馬寶(1628-1699年),字城璧(bi),號佩瑗,排行(xing)(xing)老(lao)三(san)(san)(san)(san),亦稱三(san)(san)(san)(san)寶,明末陜西平涼府隆德(de)轉(zhuan)角嘴人(今寧夏固原市隆德(de)縣沙塘鎮馬家(jia)河村),1628年孟夏出(chu)(chu)生,出(chu)(chu)生時(shi)母逝,被父棄于山野,三(san)(san)(san)(san)日(ri)后其嫂(sao)去看,禽獸(shou)不食,且(qie)還活著,帶(dai)回家(jia)撫養,異人,食量大,年少力抵成人。魁梧赤眼,擅使鞣鞭槍,足智多謀,英(ying)勇善戰(zhan)。排行(xing)(xing)老(lao)三(san)(san)(san)(san),又因唐初,有(you)(you)驍騎將馬三(san)(san)(san)(san)寶,人羨(xian)其勇,亦以三(san)(san)(san)(san)寶呼之。生有(you)(you)五子,次子自援,恂恂儒雅,諳(an)韻學《等韻》,有(you)(you)詩集行(xing)(xing)世。
祟楨十(shi)六年(nian)(1643年(nian)),李自成(cheng)部(bu)破隆德,馬寶投李自成(cheng)部(bu)隊。李自成(cheng)入(ru)北(bei)京時(1644年(nian)),馬寶已因戰功擢升老營副營總(zong)。
1645年(nian),李自成(cheng)歿(mo)后(hou),寶擁護明桂王朱由榔(lang)(1647年(nian)稱永(yong)歷帝)南(nan)明朝,封(feng)安定伯。
順治(zhi)七年(nian)(nian)(1650)二月(yue)(yue)(yue),平南(nan)王尚可(ke)(ke)喜圍攻廣州(zhou)。五月(yue)(yue)(yue),永(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)歷(li)帝(di)(di)遣(qian)寶(bao)襲清(qing)遠,以救(jiu)廣州(zhou),被可(ke)(ke)喜使將(jiang)擊敗(bai)。八(ba)年(nian)(nian)十(shi)月(yue)(yue)(yue),永(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)歷(li)帝(di)(di)自南(nan)寧(ning)退(tui)安隆,寶(bao)率明(ming)軍轉戰廣西山谷間。九年(nian)(nian)五月(yue)(yue)(yue),永(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)歷(li)帝(di)(di)遣(qian)李定國攻兩廣,連(lian)陷(xian)桂(gui)林、柳州(zhou),寶(bao)率兵與(yu)定國聚。十(shi)月(yue)(yue)(yue),寶(bao)率廣西明(ming)軍東取陽山、連(lian)州(zhou),占領廣東西北部。十(shi)年(nian)(nian)四(si)月(yue)(yue)(yue),攻肇(zhao)慶兵敗(bai),隨可(ke)(ke)望走貴(gui)州(zhou)。十(shi)三年(nian)(nian),定國奉(feng)永(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)歷(li)帝(di)(di)入云(yun)南(nan)。十(shi)四(si)年(nian)(nian),可(ke)(ke)望據貴(gui)州(zhou)叛,永(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)歷(li)帝(di)(di)遣(qian)定國討(tao)之,可(ke)(ke)望使寶(bao)間道襲云(yun)南(nan),欲掩(yan)執永(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)歷(li)帝(di)(di)。然(ran)可(ke)(ke)望拔扈,部下不(bu)執其令(ling)。寶(bao)得知沐(mu)天(tian)波守(shou)云(yun)南(nan),停兵不(bu)進(jin),暗(an)示定國襲擊可(ke)(ke)望,可(ke)(ke)望敗(bai)逃。寶(bao)歸云(yun)南(nan),十(shi)四(si)年(nian)(nian)十(shi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)永(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)歷(li)帝(di)(di)封寶(bao)淮國公(gong)。
十六年(nian)(nian),南明(ming)朝兵(bing)敗,永歷帝自騰越(yue)奔(ben)南甸,寶(bao)走鶴慶,又至麗江(jiang)、蘭坪州,十月在劍川無(wu)奈(nai)剃發降清。三(san)桂見寶(bao)獷(guang)猛(meng),厚結之。十七年(nian)(nian),三(san)桂奏請(qing)以(yi)降兵(bing)為十營(ying)(ying),營(ying)(ying)千二百人,以(yi)投誠官(guan)分統之。并擬(ni)寶(bao)等為總兵(bing)官(guan),清廷部議如所請(qing),封寶(bao)為右都(dou)督充中營(ying)(ying)總兵(bing)官(guan)。
