滆(he)(he)(he)湖(hu),俗稱篩(shai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)湖(hu)(當地人發音類似(si)沙子(zi)(zi)(zi),篩(shai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)湖(hu)意(yi)思是(shi)(shi)很(hen)淺的(de)湖(hu),滆(he)(he)(he)湖(hu)內并無(wu)沙子(zi)(zi)(zi)),亦稱西滆(he)(he)(he)湖(hu)和(he)西滆(he)(he)(he)沙子(zi)(zi)(zi)湖(hu)和(he)西太(tai)(tai)湖(hu),位于武進西南(nan)部與宜(yi)興東北(bei)部間,為武進和(he)宜(yi)興共享,是(shi)(shi)蘇南(nan)地區僅(jin)次于太(tai)(tai)湖(hu)的(de)第二大湖(hu)泊,滆(he)(he)(he)湖(hu)面積約(yue)25萬畝(約(yue)166.7k㎡),平均水深不足1.5米。關(guan)于滆(he)(he)(he)湖(hu)的(de)形(xing)成時間及(ji)(ji)取名由來,一直是(shi)(shi)一個(ge)謎。搞清(qing)楚滆(he)(he)(he)湖(hu)的(de)形(xing)成時間及(ji)(ji)取名由來,對科學利用和(he)充分發揮滆(he)(he)(he)湖(hu)旅(lv)游資(zi)源的(de)價值(zhi)具有(you)重要意(yi)義(yi)。
滆(he)(he)(he)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu),俗稱沙(sha)子湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu),滆(he)(he)(he)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)位于太(tai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)上游,縱跨武進區(qu)(qu)和宜興兩市(區(qu)(qu)),東臨太(tai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu),西接長(chang)蕩湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu),南(nan)連宜興氿(gui)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu),北(bei)經(jing)扁擔河、德勝(sheng)河通長(chang)江。它(ta)是蘇南(nan)地區(qu)(qu)僅次(ci)于太(tai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)的第二大(da)淡水(shui)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu),江蘇五大(da)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊之一(yi)。滆(he)(he)(he)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)南(nan)北(bei)長(chang)25公里(li),東西平(ping)均寬6.6公里(li),現(xian)有水(shui)面積(ji)24.9萬畝(mu)(約166.7k㎡),常年(nian)平(ping)均水(shui)深約1.3米(mi)。滆(he)(he)(he)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)面狀如一(yi)長(chang)茄形(xing),湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)岸圓滑整齊。湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)體呈淺碟型,湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)底(di)平(ping)坦。沿(yan)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)河港縱橫,水(shui)網交錯,池塘星羅棋布,自然環境優(you)美。
對于(yu)(yu)滆(he)湖(hu)(hu)是(shi)因(yin)地震發生地陷(xian)(xian)而成(cheng)湖(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)成(cheng)原因(yin)是(shi)沒有(you)(you)(you)人懷疑的(de)(de)(de),因(yin)為(wei)(wei)這不(bu)但有(you)(you)(you)史(shi)籍記載證明,而且圍(wei)湖(hu)(hu)建滆(he)湖(hu)(hu)農場時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)發現也已證實。但對于(yu)(yu)滆(he)湖(hu)(hu)形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)具體時(shi)間(jian)卻說法不(bu)一(yi),現有(you)(you)(you)二(er)種(zhong)說法,一(yi)說滆(he)湖(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)成(cheng)時(shi)間(jian)為(wei)(wei)晉朝,如《嘉澤鄉(xiang)志(zhi)》有(you)(you)(you)云:“晉朝年(nian)間(jian),(滆(he)湖(hu)(hu))是(shi)一(yi)古城,后經(jing)地震陷(xian)(xian)落而成(cheng)湖(hu)(hu)泊。”二(er)說滆(he)湖(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)成(cheng)時(shi)間(jian)為(wei)(wei)唐(tang)代,如《南夏墅(shu)鄉(xiang)志(zhi)》錄(lu)《孫氏宗譜》有(you)(you)(you)云:“(滆(he)湖(hu)(hu))相傳為(wei)(wei)唐(tang)天寶年(nian)間(jian)所陷(xian)(xian)。”筆者認為(wei)(wei),滆(he)湖(hu)(hu)形(xing)成(cheng)于(yu)(yu)晉、唐(tang)時(shi)代二(er)說缺少(shao)史(shi)籍資料和考古資料的(de)(de)(de)支持,均不(bu)可信。依(yi)據現有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)史(shi)籍相關(guan)資料和考古資料,滆(he)湖(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)成(cheng)時(shi)間(jian)應在東漢(han)中晚(wan)期,這可通(tong)過下面的(de)(de)(de)考證得到證實。
記(ji)載吳越史志的《越絕書》,在記(ji)載昔吳越之地(di)漢時(shi)的湖(hu)泊(bo)時(shi),只記(ji)載有太湖(hu)、射貴湖(hu)、無錫湖(hu)、尸湖(hu)、小湖(hu)、耆湖(hu)、乘湖(hu)、猶湖(hu)、語(yu)昭湖(hu)、作湖(hu)、昆湖(hu)、湖(hu)王湖(hu)和丹湖(hu),并沒有記(ji)載有滆(he)湖(hu),這就說(shuo)明在《越絕書》成書時(shi)滆(he)湖(hu)還未形成,如果此時(shi)滆(he)湖(hu)已(yi)存在的話,該(gai)書必會將(jiang)其收錄在內。
書中(zhong)還未(wei)有(you)(you)“滆(he)(he)(he)(he)”字(zi)(zi),這說(shuo)(shuo)明(ming)“滆(he)(he)(he)(he)”字(zi)(zi)為(wei)(wei)后起字(zi)(zi)。許慎《說(shuo)(shuo)文解字(zi)(zi)》成(cheng)書于(yu)(yu)公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)100年(nian)(nian)(nian),是時(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)東(dong)(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)中(zhong)期(qi)(qi)(qi),據此(ci)也可(ke)(ke)證(zheng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)東(dong)(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)早(zao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)時(shi)(shi)滆(he)(he)(he)(he)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)還沒有(you)(you)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)。今滆(he)(he)(he)(he)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)東(dong)(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)早(zao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)時(shi)(shi)還未(wei)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng),從(cong)考(kao)古資(zi)料方面也可(ke)(ke)得(de)到證(zheng)實。