芒果视频下载

簡介

巴(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)是(shi)西(xi)(xi)漢初(chu)年從西(xi)(xi)南地區(qu)賨(cong)人(ren)(ren)（板盾蠻）那里傳(chuan)來的(de)(de)(de)舞(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)(dao)。漢高祖劉邦在(zai)平定三(san)秦時，招募了一批賨(cong)人(ren)(ren)作(zuo)前鋒，賨(cong)人(ren)(ren)勇猛善戰，其風俗又善舞(wu)(wu)，劉邦便(bian)命(ming)樂(le)工(gong)學習和改編了他們的(de)(de)(de)舞(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)(dao)，因為(wei)(wei)賨(cong)人(ren)(ren)生(sheng)活于巴(ba)(ba)(ba)郡(jun)渝(yu)(yu)水一帶(dai)，所以(yi)就稱此種舞(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)(dao)為(wei)(wei)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu).巴(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)傳(chuan)入宮(gong)廷后(hou)，成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)宮(gong)廷舞(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)(dao)，用來在(zai)宮(gong)廷宴會上表(biao)演軍旅(lv)戰斗的(de)(de)(de)場面，歌(ge)(ge)頌帝(di)王(wang)功德，是(shi)漢代著名雜(za)舞(wu)(wu)。表(biao)演時，舞(wu)(wu)者(zhe)自披(pi)盔甲，手(shou)持矛、弩箭，口唱賨(cong)人(ren)(ren)古(gu)老戰歌(ge)(ge)，樂(le)舞(wu)(wu)交作(zuo)，邊(bian)歌(ge)(ge)邊(bian)舞(wu)(wu)，舞(wu)(wu)者(zhe)有36人(ren)(ren)，是(shi)群舞(wu)(wu)。由(you)于這種舞(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)(dao)是(shi)武(wu)樂(le)舞(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)(dao)，漢哀帝(di)罷樂(le)府后(hou)，對巴(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)鼓(gu)員36人(ren)(ren)仍認為(wei)(wei)不可罷，交由(you)大(da)樂(le)領屬，將它列入雅樂(le)舞(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)系統。其伴(ban)奏(zou)樂(le)器以(yi)銅鼓(gu)為(wei)(wei)主，配合擊(ji)磬(qing)、搖鼗、撫琴(qin)，舞(wu)(wu)曲(qu)有《矛渝(yu)(yu)本(ben)歌(ge)(ge)曲(qu)》、《安弩渝(yu)(yu)本(ben)歌(ge)(ge)曲(qu)》、《安臺(tai)本(ben)歌(ge)(ge)曲(qu)》、《行(xing)辭(ci)本(ben)歌(ge)(ge)曲(qu)》等4篇。巴(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)發(fa)展到魏晉(jin)，已完全變成(cheng)廟堂祭祀性(xing)質的(de)(de)(de)舞(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)(dao)。巴(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)在(zai)我國古(gu)代舞(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)(dao)藝術中占有較重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)地位。

基本信息

巴(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞：是中國古代最(zui)有(you)影(ying)響的戰前舞，即武舞。今(jin)和重(zhong)慶北部(bu)四川(chuan)東北部(bu)嘉陵江支流渝(yu)(yu)水（今(jin)重(zhong)慶嘉陵江）一(yi)帶居(ju)住(zhu)過一(yi)種少數民族人(ren)（巴(ba)人(ren)的一(yi)支），或稱(cheng)板木盾蠻，又稱(cheng)獠(liao)人(ren)，創造(zao)了一(yi)種具有(you)民族特(te)色的舞蹈，它發源于巴(ba)郡渝(yu)(yu)水流域，故(gu)名為巴(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞。”

