生平紀略
于(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)放(fang),原名(ming)于(yu)(yu)(yu)九公,曾(ceng)用名(ming)于(yu)(yu)(yu)樹屏、王文禮。1908年(nian)(nian)(nian)4月(yue)生(sheng)(sheng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)黑(hei)(hei)龍江省呼蘭縣白奎堡(bao)三道(dao)(dao)村(cun),祖(zu)籍(ji)山東(dong)(dong)登州。清(qing)咸豐十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1861年(nian)(nian)(nian))東(dong)(dong)荒開(kai)禁(jin),于(yu)(yu)(yu)家(jia)從山東(dong)(dong)逃荒來東(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei),經過幾(ji)十(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)辛勤經營,在(zai)(zai)(zai)三道(dao)(dao)村(cun)已成(cheng)當地(di)(di)的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個大戶。1925年(nian)(nian)(nian)上海(hai)發生(sheng)(sheng)了“五(wu)卅”慘案。正在(zai)(zai)(zai)黑(hei)(hei)龍江省齊(qi)(qi)齊(qi)(qi)哈爾甲(jia)(jia)(jia)種工業學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)讀書的(de)(de)于(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)放(fang)和(he)同(tong)(tong)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)張(zhang)(zhang)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)洲(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、魏祖(zu)舜找到(dao)(dao)法專、農校(xiao)和(he)一(yi)(yi)(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)串聯(lian),共(gong)同(tong)(tong)組(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)全市(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)等學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)的(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)上街游行示(shi)威(wei),抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)議日本帝(di)國(guo)主義槍(qiang)殺中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)工人的(de)(de)暴(bao)行,聲援上海(hai)工人的(de)(de)反(fan)帝(di)斗爭。1928年(nian)(nian)(nian)秋,于(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)放(fang)以黑(hei)(hei)龍江考(kao)生(sheng)(sheng)第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)名(ming)的(de)(de)成(cheng)績考(kao)入北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)清(qing)華大學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)第(di)(di)四級經濟系。1929年(nian)(nian)(nian)他加入中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)共(gong)產黨(dang)外圍組(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi)反(fan)帝(di)大同(tong)(tong)盟(meng)。1931年(nian)(nian)(nian)5月(yue)經中(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)市(shi)委(wei)代理(li)書記張(zhang)(zhang)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)洲(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)介紹(shao)加入中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)共(gong)產黨(dang)并任(ren)(ren)(ren)清(qing)華支(zhi)部書記。“九·一(yi)(yi)(yi)八”事變后,他參加了北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)大學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)南下向南京國(guo)民(min)政(zheng)府請(qing)愿示(shi)威(wei)的(de)(de)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)日救亡活動。1932年(nian)(nian)(nian)春(chun),他和(he)張(zhang)(zhang)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)洲(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、張(zhang)(zhang)文藻、張(zhang)(zhang)清(qing)林(lin)、鄭炳文、夏尚志等五(wu)名(ming)東(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)籍(ji)大學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)踏(ta)上了“打回(hui)老家(jia)去(qu)”的(de)(de)悲壯路程(cheng)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)滿洲(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)省委(wei)指(zhi)示(shi)下,5月(yue)16日在(zai)(zai)(zai)巴彥(yan)縣七(qi)(qi)馬架子成(cheng)立了打響中(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)武裝抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)日第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)槍(qiang)的(de)(de)“東(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)民(min)眾抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)日義勇(yong)軍(jun)江北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)獨(du)立師(shi)(shi)”(黨(dang)史(shi)、軍(jun)史(shi)稱(cheng)巴彥(yan)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)日游擊隊),張(zhang)(zhang)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)洲(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)任(ren)(ren)(ren)總(zong)指(zhi)揮,于(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)放(fang)任(ren)(ren)(ren)特派員及交通情報站負責人。1933年(nian)(nian)(nian)3月(yue)于(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)放(fang)被滿洲(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)省委(wei)派遣到(dao)(dao)齊(qi)(qi)齊(qi)(qi)哈爾組(zu)(zu)(zu)建滿洲(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)省委(wei)龍江特別支(zhi)部并任(ren)(ren)(ren)書記。