1993年(nian)(nian)(nian)6月,在(zai)(zai)(zai)滆(he)(he)(he)(he)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)農場處發(fa)(fa)現了一座漢(han)(han)(han)(han)代(dai)(dai)古墓葬,墓葬內(nei)出土的(de)(de)一批五(wu)(wu)(wu)銖錢(qian)幣“五(wu)(wu)(wu)銖”二字(zi)(zi)規整,“五(wu)(wu)(wu)”字(zi)(zi)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)舒展,“銖”字(zi)(zi)朱(zhu)旁上(shang)(shang)折方中(zhong)見圓,具有(you)(you)東(dong)(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)早(zao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)銖錢(qian)的(de)(de)典型特征,據此(ci)可(ke)(ke)斷定(ding)該墓葬主人(ren)的(de)(de)下葬確切時(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)應在(zai)(zai)(zai)東(dong)(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)早(zao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)。滆(he)(he)(he)(he)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)農場原是滆(he)(he)(he)(he)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)一部分,1971年(nian)(nian)(nian)因圍湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)造田才變成(cheng)旱地,在(zai)(zai)(zai)該處發(fa)(fa)現東(dong)(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)早(zao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)墓葬,說(shuo)(shuo)明(ming)滆(he)(he)(he)(he)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)東(dong)(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)早(zao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)時(shi)(shi)還未(wei)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)。否則,滆(he)(he)(he)(he)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)內(nei)就(jiu)不(bu)會(hui)出現東(dong)(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)早(zao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)墓葬。綜合以上(shang)(shang)考(kao)證(zheng)可(ke)(ke)得(de)出 ,滆(he)(he)(he)(he)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)既不(bu)是晉(jin)代(dai)(dai),也不(bu)是唐代(dai)(dai),而是在(zai)(zai)(zai)東(dong)(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)早(zao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后。從(cong)現有(you)(you)的(de)(de)史籍資(zi)料來(lai)看,最(zui)(zui)早(zao)言及(ji)到滆(he)(he)(he)(he)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)人(ren)士(shi)是三(san)國(guo)(guo)時(shi)(shi)東(dong)(dong)吳經(jing)學家、會(hui)稽(ji)(今浙江)人(ren)虞(yu)(yu)翻,如元(yuan)至正(zheng)《金陵新志》載(zai):“虞(yu)(yu)翻曰(yue):‘太(tai)(tai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)有(you)(you)五(wu)(wu)(wu)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu),故(gu)謂(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu),滆(he)(he)(he)(he)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu),洮(tao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu),射(she)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu),貴湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)及(ji)太(tai)(tai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)為(wei)(wei)五(wu)(wu)(wu)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu),并(bing)太(tai)(tai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)小支,具連(lian)太(tai)(tai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu),故(gu)太(tai)(tai)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)兼得(de)五(wu)(wu)(wu)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)。’”虞(yu)(yu)翻既已(yi)言到滆(he)(he)(he)(he)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu),說(shuo)(shuo)明(ming)虞(yu)(yu)翻時(shi)(shi)滆(he)(he)(he)(he)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)已(yi)肯(ken)定(ding)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)。虞(yu)(yu)翻生于(yu)(yu)公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)164年(nian)(nian)(nian),卒于(yu)(yu)公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)233年(nian)(nian)(nian),這也就(jiu)是說(shuo)(shuo),滆(he)(he)(he)(he)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)晚(wan)(wan)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)應在(zai)(zai)(zai)公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)233年(nian)(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前。依據東(dong)(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)早(zao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)滆(he)(he)(he)(he)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)還未(wei)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng),公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)233年(nian)(nian)(nian)虞(yu)(yu)翻卒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前滆(he)(he)(he)(he)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)已(yi)存在(zai)(zai)(zai),三(san)國(guo)(guo)初年(nian)(nian)(nian)為(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)220年(nian)(nian)(nian),可(ke)(ke)斷定(ding)滆(he)(he)(he)(he)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)應在(zai)(zai)(zai)東(dong)(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)中(zhong)晚(wan)(wan)期(qi)(qi)(qi)。