慕容皝(297年~348年),字元真,小(xiao)字萬年,昌黎棘城(今遼(liao)寧省義縣)人(ren),鮮卑(bei)族。十(shi)六(liu)國時期前燕開國君(jun)主,西晉遼(liao)東(dong)公慕容廆第三子。
慕(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)皝(huang)勇武(wu)(wu)(wu)剛(gang)毅(yi),頗有謀(mou)略(lve),崇尚經(jing)學,熟悉天文,被(bei)立為(wei)(wei)遼東公(gong)世(shi)子(zi)(zi)。建武(wu)(wu)(wu)初(chu)年(nian)(nian),拜(bai)冠(guan)軍(jun)將軍(jun)、左賢王、望平(ping)侯。太寧(ning)末年(nian)(nian),拜(bai)平(ping)北將軍(jun)、朝鮮公(gong)。咸(xian)(xian)和(he)八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(333年(nian)(nian)),襲封遼東郡公(gong),授平(ping)北將軍(jun)、平(ping)州(zhou)刺(ci)史,統治(zhi)遼東地(di)區(qu)。咸(xian)(xian)和(he)九年(nian)(nian)(334年(nian)(nian)),派兵攻(gong)殺鮮卑木堤和(he)烏丸悉羅侯。咸(xian)(xian)康二年(nian)(nian)(336年(nian)(nian)),從海路踏冰(bing)攻(gong)殺慕(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)仁。咸(xian)(xian)康三年(nian)(nian)(337年(nian)(nian))十(shi)月,聽(ting)從謀(mou)臣封弈(yi)的勸(quan)進,自稱燕(yan)王,建立前燕(yan)政權(quan),追(zhui)封慕(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)廆(hui)為(wei)(wei)武(wu)(wu)(wu)宣王,夫人段氏(shi)為(wei)(wei)武(wu)(wu)(wu)宣后,冊立世(shi)子(zi)(zi)慕(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)儁為(wei)(wei)燕(yan)國太子(zi)(zi)。咸(xian)(xian)康七年(nian)(nian)(341年(nian)(nian)),被(bei)東晉(jin)冊封為(wei)(wei)燕(yan)王,授使(shi)持(chi)節(jie)、大(da)將軍(jun)、都(dou)督河北諸軍(jun)事(shi)、幽(you)州(zhou)牧(mu)、大(da)單于。咸(xian)(xian)康八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(342年(nian)(nian)),遷都(dou)于龍城。永和(he)四(si)年(nian)(nian)(348年(nian)(nian)),慕(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)皝(huang)去世(shi),享年(nian)(nian)五十(shi)二歲。慕(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)儁稱帝后,追(zhui)封皇(huang)帝,謚號(hao)文明,廟號(hao)太祖。
慕容皝雄毅多權略,崇尚漢文(wen)(wen)化。在位期間(jian),平(ping)定內部(bu)(bu)(bu)叛亂(luan),擊敗宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)和段部(bu)(bu)(bu)鮮卑(bei),擊退后趙進攻(gong),攻(gong)破高(gao)句麗,威(wei)震(zhen)北(bei)方地區,為日后前燕入主中原打下了堅實的(de)基礎(chu)。
西晉元康七年(297年),慕(mu)容(rong)皝出生,是鮮(xian)卑慕(mu)容(rong)部(bu)首領慕(mu)容(rong)廆第三子,母為段夫(fu)人。
眉(mei)骨隆起有帝王之相,門牙寬闊整齊,身高七尺八寸。雄俊(jun)剛毅,富有權謀(mou)策(ce)略,崇(chong)尚經學,擅長天文。慕(mu)容廆任遼(liao)東公時,立慕(mu)容皝(huang)為世子。
建(jian)武初年(317年),授冠軍將軍、左(zuo)賢(xian)王,封為望平(ping)侯,帶領軍隊征討,屢(lv)建(jian)戰功(gong)。晉明帝(di)太寧末年,授平(ping)北(bei)將軍,進封朝鮮(xian)公(gong)。
東晉咸和八年(nian)(333年(nian)),慕容廆去世,慕容皝繼位,以平北將軍的身份兼任平州(zhou)刺史,總管部(bu)內。不久,宇文乞得(de)龜遭到別(bie)部(bu)宇文逸豆歸(gui)(gui)(gui)驅逐,在外地奔走喪命,慕容皝帶領騎(qi)兵(bing)討伐宇文逸豆歸(gui)(gui)(gui),宇文逸豆歸(gui)(gui)(gui)畏懼而(er)(er)請求講和,于是筑(zhu)起榆陰、安晉二(er)城而(er)(er)返(fan)回。
當(dang)初(chu),慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)(huang)(huang)的(de)(de)庶(shu)兄建威將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)軍慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)翰為(wei)人(ren)驍勇,有雄武之才,一直受到(dao)慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)(huang)(huang)的(de)(de)嫉(ji)恨。他(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)同母弟征(zheng)虜將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)軍慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)仁(ren)、廣武將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)軍慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)昭(zhao)都受到(dao)其父慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)廆的(de)(de)寵愛,慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)(huang)(huang)心中也憤憤不平(ping)。慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)廆死后,他(ta)(ta)(ta)們都怕自(zi)己將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)不能被慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)(huang)(huang)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)納。此時,慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)翰出奔段遼(liao),慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)仁(ren)勸慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)昭(zhao)起兵(bing)廢(fei)黜慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)(huang)(huang)。于是(shi)慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)(huang)(huang)殺慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)昭(zhao),并且派(pai)使(shi)者探(tan)查慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)仁(ren)的(de)(de)虛實,在險瀆與(yu)慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)仁(ren)遭遇。慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)仁(ren)知(zhi)道事(shi)已敗(bai)露,殺了慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)(huang)(huang)的(de)(de)使(shi)者,向東(dong)回(hui)到(dao)平(ping)郭(今遼(liao)寧省熊(xiong)岳市(shi))。慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)(huang)(huang)派(pai)遣其弟建武將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)軍慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)幼、司馬佟壽等人(ren)討(tao)伐他(ta)(ta)(ta)。慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)仁(ren)帶領全(quan)部(bu)人(ren)馬抵抗,慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)幼等大敗(bai),都淪入敵手。襄平(ping)令(ling)王冰、將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)軍孫(sun)機攜遼(liao)東(dong)反叛慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)(huang)(huang),東(dong)夷(yi)校尉封(feng)抽、護軍乙逸(yi)、遼(liao)東(dong)相韓矯、玄菟太守高詡(xu)等棄城逃回(hui)。慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)仁(ren)于是(shi)占有遼(liao)東(dong)的(de)(de)全(quan)部(bu)土地(di),自(zi)稱車騎將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)軍、平(ping)州刺史、遼(liao)東(dong)公。宇文(wen)逸(yi)豆歸、段遼(liao)及鮮卑諸部(bu)都作為(wei)他(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)后援(yuan)。
東晉(jin)咸和九(jiu)年(nian)(334年(nian)),慕(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)(huang)派(pai)遣司馬封弈(yi)到白狼攻(gong)(gong)打鮮(xian)卑酋(qiu)長木堤,揚威將軍(jun)淑虞(yu)在(zai)平岡攻(gong)(gong)打烏丸悉(xi)羅侯,把(ba)他們(men)都(dou)斬了(le)(le)。材(cai)官劉佩攻(gong)(gong)打乙連(lian),未能獲(huo)勝(sheng)。段(duan)遼不(bu)(bu)久便劫掠(lve)徒河(he)(今(jin)錦(jin)州市(shi)),慕(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)(huang)部將張萌迎戰,打敗(bai)了(le)(le)他們(men)。段(duan)遼弟(di)段(duan)蘭(lan)(lan)與慕(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)翰劫掠(lve)柳城(cheng)(今(jin)朝陽(yang)市(shi)),被都(dou)尉石琮(cong)擊敗(bai)。十(shi)(shi)余天后,段(duan)蘭(lan)(lan)、慕(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)翰再次包圍(wei)柳城(cheng),慕(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)(huang)派(pai)寧(ning)遠將軍(jun)慕(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)汗(han)和封弈(yi)等人(ren)前往解救。慕(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)(huang)告(gao)誡慕(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)汗(han)說:“賊兵(bing)人(ren)多氣盛(sheng),我們(men)很難與他們(men)一(yi)爭勝(sheng)負,應該全面考(kao)慮,千(qian)(qian)萬不(bu)(bu)要輕易行動,必須集中兵(bing)力、整理陣容(rong)(rong)(rong),然(ran)后再進(jin)擊。”慕(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)汗(han)性(xing)格(ge)勇猛(meng)敏銳,派(pai)千(qian)(qian)余騎(qi)兵(bing)作為前鋒(feng)而展開進(jin)攻(gong)(gong),封弈(yi)制止(zhi)他,慕(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)汗(han)不(bu)(bu)聽(ting)從,被段(duan)蘭(lan)(lan)打敗(bai),士(shi)兵(bing)死(si)亡大半。段(duan)蘭(lan)(lan)又進(jin)攻(gong)(gong)柳城(cheng),造飛梯、挖地道(dao),圍(wei)困二十(shi)(shi)日,石琮(cong)親自率領將士(shi)出擊,打敗(bai)了(le)(le)他們(men),斬首一(yi)千(qian)(qian)五(wu)百級,段(duan)蘭(lan)(lan)才逃回。