十八(ba)年,三桂遣寶(bao)剿(jiao)馬乃土司龍兆吉,斬(zhan)之。康熙(xi)五(wu)年,寶(bao)調曲靖武營總兵(bing)官。
康熙十二(er)年十一月,三桂復(fu)明,改國(guo)號為周(zhou)元年,鑄印曰“天下都招討(tao)兵馬大元帥之印”,封寶國(guo)公,銜(xian)為鐵騎總管將軍。
寶(bao)(bao)(bao)自云南(nan)率(lv)(lv)軍(jun)(jun)先驅陷(xian)貴州(zhou)(zhou),貴州(zhou)(zhou)提督李(li)本深于貴陽率(lv)(lv)部歸迎。寶(bao)(bao)(bao)兵(bing)(bing)至鎮遠,巡撫曹申吉、總兵(bing)(bing)王永清(qing)(qing)皆(jie)降(jiang)。十三(san)年,寶(bao)(bao)(bao)至湖南(nan),用奇兵(bing)(bing)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)陷(xian)沅州(zhou)(zhou)、辰州(zhou)(zhou),俘清(qing)(qing)總兵(bing)(bing)官(guan)崔世祿;清(qing)(qing)巡撫盧(lu)(lu)震棄長(chang)(chang)(chang)沙(sha)(sha),逃往岳(yue)(yue)州(zhou)(zhou)。荊襄(xiang)的清(qing)(qing)廷兵(bing)(bing)將(jiang),皆(jie)不(bu)(bu)敢渡江(jiang)(jiang)赴(fu)援。吳(wu)應麟援兵(bing)(bing)繼(ji)至,寶(bao)(bao)(bao)先后(hou)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)下(xia)常德、岳(yue)(yue)州(zhou)(zhou)、澧州(zhou)(zhou)、衡陽等四(si)州(zhou)(zhou)一府(fu).四(si)川巡撫盧(lu)(lu)森,長(chang)(chang)(chang)沙(sha)(sha)副將(jiang)黃(huang)正(zheng)卿,岳(yue)(yue)州(zhou)(zhou)參(can)將(jiang)李(li)國(guo)棟投降(jiang)。寶(bao)(bao)(bao)占領了川湘(xiang)一帶(dai),聲勢日盛。三(san)桂赴(fu)常州(zhou)(zhou)督師,令(ling)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)嚴守(shou)岳(yue)(yue)州(zhou)(zhou),扼(e)洞庭湖口(kou),布(bu)重兵(bing)(bing)于澧州(zhou)(zhou)、石(shi)首、花容(rong)、松滋之(zhi)間(jian).為(wei)(wei)(wei)犄角之(zhi)勢。寶(bao)(bao)(bao)續襲江(jiang)(jiang)西。十四(si)年正(zheng)月(yue)(yue),康熙令(ling)岳(yue)(yue)樂進逼長(chang)(chang)(chang)沙(sha)(sha),寶(bao)(bao)(bao)據岳(yue)(yue)州(zhou)(zhou),出沒湖湘(xiang)間(jian),道路(lu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)梗。十五年三(san)月(yue)(yue),清(qing)(qing)兵(bing)(bing)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)長(chang)(chang)(chang)沙(sha)(sha),寶(bao)(bao)(bao)令(ling)所屬彝陵、南(nan)漳諸將(jiang)領分擾清(qing)(qing)營。十一月(yue)(yue),清(qing)(qing)兵(bing)(bing)圍長(chang)(chang)(chang)沙(sha)(sha),寶(bao)(bao)(bao)自岳(yue)(yue)州(zhou)(zhou)馳(chi)援,長(chang)(chang)(chang)沙(sha)(sha)圍解。十六年九月(yue)(yue),寶(bao)(bao)(bao)率(lv)(lv)大(da)(da)軍(jun)(jun)萬余攻(gong)(gong)(gong)克(ke)韶州(zhou)(zhou),渡河至蓮花山,薄羅江(jiang)(jiang),被清(qing)(qing)軍(jun)(jun)內外(wai)(wai)夾擊,失利奔帽峰山。十二(er)月(yue)(yue),寶(bao)(bao)(bao)率(lv)(lv)軍(jun)(jun)赴(fu)衡州(zhou)(zhou)。十七年正(zheng)月(yue)(yue),又(you)由宜(yi)章入(ru)廣西,二(er)月(yue)(yue),復(fu)至衡州(zhou)(zhou),營江(jiang)(jiang)東岸為(wei)(wei)(wei)聲援。