芒果视频下载

簡介

巴(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)是(shi)(shi)西漢初年從西南地(di)區賨(cong)(cong)人（板盾蠻(man)）那里傳(chuan)來的(de)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)(dao)。漢高祖劉(liu)(liu)邦(bang)在平定三秦(qin)時，招(zhao)募了一批(pi)賨(cong)(cong)人作(zuo)前(qian)鋒，賨(cong)(cong)人勇(yong)猛善(shan)戰，其(qi)風(feng)俗又善(shan)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，劉(liu)(liu)邦(bang)便命樂(le)工學習和改(gai)編了他們的(de)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)(dao)，因為(wei)賨(cong)(cong)人生活于(yu)巴(ba)郡渝(yu)(yu)水一帶，所以就稱(cheng)此(ci)種(zhong)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)(dao)為(wei)巴(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu).巴(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)傳(chuan)入(ru)宮廷后，成為(wei)宮廷舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)(dao)，用來在宮廷宴會上表演軍旅戰斗的(de)場面，歌(ge)(ge)頌帝(di)(di)王功德(de)，是(shi)(shi)漢代著名(ming)雜舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。表演時，舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)者自披盔甲，手持矛(mao)、弩(nu)箭，口唱賨(cong)(cong)人古(gu)老戰歌(ge)(ge)，樂(le)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)交(jiao)作(zuo)，邊歌(ge)(ge)邊舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)者有(you)36人，是(shi)(shi)群舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。由(you)于(yu)這種(zhong)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)(dao)是(shi)(shi)武樂(le)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)(dao)，漢哀帝(di)(di)罷樂(le)府(fu)后，對巴(ba)渝(yu)(yu)鼓員(yuan)36人仍認為(wei)不可罷，交(jiao)由(you)大(da)樂(le)領(ling)屬，將它列入(ru)雅樂(le)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)(dao)的(de)系統。其(qi)伴奏樂(le)器(qi)以銅鼓為(wei)主，配合擊磬、搖(yao)鼗(tao)、撫琴，舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)曲(qu)(qu)有(you)《矛(mao)渝(yu)(yu)本(ben)歌(ge)(ge)曲(qu)(qu)》、《安弩(nu)渝(yu)(yu)本(ben)歌(ge)(ge)曲(qu)(qu)》、《安臺本(ben)歌(ge)(ge)曲(qu)(qu)》、《行辭本(ben)歌(ge)(ge)曲(qu)(qu)》等4篇。巴(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)發展到魏晉，已完(wan)全(quan)變成廟堂祭(ji)祀性質的(de)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)(dao)。巴(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)在我國古(gu)代舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)(dao)藝術中占有(you)較重要的(de)地(di)位。

基本信息

巴(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞：是中國古代(dai)最有(you)影響的戰前舞，即武舞。今和重(zhong)慶(qing)北部四川東(dong)北部嘉陵江支(zhi)流渝(yu)(yu)水(shui)（今重(zhong)慶(qing)嘉陵江）一(yi)帶(dai)居住過一(yi)種少數民(min)族人（巴(ba)人的一(yi)支(zhi)），或稱板木盾蠻，又稱獠人，創造了一(yi)種具有(you)民(min)族特色(se)的舞蹈，它發源于巴(ba)郡渝(yu)(yu)水(shui)流域，故名為巴(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞。”