同年,晉成帝派遣謁者徐孟、閭丘幸等持(chi)節(jie)(jie)授任慕(mu)(mu)容(rong)皝(huang)(huang)為鎮軍(jun)大(da)將(jiang)軍(jun)、平(ping)州刺史(shi)、大(da)單于、遼(liao)東(dong)公(gong),持(chi)節(jie)(jie)、都督、承制封(feng)拜等事宜,都與先前(qian)慕(mu)(mu)容(rong)廆時相同。慕(mu)(mu)容(rong)皝(huang)(huang)親自征(zheng)討遼(liao)東(dong),攻克襄平(ping),慕(mu)(mu)容(rong)仁所任命的居就令劉程攜(xie)城歸(gui)降慕(mu)(mu)容(rong)皝(huang)(huang),新(xin)昌人張衡也(ye)拘捕了(le)縣(xian)宰(zai)投降他(ta)。慕(mu)(mu)容(rong)皝(huang)(huang)斬殺了(le)慕(mu)(mu)容(rong)仁所設置的地(di)方官吏(li),把遼(liao)東(dong)大(da)姓分遷到棘城,設置和陽、武次、西樂三縣(xian)而返回(hui)。
東晉咸(xian)康二年(336年),派(pai)封(feng)弈襲擊(ji)宇(yu)文別部涉奕(yi)于(yu),大勝而還。涉奕(yi)于(yu)率(lv)騎兵追擊(ji),在(zai)渾(hun)水(shui)(shui)交戰,又一次打敗(bai)了(le)(le)他們。慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容皝(huang)將要(yao)從(cong)海(hai)道討伐慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容仁,部將都勸諫他,說海(hai)道危(wei)險(xian)艱難(nan),還是走陸路為宜。慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容皝(huang)說:“以(yi)往海(hai)水(shui)(shui)不見冰(bing)凌(ling),自慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容仁謀反以(yi)來(lai),已三次封(feng)凍。從(cong)前漢光武帝憑借著滹沱之冰(bing)成就了(le)(le)大業,上天或(huo)許想(xiang)讓我乘此良機而擊(ji)敗(bai)他吧!我的(de)(de)主意已定,若有誰阻(zu)撓我的(de)(de)計謀就斬首!”便率(lv)領三軍從(cong)昌黎(li)踏著冰(bing)凌(ling)前進。慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容仁沒有料到(dao)慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容皝(huang)的(de)(de)到(dao)來(lai),直至三軍距離平郭(guo)七里時,了(le)(le)望偵察的(de)(de)騎兵才來(lai)報告,慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容仁狼(lang)狽出擊(ji),被慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容皝(huang)擒獲,慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容皝(huang)殺(sha)了(le)(le)他而返回。在(zai)朝陽門東規(gui)劃好親自耕作(zuo)、勉勵(li)農事的(de)(de)耕田,設官司來(lai)主管此事。
東(dong)晉咸康二(er)年(nian)(336年(nian)),段遼(liao)派(pai)部將(jiang)李詠夜(ye)襲武(wu)興(今河北省遷安市(shi)),遇到(dao)雨(yu)天(tian),撤回(hui),都(dou)尉張萌冒雨(yu)追擊(ji),擒獲李詠。段蘭(lan)擁有數萬士兵(bing)(bing)屯于(yu)曲水亭,打(da)(da)(da)算攻打(da)(da)(da)柳城(cheng)(cheng),宇文逸(yi)豆(dou)歸(gui)(gui)入侵安晉(今遼(liao)陽市(shi)),作(zuo)為段蘭(lan)的(de)聲(sheng)援。慕(mu)容皝(huang)率(lv)領五萬步騎(qi)(qi)迎擊(ji),隊伍在(zai)柳城(cheng)(cheng)宿營,段蘭(lan)、宇文逸(yi)豆(dou)歸(gui)(gui)聞風而逃。慕(mu)容皝(huang)派(pai)封弈帶輕騎(qi)(qi)追擊(ji),打(da)(da)(da)敗了(le)他們(men),繳(jiao)獲了(le)他們(men)軍中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)資(zi)糧,在(zai)軍中(zhong)(zhong)居住就食,二(er)十(shi)余天(tian)后返(fan)回(hui)。慕(mu)容皝(huang)對各位(wei)將(jiang)領說:“二(er)敵為無功而歸(gui)(gui)感到(dao)恥辱,一定會再次前(qian)來,我們(men)應在(zai)柳城(cheng)(cheng)左(zuo)右設下(xia)伏兵(bing)(bing)來等(deng)候他們(men)。”派(pai)封弈帶領騎(qi)(qi)兵(bing)(bing)潛伏在(zai)馬兒(er)山的(de)各條道路(lu)上(shang)。不久(jiu),段遼(liao)的(de)騎(qi)(qi)兵(bing)(bing)果(guo)然來到(dao),封弈兩路(lu)夾(jia)擊(ji),大(da)獲全勝(sheng),殺了(le)對方的(de)將(jiang)領榮保。派(pai)兼(jian)長(chang)史劉斌、郎中(zhong)(zhong)令(ling)陽景送徐孟等(deng)回(hui)京師。慕(mu)容皝(huang)派(pai)世子慕(mu)容儁討伐段遼(liao)的(de)諸(zhu)處城(cheng)(cheng)堡,派(pai)封弈攻打(da)(da)(da)宇文別部,都(dou)大(da)勝(sheng)而返(fan)。
