崇明島(dao)是長江(jiang)三角洲的沖(chong)積(ji)(ji)島(dao)嶼(yu),中國第三大島(dao)嶼(yu),面(mian)積(ji)(ji)1200.68平方(fang)公里,人口(kou)約82.15萬,島(dao)上地勢(shi)平坦、土地肥沃、自然環境優美,適合(he)修身養性,崇明島(dao)持續受到長江(jiang)泥沙堆(dui)積(ji)(ji),每年增加5平方(fang)公里土地,預(yu)計在50年后(hou)和北邊陸地接壤。
崇明島(dao)大部分(fen)屬(shu)于上海市,島(dao)上的(de)行政區大部分(fen)是(shi)崇明區,小部分(fen)是(shi)江蘇省的(de)啟隆鎮和海永(yong)鎮。
地處長(chang)(chang)江口(kou)(kou),是中國(guo)第三大(da)島,被(bei)譽為“長(chang)(chang)江門(men)戶、東海瀛(ying)洲”,是中國(guo)最(zui)(zui)大(da)的河口(kou)(kou)沖積島,中國(guo)最(zui)(zui)大(da)的沙(sha)島。崇明島成陸已(yi)有1300多年歷史(shi),現有面(mian)積為1267㎞2,海拔(ba)3.5~4.5米(mi)。全島地勢平坦,土地肥沃,林木茂盛,物產富饒,是有名的魚米(mi)之鄉(xiang)。且該(gai)島因為各種(zhong)地理因素,面(mian)積每年增長(chang)(chang)約5㎞2。
崇明(ming)島(dao)大部(bu)屬上海市(shi)崇明(ming)區,小部(bu)分屬于江(jiang)蘇省(sheng)南通啟東(dong)市(shi)啟隆鎮和南通海門(men)區海永鎮,位(wei)于崇明(ming)島(dao)北端。
東平(ping)國(guo)家(jia)森林公(gong)園(yuan)位于中國(guo)第三大(da)島崇明島,總面積(ji)為5400畝,是目前華東地(di)區(qu)最大(da)的(de)平(ping)原人(ren)工(gong)森林,上海(hai)著名旅(lv)(lv)游(you)勝(sheng)地(di),國(guo)家(jia)4A級旅(lv)(lv)游(you)景區(qu),全國(guo)農業旅(lv)(lv)游(you)示范點。
東(dong)灘(tan)候鳥保護(hu)區位于崇明島東(dong)部,南起(qi)團結沙水(shui)閘,北(bei)(bei)至北(bei)(bei)八效港,西以1968年(nian)建(jian)成(cheng)的(de)圍(wei)堤為界,東(dong)到(dao)吳(wu)淞高(gao)程零(ling)米線(xian)外側3000米,是長江口野生動物資源基(ji)地,總面積326.2平方公(gong)里(li)。2005年(nian)8月9日,崇明東(dong)灘(tan)鳥類生活區域經國(guo)務院批準列為國(guo)家級(ji)自然(ran)保護(hu)區。
小貼(tie)士:東灘觀(guan)鳥后(hou)可回到(dao)陳家鎮(zhen),找一家樸素而潔(jie)凈(jing)的飯(fan)館。要上一盤(pan)大閘蟹,幾樣海(hai)鮮(xian)(xian),大快朵頤一番。陳家鎮(zhen)是崇明(ming)最大蟹市,也是中國最大的蟹市,上海(hai)的蟹大部分來自陳家鎮(zhen)。這里稀有的海(hai)鮮(xian)(xian)較多,而且價(jia)格比別處都便宜。
崇明西沙濕地總面積(ji)為4500畝,是上海具有自(zi)然潮汐(xi)現(xian)象和成片灘涂(tu)林地的自(zi)然濕地。濕地管理(li)方為了讓游(you)客(ke)更接近(jin)大(da)自(zi)然,已經在(zai)濕地里(li)建(jian)起一條2公里(li)長(chang)的木棧(zhan)橋,游(you)客(ke)們可通(tong)過棧(zhan)橋徜徉于蘆葦和叢(cong)林之中。
足(zu)球明星的搖(yao)籃(lan)走向世界(jie)的希望(wang),徐根寶足(zu)球基地(di)位于崇明東平國家(jia)森林公園南首,由著名(ming)國家(jia)級足(zu)球教練徐根寶發起組建,總(zong)占地(di)面積70余(yu)畝。
前衛生態(tai)村(cun)位于崇明島中(zhong)北(bei)部,于1969年從一片灘涂中(zhong)圍墾(ken)而成,總面積3671畝,人(ren)口(kou)753人(ren),已形(xing)成集農、工、副、商、游(you)全面發展的生態(tai)村(cun),投資規模達1.2億(yi)元。
崇(chong)明(ming)南門港江(jiang)堤上綠樹成蔭,可觀(guan)賞(shang)南岸遠(yuan)景和長江(jiang)漲潮退潮,風景獨特、秀麗(li)。利(li)用這一地理優(you)勢,借助(zhu)沿江(jiang)水利(li)防汛工程,崇(chong)明(ming)區于2000年建設完成了沿江(jiang)觀(guan)光大堤工程。
南(nan)門廣場(chang)位于亞通公司南(nan)門港碼(ma)頭區域(yu)內,占地5.5萬平方米(mi),綠(lv)地面(mian)積3萬余(yu)平方米(mi)。廣場(chang)內建有兩座小亭和彩燈噴泉,彩石小路(lu)曲徑通幽,點(dian)綴于綠(lv)坪之間的樹木錯落有致、別有情趣。
瀛洲公園建于1983年,1984年定名(ming)瀛洲公園,由周谷(gu)城題寫園名(ming)。公園西南(nan)瀕長(chang)江,北與(yu)瀛洲廣場(chang)與(yu)學(xue)宮(孔廟)、博物館隔路相望,是(shi)崇明唯一(yi)一(yi)座綜合性公園。
唐(tang)一岑,廣西臨(lin)桂縣人。明嘉靖(jing)三十二年(公元1553年)以舉(ju)人薦任崇明縣令,忠愛為(wei)政。時值(zhi)縣治新遷,土城剛(gang)筑就(jiu)遭倭(wo)寇犯境,唐(tang)率軍民奮起抵抗,擊退(tui)來敵(di)。
上海市(shi)少兒東平(ping)森林活動營地(di)位(wei)于東平(ping)國家(jia)森林公園內,是(shi)一個(ge)由市(shi)教委(wei)、市(shi)婦(fu)聯、崇(chong)明區教育(yu)局(ju)等單(dan)位(wei)共同(tong)籌建的上海市(shi)第三校外教育(yu)營地(di)。
