祺祥(xiang)重寶(bao)是一枚古代錢(qian)幣(bi)，鑄于清穆(mu)宗初(chu)登基(ji)時(1861年(nian))。時值載垣、肅順八(ba)大(da)臣奉(feng)詔輔(fu)政，即改元祺祥(xiang)，并鑄祺祥(xiang)通寶(bao)與祺祥(xiang)重寶(bao)當十錢(qian)。
祺(qi)(qi)祥(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)重(zhong)(zhong)寶(bao)錢徑約3．5厘(li)米，重(zhong)(zhong)12．5克左(zuo)右(you)。錢面文(wen)(wen)字(zi)“祺(qi)(qi)祥(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)重(zhong)(zhong)寶(bao)”以楷書書寫(xie)，其(qi)文(wen)(wen)字(zi)從(cong)上(shang)而下而右(you)而左(zuo)直讀(du)。錢背(bei)穿孔(kong)左(zuo)右(you)為滿(man)文(wen)(wen)的“寶(bao)泉”或“寶(bao)源”二局名稱。穿孔(kong)上(shang)下是(shi)漢(han)文(wen)(wen)的記值"當十"二字(zi)。出于"祺(qi)(qi)祥(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)重(zhong)(zhong)寶(bao)"鑄后(hou)不久，慈禧太后(hou)攝政便(bian)改元“同治”，祺(qi)(qi)祥(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)通(tong)寶(bao)也便(bian)不準通(tong)行，因而傳于今(jin)世甚(shen)少。祺(qi)(qi)祥(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)通(tong)寶(bao)還鑄有合(he)背(bei)，以及"祺(qi)(qi)祥(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)"、"同治"異號合(he)背(bei)錢。
祺祥(xiang)是同治(zhi)皇(huang)帝第一個(ge)年號(hao)，當時提出時即(ji)有(you)大臣(chen)因(yin)“祺”“祥(xiang)”兩字(zi)意思相近而(er)持反對(dui)意見，后因(yin)慈禧太后發動(dong)辛(xin)酉政(zheng)變而(er)廢止，僅存(cun)60天。所鑄多(duo)為樣幣(bi)，流通(tong)幣(bi)幾乎全部收回損(sun)毀殆盡。
清咸豐(feng)十(shi)一年七月(yue)二十(shi)六日鼓鑄(zhu)，還(huan)未發行，十(shi)月(yue)五日即被勒令廢除，鑄(zhu)幣(bi)回爐鑄(zhu)為(wei)"同治(zhi)"錢(qian)（1861年).與祺祥通寶(bao)一起并稱(cheng)為(wei)中國壽命最短的錢(qian)幣(bi)。
“祺(qi)祥(xiang)(xiang)”年號定于咸豐(feng)十(shi)一年七月(yue)二十(shi)六日(ri)(ri)，廢于同(tong)年十(shi)月(yue)五日(ri)(ri)，短(duan)(duan)短(duan)(duan)六十(shi)九(jiu)天，是我國歷史上少有(you)(you)的(de)短(duan)(duan)命年號。而祺(qi)祥(xiang)(xiang)錢也因(yin)(yin)此而鑄行時間(jian)短(duan)(duan)促，尚未流通(tong)(tong)，就被廢行了，因(yin)(yin)而傳(chuan)世甚(shen)少，極難見到。祺(qi)祥(xiang)(xiang)錢分(fen)“祺(qi)祥(xiang)(xiang)通(tong)(tong)寶(bao)(bao)”和“祺(qi)祥(xiang)(xiang)重寶(bao)(bao)”，僅有(you)(you)寶(bao)(bao)泉局、寶(bao)(bao)源局、寶(bao)(bao)云局、寶(bao)(bao)蘇局有(you)(you)鑄。“祺(qi)祥(xiang)(xiang)通(tong)(tong)寶(bao)(bao)”徑約2.7厘米，重一錢二分(fen)，面文楷書，順(shun)讀。“祺(qi)祥(xiang)(xiang)”重寶(bao)(bao)“徑約3.5厘米，重七錢四(si)分(fen)，為(wei)當十(shi)錢，此錢做工較精整美觀，因(yin)(yin)存世較少為(wei)收藏者重視。
同治(zhi)錢(qian)(qian)因鑄錢(qian)(qian)虧損等(deng)原(yuan)因，鑄行很不(bu)正常，時(shi)鑄時(shi)停，現(xian)常見(jian)約有(you)(you)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)泉、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)源(yuan)、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)蘇、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)浙(zhe)、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)鞏(gong)、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)昌、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)川、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)桂(gui)、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)直、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)云、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)東等(deng)局錢(qian)(qian)，其(qi)余(yu)皆(jie)少見(jian)或(huo)僅見(jian)樣錢(qian)(qian)。