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主要作品

李春是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)隋(sui)代(dai)著名的(de)(de)橋(qiao)梁工匠，舉世聞名的(de)(de)趙州橋(qiao)就是(shi)他(ta)最偉大(da)的(de)(de)杰(jie)作(zuo)(zuo)，這個濃縮了中(zhong)(zhong)華人民智慧結(jie)晶的(de)(de)標志性橋(qiao)梁，開創了中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)橋(qiao)梁建造的(de)(de)嶄新局面，為中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)橋(qiao)梁技(ji)術的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)作(zuo)(zuo)出了巨大(da)貢獻(xian)。

趙(zhao)(zhao)州橋(qiao)的敞肩圓弧拱(gong)形(xing)式是(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)勞動(dong)人民(min)的一大創造，西方在14世紀(ji)才出現敞肩圓弧石拱(gong)橋(qiao)，已(yi)經比中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)晚了(le)(le)600多年。英國(guo)(guo)著名中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)科(ke)(ke)學(xue)技術(shu)(shu)史(shi)專家李約(yue)瑟博士在其巨著《中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)科(ke)(ke)學(xue)技術(shu)(shu)史(shi)》中(zhong)曾經列舉了(le)(le)26項從(cong)1世紀(ji)到(dao)18世紀(ji)先后由中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)傳(chuan)到(dao)歐(ou)洲和(he)其他地區的科(ke)(ke)學(xue)技術(shu)(shu)成(cheng)果，其中(zhong)的第18項就是(shi)弧形(xing)拱(gong)橋(qiao)。趙(zhao)(zhao)州橋(qiao)建成(cheng)后成(cheng)為中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)北南交通的要(yao)沖，有“坦途箭直千人過(guo)，驛使馳驅萬(wan)國(guo)(guo)通”的美譽。舟船在橋(qiao)下(xia)航行，人馬車輛從(cong)橋(qiao)上(shang)駛過(guo)，大大方便了(le)(le)交通運(yun)輸(shu)和(he)人民(min)生活，為**河兩岸人員(yuan)來往提供了(le)(le)便利(li)條件。

這座(zuo)大橋自(zi)建成至今(jin)已有1300多年，這期(qi)間經(jing)歷了8次(ci)以上(shang)地震的影響，8次(ci)以上(shang)戰(zhan)爭的考(kao)驗；承受了無數次(ci)人畜車輛的重壓(ya)，飽(bao)經(jing)無數次(ci)風刀霜劍、冰雪雨水(shui)的沖(chong)蝕，卻雄(xiong)姿不減當(dang)年，仍巍(wei)然屹立在(zai)洨河上(shang)。

解放以(yi)(yi)后，趙(zhao)州(zhou)(zhou)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)被列為全國(guo)(guo)重點(dian)文物(wu)保護單位，有關部門(men)對這一古代大(da)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)進行(xing)了徹底維修，以(yi)(yi)保持其輝煌的(de)(de)(de)歷(li)(li)史地(di)位。趙(zhao)州(zhou)(zhou)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)已(yi)成為中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)人民聰明智慧的(de)(de)(de)象征和進行(xing)愛國(guo)(guo)主義、歷(li)(li)史主義教育的(de)(de)(de)場所。趙(zhao)州(zhou)(zhou)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)成在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁史上具有重要影晌，它的(de)(de)(de)大(da)跨度、圓(yuan)弧拱、敝肩形式力以(yi)(yi)后的(de)(de)(de)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁建(jian)設開(kai)創了新的(de)(de)(de)天地(di)。隋代以(yi)(yi)后，出現了許多與趙(zhao)州(zhou)(zhou)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)相類似的(de)(de)(de)大(da)型拱橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)，已(yi)經(jing)發現的(de)(de)(de)就有十幾座，如(ru)山(shan)西崞(guo)縣(xian)的(de)(de)(de)普濟(ji)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)、晉城的(de)(de)(de)景德橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)、河北趙(zhao)縣(xian)的(de)(de)(de)永通橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)、濟(ji)美橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)等。趙(zhao)州(zhou)(zhou)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)已(yi)經(jing)成為中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁建(jian)設的(de)(de)(de)典(dian)范。

