餉(xiang)及(ji)各省截(jie)留(liu)籌(chou)解,已至二(er)千九百六(liu)十(shi)(shi)三萬(wan)(wan)余兩(liang)(liang)(liang),……戶(hu)部銀(yin)(yin)庫,截(jie)止(zhi)本月(yue)十(shi)(shi)二(er)日(ri)止(zhi),正項待支銀(yin)(yin)僅(jin)存二(er)十(shi)(shi)二(er)萬(wan)(wan)七(qi)千余兩(liang)(liang)(liang)。”在這(zhe)種支出日(ri)多、財(cai)政(zheng)窘迫、軍(jun)餉(xiang)困難、國庫空虛的情況(kuang)之下,清(qing)政(zheng)府企圖(tu)借實(shi)行通貨(huo)膨脹(zhang)的政(zheng)策(ce),進(jin)(jin)一步對百姓進(jin)(jin)行搜刮與掠(lve)奪。

經過

咸(xian)豐(feng)二年(1852年)十月十九日,四川學政何(he)紹(shao)基向清廷上摺,要求政府(fu)鑄造大錢(qian)(qian),以應(ying)付日益困難的財政需要。他在奏摺中說:“……歷代大錢(qian)(qian)之(zhi)制不(bu)一(yi),大約由當五、當十至(zhi)當千而(er)止。擬請于常行通(tong)寶錢(qian)(qian)外(wai),鑄為大錢(qian)(qian)三品:曰(yue)當一(yi)百,曰(yue)當五百,曰(yue)當一(yi)千;當千者重不(bu)過二兩,俾與制錢(qian)(qian)相(xiang)劑(ji)而(er)行。由部臣(chen)議定(ding)成式,務期精(jing)好(hao),頒發中外(wai),一(yi)體鼓鑄。凡支給(gei)俸、薪、養廉,及河(he)工、兵(bing)餉,皆銀(yin)與大小錢(qian)(qian)兼放;賦稅(shui)所入當收銀(yin)者,皆準以銀(yin)與大小錢(qian)(qian)搭配交納。應(ying)歸藩庫(ku)部庫(ku)者,酌為減節(jie),以免(mian)先(xian)解后撥之(zhi)煩。惟關(guan)稅(shui)仍(reng)照(zhao)舊盡數(shu)收銀(yin)而(er)特恩錫賚(lai)則(ze)給(gei)銀(yin)以示優異(yi)。俟大錢(qian)(qian)暢行之(zhi)后,民輸官賦乃漸不(bu)必用(yong)銀(yin)。然非(fei)置銀(yin)于無用(yong)也,民間(jian)以銀(yin)易錢(qian)(qian)及用(yong)銀(yin)交易,聽(ting)其自如,無庸(yong)過問。……”

咸豐皇帝于十(shi)(shi)一月二十(shi)(shi)八(ba)日在奏(zou)摺上(shang)親自朱筆批(pi)示:“所奏(zou)不(bu)為無見,然小(xiao)錢大錢,制(zhi)雖異,用實同,現(xian)鑄小(xiao)錢,銅尚不(bu)足,何(he)況(kuang)大錢乎!汝知(zhi)一未知(zhi)二也。至器用多(duo)銅,原干(gan)例禁,本(ben)年曾經降旨。況(kuang)古制(zhi)亦(yi)非盡善(shan),舉一事(shi)必欲復(fu)古,試問井田,封建尚可復(fu)乎?此摺著戶部(bu)存記,若有可行時(shi),不(bu)妨采擇入奏(zou)。欽此。”

雖然,何(he)紹基(ji)鑄造大錢的(de)建議未能獲得(de)朝廷的(de)批(pi)準,但是(shi),出于當時“軍餉(xiang)增多,帑金(jin)不足,”的(de)現實情(qing)況,在(zai)清朝政府的(de)最高(gao)統(tong)治階層,已經拉(la)開了鑄造大錢的(de)論戰。