歷史淵源

巴(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)是中國(guo)古代最有影響的戰(zhan)前舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，即武(wu)(wu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。《左傳》載3000年前“周(zhou)武(wu)(wu)王(wang)伐(fa)紂，巴(ba)(ba)(ba)師勇銳，歌(ge)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)以凌殷人。故曰：武(wu)(wu)王(wang)伐(fa)紂前戈后舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。”這里對“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)師歌(ge)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”并未(wei)命名(ming)，直到秦漢(han)相(xiang)爭(zheng)時漢(han)王(wang)朝再次將此舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)用(yong)于戰(zhan)斗之(zhi)中，在(zai)沖鋒陷陣時“銳氣喜舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，武(wu)(wu)帝善(shan)之(zhi)曰‘此武(wu)(wu)王(wang)伐(fa)紂之(zhi)歌(ge)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)也(ye)，乃(nai)令樂人習(xi)學之(zhi)，今所謂巴(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)也(ye)。’”這是“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”之(zhi)名(ming)在(zai)史書上正式提出。漢(han)高(gao)祖為什么(me)把(ba)這種(zhong)戰(zhan)前舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)命名(ming)為“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”？有關巴(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)之(zhi)源眾說(shuo)紛紜。董(dong)其(qi)(qi)祥教授在(zai)《巴(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)源流(liu)(liu)考(kao)》中，把(ba)“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”之(zhi)源結論(lun)為：“重(zhong)慶北部(bu)四川(chuan)東北部(bu)嘉陵江支(zhi)流(liu)(liu)渝(yu)(yu)水（今名(ming)流(liu)(liu)江）一(yi)帶居(ju)住過一(yi)種(zhong)少(shao)數(shu)民(min)族(zu)人（巴(ba)(ba)(ba)人的一(yi)支(zhi)），或稱板木盾(dun)蠻，又稱獠(liao)人，創造了一(yi)種(zhong)具有民(min)族(zu)特色的舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)，它發源于巴(ba)(ba)(ba)郡渝(yu)(yu)水流(liu)(liu)域，故名(ming)為巴(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。”另有胡宏基先生(sheng)《解讀巴(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)》認定“閬中市保(bao)寧鎮為巴(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)之(zhi)鄉。”晉人郭注(zhu)釋“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)”一(yi)辭說(shuo)：“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)西閬中有渝(yu)(yu)水，獠(liao)人居(ju)其(qi)(qi)上，皆(jie)剛勇好舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，漢(han)高(gao)祖之(zhi)以平(ping)三秦，后使樂府習(xi)之(zhi)因名(ming)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)也(ye)。”