然(ran)而象趙(zhao)(zhao)州(zhou)橋(qiao)(qiao)這(zhe)樣突出的(de)技術成就和(he)象李(li)春這(zhe)樣杰出的(de)橋(qiao)(qiao)梁專(zhuan)家(jia)，在(zai)封(feng)建(jian)社會中并不為(wei)封(feng)建(jian)統治者所重(zhong)視，甚至在(zai)史(shi)(shi)書(shu)中也沒有(you)留下多少痕跡，我們除了知道(dao)隋朝工匠(jiang)李(li)春設計(ji)建(jian)造了這(zhe)座(zuo)舉(ju)世聞名(ming)的(de)大(da)橋(qiao)(qiao)外，其他卻(que)一無所知，不能不說是一個很大(da)的(de)遺憾。但是即使如此(ci)我們仍然(ran)堅信：李(li)春作(zuo)為(wei)一代橋(qiao)(qiao)梁專(zhuan)家(jia)和(he)趙(zhao)(zhao)州(zhou)橋(qiao)(qiao)作(zuo)為(wei)一座(zuo)歷史(shi)(shi)名(ming)橋(qiao)(qiao)將永載祖國史(shi)(shi)冊，為(wei)后人所牢(lao)記。

貢獻影響

趙州橋(qiao)的設計在中國橋(qiao)梁(liang)技術(shu)史(shi)有以下創新：

1．采用(yong)圓弧拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)形式，改(gai)變了中(zhong)(zhong)國大(da)(da)(da)石橋(qiao)多為半(ban)(ban)圓形拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)傳統，中(zhong)(zhong)國古(gu)代石橋(qiao)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)形大(da)(da)(da)多為半(ban)(ban)圓形，這種形式比(bi)較(jiao)優(you)美、完整，但(dan)也存(cun)在兩(liang)方(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)缺陷(xian)：一(yi)是(shi)交通(tong)不(bu)便(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)，半(ban)(ban)圓形橋(qiao)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)用(yong)于跨度(du)(du)(du)比(bi)較(jiao)小(xiao)的(de)(de)橋(qiao)梁比(bi)較(jiao)合適，而大(da)(da)(da)跨度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)橋(qiao)梁選用(yong)半(ban)(ban)圓形拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，就會使(shi)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頂很高(gao)，造成橋(qiao)高(gao)坡陡、車馬行(xing)(xing)人過橋(qiao)非常不(bu)便(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)。二是(shi)施(shi)工不(bu)利，半(ban)(ban)圓形拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)石砌石用(yong)的(de)(de)腳(jiao)手架就會很高(gao)，增加施(shi)工的(de)(de)危險性(xing)(xing)。為此，李春和工匠們一(yi)起(qi)創造性(xing)(xing)地(di)采用(yong)了圓弧拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)形式，使(shi)石拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)高(gao)度(du)(du)(du)大(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)降(jiang)低。趙州橋(qiao)的(de)(de)主孔凈跨度(du)(du)(du)為37.02米，而拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)高(gao)只有7.25米，拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)高(gao)和跨度(du)(du)(du)之比(bi)為1:5左(zuo)右，這樣就實現了低橋(qiao)面(mian)和大(da)(da)(da)跨度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)雙重(zhong)目的(de)(de)，橋(qiao)面(mian)過渡平(ping)穩，車輛行(xing)(xing)人非常方(fang)便(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)，而且(qie)還具有用(yong)料(liao)省、施(shi)工方(fang)便(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)等優(you)點。當然圓弧形拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)對兩(liang)端橋(qiao)基(ji)的(de)(de)推(tui)力相應增大(da)(da)(da)，需要(yao)對橋(qiao)基(ji)的(de)(de)施(shi)工提出更高(gao)的(de)(de)要(yao)求。