同治(zhi)年間(jian)僅鑄行了(le)(le)當(dang)十(shi)以下大錢(qian)(qian)，開鑄的錢(qian)(qian)局有(you)(you)：寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)源(yuan)、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)泉、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)云、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)鞏(gong)和(he)新疆(jiang)阿克蘇等(deng)局，大小輕(qing)重也不(bu)一，新疆(jiang)局及寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)鞏(gong)局曾鑄有(you)(you)當(dang)五錢(qian)(qian)，新疆(jiang)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)伊局有(you)(you)當(dang)四(si)錢(qian)(qian)。同治(zhi)時(shi)期(qi)本就鑄錢(qian)(qian)不(bu)多(duo)，民(min)間(jian)又普遍使用(yong)白銀，而且外國機(ji)制銀元的輸入頗多(duo)，且成色(se)制度均有(you)(you)保(bao)證，使用(yong)頗方便，故而銅錢(qian)(qian)的使用(yong)也就日見(jian)減少了(le)(le)。
寶(bao)源局祺祥重寶(bao)當十銅錢。直徑3.48厘(li)米，重18.9克。面文“祺祥重寶(bao)”；背(bei)面穿上下為漢文紀(ji)值“當十”二字，左右為滿文錢局“寶(bao)源”二字。
祺(qi)祥(xiang)重(zhong)(zhong)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)與同治重(zhong)(zhong)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)的合背錢。直徑3.5厘米，重(zhong)(zhong)16.6克。面(mian)文同樣(yang)為(wei)“祺(qi)祥(xiang)重(zhong)(zhong)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)”；背文為(wei)“同治重(zhong)(zhong)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)”。“祺(qi)祥(xiang)重(zhong)(zhong)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)”中(zhong)的“寶(bao)(bao)(bao)”字為(wei)“寶(bao)(bao)(bao)”；“同治重(zhong)(zhong)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)”中(zhong)的“寶(bao)(bao)(bao)”字為(wei)“寶(bao)(bao)(bao)”。
兩(liang)枚錢幣均闊(kuo)緣無(wu)銹，內郭穿口具(ju)有清代錢幣特征，面文和背文文字(zi)端莊嚴整，銅(tong)質細膩，色澤金黃，鑄(zhu)造精(jing)良，保(bao)存良好，令(ling)人百看不厭。根據(ju)《清史(shi)》記載，當為(wei)用上等的云南黃銅(tong)鑄(zhu)造。
清代自順(shun)(shun)治(zhi)登基（1644）始到宣(xuan)統退位(wei)（1911）止，一共經歷(li)順(shun)(shun)治(zhi)、康熙、雍正、乾隆、嘉慶、道光(guang)、咸豐、同治(zhi)、光(guang)緒、宣(xuan)統10代，也就(jiu)是說出了10位(wei)皇帝。按清制每朝只鑄一個(ge)年(nian)號(hao)錢(qian)幣，本應10個(ge)，然而歷(li)史(shi)上(shang)卻發(fa)行(xing)了11個(ge)年(nian)號(hao)的(de)方孔制錢(qian)，這(zhe)多出的(de)一個(ge)便是“祺祥”年(nian)號(hao)錢(qian)。這(zhe)就(jiu)涉及“祺祥”年(nian)號(hao)錢(qian)誕(dan)生和消亡(wang)的(de)歷(li)史(shi)背景——“祺祥政(zheng)變(bian)(bian)”（因(yin)為發(fa)生在辛(xin)酉(you)年(nian)，又稱(cheng)“辛(xin)酉(you)政(zheng)變(bian)(bian)”）。
咸豐(feng)十(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)（1861）七月，咸豐(feng)帝在熱河避暑山莊(zhuang)病逝，以肅順(shun)為(wei)首(shou)的(de)八(ba)位大臣按遺詔，以顧命大臣身份主宰朝政，擁輔(fu)年(nian)(nian)僅(jin)6歲的(de)載(zai)淳太子(zi)繼位，商(shang)定(ding)次年(nian)(nian)改(gai)用寓意(yi)吉祥的(de)“祺(qi)祥”新(xin)年(nian)(nian)號(hao)(hao)，并下令鑄造(zao)了“祺(qi)祥通寶(bao)”、“祺(qi)祥重寶(bao)”制(zhi)錢(qian)。然(ran)而他(ta)們的(de)所作(zuo)所為(wei)，使權(quan)欲熏心的(de)西宮(gong)(gong)(gong)太后慈(ci)禧極度恐慌，她(ta)聯(lian)手(shou)東宮(gong)(gong)(gong)太后慈(ci)安(an)，暗中勾結(jie)恭親王奕?，回京后于9月30日突然(ran)發動(dong)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)廷政變，迅速捕殺了肅順(shun)、載(zai)垣、端華等人。慈(ci)禧太后以輔(fu)助年(nian)(nian)幼皇帝、一(yi)同治(zhi)政為(wei)名(ming)，宣(xuan)布垂簾(lian)聽政，廢除“祺(qi)祥”年(nian)(nian)號(hao)(hao)，改(gai)為(wei)“同治(zhi)”年(nian)(nian)號(hao)(hao)。新(xin)鑄的(de)“祺(qi)祥”錢(qian)幣(bi)被(bei)迅速回爐改(gai)鑄“同治(zhi)”錢(qian)幣(bi)。“祺(qi)祥”年(nian)(nian)號(hao)(hao)錢(qian)由誕生到(dao)消亡(wang)，前后僅(jin)有短短的(de)幾(ji)十(shi)天時間。