命名

“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命名(ming)(ming)，既不是以(yi)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)郡、巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)西(xi)(xi)(xi)郡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)”和渝(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“渝(yu)(yu)”為(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)命名(ming)(ming)，也不是以(yi)族名(ming)(ming)為(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)命名(ming)(ming)。若(ruo)以(yi)渝(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)左右聚居(ju)人(ren)為(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)命名(ming)(ming)，巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)應(ying)命名(ming)(ming)為(wei)(wei)“渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)”也。《中(zhong)(zhong)國文化百科》在(zai)《巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)》辭條(tiao)中(zhong)(zhong)認定“由于(yu)人(ren)居(ju)住在(zai)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)地(di)(di)區(qu)，所(suo)以(yi)叫巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)”。那么秦(qin)漢(han)(han)時的“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)地(di)(di)區(qu)”又(you)在(zai)何處？據考：古(gu)(gu)“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)應(ying)是東(dong)(dong)漢(han)(han)時漢(han)(han)昌(chang)(chang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)轄(xia)地(di)(di)，前(qian)屬(shu)梁州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)（治今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)陜西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)鄭回(hui)軍壩(ba)天池(chi)梁），后屬(shu)益州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)西(xi)(xi)(xi)郡（治今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)閬中(zhong)(zhong)）直至民國時期，即(ji)今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)四川(chuan)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)中(zhong)(zhong)市(shi)所(suo)轄(xia)的巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)區(qu)、南(nan)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、通江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、平昌(chang)(chang)的巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、渝(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域。“在(zai)四川(chuan)東(dong)(dong)北部(bu)有(you)(you)(you)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)兩源(yuan)(yuan)，出自(zi)陜西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)鄭、鎮巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)境內米(mi)倉(cang)山(shan)，南(nan)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)至通江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)南(nan)會(hui)合(he)，西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)至平昌(chang)(chang)注入(ru)(ru)渠(qu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)”（《水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)經(jing)注》）。《巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)志(zhi)·巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)源(yuan)(yuan)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)圖》考：“州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)有(you)(you)(you)三(san)派，其(qi)(qi)自(zi)蟒(mang)潭河(he)(he)入(ru)(ru)者北水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，即(ji)古(gu)(gu)渝(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)也（今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)河(he)(he)，發源(yuan)(yuan)陜西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)鄭，經(jing)米(mi)倉(cang)山(shan)、南(nan)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)入(ru)(ru)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)中(zhong)(zhong)）；……自(zi)通巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)河(he)(he)入(ru)(ru)者，巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)也（今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)通江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)河(he)(he)，發源(yuan)(yuan)于(yu)陜西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)鄭、鎮巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)）。三(san)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)會(hui)于(yu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)口鎮（今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)平昌(chang)(chang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)城）合(he)而(er)為(wei)(wei)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)，眾流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)皆(jie)附之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，以(yi)達(da)于(yu)渠(qu)河(he)(he)（古(gu)(gu)潛水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)）”《漢(han)(han)志(zhi)》云(yun)“……而(er)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)、渝(yu)(yu)二(er)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)自(zi)古(gu)(gu)并稱，地(di)(di)必相近（巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)二(er)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)實(shi)為(wei)(wei)一山(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)隔）……”《三(san)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)記(ji)》云(yun)：“閬中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)渝(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。南(nan)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)在(zai)漢(han)(han)時屬(shu)閬中(zhong)(zhong)境內，此水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)為(wei)(wei)民所(suo)居(ju)，故稱‘巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)’、‘巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)’也”，這是史書(shu)上首次提及“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)。化成縣(xian)(xian)(xian)（治今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)區(qu)）北水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)一名(ming)(ming)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)嶺(ling)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，一名(ming)(ming)渝(yu)(yu)川(chuan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，一名(ming)(ming)宕(dang)渠(qu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。自(zi)集州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)（今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)南(nan)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)）難(nan)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)（今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)南(nan)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)河(he)(he)）界流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)入(ru)(ru)北水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，即(ji)今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)外之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)。從(cong)(cong)前(qian)未(wei)有(you)(you)(you)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)稱，自(zi)《九域志(zhi)》始言化成縣(xian)(xian)(xian)有(you)(you)(you)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)后，遂與南(nan)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)派出水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)嶺(ling)者當(dang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，其(qi)(qi)實(shi)則古(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)渝(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)也（巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)志(zhi)）。“渝(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，古(gu)(gu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)名(ming)(ming)，一名(ming)(ming)宕(dang)渠(qu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，即(ji)今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)四川(chuan)南(nan)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)及其(qi)(qi)下游渠(qu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)，古(gu)(gu)有(you)(you)(you)族聚居(ju)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)濱善(shan)歌舞(wu)(wu)，漢(han)(han)‘巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)’即(ji)出于(yu)此……”（《辭海》地(di)(di)理分冊）。從(cong)(cong)以(yi)上分析所(suo)知，“閬中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)渝(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，人(ren)多居(ju)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)左右……”是指在(zai)秦(qin)漢(han)(han)時巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)西(xi)(xi)(xi)郡所(suo)轄(xia)漢(han)(han)昌(chang)(chang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)的渝(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)《巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)中(zhong)(zhong)民國志(zhi)》。明楊瞻《四忠(zhong)祠記(ji)》“正德(de)辛(xin)未(wei)（正德(de)六(liu)年，1512年）以(yi)來，鄢藍（鄢本恕、藍延瑞）倡亂(luan)、旗幟千里，三(san)省煸動，巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民死(si)亡過半矣。”這里所(suo)指“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民”，即(ji)今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)中(zhong)(zhong)市(shi)（巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)區(qu)、南(nan)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、通江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、平昌(chang)(chang)）、達(da)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)北及南(nan)充市(shi)轄(xia)區(qu)和劍閣、梓(zi)潼(tong)等川(chuan)東(dong)(dong)北地(di)(di)區(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民。這里再(zai)次提到巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)地(di)(di)區(qu)，以(yi)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)地(di)(di)域之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)為(wei)(wei)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)命名(ming)(ming)，那是順其(qi)(qi)自(zi)然(ran)，俗以(yi)為(wei)(wei)常。

4篇舞曲

一曰矛渝，二曰安弩，三(san)曰安臺，四曰行辭(ci)。巴渝舞(wu)(wu)的(de)基(ji)本形式是“執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)仗而舞(wu)(wu)”。“仗”，兵器，“執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)仗”即執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)干戈；伴(ban)奏(zou)則(ze)是擊鼓。班(ban)固《漢書(shu)》載(zai)：“巴渝鼓員，三(san)十六人(ren)(ren)”。他(ta)講的(de)是宮廷燕樂(le)的(de)巴渝舞(wu)(wu)，征伐戰(zhan)場上的(de)巴渝舞(wu)(wu)，有多少(shao)(shao)人(ren)(ren)戰(zhan)斗(dou),就有多少(shao)(shao)人(ren)(ren)歌舞(wu)(wu)：在陣前拼殺者，執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)看挺戈，大(da)聲呼呵，后(hou)面(mian)伴(ban)奏(zou)者，則(ze)擊鼓頓足(zu)，以增威勢，這(zhe)就是史書(shu)所(suo)為(wei)的(de)“前歌后(hou)舞(wu)(wu)”。司(si)馬相(xiang)如在《子虛賦》中這(zhe)樣描繪巴渝舞(wu)(wu)的(de)壯觀(guan)(guan)場面(mian)：“千人(ren)(ren)唱，萬(wan)人(ren)(ren)和，山陵為(wei)之震動(dong)，山谷為(wei)之蕩(dang)波(bo)。”為(wei)了“耀(yao)武觀(guan)(guan)兵”，朝(chao)廷接待“四夷使(shi)者”，便常常表演(yan)巴渝舞(wu)(wu)。

