[英國]華茲華斯 顧子欣 譯
我好似一朵孤獨的流云，
高(gao)高(gao)地飄游在(zai)山谷(gu)之上，
突然我看到一大片鮮花，
是金色的水(shui)仙遍(bian)地開放。
它們開在(zai)湖(hu)畔，開在(zai)樹下
它們隨(sui)風嬉舞(wu)，隨(sui)風飄蕩。
它們密集如銀河的星(xing)星(xing)，
像(xiang)群星(xing)在閃爍一片晶瑩；
它們(men)沿著海灣(wan)向前伸展(zhan)，
通向(xiang)遠方(fang)仿佛無(wu)窮(qiong)無(wu)盡；
一眼看(kan)去就(jiu)有千朵萬朵，
萬花搖首舞(wu)得多(duo)么高興(xing)。
粼粼湖波也在近旁(pang)歡跳(tiao)，
卻(que)不知這水仙舞(wu)得輕俏；
詩人遇見這快樂的伙伴(ban)，
又怎能不感到歡(huan)欣雀躍；
我久(jiu)(jiu)久(jiu)(jiu)凝視--卻未(wei)能領(ling)悟
這景象所(suo)帶給(gei)我的精神至寶。
后(hou)來多少次(ci)我郁郁獨臥，
感到百無聊賴心靈空漠；
這景象便在腦海中閃現，
多少次安慰(wei)過我的寂寞；
我的心又隨水(shui)仙跳起舞來，
我(wo)的心又(you)重新充(chong)滿了歡樂(le)。
詠水仙 又譯為 我好似一(yi)朵流云獨自漫游
我獨自漫(man)游，像山谷(gu)上空 悠悠飄過的(de)一朵云霓，驀然舉目，我望見一叢 金黃的(de)水(shui)仙(xian)，繽紛茂密；在(zai)湖水(shui)之(zhi)濱，樹蔭之(zhi)下(xia)，正隨風搖曳，舞姿(zi)瀟灑。
連綿(mian)密布(bu)，似繁星(xing)萬點 在銀河上下閃(shan)爍(shuo)明滅，這一片水(shui)仙，沿著湖(hu)灣(wan) 排成延續(xu)無盡的行(xing)列；一眼便瞥見萬多千株，搖顫著花冠，輕盈(ying)飄(piao)舞。
湖面(mian)的漣(lian)漪也迎風起(qi)舞，水仙的歡悅(yue)卻(que)勝似漣(lian)漪；有了這樣(yang)(yang)愉快(kuai)的伴侶，詩(shi)人怎(zen)能不心曠神怡！我凝望多時，卻(que)未曾想到 這美景給了我怎(zen)樣(yang)(yang)的珍寶。
從(cong)此，每(mei)當我倚榻而臥(wo)，或情懷抑郁，或心境茫然，水仙呵，便(bian)在心目中(zhong)閃爍——那是我孤寂時分的樂園；我的心靈便(bian)歡情洋溢，和水仙一道(dao)舞踴不息。
“I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” was written by William Wordsworth, the representative poet of the early romanticism. As a great poet of nature, William Wordsworth was the first to find words for the most elementary sensations of man face to face with natural phenomena. These sensations are universal and old but, once expressed in his poetry, become charmingly beautiful and new. His deep love for nature runs through short lyrics such as “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”
I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud
I wandered lonely as a cloud
That floats on high o’er vales and hills,
When all at once I saw a crowd,
A host, of golden daffodils;
Beside the lake, beneath the trees,
Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.
Continuous as the stars that shine
And twinkle on the milky way,
They stretched in never-ending line
Along the margin of a bay:
Ten thousand saw I at a glance,
Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.
The waves beside them danced; but they
Out-did the sparkling waves in glee:
A poet could not but be gay,
In such a jocund company:
I gazed --- and gazed --- but little thought
What wealth the show to me had brought:
For oft, when on my couch I lie
In vacant or in pensive mood,
They flash upon that inward eye
Which is the bliss of solitude;
And then my heart with pleasure fills,
And dances with the daffodils.
“I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” is a poem about nature. With his pure and poetic language, Wordsworth brings us into a beautiful world where there are daffodils, trees and breeze. We follow the poet at every turn of his feelings. We share his melancholy when he “wandered lonely as a cloud” and his delight the moment his heart “with pleasure fills ”. We come to realize the great power of nature that may influence our life deeply as revealed in the poem.
Edgar Allan Poe once described poetry as “ music… combined with a pleasure idea”. In the poem “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”, the poet also makes great use of the “music ”of the language to achieve sound beauty in addition to convey meaning. He employs masculine rhyme in “a, b, a, b, c, c” pattern to receive emphasis as a musical effect. (e.g. “cloud” (a), “hills” (b), “crowd” (a), “daffodils” (b), “trees” (c), “breeze” (c) in stanza 1). He also achieves musical quality by the management of alliteration (e.g. “That floats on high o’er vales and hills” in line 2 and “Beside the lake, beneath the trees” in line 5) and assonance (e.g. “beneath the trees in line 5” and “ They stretched in never-ending line” in line 9) and consonance (e.g. “ vales and hills” in line 2 ). Besides the repetition of sounds, the poet also makes his poem a strong appeal for us in language that is rhythmical. He arranges his poem in lines of iambic tetrameter in the main with alternation of iambic trimeter.
( e.g. I wandered lonely as a cloud
That floats on high o’er vales and hills
When all at once I saw a crowd
A host, of golden daffodils
Beside the lake, beneath the trees
Fluttering and dancing in the breeze )
He slowed down the tempo in line 4 to keep in accordance with his bated breath the moment he glimpses at a host of golden daffodils thus convey to us the poet’s intoxication in the face of nature. With all these musical devices, Wordsworth secures a songlike effect of his poem in addition to communicate his emotion and meaning.