此后,清朝政府中的有關(guan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)主管,如御史(shi)(shi)蔡(cai)(cai)紹洛、刑部(bu)(bu)(bu)尚(shang)(shang)書周祖(zu)培、大(da)(da)理寺卿(qing)恒春、戶(hu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)尚(shang)(shang)書孫(sun)瑞珍、巡防(fang)大(da)(da)臣綿愉(yu)、管理戶(hu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)事(shi)務祁雋藻等(deng)(deng),均先后向朝廷力陳鑄造大(da)(da)錢(qian)的利處。然而,以戶(hu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)左侍郎王茂(mao)蔭為首的反對派,包括左庶(shu)子龐鐘(zhong)璐(lu)、御史(shi)(shi)蔡(cai)(cai)征藩等(deng)(deng)一批(pi)官吏,竭力反對鑄造大(da)(da)錢(qian)。咸豐(feng)三(san)年(nian)(1853年(nian))二(er)月,太(tai)平天國起(qi)義軍(jun)占領江(jiang)寧(ning)(今南(nan)京(jing)),并(bing)將南(nan)京(jing)改為天京(jing),革(ge)命(ming)勢力遍及(ji)長江(jiang)流域(yu)各省,戰(zhan)局的急劇(ju)發(fa)(fa)展,使(shi)得當時市場(chang)銀貴錢(qian)賤,貨幣信用發(fa)(fa)生嚴重危機(ji),國家財政已(yi)經到了山窮水盡的地步。據《光緒順天府志》記載:“咸豐(feng)三(san)年(nian),軍(jun)旅數起(qi),餉需(xu)支絀,東南(nan)道路梗阻,滇銅不至,刑部(bu)(bu)(bu)尚(shang)(shang)書周祖(zu)培、大(da)(da)理寺卿(qing)恒春、御史(shi)(shi)蔡(cai)(cai)紹洛等(deng)(deng)先后條陳錢(qian)法(fa),請改鑄大(da)(da)錢(qian),以充度(du)支。”在(zai)這種情況之下咸豐(feng)大(da)(da)錢(qian)終于(yu)應運而生。

定型

咸(xian)豐三(san)(san)年(nian)(1853年(nian))三(san)(san)月(yue)五(wu)(wu)(wu)月(yue),戶部首先(xian)開(kai)(kai)鑄(zhu)(zhu)當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)十(shi)(shi)大錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian),文曰(yue)咸(xian)豐元(yuan)寶,重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)六錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian),與(yu)制錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)相輔而行。七月(yue)乃增(zeng)鑄(zhu)(zhu)當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)五(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)一(yi)種(zhong),重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)兩八錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。同年(nian)十(shi)(shi)一(yi)月(yue)諭令各省推行鑄(zhu)(zhu)造大錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian),并添鑄(zhu)(zhu)當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)百(bai)(bai)(bai)、當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)五(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)、當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)千(qian)(qian)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)三(san)(san)種(zhong);當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)千(qian)(qian)者重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)二(er)兩,當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)五(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)者重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)兩六錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian),銅(tong)(tong)色紫,當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)百(bai)(bai)(bai)者重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)兩四錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian),銅(tong)(tong)色黃,皆磨濾精(jing)工,光澤如(ru)鏡,文曰(yue)咸(xian)豐元(yuan)寶;而減當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)五(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)者為(wei)(wei)一(yi)兩二(er)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian),當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)十(shi)(shi)者為(wei)(wei)四錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)四分(fen),又減為(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)五(wu)(wu)(wu)分(fen),再(zai)改為(wei)(wei)二(er)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)六分(fen)。四年(nian)正月(yue),寶源局又鑄(zhu)(zhu)當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)五(wu)(wu)(wu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)一(yi)種(zhong),重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)二(er)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)二(er)分(fen)。接(jie)著又鑄(zhu)(zhu)當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)二(er)百(bai)(bai)(bai)、三(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)、四百(bai)(bai)(bai)大錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。在(zai)大約一(yi)年(nian)左(zuo)右的(de)時間(jian)里,清朝政府開(kai)(kai)鑄(zhu)(zhu)的(de)大錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)有當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)四、五(wu)(wu)(wu)、八、十(shi)(shi)、二(er)十(shi)(shi)、三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)、四十(shi)(shi)、五(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)、一(yi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)、二(er)百(bai)(bai)(bai)、三(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)、四百(bai)(bai)(bai)、五(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)以及當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)千(qian)(qian)等計約十(shi)(shi)六個等級的(de)咸(xian)豐各類(lei)大錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。