巴渝舞(wu)(wu)(wu)是閬中渝水土(tu)著巴族賨人(ren)所(suo)創造(zao)的(de)(de)民間舞(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)。賨人(ren)天性勁勇，俗喜歌舞(wu)(wu)(wu)。漢高祖劉邦(bang)伐三秦建大漢時，被募為(wei)(wei)漢軍前鋒。他(ta)們那種(zhong)“巴師勇銳，歌舞(wu)(wu)(wu)以(yi)凌(ling)”的(de)(de)氣(qi)勢和戰斗力，贏得了漢高祖的(de)(de)喜愛(ai)，并將宗人(ren)的(de)(de)戰爭(zheng)武(wu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)取名(ming)(ming)為(wei)(wei)“巴渝舞(wu)(wu)(wu)”，引(yin)進宮(gong)廷，歷(li)(li)經(jing)(jing)(jing)魏、晉、南北朝(chao)，至唐代，雖曾數易(yi)其(qi)名(ming)(ming)，仍盛演(yan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)衰。唐以(yi)后，“巴渝舞(wu)(wu)(wu)”在宮(gong)庭中銷聲(sheng)匿跡，名(ming)(ming)不(bu)(bu)(bu)見經(jing)(jing)(jing)傳了。但在民間仍在世(shi)代承傳，歷(li)(li)經(jing)(jing)(jing)演(yan)變(bian)(bian)，原始(shi)的(de)(de)武(wu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)演(yan)變(bian)(bian)成祭祀(si)性舞(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)和慶典性舞(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)。留(liu)傳至今(jin)的(de)(de)“八(ba)仙(xian)(xian)鼓(gu)(gu)”（又名(ming)(ming)“巴象鼓(gu)(gu)”）即是歷(li)(li)經(jing)(jing)(jing)演(yan)變(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)“巴渝舞(wu)(wu)(wu)”的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)表現形(xing)式。“八(ba)仙(xian)(xian)鼓(gu)(gu)”為(wei)(wei)長柄雙面獸(shou)皮鼓(gu)(gu)，鼓(gu)(gu)面繪(hui)有八(ba)仙(xian)(xian)或圖騰圖案，直徑約30--40厘(li)米，鼓(gu)(gu)柄約120厘(li)米。八(ba)仙(xian)(xian)鼓(gu)(gu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)多為(wei)(wei)10人(ren)以(yi)上的(de)(de)群舞(wu)(wu)(wu)，適宜廣(guang)場表演(yan)。表演(yan)時，沙鑼(luo)一(yi)(yi)道，鼓(gu)(gu)手隨后，一(yi)(yi)面擊鼓(gu)(gu)，一(yi)(yi)面吶喊，不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷變(bian)(bian)換隊形(xing)，浩浩蕩(dang)蕩(dang)，威武(wu)雄壯(zhuang)。

1955年，閬(lang)(lang)中(zhong)組(zu)隊參加(jia)四川(chuan)(chuan)省第二屆民間音樂舞(wu)(wu)蹈會演(yan)獲獎(jiang)。1991年，閬(lang)(lang)中(zhong)市組(zu)織300人的(de)“八仙鼓”表演(yan)隊伍，參加(jia)南(nan)充第二屆絲綢節開幕式表演(yan)，引起轟動，獲得獎(jiang)勵。2001年市群眾藝術館蒲(pu)公英少兒藝術團演(yan)出(chu)(chu)的(de)以(yi)八仙鼓舞(wu)(wu)為素材的(de)創作舞(wu)(wu)蹈《巴鼓新韻》，參加(jia)四川(chuan)(chuan)省舞(wu)(wu)蹈大賽，獲得編導和表演(yan)兩個(ge)一(yi)等獎(jiang)。為了研究“巴渝舞(wu)(wu)”，1997年青海人民出(chu)(chu)版社出(chu)(chu)版發行(xing)了由肖善生(sheng)撰(zhuan)寫的(de)《巴渝舞(wu)(wu)初探》。

