芒果视频下载

基本介紹

北邙(mang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)，又名北芒(mang)、邙(mang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)、北山(shan)(shan)(shan)、平(ping)逢山(shan)(shan)(shan)、太平(ping)山(shan)(shan)(shan)、郟(jia)山(shan)(shan)(shan)。北邙(mang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)海拔300米左右，東(dong)西橫亙數百里，位于河南(nan)(nan)省洛陽市(shi)北，黃河南(nan)(nan)岸，是秦嶺山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)的余脈(mo)，崤(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)支脈(mo)。據(ju)《河南(nan)(nan)府(fu)志》記載，自邙(mang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)之首白(bai)馬山(shan)(shan)(shan)，往(wang)西到(dao)神尾(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)，凡三十三峰。經澠池(chi)、新安、洛陽、孟津、偃師、鞏縣六縣，東(dong)西長(chang)三百八十余里。

唐(tang)代(dai)詩人王(wang)建有詩云：“北(bei)邙(mang)(mang)山頭少(shao)閑(xian)土，盡(jin)是洛(luo)(luo)陽人舊墓(mu)”。白居易則留下了“何事不隨東(dong)洛(luo)(luo)水，誰家又葬北(bei)邙(mang)(mang)山”的詩句。北(bei)邙(mang)(mang)山上，現存有秦相呂不韋(wei)墓(mu)、漢光(guang)武(wu)帝劉秀的原陵(ling)、西(xi)晉司(si)馬氏、南(nan)朝陳后主(zhu)、南(nan)唐(tang)李后主(zhu)陵(ling)墓(mu)，以(yi)及唐(tang)朝詩人杜甫、大(da)書法家顏真卿等歷代(dai)名(ming)人之墓(mu)。

景點景觀

北邙山帝陵

北(bei)邙(mang)山(shan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)分西(xi)(xi)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)（北(bei)魏陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)區(qu)(qu)）、中段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)（東周、東漢(han)(han)(han)、后(hou)(hou)唐(tang)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)區(qu)(qu)）、東段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)（西(xi)(xi)晉、曹(cao)(cao)魏陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)區(qu)(qu)）和夾河段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)（東漢(han)(han)(han)、西(xi)(xi)晉墓群(qun)）四區(qu)(qu)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，目前已知在此埋葬著6代(dai)共(gong)24座(zuo)(zuo)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)王陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)墓。其中東周時期(qi)王墓8座(zuo)(zuo)，東漢(han)(han)(han)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)5座(zuo)(zuo)，曹(cao)(cao)魏帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)1座(zuo)(zuo)，西(xi)(xi)晉帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)5座(zuo)(zuo)，北(bei)魏帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)4座(zuo)(zuo)，五(wu)代(dai)后(hou)(hou)唐(tang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)1座(zuo)(zuo)。東漢(han)(han)(han)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)為(wei)漢(han)(han)(han)光武帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)原(yuan)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、漢(han)(han)(han)安(an)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)恭陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、漢(han)(han)(han)順帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)憲陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、漢(han)(han)(han)沖帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)懷陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、漢(han)(han)(han)靈帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)文(wen)(wen)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)；曹(cao)(cao)魏帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)為(wei)魏文(wen)(wen)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)首陽(yang)(yang)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)；西(xi)(xi)晉帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)為(wei)晉宣帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)高原(yuan)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、晉景帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)峻平陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、晉文(wen)(wen)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)崇陽(yang)(yang)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、晉武帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)峻陽(yang)(yang)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、晉惠帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)太陽(yang)(yang)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)；北(bei)魏帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)為(wei)孝文(wen)(wen)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)長陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、宣武帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)景陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、孝明帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)定(ding)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、孝莊帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)靜(jing)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)；后(hou)(hou)唐(tang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)為(wei)明宗徽(hui)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)。另外后(hou)(hou)唐(tang)閔帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)李從厚、末帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)李從珂陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)、以及三國時期(qi)蜀(shu)代(dai)末主(zhu)劉(liu)禪、南唐(tang)后(hou)(hou)主(zhu)李煜、后(hou)(hou)蜀(shu)末主(zhu)孟昶等陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)墓也均在邙(mang)山(shan)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)墓區(qu)(qu)內。

