祺祥重寶是一枚古代(dai)錢幣，鑄(zhu)于(yu)清穆(mu)宗初(chu)登基時(1861年)。時值載垣、肅順八大臣奉(feng)詔輔政，即改元祺祥，并鑄(zhu)祺祥通寶與祺祥重寶當十(shi)錢。
祺(qi)(qi)祥重(zhong)(zhong)寶(bao)錢(qian)徑約(yue)3．5厘米，重(zhong)(zhong)12．5克左(zuo)右(you)(you)。錢(qian)面文(wen)字“祺(qi)(qi)祥重(zhong)(zhong)寶(bao)”以(yi)楷書書寫(xie)，其文(wen)字從上而(er)(er)下(xia)而(er)(er)右(you)(you)而(er)(er)左(zuo)直讀(du)。錢(qian)背(bei)穿孔左(zuo)右(you)(you)為滿文(wen)的“寶(bao)泉(quan)”或“寶(bao)源(yuan)”二(er)(er)局名稱。穿孔上下(xia)是漢文(wen)的記值"當十"二(er)(er)字。出于(yu)"祺(qi)(qi)祥重(zhong)(zhong)寶(bao)"鑄后不久，慈禧太后攝政便改(gai)元“同治”，祺(qi)(qi)祥通(tong)(tong)寶(bao)也便不準(zhun)通(tong)(tong)行，因(yin)而(er)(er)傳于(yu)今世甚少。祺(qi)(qi)祥通(tong)(tong)寶(bao)還鑄有合(he)背(bei)，以(yi)及"祺(qi)(qi)祥"、"同治"異號合(he)背(bei)錢(qian)。
祺(qi)祥(xiang)是同治皇帝第一個年號(hao)，當(dang)時(shi)提(ti)出時(shi)即有大臣因“祺(qi)”“祥(xiang)”兩(liang)字意(yi)思相近而(er)持反對(dui)意(yi)見，后因慈禧太后發動辛酉政(zheng)變而(er)廢(fei)止(zhi)，僅(jin)存60天。所鑄多(duo)為樣幣，流通幣幾乎全部收(shou)回損毀殆盡。
清(qing)咸豐十一年七月二十六日(ri)鼓鑄，還(huan)未發行，十月五日(ri)即被(bei)勒令(ling)廢除，鑄幣回爐鑄為"同治(zhi)"錢(qian)（1861年).與祺祥通寶(bao)一起(qi)并稱為中國壽命最短(duan)的錢(qian)幣。
“祺祥(xiang)(xiang)”年(nian)(nian)號定于咸豐十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一年(nian)(nian)七月二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)日，廢(fei)于同年(nian)(nian)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)月五日，短(duan)短(duan)六(liu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)九天，是我(wo)國歷(li)史上(shang)少有(you)(you)的短(duan)命年(nian)(nian)號。而祺祥(xiang)(xiang)錢(qian)(qian)也因此而鑄(zhu)(zhu)行時間短(duan)促(cu)，尚未流通(tong)(tong)(tong)，就被廢(fei)行了，因而傳(chuan)世(shi)甚少，極難見到(dao)。祺祥(xiang)(xiang)錢(qian)(qian)分“祺祥(xiang)(xiang)通(tong)(tong)(tong)寶(bao)”和“祺祥(xiang)(xiang)重(zhong)寶(bao)”，僅有(you)(you)寶(bao)泉局、寶(bao)源局、寶(bao)云局、寶(bao)蘇局有(you)(you)鑄(zhu)(zhu)。“祺祥(xiang)(xiang)通(tong)(tong)(tong)寶(bao)”徑約2.7厘米，重(zhong)一錢(qian)(qian)二(er)分，面文楷書，順讀。“祺祥(xiang)(xiang)”重(zhong)寶(bao)“徑約3.5厘米，重(zhong)七錢(qian)(qian)四分，為(wei)當(dang)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)錢(qian)(qian)，此錢(qian)(qian)做工(gong)較精整(zheng)美(mei)觀，因存世(shi)較少為(wei)收藏者重(zhong)視。
同治(zhi)錢(qian)因(yin)鑄(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)虧損等(deng)原因(yin)，鑄(zhu)(zhu)行很(hen)不正常，時(shi)鑄(zhu)(zhu)時(shi)停，現(xian)常見約有(you)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)泉(quan)、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)源、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)蘇、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)浙、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)鞏、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)昌(chang)、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)川、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)桂、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)直、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)云、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)東等(deng)局(ju)錢(qian)，其余(yu)皆少見或僅(jin)見樣錢(qian)。