演義片段-巴渝舞

在三國演(yan)義32集--周(zhou)瑜空設計中，有一段周(zhou)瑜宴請劉備(bei)的(de)戲，宴席(xi)中有一段舞(wu)蹈，就是《巴渝舞(wu)》。

周瑜瞞著(zhu)諸(zhu)葛亮打算在(zai)(zai)宴(yan)席中摔杯(bei)為號殺死劉(liu)備。此時(shi)諸(zhu)葛亮在(zai)(zai)江邊聽到樂舞(wu)聲中透出(chu)一(yi)股殺氣(qi)，說：“這是巴(ba)渝舞(wu)。”問(wen)魯肅“帳(zhang)中宴(yan)請何人？”，聽到宴(yan)請的是劉(liu)備后不禁(jin)大(da)驚失色驚呼：“我主(zhu)危矣！”急(ji)忙跑(pao)去，當(dang)看到劉(liu)備身旁(pang)站立的關羽時(shi)，松了(le)口(kou)氣(qi)擦了(le)擦汗說道：“我主(zhu)無險矣。”周瑜因忌憚(dan)關羽，計劃最終(zhong)沒(mei)有得逞。

民間流傳

“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)渝舞(wu)”民間稱之為“渝兒舞(wu)”。此名在(zai)(zai)唐太宗大歷年間仍在(zai)(zai)漢昌境地(di)廣(guang)為流傳。梁州(zhou)刺史(shi)李勉募中任職的唐代(dai)(dai)詩(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)韓弘（河南沁陽縣人(ren)(ren)）在(zai)(zai)千山口所寫《送巴(ba)(ba)(ba)州(zhou)楊使(shi)君》詩(shi)(shi)中留下“萬(wan)里歌鐘(zhong)相慶時，巴(ba)(ba)(ba)童聲(sheng)節渝兒舞(wu)”之詩(shi)(shi)句（《巴(ba)(ba)(ba)州(zhou)志·藝文上》）。詩(shi)(shi)中“萬(wan)里歌鐘(zhong)”指遼闊的巴(ba)(ba)(ba)州(zhou)（古稱野(ye)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)州(zhou)）人(ren)(ren)民唱歌擊鑼(luo)鼓。“渝兒舞(wu)”即“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)渝舞(wu)”。詩(shi)(shi)意(yi)為楊使(shi)君到巴(ba)(ba)(ba)州(zhou)整飭防務取得成績后，巴(ba)(ba)(ba)州(zhou)人(ren)(ren)民定會載歌載舞(wu)為其慶賀。說明“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)渝舞(wu)”在(zai)(zai)唐代(dai)(dai)時仍在(zai)(zai)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)州(zhou)廣(guang)為流傳。

《薅草鑼(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)》是(shi)流(liu)(liu)傳(chuan)于(yu)大(da)巴(ba)山(shan)南麓巴(ba)中市米倉(cang)山(shan)區(qu)的一種(zhong)在(zai)(zai)薅包谷草時演唱的大(da)型(xing)連套體山(shan)歌(ge)，所用(yong)鑼(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)伴奏源于(yu)“巴(ba)渝舞”的伴奏樂器鑼(luo)和鼓(gu)(gu)，即(ji)古代的鼓(gu)(gu)和鉦（一種(zhong)長柄鐘的軍樂）。此種(zhong)民(min)間文藝至(zhi)今仍在(zai)(zai)“巴(ba)渝地(di)區(qu)”流(liu)(liu)傳(chuan)。《巴(ba)州(zhou)志·風俗篇》有“春(chun)田插秧，選歌(ge)郎(lang)二人擊鼓(gu)(gu)鳴鉦于(yu)隴上，曼聲而歌(ge)，更唱迭合(he)，麗麗可聽(ting)，使耕者忘其(qi)疲，以齊功力”之記載，實為古代集體勞作時的“戰地(di)歌(ge)舞”。其(qi)目的與古戰舞“巴(ba)渝舞”實為一致。

巴渝舞是(shi)流(liu)傳(chuan)在重(zhong)慶北部(bu)和(he)四(si)川東北部(bu)土著人中之(zhi)原始歌舞，按其命(ming)名來講，它的具體(ti)流(liu)傳(chuan)出處應是(shi)東漢(han)時漢(han)昌縣巴渝地區，即今(jin)巴中市(shi)兩(liang)千年前的地方歌舞。