宋(song)少(shao)(shao)帝(di)陵(ling),早期(qi)稱宋(song)少(shao)(shao)帝(di)墓,是(shi)南宋(song)最后(hou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個皇帝(di)宋(song)少(shao)(shao)帝(di)趙昺的(de)(de)陵(ling)墓,位于(yu)中國廣東省深圳市(shi)南山(shan)區(qu)招商街道赤(chi)灣村少(shao)(shao)帝(di)路、赤(chi)灣公園附近,是(shi)廣東省境(jing)內的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)座宋(song)代皇帝(di)陵(ling)寢。宋(song)少(shao)(shao)帝(di)陵(ling)是(shi)深圳市(shi)第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)批重(zhong)點文(wen)物保護(hu)單位。
宋(song)少(shao)帝(di)陵(ling)(ling)遠沒有一般皇(huang)(huang)帝(di)陵(ling)(ling)那么大氣,整(zheng)個陵(ling)(ling)園幾(ji)乎一覽(lan)無余。陵(ling)(ling)園北依小(xiao)南山,南臨伶仃洋。正中(zhong)就(jiu)是(shi)少(shao)帝(di)墓,墓地中(zhong)央豎立一塊(kuai)大石碑,墓碑的上方刻(ke)有祥龍(long)兩幅(fu),中(zhong)間刻(ke)有一太陽浮雕(diao);墓碑正中(zhong)鐫刻(ke)“大宋(song)祥慶少(shao)帝(di)之陵(ling)(ling)”八(ba)個填(tian)金大字(zi)(zi)(據說,“祥慶”應為(wei)“祥興(xing)”之誤(wu),但(dan)在粵(yue)語中(zhong),“慶”和“興(xing)”讀音相近);右(you)左兩行(xing)填(tian)金小(xiao)字(zi)(zi)為(wei):“本山坐于兼祭復卦(gua)四支”、“辛亥歲趙(zhao)氏三派裔(yi)(yi)孫重修”,兩旁有一金字(zi)(zi)對聯:“黃裔(yi)(yi)于今延宋(song)祀(si),赤灣長此鞏皇(huang)(huang)陵(ling)(ling)”。
碑后(hou)為(wei)墳堆,有兩重弧形圍(wei)墻,前段中間頂(ding)面(mian)塑祥云拱月,涂染朱紅,后(hou)段頂(ding)面(mian)塑雙龍拱日(ri),下有一只鳳(feng)鳥裝飾。
墓的(de)東側,立有(you)一塊(kuai)泉州白石碑(bei),正面(mian)是《宋帝(di)昺(bing)陵墓碑(bei)記》,記敘(xu)了宋少帝(di)的(de)生(sheng)平、陸秀(xiu)夫負帝(di)殉(xun)海(hai)的(de)經過(guo)以及陵墓的(de)修建情(qing)況,碑(bei)文為篆體陰文,風格古拙,是著名書法(fa)(fa)家商承(cheng)祚所寫。石碑(bei)背面(mian)則刻有(you)著名書法(fa)(fa)家秦萼生(sheng)題(ti)筆的(de)八個大(da)字:“崖(ya)海(hai)潛(qian)龍,赤灣延帝(di)”,字體蒼勁。
乘坐b600路、b819路至“赤(chi)灣小(xiao)學”站(zhan)下。
宋(song)少帝(di)(di),也(ye)稱(cheng)宋(song)末帝(di)(di),名叫趙(zhao)昺(bing)(bǐng),是宋(song)度宗趙(zhao)禥(qi)(qí)的兒子(zi)(zi),宋(song)末三帝(di)(di)之一(yi)。趙(zhao)禥(qi)有(you)三個(ge)兒子(zi)(zi),二兒子(zi)(zi)趙(zhao)顯是嫡(di)子(zi)(zi),大(da)兒子(zi)(zi)趙(zhao)昰(shì)和三兒子(zi)(zi)趙(zhao)昺(bing)是庶子(zi)(zi)。
趙(zhao)昺生(sheng)于公(gong)元1271年,這一年,忽必(bi)烈建立了元朝,因此(ci),他一出生(sheng)就注定是一場悲劇。1274年,度宗死在酒色之中,四歲的嫡(di)子(zi)趙(zhao)顯在奸臣賈似道的扶(fu)持下登基做皇帝,稱為(wei)宋(song)恭(gong)帝。當時(shi)宋(song)元交戰,元兵已飲馬長(chang)江,南宋(song)國勢(shi)危急(ji)。
1276年,南(nan)宋(song)(song)(song)國(guo)都臨安(杭州(zhou))陷落(luo),宋(song)(song)(song)恭帝被俘。南(nan)宋(song)(song)(song)大臣(chen)護送趙(zhao)(zhao)昰和趙(zhao)(zhao)昺(bing)(bing)南(nan)逃,并在福州(zhou)擁立趙(zhao)(zhao)昰為(wei)(wei)帝,即宋(song)(song)(song)端(duan)宗。元兵窮(qiong)追不(bu)舍(she),南(nan)宋(song)(song)(song)小(xiao)朝廷(ting)被迫繼(ji)續逃亡到廣(guang)東。1278年端(duan)宗病(bing)死,大臣(chen)們就擁立8歲的趙(zhao)(zhao)昺(bing)(bing)為(wei)(wei)帝,改年號(hao)為(wei)(wei)祥興,并以陸(lu)秀(xiu)夫為(wei)(wei)左丞相,張世杰(jie)為(wei)(wei)太傅(fu),進駐廣(guang)東新會崖山,繼(ji)續抗擊元軍。
祥興二年(1279)正(zheng)月(yue),元(yuan)軍進攻崖山(shan),宋(song)(song)元(yuan)兩(liang)軍在(zai)廣東新會的(de)崖山(shan)海面(mian)決戰,結果,張世杰(jie)所率宋(song)(song)軍寡(gua)不(bu)(bu)敵眾,大(da)敗海上。3月(yue)19日(ri),陸秀(xiu)夫見大(da)勢已去,于是身穿朝(chao)服,將8歲的(de)小皇帝(di)(di)(di)趙昺抱(bao)到船(chuan)頭,叩首再(zai)拜道:“國事至(zhi)此,陛(bi)下(xia)當為國死(si)。德(de)祐(you)皇帝(di)(di)(di)(宋(song)(song)恭帝(di)(di)(di))辱(ru)已甚,陛(bi)下(xia)不(bu)(bu)可再(zai)辱(ru)!”言罷(ba),背起(qi)小皇帝(di)(di)(di),跳入(ru)茫(mang)茫(mang)大(da)海,至(zhi)此,南(nan)宋(song)(song)徹底滅(mie)亡。