同治(zhi)年間僅(jin)鑄(zhu)(zhu)行了當十以下大錢(qian)，開鑄(zhu)(zhu)的錢(qian)局(ju)有(you)：寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)源、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)泉(quan)、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)云、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)鞏和新(xin)疆(jiang)阿(a)克蘇等(deng)局(ju)，大小輕重也不一，新(xin)疆(jiang)局(ju)及寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)鞏局(ju)曾鑄(zhu)(zhu)有(you)當五錢(qian)，新(xin)疆(jiang)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)伊局(ju)有(you)當四錢(qian)。同治(zhi)時(shi)期本就(jiu)鑄(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)不多，民間又普(pu)遍使(shi)用白銀(yin)，而(er)且外國(guo)機制(zhi)銀(yin)元(yuan)的輸入(ru)頗多，且成色制(zhi)度均有(you)保證(zheng)，使(shi)用頗方便(bian)，故而(er)銅錢(qian)的使(shi)用也就(jiu)日見減少了。
寶(bao)源(yuan)局(ju)祺祥重寶(bao)當十(shi)銅錢。直徑3.48厘米，重18.9克。面(mian)文“祺祥重寶(bao)”；背面(mian)穿上(shang)下(xia)為漢文紀值(zhi)“當十(shi)”二(er)字，左右(you)為滿(man)文錢局(ju)“寶(bao)源(yuan)”二(er)字。
祺祥(xiang)重(zhong)(zhong)寶與同(tong)(tong)治(zhi)(zhi)重(zhong)(zhong)寶的(de)合背錢。直徑3.5厘米，重(zhong)(zhong)16.6克。面文同(tong)(tong)樣為“祺祥(xiang)重(zhong)(zhong)寶”；背文為“同(tong)(tong)治(zhi)(zhi)重(zhong)(zhong)寶”。“祺祥(xiang)重(zhong)(zhong)寶”中的(de)“寶”字(zi)為“寶”；“同(tong)(tong)治(zhi)(zhi)重(zhong)(zhong)寶”中的(de)“寶”字(zi)為“寶”。
兩枚錢幣均闊緣(yuan)無銹(xiu)，內郭穿口具有清代錢幣特征，面文(wen)(wen)和背(bei)文(wen)(wen)文(wen)(wen)字端莊嚴整，銅質細(xi)膩，色澤金(jin)黃，鑄(zhu)造精(jing)良，保存良好，令人百(bai)看(kan)不厭。根據《清史(shi)》記載，當為用上等的云南黃銅鑄(zhu)造。
清代自順治(zhi)登基（1644）始到宣統退位（1911）止，一(yi)(yi)共經歷(li)(li)順治(zhi)、康熙、雍正、乾隆(long)、嘉慶、道光、咸豐、同(tong)治(zhi)、光緒、宣統10代，也就是說出了(le)10位皇帝(di)。按清制每朝只鑄一(yi)(yi)個(ge)年(nian)號錢(qian)幣(bi)，本應10個(ge)，然(ran)而歷(li)(li)史(shi)上卻發行(xing)了(le)11個(ge)年(nian)號的方孔(kong)制錢(qian)，這多(duo)出的一(yi)(yi)個(ge)便是“祺祥(xiang)”年(nian)號錢(qian)。這就涉及“祺祥(xiang)”年(nian)號錢(qian)誕生(sheng)和消亡(wang)的歷(li)(li)史(shi)背景——“祺祥(xiang)政變”（因為發生(sheng)在辛酉年(nian)，又稱“辛酉政變”）。
咸豐(feng)十(shi)一年(nian)（1861）七月，咸豐(feng)帝在熱河(he)避暑山(shan)莊病(bing)逝，以肅(su)順為首(shou)的(de)八位大臣按(an)遺詔，以顧命大臣身份主宰朝政(zheng)，擁輔(fu)年(nian)僅6歲的(de)載淳太子繼位，商定次年(nian)改用寓意吉(ji)祥的(de)“祺(qi)祥”新年(nian)號，并下令(ling)鑄造了“祺(qi)祥通寶”、“祺(qi)祥重寶”制(zhi)錢(qian)(qian)。然而他們的(de)所作所為，使權欲熏(xun)心的(de)西宮太后(hou)慈禧極度(du)恐(kong)慌，她聯手東宮太后(hou)慈安(an)，暗中(zhong)勾(gou)結恭(gong)親(qin)王奕?，回(hui)京后(hou)于9月30日突然發動宮廷政(zheng)變，迅速(su)捕殺了肅(su)順、載垣、端(duan)華等人。慈禧太后(hou)以輔(fu)助年(nian)幼皇帝、一同治(zhi)政(zheng)為名，宣布垂簾聽政(zheng)，廢除“祺(qi)祥”年(nian)號，改為“同治(zhi)”年(nian)號。新鑄的(de)“祺(qi)祥”錢(qian)(qian)幣(bi)(bi)被(bei)迅速(su)回(hui)爐改鑄“同治(zhi)”錢(qian)(qian)幣(bi)(bi)。“祺(qi)祥”年(nian)號錢(qian)(qian)由誕生(sheng)到消亡，前后(hou)僅有(you)短短的(de)幾十(shi)天時(shi)間。
正因(yin)(yin)為(wei)“祺祥(xiang)”年號錢(qian)(qian)(qian)發行時間短暫，因(yin)(yin)此(ci)存世量(liang)極(ji)少(shao)。孫仲匯著《錢(qian)(qian)(qian)幣辭典》載：“祺祥(xiang)通(tong)寶、祺祥(xiang)重(zhong)寶：咸豐十一年（1861）鑄，通(tong)寶小平有寶泉、寶源、寶云(yun)、寶蘇、寶鞏五局，后三種(zhong)極(ji)罕(han)。重(zhong)寶當十有寶泉、寶源、寶鞏三局。寶泉局極(ji)少(shao)。”因(yin)(yin)此(ci)，盡管“祺祥(xiang)”年號錢(qian)(qian)(qian)距(ju)今時間不長，物以稀為(wei)貴(gui)，像許多年代久遠的古錢(qian)(qian)(qian)幣一樣，被錢(qian)(qian)(qian)幣收藏家視(shi)為(wei)珍品(pin)。