正因為“祺(qi)祥(xiang)”年號錢(qian)(qian)發行(xing)時間短暫，因此存世量極少。孫仲匯著《錢(qian)(qian)幣辭典》載(zai)：“祺(qi)祥(xiang)通(tong)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)、祺(qi)祥(xiang)重寶(bao)(bao)(bao)：咸豐十一年（1861）鑄，通(tong)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)小平有寶(bao)(bao)(bao)泉、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)源、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)云、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)蘇、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)鞏五局，后三(san)種(zhong)極罕。重寶(bao)(bao)(bao)當十有寶(bao)(bao)(bao)泉、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)源、寶(bao)(bao)(bao)鞏三(san)局。寶(bao)(bao)(bao)泉局極少。”因此，盡管“祺(qi)祥(xiang)”年號錢(qian)(qian)距今時間不長，物以(yi)稀為貴，像許多年代久遠的古錢(qian)(qian)幣一樣(yang)，被錢(qian)(qian)幣收(shou)藏家視為珍品。
如果(guo)說寶(bao)(bao)源(yuan)局祺(qi)祥(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)重(zhong)(zhong)寶(bao)(bao)當(dang)十銅錢(qian)(qian)比較珍貴，那么祺(qi)祥(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)重(zhong)(zhong)寶(bao)(bao)與(yu)(yu)同(tong)(tong)治(zhi)(zhi)重(zhong)(zhong)寶(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)背(bei)錢(qian)(qian)則更(geng)加珍貴。所謂合(he)背(bei)錢(qian)(qian)，是指誤用(yong)二件面(mian)范（鑄(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)模具中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)面(mian)模）鑄(zhu)(zhu)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)錢(qian)(qian)，雙面(mian)均有(you)錢(qian)(qian)文；大多(duo)出自各個朝(chao)代的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)晚期，是我國(guo)古錢(qian)(qian)幣(bi)中(zhong)(zhong)出現的(de)(de)(de)(de)特殊現象(xiang)，也是比較稀少的(de)(de)(de)(de)版別，受到錢(qian)(qian)幣(bi)收藏家的(de)(de)(de)(de)普遍重(zhong)(zhong)視。祺(qi)祥(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)重(zhong)(zhong)寶(bao)(bao)與(yu)(yu)同(tong)(tong)治(zhi)(zhi)重(zhong)(zhong)寶(bao)(bao)合(he)背(bei)錢(qian)(qian)同(tong)(tong)樣受到華光(guang)普等錢(qian)(qian)幣(bi)收藏家的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)視。一(yi)般認為，其正、背(bei)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)年(nian)號不同(tong)(tong)，是由(you)于“祺(qi)祥(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)”錢(qian)(qian)改鑄(zhu)(zhu)“同(tong)(tong)治(zhi)(zhi)”錢(qian)(qian)時(shi)，因(yin)時(shi)間倉促，鑄(zhu)(zhu)量劇增，鑄(zhu)(zhu)工在操作(zuo)忙亂(luan)中(zhong)(zhong)出現誤用(yong)錢(qian)(qian)范，或有(you)意用(yong)錯錢(qian)(qian)范。加上檢查不嚴(yan)，錯范的(de)(de)(de)(de)祺(qi)祥(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)重(zhong)(zhong)寶(bao)(bao)與(yu)(yu)同(tong)(tong)治(zhi)(zhi)重(zhong)(zhong)寶(bao)(bao)合(he)背(bei)錢(qian)(qian)便流入了市場。這正是清(qing)朝(chao)晚期政治(zhi)(zhi)沒落，吏治(zhi)(zhi)腐敗，綱紀(ji)松(song)弛，錢(qian)(qian)法混亂(luan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)體(ti)現。祺(qi)祥(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)重(zhong)(zhong)寶(bao)(bao)與(yu)(yu)同(tong)(tong)治(zhi)(zhi)重(zhong)(zhong)寶(bao)(bao)合(he)背(bei)錢(qian)(qian)和寶(bao)(bao)源(yuan)局祺(qi)祥(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)重(zhong)(zhong)寶(bao)(bao)當(dang)十銅錢(qian)(qian)一(yi)道，共同(tong)(tong)見證了刀光(guang)劍影、陰險黑暗(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)清(qing)末宮(gong)廷政變，“以錢(qian)(qian)證史”的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要意義得(de)到彰顯。
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