慕容(rong)皝(huang)(huang)又樹立求諫(jian)言的(de)木(mu)柱,以廣開直言之(zhi)(zhi)路。東(dong)晉咸康(kang)三年(337年),遷徙到昌黎郡(jun)。三月,在乙連城(cheng)(cheng)以東(dong)修筑(zhu)好城(cheng)(cheng),派(pai)折沖將軍蘭勃(bo)防(fang)守(shou),以對乙連造成(cheng)威脅。又在曲水(shui)筑(zhu)城(cheng)(cheng),作為蘭勃(bo)的(de)后(hou)援。乙連城(cheng)(cheng)遭逢嚴重(zhong)的(de)饑荒,四月,段(duan)遼使用數千輛車(che)向乙連城(cheng)(cheng)運糧,蘭勃(bo)伏擊攔劫得到了(le)糧食。六(liu)月,段(duan)遼派(pai)堂(tang)弟揚威將軍屈云率領精銳(rui)騎兵乘夜間(jian)偷(tou)襲在興國城(cheng)(cheng)的(de)慕容(rong)皝(huang)(huang)之(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)慕容(rong)遵,與慕容(rong)遵在五官水(shui)上激(ji)戰,屈云戰敗(bai),慕容(rong)遵斬(zhan)了(le)他,把(ba)他的(de)士眾全(quan)部俘虜。
東晉咸康(kang)三年(337年)九月(yue),鎮軍左長史(shi)封(feng)弈等人(ren)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)慕容(rong)皝(huang)責任重而權位輕,應稱(cheng)燕王,慕容(rong)皝(huang)采納。于(yu)是(shi)設(she)置各個官(guan)署(shu),任封(feng)弈為(wei)(wei)(wei)國(guo)相,韓壽為(wei)(wei)(wei)司(si)馬,裴開為(wei)(wei)(wei)奉常、陽騖為(wei)(wei)(wei)司(si)隸、王寓(yu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)太仆、李(li)洪為(wei)(wei)(wei)大理、杜群(qun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)納言(yan)令(ling)、宋該、劉瞻、石琮為(wei)(wei)(wei)常伯、皇(huang)甫(fu)真、陽協(xie)為(wei)(wei)(wei)冗(rong)騎(qi)常侍、宋晃、平熙、張泓(hong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)將軍,封(feng)裕為(wei)(wei)(wei)記室監。
同(tong)年十月(yue),慕容皝即燕王(wang)位,史(shi)稱前(qian)燕,并實行大赦。修建文(wen)昌殿,乘坐以黃金為(wei)飾的根(gen)車,用六匹(pi)馬(ma)駕車,出入要清道警戒。十一月(yue),追尊父親武宣(xuan)公慕容廆為(wei)武宣(xuan)王(wang),母親段(duan)氏(shi)稱為(wei)武宣(xuan)后(hou)。又(you)立自己的夫(fu)人段(duan)氏(shi)為(wei)王(wang)后(hou),冊立世子(zi)慕容儁為(wei)王(wang)太子(zi),一切如(ru)同(tong)魏武帝曹操、晉(jin)文(wen)帝司馬(ma)昭(zhao)輔政(zheng)時一樣(yang)。
東晉咸康三(san)年(337年),慕(mu)容皝(huang)因段遼常(chang)成為(wei)邊境的(de)禍患,派揚烈將(jiang)軍宋回向后趙(zhao)石虎(hu)(hu)稱臣,請(qing)求出兵(bing)討伐(fa)段遼。自言將(jiang)率(lv)領(ling)國內所(suo)有士眾會同(tong)討伐(fa),并讓(rang)自己的(de)兄弟寧遠將(jiang)軍慕(mu)容汗(han)到后趙(zhao)當人質(zhi)。后趙(zhao)王石虎(hu)(hu)大(da)為(wei)喜悅(yue),盛(sheng)情(qing)撫尉、酬答,謝(xie)絕慕(mu)容汗(han)為(wei)人質(zhi),遣(qian)送他返(fan)回,與慕(mu)容皝(huang)秘密約(yue)定(ding)第二年會合。
東晉咸康四年(nian)(338年(nian)),石(shi)(shi)虎(hu)率(lv)士(shi)卒而(er)(er)(er)至。慕(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)率(lv)諸軍(jun)(jun)攻打段遼(liao)(liao)的令(ling)支(zhi)以北諸城,段遼(liao)(liao)派(pai)部將(jiang)段蘭(lan)抵抗,雙方大戰(zhan)(zhan),段蘭(lan)戰(zhan)(zhan)敗(bai),慕(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)軍(jun)(jun)隊(dui)斬殺敵人首級數千(qian),擄掠五(wu)千(qian)余戶而(er)(er)(er)回(hui)。石(shi)(shi)虎(hu)到了徐(xu)無(wu),段遼(liao)(liao)逃往密云(yun)山(shan)(shan)。石(shi)(shi)虎(hu)進入令(ling)支(zhi),因慕(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)不來會師(shi)而(er)(er)(er)發怒,進軍(jun)(jun)攻打,直至棘城,數十(shi)(shi)萬(wan)軍(jun)(jun)士(shi)四面進攻,慕(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)所轄郡縣各(ge)部有三十(shi)(shi)六城反叛慕(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)而(er)(er)(er)歸順石(shi)(shi)虎(hu)。雙方相持十(shi)(shi)多天,諸將(jiang)勸(quan)慕(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)投(tou)(tou)降。慕(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)說:“我剛取得天下,怎能(neng)投(tou)(tou)降呢!”派(pai)其(qi)子慕(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)恪等帶(dai)領二千(qian)騎(qi)兵(bing),清(qing)晨出城攻擊(ji)圍城部隊(dui)。石(shi)(shi)虎(hu)諸軍(jun)(jun)驚恐混(hun)亂,丟(diu)鑒棄甲而(er)(er)(er)逃。慕(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)恪乘勝(sheng)追擊(ji),斬殺俘(fu)獲(huo)三萬(wan)余人,筑凡城(今遼(liao)(liao)寧省(sheng)喀左縣)設(she)下防守而(er)(er)(er)還。段遼(liao)(liao)派(pai)使者向(xiang)石(shi)(shi)虎(hu)詐稱投(tou)(tou)降,請求出兵(bing)接(jie)應。石(shi)(shi)虎(hu)派(pai)將(jiang)領麻(ma)秋率(lv)眾迎(ying)接(jie)段遼(liao)(liao),慕(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)恪在(zai)密云(yun)山(shan)(shan)埋伏了七千(qian)精(jing)銳(rui)的騎(qi)兵(bing),大敗(bai)敵軍(jun)(jun),擒獲(huo)司馬陽裕、將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)鮮(xian)于亮,裹(guo)挾(xie)段遼(liao)(liao)及其(qi)部眾返(fan)回(hui)。