歷史淵源

巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)是(shi)中(zhong)國古代最有影響(xiang)的(de)戰前(qian)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)，即(ji)武(wu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)。《左傳》載3000年(nian)前(qian)“周武(wu)王伐(fa)紂(zhou)(zhou)，巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)師勇銳，歌舞(wu)(wu)(wu)以凌殷人。故(gu)曰：武(wu)王伐(fa)紂(zhou)(zhou)前(qian)戈后(hou)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)。”這里對“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)師歌舞(wu)(wu)(wu)”并未命名(ming)(ming)，直到秦漢相爭時(shi)漢王朝再次(ci)將此(ci)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)用于戰斗(dou)之(zhi)中(zhong)，在沖鋒陷陣時(shi)“銳氣(qi)喜舞(wu)(wu)(wu)，武(wu)帝善之(zhi)曰‘此(ci)武(wu)王伐(fa)紂(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)歌舞(wu)(wu)(wu)也(ye)，乃令(ling)樂人習學之(zhi)，今所謂巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)也(ye)。’”這是(shi)“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)”之(zhi)名(ming)(ming)在史書上正式提出。漢高(gao)祖(zu)為什么把(ba)這種戰前(qian)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)命名(ming)(ming)為“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)”？有關(guan)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)之(zhi)源(yuan)眾說(shuo)紛(fen)紜。董其祥教授在《巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)源(yuan)流(liu)考》中(zhong)，把(ba)“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)”之(zhi)源(yuan)結論為：“重慶北(bei)部四(si)川東北(bei)部嘉陵江支流(liu)渝(yu)水(shui)（今名(ming)(ming)流(liu)江）一(yi)帶居住過一(yi)種少數民族人（巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)人的(de)一(yi)支），或稱板木盾蠻，又稱獠人，創造了一(yi)種具有民族特色的(de)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)，它發源(yuan)于巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)郡渝(yu)水(shui)流(liu)域，故(gu)名(ming)(ming)為巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)。”另有胡(hu)宏基先(xian)生《解讀巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)》認定“閬中(zhong)市(shi)保寧(ning)鎮(zhen)為巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)之(zhi)鄉。”晉人郭(guo)注釋“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)”一(yi)辭說(shuo)：“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)西閬中(zhong)有渝(yu)水(shui)，獠人居其上，皆剛(gang)勇好舞(wu)(wu)(wu)，漢高(gao)祖(zu)之(zhi)以平(ping)三秦，后(hou)使樂府習之(zhi)因名(ming)(ming)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)也(ye)。”