2．采用敞肩(jian)(jian)(jian)。這(zhe)是李春對(dui)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)肩(jian)(jian)(jian)進行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)大(da)(da)(da)改(gai)進，把以(yi)(yi)往橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)中(zhong)采用的(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)肩(jian)(jian)(jian)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)改(gai)為(wei)敞肩(jian)(jian)(jian)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，即(ji)在(zai)大(da)(da)(da)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)兩端各設兩個(ge)小(xiao)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，靠近大(da)(da)(da)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)腳的(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)凈跨(kua)為(wei)3.8米(mi)，另一拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)凈跨(kua)為(wei)2.8米(mi)。這(zhe)種大(da)(da)(da)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)加(jia)小(xiao)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)敞肩(jian)(jian)(jian)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)有優(you)(you)異的(de)(de)(de)(de)技術性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，首先可以(yi)(yi)增加(jia)泄洪(hong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)，減輕洪(hong)水(shui)季節由于(yu)水(shui)量增加(jia)而(er)產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)洪(hong)水(shui)對(dui)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)沖擊(ji)力(li)(li)(li)。古代洨河(he)每逢汛期，水(shui)勢較大(da)(da)(da)，對(dui)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)泄洪(hong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)是個(ge)考驗，四(si)(si)個(ge)小(xiao)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)就可以(yi)(yi)分擔部分洪(hong)流，據(ju)計算四(si)(si)個(ge)小(xiao)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)可增加(jia)過水(shui)面積(ji)16%左右(you)，大(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)降(jiang)低洪(hong)水(shui)對(dui)大(da)(da)(da)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)，提高大(da)(da)(da)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安全性(xing)。其次敞肩(jian)(jian)(jian)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)比實(shi)肩(jian)(jian)(jian)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)可節省大(da)(da)(da)量土石(shi)材料(liao)，減輕橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)身的(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)重(zhong)，據(ju)計算四(si)(si)個(ge)小(xiao)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)可以(yi)(yi)節省石(shi)料(liao)26立方米(mi)，減輕自(zi)身重(zhong)量700噸，從而(er)減少橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)身對(dui)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)臺和(he)(he)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)基(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)垂(chui)直壓力(li)(li)(li)和(he)(he)水(shui)平推(tui)力(li)(li)(li)，增加(jia)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)穩固。第三增加(jia)了(le)造型的(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)(you)美，四(si)(si)個(ge)小(xiao)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)均衡(heng)對(dui)稱(cheng)，大(da)(da)(da)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)與小(xiao)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)構(gou)成(cheng)一幅(fu)完整的(de)(de)(de)(de)圖畫，顯得更加(jia)輕巧秀麗，體現建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)和(he)(he)藝術的(de)(de)(de)(de)完整統一。第四(si)(si)符合結(jie)構(gou)力(li)(li)(li)學理論，敞肩(jian)(jian)(jian)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)式結(jie)構(gou)在(zai)承載(zai)時使(shi)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)處于(yu)有利(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)狀(zhuang)況，可減少主拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)圈的(de)(de)(de)(de)變形，提高了(le)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)承載(zai)力(li)(li)(li)和(he)(he)穩定(ding)性(xing)。

3．單(dan)(dan)孔。中(zhong)國(guo)古代(dai)的(de)(de)傳統(tong)建筑方(fang)法(fa)，一般比較(jiao)長(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)橋(qiao)梁(liang)往(wang)往(wang)采(cai)用(yong)多孔形(xing)式(shi)，這樣每孔的(de)(de)跨(kua)度小(xiao)、坡(po)度平緩，便于修建。但是多孔橋(qiao)也有缺點(dian)，如橋(qiao)墩多，既不(bu)利于舟船航行，也妨礙洪水(shui)宣泄；橋(qiao)墩長(chang)(chang)期受水(shui)流沖擊、侵蝕，天長(chang)(chang)日(ri)久容(rong)易塌毀。因此，李春在設計大橋(qiao)的(de)(de)時候，采(cai)取了(le)單(dan)(dan)孔長(chang)(chang)跨(kua)的(de)(de)形(xing)式(shi)，河心(xin)不(bu)立(li)橋(qiao)墩，使石(shi)拱跨(kua)徑長(chang)(chang)達37米之多。這是中(zhong)國(guo)橋(qiao)梁(liang)史上的(de)(de)空前(qian)創舉。