咸(xian)豐四年(nian)(1854年(nian))三月(yue),戶(hu)部又先(xian)后鑄(zhu)造當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)一(yi)、當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)五(wu)、當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)十等三種鐵錢與鉛錢。當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)時戶(hu)部除了下設(she)寶(bao)泉、寶(bao)源兩個鑄(zhu)錢局外,清廷又特(te)別準許克(ke)(ke)(ke)勤(qin)郡(jun)(jun)王慶惠、文(wen)端(duan)設(she)立一(yi)個錢局,專(zhuan)門鑄(zhu)造咸(xian)豐當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)百以(yi)(yi)上的(de)大(da)(da)(da)錢。馬定祥(xiang)先(xian)生主編《咸(xian)豐泉匯》一(yi)書,收錄有克(ke)(ke)(ke)勤(qin)郡(jun)(jun)王鑄(zhu)造的(de)當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)五(wu)十至當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)千型(xing)咸(xian)豐大(da)(da)(da)錢56種。鮑康《大(da)(da)(da)錢圖錄》刊(kan)載有咸(xian)豐當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)十以(yi)(yi)上大(da)(da)(da)錢54枚,其中克(ke)(ke)(ke)勤(qin)郡(jun)(jun)王所(suo)鑄(zhu)大(da)(da)(da)錢4種。克(ke)(ke)(ke)勤(qin)郡(jun)(jun)王所(suo)鑄(zhu)的(de)大(da)(da)(da)錢大(da)(da)(da)都帶有星月(yue)紋標(biao)記,張炯伯《咸(xian)豐大(da)(da)(da)錢考(kao)》載:“勤(qin)郡(jun)(jun)王意欲另設(she)專(zhuan)局鼓鑄(zhu)大(da)(da)(da)錢未準,故沿用寶(bao)泉字(zi)樣,特(te)加星月(yue)標(biao)記,以(yi)(yi)示(shi)區別耳。”