晉成帝又(you)派(pai)使(shi)者(zhe)來進(jin)封慕容皝(huang)(huang)為征北大將軍、幽州牧(mu),兼平州刺史,加散騎常侍,增加一(yi)萬戶(hu)食邑,持節、都督(du)、單于(yu)、公爵(jue)位依舊。慕容皝(huang)(huang)前軍帥慕容評在遼(liao)西打(da)敗了石(shi)虎(hu)將石(shi)成等,斬(zhan)殺將領呼延(yan)晃(huang)、張支(zhi),劫掠一(yi)千余戶(hu)而歸。段(duan)遼(liao)陰謀反叛,慕容皝(huang)(huang)將其誅殺。咸康五年(339年),石(shi)虎(hu)又(you)派(pai)石(shi)成入侵攻打(da)凡(fan)城,未能攻克(ke),進(jin)兵(bing)攻陷廣(guang)城。
東(dong)晉(jin)(jin)咸(xian)康六年(nian)(nian)(340年(nian)(nian)),慕(mu)容(rong)皝(huang)(huang)因自(zi)稱(cheng)(cheng)燕王未(wei)受東(dong)晉(jin)(jin)朝(chao)(chao)命,派長史劉(liu)翔向(xiang)建康獻捷,兼求假燕王璽綬,又(you)(you)請大舉出兵平(ping)定中(zhong)原(yuan)。不過當時(shi)朝(chao)(chao)廷議論(lun)未(wei)肯容(rong)讓(rang)慕(mu)容(rong)皝(huang)(huang)稱(cheng)(cheng)王。此時(shi)慕(mu)容(rong)皝(huang)(huang)得(de)知(zhi)庾亮去世,其弟庾冰(bing)及(ji)庾翼分(fen)掌朝(chao)(chao)廷中(zhong)樞及(ji)荊(jing)州要地,于(yu)是上書要晉(jin)(jin)成帝以史為(wei)鑒,親近賢達(da),不要親信(xin)外戚。又(you)(you)寫信(xin)給庾冰(bing),指(zhi)責他掌握朝(chao)(chao)權,卻未(wei)能為(wei)國雪恥,只“安枕(zhen)逍遙,雅談卒歲(sui)”。庾冰(bing)知(zhi)道慕(mu)容(rong)皝(huang)(huang)的上表和書信(xin)后十分(fen)恐(kong)懼,自(zi)以道遠(yuan)而(er)不能控(kong)制他,于(yu)是奏請順應慕(mu)容(rong)皝(huang)(huang)的請求。慕(mu)容(rong)皝(huang)(huang)被(bei)東(dong)晉(jin)(jin)封(feng)為(wei)使持節、大將軍(jun)、都督河北諸軍(jun)事、幽州牧(mu)、大單(dan)于(yu),燕王。
同年(nian)慕(mu)容(rong)皝(huang)伐高(gao)句(ju)麗(li)(li),高(gao)句(ju)麗(li)(li)王高(gao)釗請求(qiu)結盟而還。第二年(nian),高(gao)釗派(pai)遣其世子(zi)朝拜慕(mu)容(rong)皝(huang)。當初,段遼失敗(bai)時,建威將軍(jun)慕(mu)容(rong)翰(han)投奔了宇(yu)文逸(yi)豆歸(gui),自認(ren)為一貫(guan)以威武名揚四方,卻終未保全(quan),便佯裝瘋癲,放縱(zong)飲酒,披(pi)頭散發(fa)長歌短呼。宇(yu)文逸(yi)豆歸(gui)因信任他(ta)而不(bu)加(jia)禁止,所以他(ta)得(de)以自由周游,以至于山川地形,攻戰要路,無不(bu)熟(shu)悉于心。慕(mu)容(rong)皝(huang)派(pai)商人王車暗中觀察慕(mu)容(rong)翰(han),慕(mu)容(rong)翰(han)見到王車后默默無言,只是(shi)撫拍胸脯。王車回來(lai)(lai)把這(zhe)些情(qing)況報告給慕(mu)容(rong)皝(huang),慕(mu)容(rong)皝(huang)說:“慕(mu)容(rong)翰(han)想到我們這(zhe)里(li)來(lai)(lai)啊(a)。”就(jiu)派(pai)王車給慕(mu)容(rong)翰(han)送(song)去弓矢,慕(mu)容(rong)翰(han)盜得(de)宇(yu)文逸(yi)豆歸(gui)的駿馬,帶著他(ta)的兩個兒(er)子(zi)逃了回來(lai)(lai)。
慕(mu)(mu)容皝(huang)將攻取后趙,冷(leng)靜地對各位將領說:“石(shi)虎(hu)自認為樂(le)安諸城(cheng)(cheng)防(fang)守(shou)嚴(yan)密,城(cheng)(cheng)之南(nan)北(bei)必不(bu)設防(fang),如果出其(qi)不(bu)意(yi)從(cong)小路出擊,冀(ji)州北(bei)部(bu)土地可以(yi)全部(bu)攻占。”于是率領二萬騎兵出蠮(ye)螉鐘,長驅到達薊城(cheng)(cheng),進兵渡過(guo)武遂津,進入高(gao)陽,所(suo)過(guo)之處(chu)焚燒財(cai)物(wu),劫掠遷徙幽(you)、冀(ji)三萬余戶。慕(mu)(mu)容皝(huang)又派陽裕、唐柱等(deng)人(ren)修筑龍城(cheng)(cheng),建造宮廟(miao),改柳城(cheng)(cheng)為龍城(cheng)(cheng)縣(xian)。此(ci)時晉成(cheng)帝(di)司馬衍(yan)派兼大(da)鴻臚郭希(xi)持節(jie)授(shou)慕(mu)(mu)容皝(huang)為侍(shi)中、大(da)都督河北(bei)諸軍事、大(da)將軍、燕(yan)王,其(qi)余官職如故。分封功臣百余人(ren)。
東晉(jin)咸康七年(341年),慕(mu)(mu)容皝遷都(dou)龍城(今(jin)遼寧省朝陽(yang)市)。率領四萬精(jing)兵強將,自南陜而入討伐宇文部(bu)、高(gao)句(ju)麗,又派慕(mu)(mu)容翰及其子(zi)慕(mu)(mu)容垂擔任前鋒,派長史(shi)王寓等統領一萬五千(qian)士眾,從北置而進。