An old saying goes “There are pictures in poetry and poetry in pictures”. It finds its most eloquent examples in most of the Chinese Tang poems that present the readers with beautiful pictures. In the poem “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”, the poet also seeks to express his emotions by providing the sense impressions he has through imagery. He depicts a picture in which “a host of golden daffodils (visual imagery) fluttering and dancing in the breeze” (kinaesthetic imagery) so vividly that it appeals richly to our senses and to our imagination.
Wordsworth, in the poem, also employs figurative language to evoke not only the visual effect but also the emotional response. (e.g. in line 1, the poet makes a comparison between “I wandered lonely” and “a cloud” by the use of simile, thus convey to us his lonely and melancholy mood with the image of “cloud”. In line 7, he also amplifies the visual effect by the use of another simile “Continuous as the stars that shine…” to evoke our sense of “daffodils” with the image of “stars” twinkling on the milky way which is familiar to us all. He goes further to impress us with the image of countless daffodils with an overstatement in line 9 “They stretched in never-ending line”). Besides, natural things are also endowed with human being’s characters by the poet’s subtle use of personification. (e.g. “Tossing their heads in sprightly dance” “The waves beside them danced”) therefore, as we read the poem, we become aware of the poet’s deep love toward nature through his lovely and vivid description about natural things with his figurative language.
What’s more, Wordsworth goes further to communicate his emotion and meaning by his thoughtful tone. The choose of the word “lonely” in “I wandered lonely as a cloud” instead of other words like carefree, leisure or jolly convey to us the poet’s depression and disconsolateness at the very beginning. But as he catches sight of daffodils stretching as far as the eyes can see and finds himself in the midst of nature, his loneliness turns into relaxation and joy. Thus the shift of the poet’s mood from sadness to happiness manifests the theme --- the great influence of nature upon human being.
這首(shou)詩(shi)寫(xie)于詩(shi)人(ren)從法國(guo)回來(lai)不(bu)久。詩(shi)人(ren)帶著對(dui)自由的(de)(de)(de)向(xiang)往去了法國(guo)，參加一(yi)些革命(ming)活動。但法國(guo)革命(ming)沒有帶來(lai)預期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)結(jie)果，隨之而來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)是混亂。詩(shi)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)失望和受的(de)(de)(de)打擊(ji)是可(ke)想而知的(de)(de)(de)，后(hou)來(lai)在他的(de)(de)(de)朋(peng)友和妹妹的(de)(de)(de)幫(bang)助下，情緒才得(de)以艱(jian)難地恢復。這首(shou)詩(shi)就(jiu)寫(xie)于詩(shi)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)心(xin)情平靜之后(hou)不(bu)久。
在(zai)詩的(de)開頭，詩人將自己比喻為一(yi)朵孤獨(du)的(de)流云，孤單地(di)在(zai)高高的(de)天(tian)空(kong)飄蕩。孤傲(ao)的(de)詩人發現一(yi)大片金色的(de)水(shui)仙(xian)，它們歡(huan)快(kuai)地(di)遍地(di)開放(fang)。在(zai)詩人的(de)心中，水(shui)仙(xian)已經不是一(yi)種(zhong)植物(wu)了，而(er)是一(yi)種(zhong)象征(zheng)，代表了一(yi)種(zhong)靈魂，代表了一(yi)種(zhong)精神。
水(shui)仙(xian)(xian)很(hen)多，如天上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)星星，都在(zai)閃(shan)爍。水(shui)仙(xian)(xian)似乎是(shi)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，沿著彎屈的(de)(de)(de)(de)海岸線向前方(fang)伸展。詩(shi)人(ren)(ren)為有這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)旅(lv)伴(ban)而(er)歡(huan)欣鼓舞(wu)、歡(huan)呼跳躍(yue)。在(zai)詩(shi)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)心(xin)中，水(shui)仙(xian)(xian)代表了自(zi)然(ran)的(de)(de)(de)(de)精華，是(shi)自(zi)然(ran)心(xin)靈的(de)(de)(de)(de)美(mei)妙表現(xian)。但(dan)是(shi)，歡(huan)快的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)仙(xian)(xian)并不能時(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)伴(ban)在(zai)詩(shi)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)身邊，詩(shi)人(ren)(ren)離開了水(shui)仙(xian)(xian)，心(xin)中不時(shi)(shi)冒出憂郁孤寂的(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)緒(xu)。這(zhe)時(shi)(shi)詩(shi)人(ren)(ren)寫(xie)出了一種(zhong)對社會(hui)、世界(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)感受：那(nei)高(gao)傲、純潔的(de)(de)(de)(de)靈魂在(zai)現(xian)實的(de)(de)(de)(de)世界(jie)只能郁郁寡歡(huan)。當(dang)然(ran)，詩(shi)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)腦(nao)海深(shen)處會(hui)不時(shi)(shi)浮現(xian)水(shui)仙(xian)(xian)那(nei)美(mei)妙的(de)(de)(de)(de)景象，這(zhe)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)詩(shi)人(ren)(ren)雙情(qing)緒(xu)振奮，歡(huan)欣鼓舞(wu)。
詩歌的(de)基(ji)調是浪漫的(de)，同時帶(dai)著(zhu)濃烈的(de)象征主義色彩。可以說，詩人的(de)一(yi)生(sheng)只(zhi)在(zai)自然中找到了寄托(tuo)。
歲月靜好 