六月(yue)(yue)初,寶(bao)(bao)(bao)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)下(xia)彬州(zhou)(zhou),率(lv)(lv)數(shu)萬人馬南(nan)下(xia),又(you)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)衡州(zhou)(zhou)大(da)(da)門永興,清(qing)(qing)都統伊里布(bu),副都統哈(ha)克(ke)山相繼(ji)戰死(si)。寶(bao)(bao)(bao)占領清(qing)(qing)軍(jun)(jun)河外(wai)(wai)營壘,清(qing)(qing)統領碩岱城中(zhong)固守(shou)。寶(bao)(bao)(bao)三(san)面(mian)環攻(gong)(gong)(gong),晝夜(ye)不(bu)(bu)停。八月(yue)(yue),永興將(jiang)攻(gong)(gong)(gong)下(xia),三(san)桂亡,寶(bao)(bao)(bao)焚兵(bing)(bing)營撤軍(jun)(jun),吳(wu)諸將(jiang)立世璠,世璠拜寶(bao)(bao)(bao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)少傅兼(jian)太子太傅、掛大(da)(da)將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)印總統,專司閫(kun)外(wai)(wai),銜為(wei)(wei)(wei)兵(bing)(bing)馬大(da)(da)元帥。
十(shi)(shi)八年五月(yue),簡(jian)親(qin)王喇布給(gei)益陽知縣徐璫參議道銜,齎諭招(zhao)撫,寶(bao)殺之。十(shi)(shi)月(yue),上降(jiang)敕(chi)諭寶(bao)曰:“爾等(deng)本系(xi)吳三桂(gui)藩下人。三桂(gui)反叛,爾等(deng)率黨(dang)抗(kang)拒大兵,或非本懷。爾若能悔(hui)罪歸誠,前罪悉(xi)赦(she),仍論(lun)功敘錄。標下將士,概從(cong)寬宥,酌量(liang)加恩。爾其盡釋疑衷(zhong),勉圖后效”。寶(bao)抗(kang)拒如故。清兵復(fu)湖南、廣西(xi),寶(bao)退貴州,守遵義。十(shi)(shi)九年正月(yue),清兵攻克四川(chuan)保寧,王屏藩窮蹙(cu),自(zi)殺。三月(yue),寶(bao)復(fu)襲四川(chuan),攻克瀘(lu)州、敘州。在四川(chuan)時,曾派人馱(tuo)貨捎書至故里,感念(nian)嫂(sao)嫂(sao)恩澤.兄長教悔(hui),悔(hui)恨不(bu)諳時勢,恐(kong)招(zhao)殃及己身。
二十年二月,清將(jiang)彰泰圍吳世(shi)璠(fan)于云南昆明,世(shi)璠(fan)危迫,趨寶(bao)(bao)自四川回(hui)援。寶(bao)(bao)棄敘(xu)州,退(tui)守遵義(yi),五月癸(gui)丑朔,清提督(du)周(zhou)卜(bu)世(shi)至,寶(bao)(bao)曰:“我以(yi)一旅頓鎮(zhen)遠,則汝輩安得長驅至此!特以(yi)天命已去(qu),雖竊據(ju)一方,亦(yi)復何(he)益?故不(bu)為耳。”寶(bao)(bao)率部(bu)棄城走。六月,寶(bao)(bao)再次于烏蒙山(shan)佯敗以(yi)誘清都(dou)督(du)希福攻擊,希福等至烏木山(shan),寶(bao)(bao)據(ju)險相持,敵強我弱,未幾,寶(bao)(bao)越山(shan)遁,僅(jin)以(yi)身免。(寶(bao)(bao)以(yi)偽身至姚安,偽身與潰卒百(bai)人七月赴希福軍前降,九月磔于市。)
1681年6月滇黔邊境烏木(mu)山之(zhi)戰,標致(zhi)反清(qing)復(fu)明徹(che)底(di)失敗,寶之(zhi)次(ci)子(zi)自(zi)援氓村,三子(zi)應先遂跡滇南蒙自(zi);淮國公(gong)與長子(zi)、四子(zi)、季子(zi)自(zi)奇(qi)及家口,在逃避清(qing)軍(jun)圍追阻截的過(guo)程中,偶(ou)遇貨郎挑壇(tan)子(zi)過(guo)路(lu),與人(ren)換了(le)著(zhu)裝,接(jie)過(guo)壇(tan)子(zi)挑肩上,得(de)以脫身,后(hou)知其人(ren)羊潛虎死,淮國公(gong)對家人(ren)曰:“不(bu)知他人(ren)姓(xing)氏(shi)名誰,就跟著(zhu)壇(tan)子(zi)姓(xing)吧(ba)”,一為紀念(nian)他人(ren)救命之(zhi)恩,二為隱名埋姓(xing),就改姓(xing)譚(取(qu)“壇(tan)”之(zhi)音)了(le),
一(yi)代梟(xiao)雄(xiong),從鄉(xiang)俚走來,轟(hong)轟(hong)烈(lie)(lie)烈(lie)(lie)半生,還歸鄉(xiang)俚,隱(yin)姓埋(mai)名,頤養天年(nian),無疾而終(zhong),享年(nian)七十一(yi)歲,葬于岱港(gang)村的花紅(hong)樹包包。