洛陽古代藝術博物館

洛(luo)(luo)陽(yang)(yang)古(gu)(gu)(gu)代(dai)藝(yi)術(shu)博(bo)(bo)物(wu)館(guan)原名洛(luo)(luo)陽(yang)(yang)古(gu)(gu)(gu)墓(mu)(mu)博(bo)(bo)物(wu)館(guan)，占(zhan)地面(mian)積130余畝，建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)積8200余平方米，由一組仿漢代(dai)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群和一組仿北魏(wei)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群組成(cheng)，1987年(nian)建(jian)成(cheng)開(kai)放(fang)。其(qi)面(mian)積之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大、風格(ge)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)別致、收集古(gu)(gu)(gu)墓(mu)(mu)年(nian)代(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)久、類型及數量之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)多均屬(shu)世(shi)界(jie)首(shou)位，是中國一大奇(qi)觀。因(yin)此，洛(luo)(luo)陽(yang)(yang)古(gu)(gu)(gu)墓(mu)(mu)博(bo)(bo)物(wu)館(guan)既(ji)是我國目(mu)前較(jiao)大的古(gu)(gu)(gu)墓(mu)(mu)博(bo)(bo)物(wu)館(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一，也是世(shi)界(jie)上(shang)第一座古(gu)(gu)(gu)墓(mu)(mu)博(bo)(bo)物(wu)館(guan)。洛(luo)(luo)陽(yang)(yang)古(gu)(gu)(gu)代(dai)藝(yi)術(shu)博(bo)(bo)物(wu)館(guan)分(fen)為歷(li)代(dai)典型墓(mu)(mu)葬、北魏(wei)帝(di)王陵和古(gu)(gu)(gu)代(dai)壁畫館(guan)三大展區。

上清宮

上(shang)(shang)(shang)清(qing)宮，道教(jiao)(jiao)名觀(guan)，位于(yu)北(bei)(bei)邙山翠云峰上(shang)(shang)(shang)，始(shi)建(jian)于(yu)唐代，初稱老(lao)(lao)君廟(miao)。相(xiang)傳老(lao)(lao)子(zi)曾在北(bei)(bei)邙煉丹，山上(shang)(shang)(shang)建(jian)有(you)上(shang)(shang)(shang)清(qing)觀(guan)以奉(feng)祀(si)老(lao)(lao)子(zi)。附(fu)近還有(you)道教(jiao)(jiao)寺(si)觀(guan)呂祖庵、武則天避暑行宮、中清(qing)宮、下清(qing)宮等古建(jian)筑(zhu)。唐宋時(shi)期，每逢重陽佳節，上(shang)(shang)(shang)北(bei)(bei)邙游(you)覽(lan)者絡繹不絕。唐朝詩(shi)人(ren)張(zhang)籍(ji)詩(shi)云：“人(ren)居朝市(shi)未解(jie)愁，請君暫向北(bei)(bei)邙游(you)。”“邙山晚眺”被譽為“洛陽八景”之一(yi)。每當夕陽西下，萬家燈火(huo)，如(ru)同天上(shang)(shang)(shang)繁(fan)星，登阜遠望，伊洛二(er)川之勝，盡收(shou)眼底。

呂不韋墓

呂(lv)(lv)不(bu)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)墓(mu)，位(wei)于(yu)今河(he)南(nan)省(sheng)偃(yan)師市首陽(yang)山(shan)鎮。據《史(shi)記(ji)集(ji)解(jie)》記(ji)載：“呂(lv)(lv)不(bu)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)冢(zhong)(zhong)在河(he)南(nan)洛陽(yang)北邙道西大冢(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)也。民(min)傳言呂(lv)(lv)母冢(zhong)(zhong)。不(bu)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)妻(qi)先葬，故其(qi)(qi)冢(zhong)(zhong)名呂(lv)(lv)母也。”公元前235年，文信侯呂(lv)(lv)不(bu)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)死去，被其(qi)(qi)賓(bin)(bin)客偷偷安葬在洛陽(yang)北芒(mang)山(shan)。《史(shi)記(ji)·秦始(shi)皇本紀》載：“十二年，文信侯不(bu)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)死，竊葬。”唐代司馬貞(zhen)《史(shi)記(ji)索隱》云(yun)：“不(bu)韋(wei)(wei)(wei)飲鴆死，其(qi)(qi)賓(bin)(bin)客數千人竊共葬于(yu)洛陽(yang)北芒(mang)山(shan)。”