明珠湖地處崇明島西(xi)部(bu)綠華鎮境(jing)內(nei),是目(mu)前島上最大(da)的天然(ran)內(nei)陸湖,也是崇明區計劃開發的西(xi)部(bu)水上游樂度假(jia)區和西(xi)部(bu)生態農業(ye)觀光旅游區的主要區域。
崇明博物館是崇明島內(nei)一處(chu)重(zhong)要的人文旅游景點和愛(ai)國主義教育場所,位于城橋鎮鰲山路696號崇明學宮內(nei),占地面(mian)積1.55公頃。
澹園是崇明唯一仿古園林佳景,有寶島明珠微型公園之稱。園外封閉圍墻,飛檐群瓦,朱汀金猷銅環。東西兩側的(de)豐樂樓,重(zhong)檐八角,一派古風。
公園內有金鰲(ao)山(shan),是(shi)崇明的名勝(sheng)。金鰲(ao)山(shan)山(shan)體(ti)由人工壘(lei)土而成,筑于宋代,名字取于宋高宗趙構在(zai)臺州逃(tao)難時(shi)行(xing)在(zai)的金鰲(ao)山(shan)。為當(dang)時(shi)的航(hang)海標志,此山(shan)山(shan)體(ti)早已坍沒(mei)。
壽(shou)(shou)安(an)寺(si)(si)始(shi)建(jian)(jian)于宋朝淳祐(you)二年,即公元1252年,距今已有700多年歷史(shi),是崇明島歷史(shi)最悠(you)久、歷經朝代(dai)最多的古剎。壽(shou)(shou)安(an)寺(si)(si)最初(chu)由(you)僧(seng)人模和儔建(jian)(jian)造,名為"富安(an)寺(si)(si)"。元朝延祐(you)五年,朝廷賜寺(si)(si)額(e)"永福壽(shou)(shou)安(an)寺(si)(si)"。
廣福寺(si)建于清咸豐年間,前(qian)身為"武圣殿",原址汲(ji)浜鎮(zhen)北。1921年,了道大(da)師駐(zhu)錫于此,更為現名,專(zhuan)宏凈土。1946年,廣福寺(si)南遷(qian)中興鎮(zhen),其弟子葉承大(da)師,繼承住持,教宗天臺,行歸凈土。
崇明(ming)寒(han)(han)山寺與蘇(su)州(zhou)寒(han)(han)山寺除了在寺名和供奉上(shang)相(xiang)同外,相(xiang)傳它們的鐘聲有"瀛洲東門寒(han)(han)山寺,夜(ye)半鐘聲迎客船"和"姑(gu)蘇(su)城(cheng)外寒(han)(han)山寺,夜(ye)半鐘聲到客船"爭(zheng)相(xiang)媲美的詩句。
崇(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)學宮是(shi)現(xian)(xian)今(jin)(jin)上(shang)海(hai)僅存的(de)(de)(de)三(san)座(zuo)學宮之(zhi)一。現(xian)(xian)址又稱崇(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)博(bo)物(wu)館,為市級文(wen)物(wu)保護(hu)單位。出(chu)崇(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)南門(men)碼(ma)頭,僅走二(er)三(san)百(bai)米,便能望(wang)見學宮那層層疊疊的(de)(de)(de)古(gu)建(jian)(jian)筑群。二(er)座(zuo)石(shi)柱牌樓古(gu)樸沉穩,上(shang)書“德配(pei)天地(di)(di),道(dao)冠古(gu)今(jin)(jin)”。門(men)前(qian)是(shi)二(er)株有(you)350年歷(li)(li)史(shi)、三(san)人合抱的(de)(de)(de)銀杏(xing)樹(shu),守門(men)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)一對大(da)(da)(da)石(shi)獅,氣(qi)勢恢宏。學宮最(zui)大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑是(shi)大(da)(da)(da)成(cheng)殿(dian),仿(fang)佛寺(si)廟中的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)雄寶殿(dian)。這是(shi)祭祀孔子的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)方,東廡西廡是(shi)72高徒的(de)(de)(de)宿舍。而今(jin)(jin)大(da)(da)(da)成(cheng)殿(dian)暫作(zuo)古(gu)船陳(chen)列室,大(da)(da)(da)成(cheng)殿(dian)東廡主要是(shi)崇(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)知名人士的(de)(de)(de)照片和(he)(he)事(shi)跡,還有(you)一些崇(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)出(chu)土的(de)(de)(de)古(gu)代器物(wu)。西廡是(shi)黃丕漠藝術館。大(da)(da)(da)成(cheng)殿(dian)后的(de)(de)(de)兩幢(chuang)建(jian)(jian)筑是(shi)崇(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)民俗(su)(su)陳(chen)列館。