1933年(nian)(nian)(nian)10月(yue)起,于(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)放(fang)到(dao)(dao)下江富(fu)(fu)錦(jin),和(he)在(zai)(zai)(zai)當地(di)(di)潛伏(fu)的(de)(de)張(zhang)(zhang)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)洲(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)二人在(zai)(zai)(zai)富(fu)(fu)錦(jin)“野火(huo)春(chun)風(feng)斗古城”,建立中(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)秘(mi)密組(zu)(zu)(zu)織(zhi);策反(fan)富(fu)(fu)錦(jin)頭道(dao)(dao)林(lin)子警察署長李景蔭,帶出87條槍(qiang)投奔抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)聯(lian)獨(du)立師(shi)(shi);為松花江下游各抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)聯(lian)部隊提供軍(jun)事情報及物資(zi)援助。著名(ming)的(de)(de)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)聯(lian)獨(du)立師(shi)(shi)七(qi)(qi)星(xing)砬子兵(bing)工廠的(de)(de)技術繪(hui)圖設備(bei),即(ji)是張(zhang)(zhang)、于(yu)(yu)(yu)通過獨(du)立師(shi)(shi)輸送的(de)(de)。1937年(nian)(nian)(nian)“七(qi)(qi)·七(qi)(qi)”事變,全國(guo)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)戰(zhan)開(kai)始。8月(yue)28日,張(zhang)(zhang)、于(yu)(yu)(yu)二人轉(zhuan)入東(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)聯(lian)獨(du)立師(shi)(shi)(11月(yue)改編為東(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)聯(lian)十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)軍(jun)),途中(zhong)(zhong)張(zhang)(zhang)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)洲(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)不幸犧牲。于(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)放(fang)隨(sui)即(ji)任(ren)(ren)(ren)獨(du)立師(shi)(shi)隨(sui)軍(jun)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)教(jiao)育長、十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)軍(jun)(轄一(yi)(yi)(yi)個師(shi)(shi))一(yi)(yi)(yi)師(shi)(shi)政(zheng)治部主任(ren)(ren)(ren)。1938年(nian)(nian)(nian)11月(yue),于(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)放(fang)隨(sui)李兆麟將軍(jun)指(zhi)揮的(de)(de)由(you)東(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)聯(lian)六軍(jun)教(jiao)導隊與(yu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)軍(jun)一(yi)(yi)(yi)師(shi)(shi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)成(cheng)的(de)(de)第(di)(di)三批(pi)西征部隊,從綏濱薄鴨河遠征至(zhi)海(hai)倫八道(dao)(dao)林(lin)子。西征部隊歷盡險(xian)阻(zu),轉(zhuan)戰(zhan)千里,減員幾(ji)近(jin)三分(fen)之一(yi)(yi)(yi),終于(yu)(yu)(yu)達到(dao)(dao)預(yu)期目的(de)(de),保存了北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)滿抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)聯(lian)的(de)(de)主力部隊和(he)骨干力量(liang),為后來在(zai)(zai)(zai)廣(guang)闊(kuo)的(de)(de)黑(hei)(hei)嫩平(ping)(ping)(ping)原依(yi)托大興安嶺開(kai)展平(ping)(ping)(ping)原游擊戰(zhan)奠定了基礎。
英雄事跡
1939年(nian)(nian)1月(yue),于(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)放(fang)(fang)任(ren)西(xi)征(zheng)后(hou)成(cheng)立(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)聯(lian)“西(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)臨時指(zhi)揮部”第(di)三支(zhi)隊政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)委(wei)。5月(yue)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)聯(lian)第(di)三路(lu)(lu)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(下(xia)轄三、六(liu)、九、十二(er)(er)支(zhi)隊)編成(cheng)后(hou),李(li)兆(zhao)麟(lin)任(ren)總(zong)指(zhi)揮,馮仲云(yun)任(ren)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)委(wei),于(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)放(fang)(fang)任(ren)第(di)六(liu)支(zhi)隊政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)委(wei)。他和王明貴,張(zhang)光迪支(zhi)隊長率(lv)領部隊“于(yu)(yu)每年(nian)(nian)青(qing)紗帳(zhang)起(qi)時,深入龍江廣坦,開展游(you)擊戰(zhan)爭。他們經(jing)常(chang)活動于(yu)(yu)海倫(lun)、北(bei)(bei)(bei)安(an)、綏化、拜(bai)泉、青(qing)岡(gang)、蘭西(xi)各縣,不(bu)辭(ci)雨雪風霜,不(bu)怕槍林(lin)彈(dan)雨,始終(zhong)堅持著(zhu)這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)為(wei)解放(fang)(fang)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)人(ren)(ren)民的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)偉大斗爭”。1941年(nian)(nian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)日(ri)游(you)擊戰(zhan)爭進(jin)入最艱苦的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時期。到日(ri)本偷襲珍珠港前,日(ri)本關東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總(zong)兵力已達(da)31個(ge)(ge)師團,人(ren)(ren)數近85萬,號稱百萬。根據1940年(nian)(nian)3月(yue)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)聯(lian)領導(dao)(dao)人(ren)(ren)與聯(lian)共及(ji)遠東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)國際代表達(da)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《指(zhi)示提綱》,東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)聯(lian)一(yi)、二(er)(er)、三路(lu)(lu)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)逐(zhu)步轉入蘇聯(lian)遠東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)A、B野營(ying)地域,后(hou)組成(cheng)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)日(ri)聯(lian)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)教導(dao)(dao)旅(lv)。1941年(nian)(nian)12月(yue),于(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)放(fang)(fang)率(lv)三路(lu)(lu)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)六(liu)、九、十二(er)(er)支(zhi)隊主力100余(yu)人(ren)(ren)至A野營(ying)整訓。