趙州橋不僅(jin)設(she)計獨特，而且有許多創造性(xing)。

1．橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)址選(xuan)(xuan)擇比(bi)較合理(li)，使(shi)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)基穩固(gu)牢靠。李春根據自己多年豐(feng)富的(de)(de)實踐經驗(yan)，經過嚴格周密勘查、比(bi)較，選(xuan)(xuan)擇了洨河(he)(he)兩(liang)岸較為平(ping)直的(de)(de)地(di)(di)方建(jian)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)，這里(li)(li)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)層是(shi)由(you)河(he)(he)水沖(chong)積而(er)成，地(di)(di)層表面是(shi)久經水流沖(chong)涮的(de)(de)粗(cu)砂(sha)層，以(yi)下是(shi)細石、粗(cu)石、細砂(sha)和(he)粘(zhan)土層。根據現代測算，這里(li)(li)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)層每(mei)(mei)平(ping)方厘(li)米(mi)(mi)能夠(gou)承受4.5到6.6公斤的(de)(de)壓力，而(er)趙(zhao)州橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)對地(di)(di)面的(de)(de)壓力為每(mei)(mei)平(ping)方厘(li)米(mi)(mi)5——6公斤，能夠(gou)滿(man)足大橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)的(de)(de)要求。選(xuan)(xuan)定橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)址后在(zai)上面建(jian)造地(di)(di)基和(he)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)臺，建(jian)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)到如今，橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)基僅下沉了5厘(li)米(mi)(mi)，說明這里(li)(li)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)層非常適合于建(jian)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)。

2．趙(zhao)州橋(qiao)的(de)(de)砌置方(fang)法(fa)(fa)新(xin)穎、施工修(xiu)理方(fang)便。李春就(jiu)地(di)取材(cai)(cai)，選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)附近(jin)州縣(xian)生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)質地(di)堅(jian)硬的(de)(de)青灰色砂石(shi)(shi)(shi)作為建(jian)橋(qiao)石(shi)(shi)(shi)料，在(zai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)拱(gong)砌置方(fang)法(fa)(fa)上，均(jun)采用(yong)(yong)了(le)縱向(xiang)(xiang)（順橋(qiao)方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)）砌置方(fang)法(fa)(fa)，就(jiu)是整個(ge)大橋(qiao)是由28道各自獨立(li)的(de)(de)拱(gong)券(quan)沿寬度(du)方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)并列組(zu)合(he)而成，拱(gong)厚皆為1.03米，每券(quan)各自獨立(li)、單(dan)獨操作，相當靈(ling)活，每券(quan)砌完(wan)全合(he)攏后就(jiu)成一道獨立(li)拼券(quan)，砌完(wan)一道供(gong)券(quan)，移(yi)動承擔重量的(de)(de)“鷹(ying)(ying)架(jia)”，再砌另(ling)一道相鄰拱(gong)。這(zhe)種砌法(fa)(fa)有(you)很多優點，它既可以節省(sheng)制作“鷹(ying)(ying)架(jia)”所(suo)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)木材(cai)(cai)，便于移(yi)動；同時又利于橋(qiao)的(de)(de)維修(xiu)，一道拱(gong)券(quan)的(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)塊損壞了(le)，只要嵌(qian)入新(xin)石(shi)(shi)(shi)，進行(xing)局(ju)部修(xiu)整就(jiu)行(xing)了(le)，而不必對(dui)整個(ge)橋(qiao)進行(xing)調整。