命名

“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)舞(wu)”之(zhi)命(ming)(ming)名(ming)(ming)，既不(bu)是(shi)(shi)以(yi)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)郡(jun)、巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)西(xi)(xi)郡(jun)之(zhi)“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)”和渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)之(zhi)“渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”為(wei)(wei)其命(ming)(ming)名(ming)(ming)，也不(bu)是(shi)(shi)以(yi)族名(ming)(ming)為(wei)(wei)其命(ming)(ming)名(ming)(ming)。若(ruo)以(yi)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)左右聚(ju)居(ju)(ju)人為(wei)(wei)其命(ming)(ming)名(ming)(ming)，巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)舞(wu)應命(ming)(ming)名(ming)(ming)為(wei)(wei)“渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)舞(wu)”也。《中(zhong)國(guo)文化百(bai)科》在《巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)舞(wu)》辭(ci)條中(zhong)認定(ding)“由于(yu)人居(ju)(ju)住在巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)，所(suo)以(yi)叫巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)舞(wu)”。那(nei)(nei)么秦漢時(shi)(shi)的“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)”又在何(he)處？據考(kao)：古(gu)(gu)“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”之(zhi)地(di)(di)應是(shi)(shi)東(dong)(dong)漢時(shi)(shi)漢昌(chang)縣(xian)轄地(di)(di)，前屬梁(liang)州（治(zhi)(zhi)今(jin)(jin)(jin)陜西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)鄭(zheng)回軍壩天池梁(liang)），后(hou)(hou)屬益州巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)西(xi)(xi)郡(jun)（治(zhi)(zhi)今(jin)(jin)(jin)閬(lang)(lang)中(zhong)）直至民國(guo)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)，即今(jin)(jin)(jin)四(si)川(chuan)(chuan)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)中(zhong)市(shi)(shi)所(suo)轄的巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)州區(qu)(qu)、南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、通江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、平(ping)昌(chang)的巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)流域。“在四(si)川(chuan)(chuan)東(dong)(dong)北(bei)部有(you)(you)(you)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)兩源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，出(chu)(chu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)陜西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)鄭(zheng)、鎮巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)境(jing)內米倉山，南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)流至通江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)縣(xian)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)會合(he)，西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)流至平(ping)昌(chang)注(zhu)入渠(qu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)”（《水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)經注(zhu)》）。《巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)州志(zhi)·巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)流圖》考(kao)：“州水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)有(you)(you)(you)三派(pai)，其自(zi)(zi)(zi)蟒潭(tan)河(he)入者(zhe)(zhe)北(bei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，即古(gu)(gu)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)也（今(jin)(jin)(jin)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)河(he)，發源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)陜西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)鄭(zheng)，經米倉山、南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)入巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)中(zhong)）；……自(zi)(zi)(zi)通巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)河(he)入者(zhe)(zhe)，巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)也（今(jin)(jin)(jin)通江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)河(he)，發源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)于(yu)陜西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)鄭(zheng)、鎮巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)）。三水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)會于(yu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)口鎮（今(jin)(jin)(jin)平(ping)昌(chang)縣(xian)城）合(he)而(er)為(wei)(wei)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)，眾流皆附之(zhi)，以(yi)達于(yu)渠(qu)河(he)（古(gu)(gu)潛水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)）”《漢志(zhi)》云“……而(er)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)、渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)二水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)自(zi)(zi)(zi)古(gu)(gu)并稱(cheng)，地(di)(di)必相近（巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)二水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)實為(wei)(wei)一(yi)山之(zhi)隔）……”《三巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)記》云：“閬(lang)(lang)中(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)在漢時(shi)(shi)屬閬(lang)(lang)中(zhong)境(jing)內，此(ci)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)為(wei)(wei)民所(suo)居(ju)(ju)，故稱(cheng)‘巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)’、‘巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)’也”，這是(shi)(shi)史書上(shang)首次提及(ji)“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”之(zhi)地(di)(di)。化成縣(xian)（治(zhi)(zhi)今(jin)(jin)(jin)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)州區(qu)(qu)）北(bei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)一(yi)名(ming)(ming)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)嶺水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，一(yi)名(ming)(ming)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)川(chuan)(chuan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，一(yi)名(ming)(ming)宕渠(qu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。自(zi)(zi)(zi)集州（今(jin)(jin)(jin)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)）難江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)（今(jin)(jin)(jin)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)河(he)）界流入北(bei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，即今(jin)(jin)(jin)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)州外(wai)之(zhi)正(zheng)流。從前未(wei)有(you)(you)(you)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)之(zhi)稱(cheng)，自(zi)(zi)(zi)《九域志(zhi)》始(shi)言化成縣(xian)有(you)(you)(you)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)后(hou)(hou)，遂與南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)派(pai)出(chu)(chu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)嶺者(zhe)(zhe)當之(zhi)，其實則古(gu)(gu)之(zhi)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)也（巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)州志(zhi)）。“渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，古(gu)(gu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)名(ming)(ming)，一(yi)名(ming)(ming)宕渠(qu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，即今(jin)(jin)(jin)四(si)川(chuan)(chuan)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)及(ji)其下游渠(qu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)，古(gu)(gu)有(you)(you)(you)族聚(ju)居(ju)(ju)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)濱善歌(ge)舞(wu)，漢‘巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)舞(wu)’即出(chu)(chu)于(yu)此(ci)……”（《辭(ci)海》地(di)(di)理分(fen)冊(ce)）。從以(yi)上(shang)分(fen)析(xi)所(suo)知，“閬(lang)(lang)中(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，人多居(ju)(ju)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)左右……”是(shi)(shi)指在秦漢時(shi)(shi)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)西(xi)(xi)郡(jun)所(suo)轄漢昌(chang)縣(xian)的渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)《巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)中(zhong)民國(guo)志(zhi)》。明楊瞻《四(si)忠祠(ci)記》“正(zheng)德(de)辛未(wei)（正(zheng)德(de)六年，1512年）以(yi)來，鄢(yan)(yan)藍（鄢(yan)(yan)本恕、藍延瑞(rui)）倡(chang)亂(luan)、旗幟千里，三省煸動，巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)之(zhi)民死亡過半矣(yi)。”這里所(suo)指“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)之(zhi)民”，即今(jin)(jin)(jin)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)中(zhong)市(shi)(shi)（巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)州區(qu)(qu)、南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、通江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、平(ping)昌(chang)）、達州市(shi)(shi)西(xi)(xi)北(bei)及(ji)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)充市(shi)(shi)轄區(qu)(qu)和劍閣、梓潼等川(chuan)(chuan)東(dong)(dong)北(bei)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)之(zhi)民。這里再次提到(dao)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)，以(yi)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)地(di)(di)域之(zhi)名(ming)(ming)為(wei)(wei)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)舞(wu)命(ming)(ming)名(ming)(ming)，那(nei)(nei)是(shi)(shi)順(shun)其自(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)，俗以(yi)為(wei)(wei)常。