1942年(nian)(nian)2月(yue)12日(ri)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)日(ri)民族英雄趙尚志(zhi)在(zai)(zai)梧桐河呂家菜(cai)園(yuan)子(zi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)敵(di)(di)埋(mai)伏壯烈殉(xun)國。2月(yue)19日(ri),周保中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、李(li)兆(zhao)麟(lin)任(ren)命于(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)放(fang)(fang)為(wei)三路(lu)(lu)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)特派員返回東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)接(jie)替中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共北(bei)(bei)(bei)滿省委(wei)書(shu)記(ji)、三路(lu)(lu)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)委(wei)金策的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)。1944年(nian)(nian)1月(yue),金策率(lv)張(zhang)瑞麟(lin)小(xiao)部隊經(jing)二(er)(er)個(ge)(ge)月(yue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長途跋(ba)涉到達(da)A野營(ying)后(hou),此(ci)時整個(ge)(ge)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)戰(zhan)場(chang)上只(zhi)有(you)于(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)放(fang)(fang)領導(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)聯(lian)三路(lu)(lu)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)留守(shou)部隊孤(gu)懸敵(di)(di)后(hou),在(zai)(zai)同日(ri)偽(wei)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)進(jin)行著(zhu)你(ni)死(si)我(wo)(wo)(wo)活的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)戰(zhan)斗。教導(dao)(dao)旅(lv)命張(zhang)瑞麟(lin)立(li)即(ji)組織六(liu)人(ren)(ren)小(xiao)分隊于(yu)(yu)3月(yue)底(di)回東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)尋(xun)找于(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)放(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)留守(shou)部隊,但因聯(lian)絡失控未果,于(yu)(yu)8月(yue)折(zhe)返蘇聯(lian)。于(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)放(fang)(fang)在(zai)(zai)《牢門脫險記(ji)》一(yi)書(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)寫道:“東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)是(shi)我(wo)(wo)(wo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)家鄉故土,我(wo)(wo)(wo)愛祖國、我(wo)(wo)(wo)愛東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)、我(wo)(wo)(wo)愛家鄉、我(wo)(wo)(wo)也愛樹海無邊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)興安(an)嶺,不(bu)管敵(di)(di)人(ren)(ren)怎樣(yang)兇惡殘暴,抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)日(ri)斗爭的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)怒火是(shi)不(bu)能被壓下(xia)去的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),我(wo)(wo)(wo)決心埋(mai)尸故土,也不(bu)離(li)開東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)一(yi)步!”
1944年12月(yue)19日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)因壞人告密,于(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)放(fang)及部(bu)下孫國(guo)(guo)棟、杜希剛、于(yu)蘭閣(龍光(guang)濤)、劉文祥(xiang)、王(wang)明德(de)在(zai)綏(sui)棱縣上(shang)集鎮宋萬金屯(今天(tian)(tian)(tian)放(fang)村(cun))、綏(sui)化(hua)九井子、長(chang)山小五部(bu)被日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)寇逮捕(bu)。于(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)放(fang)先后被關(guan)押(ya)在(zai)慶安警務(wu)科“留置場”和北(bei)安省警務(wu)廳(ting)特(te)務(wu)分室秘(mi)密監獄。面對(dui)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)寇兇殘的(de)(de)(de)“威迫利誘(you)逼降策”,于(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)放(fang)以其(qi)豐富的(de)(de)(de)對(dui)敵斗爭(zheng)(zheng)經驗,大(da)(da)智大(da)(da)勇、堅(jian)貞不屈(qu)與日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)冠進行了殊死的(de)(de)(de)較量。終于(yu)1945年7月(yue)12日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)同另(ling)一名抗聯(lian)戰士(shi)趙(zhao)忠良(liang)打死日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)本看守特(te)務(wu)石丸兼(jian)政成功(gong)越獄,并在(zai)人民群眾掩(yan)護下脫(tuo)險。“滿(man)洲國(guo)(guo)”報紙驚呼:“于(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)放(fang)逃跑,滿(man)洲國(guo)(guo)失去一大(da)(da)半”。日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)寇出百(bai)萬元懸賞(shang),還組織了瘋狂(kuang)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)追捕(bu),逼迫數(shu)十萬中國(guo)(guo)老百(bai)姓(xing)“拉(la)大(da)(da)網”搜尋。這(zhe)是日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)寇在(zai)“八(ba)·一五”前夕對(dui)東北(bei)抗聯(lian)最(zui)大(da)(da)規模的(de)(de)(de)軍事政治(zhi)行動。對(dui)于(yu)同日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)寇面對(dui)面的(de)(de)(de)斗爭(zheng)(zheng),于(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)放(fang)早有思想(xiang)和心(xin)理上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)準備,1940年2月(yue),在(zai)給三路(lu)軍總指揮部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)信中,于(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)放(fang)寫道:“天(tian)(tian)(tian)放(fang)是革命者(zhe),我已犧牲了自(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)一切一切,為了爭(zheng)(zheng)取民族解放(fang)的(de)(de)(de)最(zui)后勝利,為了中華祖國(guo)(guo)獨(du)立、自(zi)由而流盡最(zui)后一滴血,任何困(kun)難是能夠克服(fu)的(de)(de)(de)……”