3．在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)保(bao)持大橋(qiao)(qiao)穩定(ding)性(xing)(xing)方面(mian)(mian)采取了(le)許多嚴密措施。為(wei)了(le)加(jia)強各道拱(gong)(gong)(gong)券(quan)(quan)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)橫(heng)向(xiang)聯(lian)系(xi)(xi)，使(shi)(shi)28道拱(gong)(gong)(gong)組成一(yi)個有機整體(ti)，連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)緊(jin)密牢固，李春采取了(le)一(yi)系(xi)(xi)列(lie)技術措施。1）每一(yi)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)券(quan)(quan)采用(yong)了(le)下寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)上窄(zhai)、略有“收(shou)分(fen)”的(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)，使(shi)(shi)每個拱(gong)(gong)(gong)券(quan)(quan)向(xiang)里傾(qing)斜(xie)，相(xiang)互(hu)擠靠(kao)(kao)，增強其(qi)(qi)橫(heng)向(xiang)聯(lian)系(xi)(xi)，以(yi)防止拱(gong)(gong)(gong)石(shi)(shi)向(xiang)外傾(qing)倒(dao)；在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)橋(qiao)(qiao)的(de)(de)(de)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)度上也采用(yong)了(le)少量“收(shou)分(fen)”的(de)(de)(de)辦法(fa)，就是從(cong)橋(qiao)(qiao)的(de)(de)(de)兩端(duan)(duan)到橋(qiao)(qiao)頂逐漸(jian)收(shou)縮寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)度，從(cong)最寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)9.6米收(shou)縮到9米，以(yi)加(jia)強大橋(qiao)(qiao)的(de)(de)(de)穩定(ding)性(xing)(xing)。2）在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)主券(quan)(quan)上均勻沿橋(qiao)(qiao)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)方向(xiang)設置了(le)5個鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)拉桿，穿過28道拱(gong)(gong)(gong)券(quan)(quan)，每個拉桿的(de)(de)(de)兩端(duan)(duan)有半圓(yuan)形(xing)桿頭露在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)石(shi)(shi)外，以(yi)夾住28道拱(gong)(gong)(gong)券(quan)(quan)，增強其(qi)(qi)橫(heng)向(xiang)聯(lian)系(xi)(xi)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)4個小(xiao)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)上也各有一(yi)根鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)拉桿起(qi)同樣作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)。3）在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)靠(kao)(kao)外側(ce)的(de)(de)(de)幾道拱(gong)(gong)(gong)石(shi)(shi)上和(he)兩端(duan)(duan)小(xiao)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)上蓋(gai)有護拱(gong)(gong)(gong)石(shi)(shi)一(yi)層(ceng)，以(yi)保(bao)護拱(gong)(gong)(gong)石(shi)(shi)；在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)護拱(gong)(gong)(gong)石(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)兩側(ce)設有勾石(shi)(shi)6塊(kuai)，勾住主拱(gong)(gong)(gong)石(shi)(shi)使(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)牢固。4）為(wei)了(le)使(shi)(shi)相(xiang)鄰拱(gong)(gong)(gong)石(shi)(shi)緊(jin)緊(jin)貼合在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)起(qi)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)兩側(ce)外券(quan)(quan)相(xiang)鄰拱(gong)(gong)(gong)石(shi)(shi)之間(jian)都(dou)穿有起(qi)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)“腰鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)”，各道券(quan)(quan)之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)鄰石(shi)(shi)塊(kuai)也都(dou)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)背(bei)穿有“腰鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)”，把拱(gong)(gong)(gong)石(shi)(shi)連(lian)(lian)鎖(suo)起(qi)來。而且每塊(kuai)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)石(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)側(ce)面(mian)(mian)都(dou)鑿有細密斜(xie)紋，以(yi)增大摩擦力，加(jia)強各券(quan)(quan)橫(heng)向(xiang)聯(lian)系(xi)(xi)。這些措施的(de)(de)(de)采取使(shi)(shi)整個大橋(qiao)(qiao)連(lian)(lian)成一(yi)個緊(jin)密整體(ti)，增強了(le)整個大橋(qiao)(qiao)的(de)(de)(de)穩定(ding)性(xing)(xing)和(he)可靠(kao)(kao)性(xing)(xing)。