高(gao)(gao)(gao)句麗(li)王高(gao)(gao)(gao)釗(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)以(yi)為慕容(rong)皝軍從北(bei)路進犯(fan),便(bian)派其(qi)弟高(gao)(gao)(gao)武統率五萬精(jing)兵在北(bei)置抵抗(kang),自(zi)己(ji)帶著弱卒防守南(nan)陜。慕容(rong)翰與(yu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)釗(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)在木(mu)底交(jiao)戰,大敗高(gao)(gao)(gao)釗(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)軍,乘勝(sheng)攻入高(gao)(gao)(gao)句麗(li)都(dou)城(cheng)丸都(dou),高(gao)(gao)(gao)釗(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)單槍匹馬而逃(tao)。慕容(rong)皝掘開高(gao)(gao)(gao)釗(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)父親高(gao)(gao)(gao)乙弗(fu)利的墓穴,用車載著尸體及其(qi)母妻和珍寶(bao),劫掠了五萬余男(nan)女百姓(xing),焚燒掉高(gao)(gao)(gao)釗(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)的宮室,毀滅了丸都(dou)而歸。
第二年(342年),高(gao)釗派遣(qian)使者向慕(mu)容皝稱(cheng)臣,貢獻地方特(te)產(chan)等各(ge)類財物(wu),慕(mu)容皝才(cai)把他(ta)父親(qin)的尸體歸還給他(ta)。
宇文逸豆(dou)歸(gui)派遣國相莫(mo)淺渾討伐慕(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)皝(huang),諸(zhu)將(jiang)請求應(ying)戰(zhan),慕(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)皝(huang)不答應(ying)。莫(mo)淺渾以為慕(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)皝(huang)害怕自己,便沉溺在(zai)縱酒田獵之中,不再設防。慕(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)皝(huang)說:“莫(mo)淺渾奢(she)侈怠惰已(yi)到了(le)極點,現在(zai)我(wo)們可以一戰(zhan)了(le)。”派慕(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)翰(han)帶領騎兵進擊(ji),莫(mo)淺渾大敗(bai),僥(jiao)幸只(zhi)身脫逃,慕(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)翰(han)全部(bu)俘虜了(le)他(ta)的(de)士(shi)卒。慕(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)皝(huang)巡視(shi)郡縣,勸勉考核農事(shi),建起龍城宮闕。
建元二(er)年(344年),慕容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)(huang)又率領二(er)萬(wan)騎(qi)兵討伐宇文(wen)逸(yi)豆(dou)歸(gui),以(yi)(yi)慕容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)翰(han)(han)(han)及慕容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)垂(chui)作(zuo)為前(qian)鋒。宇文(wen)逸(yi)豆(dou)歸(gui)指使(shi)他的(de)(de)騎(qi)兵將領涉(she)奕(yi)于帶領全部人(ren)馬抵擋(dang)慕容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)翰(han)(han)(han),慕容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)(huang)速(su)派人(ren)對(dui)慕容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)翰(han)(han)(han)說(shuo):“涉(she)奕(yi)于勇武強悍,應該稍稍回避,等(deng)到(dao)他們(men)滋長(chang)了(le)驕氣(qi),然后攻(gong)克他們(men)。”慕容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)翰(han)(han)(han)說(shuo):“宇文(wen)逸(yi)豆(dou)歸(gui)的(de)(de)精(jing)銳(rui)部隊,全部在此,現在如(ru)果戰勝他們(men),我(wo)們(men)可以(yi)(yi)不(bu)費兵力就滅掉宇文(wen)部。涉(she)奕(yi)于徒有虛名(ming),其(qi)實容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)易攻(gong)取,不(bu)應放縱(zong)敵人(ren)而挫傷我(wo)們(men)士(shi)兵的(de)(de)銳(rui)氣(qi)。”于是前(qian)行(xing)交戰,斬了(le)涉(she)奕(yi)于,全部俘虜他的(de)(de)士(shi)兵,宇文(wen)逸(yi)豆(dou)歸(gui)遠(yuan)逃大漠以(yi)(yi)北(bei)。慕容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)(huang)得到(dao)千余里土(tu)地,把他的(de)(de)部人(ren)五萬(wan)余戶遷(qian)徙(xi)到(dao)昌黎,改涉(she)奕(yi)于城為威德(de)城。舉行(xing)祭告宗廟(miao)并飲(yin)酒慶功的(de)(de)典禮,論功行(xing)賞各有等(deng)級。慕容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)(huang)把牧牛分給貧苦人(ren)家(jia)(jia)(jia),在皇家(jia)(jia)(jia)園林中(zhong)耕作(zuo),公家(jia)(jia)(jia)收取其(qi)八分,其(qi)余的(de)(de)二(er)分收成歸(gui)私(si)家(jia)(jia)(jia)所有。有牛而無地的(de)(de)人(ren)家(jia)(jia)(jia),也在苑中(zhong)耕作(zuo),公家(jia)(jia)(jia)收取七成,三成歸(gui)于私(si)家(jia)(jia)(jia)。