如果說寶(bao)(bao)(bao)源局祺(qi)祥(xiang)(xiang)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)當十銅錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)比較珍貴(gui)，那么祺(qi)祥(xiang)(xiang)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)與同(tong)(tong)治(zhi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)合(he)背(bei)(bei)(bei)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)則更加珍貴(gui)。所謂合(he)背(bei)(bei)(bei)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，是(shi)指誤(wu)用二件(jian)面范（鑄(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)模(mo)具中(zhong)的(de)(de)面模(mo)）鑄(zhu)成的(de)(de)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，雙面均有錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)文；大多(duo)出(chu)自各個朝代的(de)(de)中(zhong)晚(wan)期(qi)，是(shi)我國古錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)幣中(zhong)出(chu)現的(de)(de)特(te)殊(shu)現象，也是(shi)比較稀少的(de)(de)版別，受到錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)幣收藏(zang)(zang)家的(de)(de)普遍重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)視。祺(qi)祥(xiang)(xiang)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)與同(tong)(tong)治(zhi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)合(he)背(bei)(bei)(bei)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)同(tong)(tong)樣受到華光(guang)普等錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)幣收藏(zang)(zang)家的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)視。一(yi)般認為，其正、背(bei)(bei)(bei)面的(de)(de)年號不同(tong)(tong)，是(shi)由于“祺(qi)祥(xiang)(xiang)”錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)改鑄(zhu)“同(tong)(tong)治(zhi)”錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)時，因時間倉促，鑄(zhu)量劇增，鑄(zhu)工在操作(zuo)忙亂中(zhong)出(chu)現誤(wu)用錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)范，或(huo)有意(yi)用錯(cuo)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)范。加上檢查不嚴，錯(cuo)范的(de)(de)祺(qi)祥(xiang)(xiang)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)與同(tong)(tong)治(zhi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)合(he)背(bei)(bei)(bei)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)便流入了市場。這正是(shi)清(qing)朝晚(wan)期(qi)政治(zhi)沒(mei)落(luo)，吏治(zhi)腐(fu)敗，綱紀松弛，錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)法混(hun)亂的(de)(de)體現。祺(qi)祥(xiang)(xiang)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)與同(tong)(tong)治(zhi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)合(he)背(bei)(bei)(bei)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)和寶(bao)(bao)(bao)源局祺(qi)祥(xiang)(xiang)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)當十銅錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)一(yi)道，共同(tong)(tong)見(jian)證(zheng)了刀光(guang)劍(jian)影、陰險黑暗的(de)(de)清(qing)末宮廷政變，“以錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)證(zheng)史”的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要意(yi)義得到彰顯。
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