先(xian)是(shi)道(dao)光中葉,銀(yin)(yin)(yin)外泄而貴(gui),朝野皆(jie)欲(yu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)大(da)(da)(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)救之。廣西巡撫梁章(zhang)鉅疏言(yan)其利。文(wen)(wen)宗即位,四川學(xue)(xue)政何紹基力請行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)大(da)(da)(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)復古(gu)救時(shi)。上(shang)意(yi)初不(bu)謂(wei)然,卒(zu)與官(guan)(guan)票(piao)(piao)、寶(bao)鈔(chao)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)焉。鈔(chao)嘗行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)于(yu)(yu)順治八年(nian)(nian),歲造十(shi)二萬八千(qian)(qian)有(you)奇(qi)。十(shi)年(nian)(nian)而罷。嘉慶間,侍講(jiang)學(xue)(xue)士(shi)蔡之定請行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)鈔(chao)。咸豐二年(nian)(nian),福建巡撫王(wang)懿德亦以(yi)(yi)(yi)為請。廷議以(yi)(yi)(yi)窒(zhi)礙難行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),卻之。是(shi)時(shi)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)虧錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)匱重,而軍(jun)需河餉糜(mi)帑二千(qian)(qian)數百(bai)萬,籌國(guo)計(ji)者,率以(yi)(yi)(yi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)官(guan)(guan)票(piao)(piao)請。次年(nian)(nian),命戶(hu)(hu)部集(ji)議。惠(hui)親等(deng)(deng)請飭部制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)鈔(chao)與銀(yin)(yin)(yin)票(piao)(piao)相輔并行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。票(piao)(piao)鈔(chao)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)皮(pi)紙(zhi),額題“戶(hu)(hu)部官(guan)(guan)票(piao)(piao)”,左滿(man)、右漢,皆(jie)雙行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),中標二兩(liang)平(ping)足色銀(yin)(yin)(yin)若干(gan)兩(liang),下(xia)曰(yue)“戶(hu)(hu)部奏行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)官(guan)(guan)票(piao)(piao)”。凡(fan)原將官(guan)(guan)票(piao)(piao)兌換(huan)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)者,與銀(yin)(yin)(yin)一(yi)(yi)律,并準按(an)部定章(zhang)程,搭(da)交官(guan)(guan)項。偽(wei)造者依(yi)律治罪(zui)。邊(bian)文(wen)(wen)龍。鈔(chao)額題“大(da)(da)(da)清寶(bao)鈔(chao)”,漢字平(ping)列,中標準足制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)若干(gan)文(wen)(wen),旁八字為“天下(xia)通(tong)(tong)寶(bao),平(ping)準出入”,下(xia)曰(yue)“此(ci)鈔(chao)即代制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)用,并準按(an)成(cheng)(cheng)交納地丁錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)糧一(yi)(yi)切(qie)稅課捐項,京、外各(ge)庫(ku)一(yi)(yi)概收(shou)解”。邊(bian)文(wen)(wen)如(ru)票(piao)(piao)。大(da)(da)(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)當千(qian)(qian)至(zhi)當十(shi),凡(fan)五(wu)等(deng)(deng),重自二兩(liang)遞減至(zhi)四錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)四分(fen)。當千(qian)(qian)、當五(wu)百(bai),凈銅(tong)鑄(zhu)(zhu)造,色紫;當百(bai)、當五(wu)十(shi)、當十(shi),銅(tong)鉛配鑄(zhu)(zhu),色黃。百(bai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)文(wen)(wen)曰(yue)“咸豐元寶(bao)”,以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)曰(yue)“重寶(bao)”,幕滿(man)文(wen)(wen)局(ju)名。四年(nian)(nian),以(yi)(yi)(yi)乏銅(tong),兼鑄(zhu)(zhu)當五(wu)鐵錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)及制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。已而更鑄(zhu)(zhu)鉛制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。乾(qian)隆(long)間,京局(ju)用銅(tong),滇、洋兼資,后(hou)專行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)滇運。時(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)道(dao)梗銅(tong)滯(zhi),故權宜出此(ci)。定議票(piao)(piao)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)一(yi)(yi)兩(liang)抵(di)(di)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)二千(qian)(qian),鈔(chao)二千(qian)(qian)抵(di)(di)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)一(yi)(yi)兩(liang),票(piao)(piao)鈔(chao)亦準是(shi)互相抵(di)(di),民(min)間完納丁糧稅課及一(yi)(yi)切(qie)官(guan)(guan)款,亦準五(wu)成(cheng)(cheng),京、外應放庫(ku)款如(ru)之。大(da)(da)(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)上(shang)下(xia)通(tong)(tong)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)如(ru)票(piao)(piao)鈔(chao),抵(di)(di)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)如(ru)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)之數,輸官(guan)(guan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)三(san)(san)成(cheng)(cheng),鐵錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)通(tong)(tong)用如(ru)大(da)(da)(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。阻(zu)撓罪(zui)以(yi)(yi)(yi)違制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),偽(wei)造鈔(chao)票(piao)(piao)斬監候,私(si)鑄(zhu)(zhu)加嚴(yan)。通(tong)(tong)飭京、外設置官(guan)(guan)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)局(ju)。尋(xun)以(yi)(yi)(yi)直省(sheng)延不(bu)奉(feng)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),嗣后(hou)議于(yu)(yu)各(ge)府置鈔(chao)局(ju),發大(da)(da)(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)于(yu)(yu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)店,俾錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)鈔(chao)通(tong)(tong)融互易(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)便民(min),丁糧搭(da)收(shou)票(piao)(piao)鈔(chao),零星(xing)小戶(hu)(hu)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)鈔(chao)尾(wei)零,搭(da)交銅(tong)鐵大(da)(da)(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian),皆(jie)先(xian)從(cong)直隸、山(shan)東實行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。官(guan)(guan)吏(li)折勒骫法,商民(min)交易(yi)不(bu)平(ping)價,從(cong)嚴(yan)處治。七(qi)(qi)年(nian)(nian),令順天直隸各(ge)屬(shu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)糧,自本年(nian)(nian)上(shang)忙始(shi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)實銀(yin)(yin)(yin)四成(cheng)(cheng)、寶(bao)鈔(chao)三(san)(san)成(cheng)(cheng)、當十(shi)銅(tong)鐵大(da)(da)(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)三(san)(san)成(cheng)(cheng)搭(da)交,一(yi)(yi)切(qie)用項,亦按(an)成(cheng)(cheng)搭(da)放。尋(xun)從(cong)戶(hu)(hu)部議,自本年(nian)(nian)下(xia)忙始(shi),直隸照銀(yin)(yin)(yin)七(qi)(qi)票(piao)(piao)三(san)(san)征收(shou),大(da)(da)(da)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)三(san)(san)成(cheng)(cheng)即納在(zai)鈔(chao)票(piao)(piao)三(san)(san)成(cheng)(cheng)內,交票(piao)(piao)交錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)聽便。

“尋以直省延不奉行,嗣后議于各府置鈔(chao)(chao)局,發大錢(qian)(qian)于行店,俾(bi)錢(qian)(qian)鈔(chao)(chao)通融互易以便民,丁(ding)糧搭(da)收票鈔(chao)(chao),零星(xing)小戶(hu)銀鈔(chao)(chao)尾(wei)零,搭(da)交銅鐵大錢(qian)(qian),皆先從直隸、山(shan)東實行”可能就是(shi)直隸、山(shan)東一帶。

鹿角料咸豐元寶(bao)當百

宮中賞玩錢,孤(gu)品,現(xian)為中國書協會員、著名(ming)書法家、錢幣收藏大家李桂強所收藏。

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