東(dong)晉(jin)永(yong)(yong)和(he)(he)元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(345年(nian)(nian)(nian)),慕(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)皝令(ling)其(qi)(qi)子慕(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)恪攻高句麗的南(nan)蘇(su),攻克(ke)南(nan)蘇(su),設守所而返(fan)回(hui)。同年(nian)(nian)(nian),慕(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)皝以“古者(zhe)諸侯即位,各(ge)稱(cheng)元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)”為由,停(ting)用東(dong)晉(jin)年(nian)(nian)(nian)號(hao),自稱(cheng)“十二年(nian)(nian)(nian)”。永(yong)(yong)和(he)(he)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(347年(nian)(nian)(nian)),慕(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)皝派(pai)其(qi)(qi)世子慕(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)儁與慕(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)恪帶(dai)領一萬(wan)七千(qian)名騎兵東(dong)襲夫(fu)余(yu),將其(qi)(qi)攻克(ke),俘虜了夫(fu)余(yu)王及其(qi)(qi)部眾(zhong)五萬(wan)余(yu)口而返(fan)回(hui)。
慕容皝親(qin)臨東(dong)(dong)庠考(kao)核學生(sheng),精(jing)通經籍成(cheng)績優異的(de)人(ren),提拔(ba)他(ta)們補充(chong)近侍。因長期干(gan)旱,免除百姓田租。取(qu)消(xiao)成(cheng)周、冀陽、營丘等郡。以勃海人(ren)設(she)(she)興集縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),河(he)間(jian)人(ren)設(she)(she)寧集縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),廣平、魏郡人(ren)設(she)(she)興平縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),東(dong)(dong)萊(lai)、北海人(ren)設(she)(she)育黎縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),吳人(ren)設(she)(she)吳縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),都隸(li)屬燕(yan)國(guo)。
東晉永和四(si)年(nian)(348年(nian))九月,慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容皝(huang)(huang)(huang)在(zai)西部邊境(jing)狩獵(lie),看見(jian)一只白兔(tu),馳(chi)馬(ma)射箭,馬(ma)倒人傷。慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容皝(huang)(huang)(huang)乘輦車回(hui)宮,召見(jian)慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容儁等托付(fu)后事,不久慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容皝(huang)(huang)(huang)去世(shi),共在(zai)位十五年(nian),時年(nian)五十二歲,謚(shi)號文(wen)明王(wang)。其子慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容儁稱帝后,追謚(shi)慕(mu)(mu)(mu)容皝(huang)(huang)(huang)為文(wen)明皇(huang)帝,廟號太(tai)祖,葬于(yu)龍平陵。
慕容皝(huang)可以稱得上是位有雄才大略的(de)政治家和能攻(gong)善戰的(de)軍事(shi)家。他(ta)不(bu)斷(duan)的(de)攻(gong)城(cheng)掠地,統一(yi)北方(fang),并(bing)不(bu)是為(wei)(wei)了(le)偏安(an)一(yi)隅,而是為(wei)(wei)了(le)入主中原(yuan),圖謀霸權。東(dong)(dong)晉(jin)咸康三年(337年),慕容皝(huang)派劉翔到建康,請(qing)東(dong)(dong)晉(jin)朝廷(ting)加封他(ta)為(wei)(wei)燕(yan)(yan)王(wang),并(bing)邀晉(jin)兵(bing)北上夾攻(gong)后趙石虎(hu)。不(bu)久,東(dong)(dong)晉(jin)朝廷(ting)封慕容皝(huang)為(wei)(wei)燕(yan)(yan)王(wang)、大單于。雄心勃勃、手握重兵(bing)的(de)慕容皝(huang)暫(zan)時(shi)接受了(le)東(dong)(dong)晉(jin)王(wang)朝的(de)封號,并(bing)以燕(yan)(yan)為(wei)(wei)國號,拜封奕為(wei)(wei)相國,韓壽為(wei)(wei)司馬,劉翔為(wei)(wei)長史。
咸康七年(nian)(341年(nian)),因(yin)“柳城(cheng)之北,龍(long)山之西,福地(di)也,乃建龍(long)城(cheng)”,并于(yu)翌(yi)年(nian)從大棘城(cheng)遷都(dou)于(yu)龍(long)城(cheng)。慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)聯合后(hou)趙石虎(hu)討伐(fa)另一(yi)(yi)支鮮(xian)卑(bei)部族(zu)段遼氏(shi)。段遼氏(shi)覆滅(mie)后(hou),后(hou)趙石虎(hu)前來攻打(da)慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)氏(shi),慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)奮力反擊(ji),率大將(jiang)慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)恪、慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)根大破后(hou)趙石虎(hu)軍(jun),斬(zhan)首(shou)三(san)萬(wan)余(yu),從而為(wei)他(ta)統一(yi)(yi)鮮(xian)卑(bei)各部奠定了基(ji)礎。慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)又任命(ming)慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)翰(han)為(wei)先鋒,他(ta)自(zi)統三(san)軍(jun),首(shou)先出(chu)兵高句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)麗,避實就虛,從高句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)麗防守薄(bo)弱的(de)(de)南道出(chu)擊(ji),直搗高句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)麗國(guo)府丸都(dou)城(cheng)(今吉(ji)林集安(an)),打(da)得高句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)麗王措手不及。燕軍(jun)搶掠民眾(zhong)(zhong)五萬(wan)余(yu)人(ren),焚毀丸都(dou),得勝而回。高句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)麗始臣服于(yu)燕。接著慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)仍以慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)翰(han)為(wei)先鋒揮師北上,直搗鮮(xian)卑(bei)宇(yu)文(wen)氏(shi)都(dou)城(cheng),把那里的(de)(de)畜產資貨劫掠一(yi)(yi)空(kong),并遷宇(yu)文(wen)部民眾(zhong)(zhong)五萬(wan)余(yu)人(ren)到昌黎定居。從此慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)皝(huang)把鮮(xian)卑(bei)各部牢牢掌握在(zai)手中(zhong),鮮(xian)卑(bei)各部首(shou)領都(dou)聽命(ming)于(yu)慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)氏(shi),成為(wei)慕(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)氏(shi)的(de)(de)部屬。
慕容皝注重農桑(sang),發展經濟,下(xia)令所有移民和流民都實行屯田,由國家發給(gei)耕牛(niu),鼓(gu)勵農民耕田,并輕徭(yao)薄(bo)賦,使農民得以(yi)休(xiu)養生息(xi)。短短十幾(ji)年(nian)時間,前燕(yan)的經濟得到了(le)長足的發展。
慕容皝賜大臣(chen)子(zi)弟(di)中(zhong)為(wei)官學生的(de)(de)稱高門生,在舊(jiu)宮(gong)建立東庠,用(yong)以舉行射箭飲酒(jiu)的(de)(de)禮儀。每月親臨(lin)視察,考察優劣。慕容皝非常喜愛(ai)文籍,勤于講授,學徒甚眾,達一千(qian)余人。親自撰《太上章》以取代(dai)《急就(jiu)》,又著《典誡》十五篇,教授貴族(zu)子(zi)弟(di)。
陽裕:“皝(huang)令德之主。”
房玄齡《晉書(shu)》:①“元真(zhen)體(ti)貌(mao)不恒,暗符天表,沈毅自處,頗懷奇略(lve)。于(yu)時群雄角立,爭奪(duo)在辰,顯宗(zong)主(zhu)祭(ji)于(yu)沖年,庾亮竊政于(yu)元舅,朝綱(gang)不振,天步孔艱,遂得據已成之資(zi),乘土崩之會。揚兵南矛騖,則烏(wu)丸(wan)卷甲;建(jian)旆東征(zheng),則宇文摧陣(zhen)。乃(nai)負險自固,恃勝而驕,端(duan)拱稱王,不待朝命,昔鄭武職(zhi)居三事,爵不改伯;齊桓績宣九合,位止為侯。瞻曩烈而功微(wei),征(zheng)前經而禮縟,溪壑難滿,此(ci)之謂乎?”;②“龍顏版齒(chi),身長(chang)七尺八寸(cun)。雄毅多權略(lve),尚經學,善天文。”
龍(long)山(shan)出現白龍(long)、黑龍(long)各一條,慕容皝(huang)親自率(lv)領群僚去觀賞,在距離(li)龍(long)二百(bai)余(yu)步的(de)地方,用太牢祭祀(si)。二龍(long)龍(long)首相交,嬉戲飛翔,脫角而去。慕容皝(huang)十(shi)分高興,返回宮(gong)內(nei),赦(she)免境內(nei)囚(qiu)犯,把(ba)新宮(gong)命名為和龍(long)宮(gong),在山(shan)上建起龍(long)翔佛寺(si)。
永和四(si)年(348年),慕容(rong)皝(huang)(huang)在西部邊境(jing)狩獵,將要渡(du)(du)河時,見到(dao)一位老(lao)者(zhe),身著紅(hong)衣,騎著白馬(ma),舉(ju)手向(xiang)慕容(rong)皝(huang)(huang)揮(hui)動說:“這(zhe)里不是(shi)(shi)打獵的場所,王還是(shi)(shi)回(hui)去吧。”慕容(rong)皝(huang)(huang)對這(zhe)件事(shi)密(mi)而不宣,于是(shi)(shi)渡(du)(du)河,連日獵獲極(ji)多。后來見到(dao)一只(zhi)白兔,馳馬(ma)射箭(jian),馬(ma)倒(dao)人(ren)傷,慕容(rong)皝(huang)(huang)才說出見到(dao)老(lao)者(zhe)一事(shi)。于是(shi)(shi)乘輦(nian)車(che)回(hui)宮(gong),不久慕容(rong)皝(huang)(huang)便去世(shi)了。
父母
父親(qin):前(qian)燕(yan)武宣帝慕容(rong)廆。
母親:段夫人。
同輩
哥哥
慕容翰(han),慕容皝異母(mu)兄。
弟弟
慕容(rong)仁,慕容(rong)皝同母弟。
慕容昭,慕容皝同母弟(di)。
慕容幼,慕容皝異母弟。
慕(mu)容稚,慕(mu)容皝(huang)異母弟。
慕容(rong)(rong)軍,慕容(rong)(rong)皝異母弟。
慕容汗(han),慕容皝異母(mu)弟。
慕容評。
慕容彪。
妹妹
慕容氏,北魏昭成帝拓跋什翼犍(jian)妃子。
后妃
段皇后。
高氏。
蘭淑儀。
公孫夫人。
子女
兒子
慕容交。
慕容(rong)儁,慕容(rong)皝次子,前燕(yan)景(jing)明帝。
慕(mu)容遵(慕(mu)容逮),封(feng)臨賀王。
慕(mu)容(rong)恪,慕(mu)容(rong)皝四子,封太原王。
慕容(rong)垂(chui)(慕容(rong)霸),慕容(rong)皝五子,后(hou)燕武成帝。
慕容友,封(feng)范陽王。
慕容厲,封下邳(pi)王。
慕容度,封樂浪(lang)王。
慕容宜,封廬江王。
慕容桓,封宜都王(wang)。
慕容徽,封(feng)河間王。
慕容龍,封歷陽王。
慕容納(na),封北海(hai)王。
慕容(rong)秀,封蘭陵王。
慕容岳,封安豐王。
慕容德,南燕獻(xian)武帝。
慕(mu)容默,封始(shi)安(an)公。
慕容僂,封南康公。
慕容宇。
慕容宙,封章武(wu)王。
女兒
昭(zhao)成(cheng)皇(huang)后慕容氏,北魏昭(zhao)成(cheng)帝(di)拓(tuo)跋(ba)(ba)什翼犍的(de)皇(huang)后,生北魏獻明帝(di)拓(tuo)跋(ba)(ba)寔(shi)、秦明王拓(tuo)跋(ba)(ba)翰(han)。
《十(shi)六國春秋·卷三·前燕錄》
《晉書·卷一百九(jiu)·載記第(di)九(jiu)》