4篇舞曲

一曰矛渝(yu)，二曰安弩(nu)，三(san)曰安臺，四曰行辭。巴渝(yu)舞(wu)的(de)基本形式是“執仗(zhang)而舞(wu)”。“仗(zhang)”，兵器，“執仗(zhang)”即(ji)執干戈(ge)；伴奏(zou)則(ze)是擊鼓。班固《漢書》載：“巴渝(yu)鼓員，三(san)十(shi)六人(ren)”。他講的(de)是宮(gong)廷(ting)燕樂的(de)巴渝(yu)舞(wu)，征(zheng)伐戰場上(shang)的(de)巴渝(yu)舞(wu)，有(you)多(duo)少(shao)人(ren)戰斗,就(jiu)有(you)多(duo)少(shao)人(ren)歌舞(wu)：在陣前(qian)拼(pin)殺者(zhe)，執看挺(ting)戈(ge)，大(da)聲呼呵，后(hou)面伴奏(zou)者(zhe)，則(ze)擊鼓頓足，以增威勢，這就(jiu)是史書所為的(de)“前(qian)歌后(hou)舞(wu)”。司馬相(xiang)如在《子虛(xu)賦》中這樣描繪(hui)巴渝(yu)舞(wu)的(de)壯觀(guan)場面：“千(qian)人(ren)唱，萬人(ren)和，山陵為之震動(dong)，山谷為之蕩(dang)波。”為了“耀武觀(guan)兵”，朝廷(ting)接待“四夷使者(zhe)”，便常(chang)常(chang)表演巴渝(yu)舞(wu)。

巴(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)是(shi)閬(lang)中渝(yu)(yu)水(shui)土著巴(ba)族賨人(ren)所創造的(de)(de)(de)民間(jian)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈。賨人(ren)天性勁勇，俗喜歌(ge)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。漢(han)高祖劉邦伐三秦建(jian)大漢(han)時，被(bei)募為(wei)漢(han)軍前鋒。他們那種“巴(ba)師勇銳，歌(ge)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)以(yi)凌”的(de)(de)(de)氣勢和戰斗力，贏(ying)得(de)了漢(han)高祖的(de)(de)(de)喜愛，并將(jiang)宗人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)戰爭武舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)取(qu)名(ming)為(wei)“巴(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”，引進(jin)宮(gong)廷，歷(li)經魏(wei)、晉、南(nan)北朝，至唐代(dai)，雖(sui)曾(ceng)數易其名(ming)，仍(reng)盛演(yan)不衰。唐以(yi)后，“巴(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”在宮(gong)庭中銷聲匿跡，名(ming)不見經傳了。但(dan)在民間(jian)仍(reng)在世代(dai)承傳，歷(li)經演(yan)變(bian)(bian)，原(yuan)始的(de)(de)(de)武舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)演(yan)變(bian)(bian)成祭祀(si)性舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈和慶典性舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈。留傳至今的(de)(de)(de)“八仙(xian)鼓(gu)”（又名(ming)“巴(ba)象鼓(gu)”）即是(shi)歷(li)經演(yan)變(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)(de)“巴(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”的(de)(de)(de)一種表(biao)現(xian)形(xing)式。“八仙(xian)鼓(gu)”為(wei)長柄雙(shuang)面(mian)獸皮(pi)鼓(gu)，鼓(gu)面(mian)繪有八仙(xian)或圖騰圖案，直徑(jing)約30--40厘(li)米(mi)，鼓(gu)柄約120厘(li)米(mi)。八仙(xian)鼓(gu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)多為(wei)10人(ren)以(yi)上的(de)(de)(de)群舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，適宜廣場表(biao)演(yan)。表(biao)演(yan)時，沙鑼(luo)一道，鼓(gu)手隨后，一面(mian)擊鼓(gu)，一面(mian)吶喊，不斷變(bian)(bian)換隊形(xing)，浩浩蕩(dang)蕩(dang)，威武雄壯。

1955年，閬(lang)中組(zu)隊參(can)加(jia)四川省第二屆民間音樂舞(wu)蹈(dao)會(hui)演獲獎。1991年，閬(lang)中市組(zu)織(zhi)300人的(de)“八仙(xian)鼓(gu)”表(biao)演隊伍，參(can)加(jia)南充(chong)第二屆絲綢(chou)節開幕式表(biao)演，引起轟動，獲得(de)(de)獎勵。2001年市群眾(zhong)藝(yi)術館蒲公英少(shao)兒藝(yi)術團演出(chu)的(de)以八仙(xian)鼓(gu)舞(wu)為素材的(de)創作(zuo)舞(wu)蹈(dao)《巴(ba)鼓(gu)新韻》，參(can)加(jia)四川省舞(wu)蹈(dao)大(da)賽(sai)，獲得(de)(de)編導和表(biao)演兩個一等(deng)獎。為了(le)研究(jiu)“巴(ba)渝舞(wu)”，1997年青海人民出(chu)版社出(chu)版發行了(le)由肖(xiao)善(shan)生(sheng)撰寫的(de)《巴(ba)渝舞(wu)初探》。