杜甫陵園

杜甫陵園位于(yu)(yu)(yu)北邙山邙嶺上，陵園占地34畝，座北向南(nan)，主體建筑有大(da)門樓、杜甫大(da)型雕(diao)像、雙(shuang)層亭(ting)、詩圣碑(bei)林、杜甫墓、吟(yin)詩亭(ting)、望鄉亭(ting)、草亭(ting)、獻(xian)殿等(deng)。唐大(da)歷五(wu)年(nian)(nian)（770年(nian)(nian)）杜甫病歿于(yu)(yu)(yu)行往岳陽(yang)(yang)的湘江(jiang)舟中（一(yi)說死于(yu)(yu)(yu)耒陽(yang)(yang)），因家人無力安葬，靈(ling)(ling)柩厝于(yu)(yu)(yu)岳州（今(jin)湖南(nan)岳陽(yang)(yang)）。元和(he)八年(nian)(nian)（813年(nian)(nian)），其(qi)孫杜嗣(si)業遵(zun)其(qi)父囑托，將(jiang)杜甫靈(ling)(ling)柩歸葬于(yu)(yu)(yu)先祖墓旁，即洛(luo)陽(yang)(yang)偃師(shi)城(cheng)西首陽(yang)(yang)山。后(hou)又遷于(yu)(yu)(yu)鞏(gong)縣(xian)（鞏(gong)義市），杜甫的兩個兒子宗(zong)文、宗(zong)武陪葬墓側，當地群眾稱(cheng)“圣人三(san)冢”。

國家牡丹園

國(guo)家牡丹園又(you)名中國(guo)洛(luo)陽(yang)國(guo)家牡丹基因(yin)庫，位(wei)于(yu)洛(luo)陽(yang)市邙山中溝西。占地(di)面(mian)積(ji)700畝，其中牡丹觀賞園分南(nan)園和北園，面(mian)積(ji)500畝，育(yu)苗200畝，搜集(ji)國(guo)內牡丹園藝(yi)品種600余個(ge)，野生(sheng)種6個(ge)，培育(yu)新品種72個(ge)，數量50余萬株(zhu)，引(yin)進國(guo)外(wai)園藝(yi)品種100余個(ge)，數量5萬株(zhu)。年繁殖(zhi)九大(da)色系，品種齊全，花大(da)色艷的(de)優質商品牡丹30萬株(zhu)，已成為野生(sheng)牡丹引(yin)種馴(xun)化，新品種培育(yu)和商品牡丹繁殖(zhi)的(de)國(guo)內較大(da)生(sheng)產基地(di)。

地理環境

地質形成

北邙(mang)山位于東(dong)亞地貌階梯低邊界(jie)帶上(shang)，地處(chu)以風(feng)塵(chen)沉積為(wei)主的(de)黃土(tu)區向以風(feng)塵(chen)沉積與流(liu)水沉積共同作(zuo)用的(de)平(ping)原(yuan)區的(de)過渡(du)地帶，是黃土(tu)高(gao)原(yuan)與華(hua)北平(ping)原(yuan)過渡(du)帶上(shang)最東(dong)南緣的(de)黃土(tu)塬。

地貌特征

北邙山地勢(shi)起伏(fu)平緩，高敞(chang)而空(kong)曠，中間高而四周低(di)，黃土土層深(shen)厚(hou)，黏結性好，堅固(gu)致密，滲(shen)水率(lv)低(di)。

北邙山為東西走向，地形屬于低山黃土丘陵地帶，山上丘陵、崗地相間。其中西北的新安段地勢起伏較大，北坡陡峭，南坡較緩，嶺坡連綿，溝壑縱橫，地形切割嚴重。而孟津段、偃師段地勢起伏較為平緩。

植物資源

北(bei)邙(mang)山是洛陽(yang)牡(mu)(mu)丹(dan)(dan)的(de)原生地(di)，陽(yang)春三月(yue)，北(bei)邙(mang)山遍山野花(hua)(hua)競相開放，如龍柏連翹、牡(mu)(mu)丹(dan)(dan)、杜鵑等。北(bei)邙(mang)山面對黃(huang)河，松柏碧草(cao)間多清泉流溪。北(bei)邙(mang)山地(di)勢高，陽(yang)光照(zhao)射(she)充(chong)足，晝夜溫差大，獨特(te)的(de)小氣候造就了(le)(le)極(ji)適宜牡(mu)(mu)丹(dan)(dan)生長(chang)的(de)自然條件，所植牡(mu)(mu)丹(dan)(dan)花(hua)(hua)朵(duo)大、花(hua)(hua)色艷、花(hua)(hua)期(qi)長(chang)，已(yi)形成(cheng)了(le)(le)集科研、種植、觀賞(shang)、銷(xiao)售于一體的(de)牡(mu)(mu)丹(dan)(dan)產業。

動物資源

北邙山(shan)的(de)(de)(de)野生動物主(zhu)要有草兔、蛇(she)等體積較(jiao)小的(de)(de)(de)獸類、爬行類、兩棲類等，鳥(niao)類較(jiao)多常(chang)見的(de)(de)(de)有麻(ma)雀、石雞、貓頭鷹、啄木鳥(niao)等。昆(kun)蟲有蝴蝶、蜻蜓、蟬、蜂、蠶、蜈蚣(gong)、蜘蛛、蝎(xie)子、蝸牛、螢火蟲、金龜(gui)子等。