演義片段-巴渝舞

在(zai)三(san)國演義32集--周瑜(yu)空設計中，有一段周瑜(yu)宴請劉備的戲，宴席中有一段舞(wu)蹈，就(jiu)是(shi)《巴渝舞(wu)》。

周瑜瞞著諸葛亮打算在(zai)宴(yan)席中(zhong)摔杯(bei)為號殺死劉備(bei)。此時(shi)諸葛亮在(zai)江邊聽到樂舞聲中(zhong)透出一(yi)股殺氣，說：“這(zhe)是(shi)巴渝(yu)舞。”問魯肅“帳中(zhong)宴(yan)請何(he)人？”，聽到宴(yan)請的是(shi)劉備(bei)后不(bu)禁大驚失色(se)驚呼(hu)：“我主危矣！”急忙跑去，當(dang)看到劉備(bei)身(shen)旁站立的關(guan)羽時(shi)，松了(le)口氣擦了(le)擦汗說道：“我主無(wu)險矣。”周瑜因忌(ji)憚關(guan)羽，計劃最(zui)終沒有得逞。

民間流傳

“巴渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)”民(min)(min)間(jian)稱之為(wei)(wei)“渝(yu)(yu)兒(er)舞(wu)(wu)”。此名在(zai)唐(tang)(tang)太宗(zong)大歷年(nian)間(jian)仍在(zai)漢昌境地廣為(wei)(wei)流(liu)傳。梁州(zhou)刺史(shi)李勉募中(zhong)任(ren)職的唐(tang)(tang)代(dai)詩(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)韓弘(hong)（河南(nan)沁陽縣人(ren)(ren)(ren)）在(zai)千山(shan)口所寫《送巴州(zhou)楊(yang)使(shi)君》詩(shi)中(zhong)留下“萬里(li)歌(ge)鐘相慶時(shi)，巴童聲(sheng)節渝(yu)(yu)兒(er)舞(wu)(wu)”之詩(shi)句（《巴州(zhou)志(zhi)·藝文上》）。詩(shi)中(zhong)“萬里(li)歌(ge)鐘”指(zhi)遼闊的巴州(zhou)（古稱野(ye)巴州(zhou)）人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)唱歌(ge)擊鑼鼓(gu)。“渝(yu)(yu)兒(er)舞(wu)(wu)”即“巴渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)”。詩(shi)意為(wei)(wei)楊(yang)使(shi)君到巴州(zhou)整飭防(fang)務取得成績后，巴州(zhou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)定會載歌(ge)載舞(wu)(wu)為(wei)(wei)其慶賀。說明“巴渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)”在(zai)唐(tang)(tang)代(dai)時(shi)仍在(zai)巴州(zhou)廣為(wei)(wei)流(liu)傳。

《薅(hao)草(cao)鑼(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)》是流(liu)傳(chuan)于(yu)(yu)大(da)巴山南麓(lu)巴中市米倉山區(qu)的(de)(de)一種在薅(hao)包谷草(cao)時演唱的(de)(de)大(da)型連套(tao)體(ti)山歌(ge)，所用鑼(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)伴(ban)奏源(yuan)于(yu)(yu)“巴渝舞(wu)”的(de)(de)伴(ban)奏樂器鑼(luo)和鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)，即古(gu)代的(de)(de)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)和鉦（一種長柄鐘的(de)(de)軍樂）。此種民間文藝至(zhi)今仍(reng)在“巴渝地(di)區(qu)”流(liu)傳(chuan)。《巴州志·風俗篇》有“春田插秧，選歌(ge)郎二人擊(ji)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)鳴(ming)鉦于(yu)(yu)隴上(shang)，曼聲而歌(ge)，更唱迭合，麗麗可聽，使耕者(zhe)忘其疲，以齊(qi)功(gong)力”之(zhi)記載，實(shi)為古(gu)代集(ji)體(ti)勞作(zuo)時的(de)(de)“戰(zhan)地(di)歌(ge)舞(wu)”。其目的(de)(de)與古(gu)戰(zhan)舞(wu)“巴渝舞(wu)”實(shi)為一致。

巴渝(yu)舞是(shi)流傳在重慶北部和四川東北部土著(zhu)人中(zhong)之原始歌(ge)舞，按其命名(ming)來講(jiang)，它的(de)具體流傳出(chu)處應(ying)是(shi)東漢(han)時漢(han)昌縣巴渝(yu)地區，即今(jin)巴中(zhong)市兩千年前的(de)地方歌(ge)舞。