另建(jian)(jian)有(you)萬仞宮墻、欞星門(men)、登(deng)云橋(qiao)、戟(ji)門(men)、名宦祠(ci)、崇(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)圣(sheng)祠(ci)、尊經閣等,為上(shang)海(hai)地(di)(di)區保存完(wan)好的(de)(de)(de)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)代建(jian)(jian)筑,門(men)前(qian)5株18米左右高的(de)(de)(de)銀杏(xing)樹(shu)已有(you)377年的(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)齡,與樹(shu)下2座(zuo)結構(gou)奇特(te),蔚為壯(zhuang)觀的(de)(de)(de)石(shi)木牌坊相互呼應(ying),營造出(chu)一片濃郁的(de)(de)(de)古(gu)意,使人頓生一股“念天地(di)(di)之(zhi)悠悠”的(de)(de)(de)蒼然(ran)(ran)之(zhi)感。博(bo)物(wu)館內列有(you)“崇(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)島的(de)(de)(de)形成(cheng)與發展”、“館藏文(wen)物(wu)”、“自然(ran)(ran)博(bo)物(wu)”三(san)個展覽,較為系(xi)統(tong)地(di)(di)介(jie)紹了崇(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)悠久歷(li)(li)史(shi)和(he)(he)文(wen)化(hua)遺產,學宮中最(zui)有(you)特(te)色的(de)(de)(de)當數古(gu)船陳(chen)列室和(he)(he)崇(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)民俗(su)(su)陳(chen)列館這兩處地(di)(di)方。
上海崇明島(dao)地處長江口,是中國(guo)第(di)三大島(dao)。上海崇明島(dao)地處北(bei)(bei)亞(ya)熱帶(dai),氣候溫和濕潤,四季(ji)(ji)分明,夏(xia)季(ji)(ji)濕熱,盛(sheng)行東南風,冬季(ji)(ji)干冷,盛(sheng)行偏北(bei)(bei)風,屬典型的(de)季(ji)(ji)風氣候(亞(ya)熱帶(dai)季(ji)(ji)風氣候)。臺風、暴雨、梅雨,干旱等是常見(jian)的(de)災害性氣候。
崇(chong)明區1958~1984年(nian)(nian),年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)為(wei)15.3℃,最(zui)(zui)高年(nian)(nian)(1961年(nian)(nian))為(wei)16.2℃,最(zui)(zui)低(di)(di)年(nian)(nian)(1980年(nian)(nian))為(wei)14.6℃。月(yue)平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)以(yi)1月(yue)的2.8℃為(wei)最(zui)(zui)低(di)(di),以(yi)7月(yue)的27.5℃為(wei)最(zui)(zui)高。日極端最(zui)(zui)低(di)(di)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)為(wei)-10.5℃(1958年(nian)(nian)1月(yue)16日),日極端最(zui)(zui)高氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)為(wei)37.3℃(1978年(nian)(nian)7月(yue)4日)。島的東、西(xi)部(bu)(bu)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)略有差異,東部(bu)(bu)年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度高于西(xi)部(bu)(bu),而年(nian)(nian)較(jiao)差則低(di)(di)于西(xi)部(bu)(bu)。東部(bu)(bu)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)變化較(jiao)平(ping)穩,春季氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)回升遲于西(xi)部(bu)(bu),秋季氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)下降則比西(xi)部(bu)(bu)稍慢。
1958~1984年(nian)(nian),崇明(ming)區年(nian)(nian)平均降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)1003.7毫(hao)米(mi)(mi),但年(nian)(nian)際間變化(hua)很大(da)(da),季節性變化(hua)也(ye)較明(ming)顯。降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)多的(de)(de)(de)1977年(nian)(nian),年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)達1480.5毫(hao)米(mi)(mi),而降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)少的(de)(de)(de)1978年(nian)(nian),年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)僅606.1毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)。全年(nian)(nian)總雨(yu)日(ri)(日(ri)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)≥0.1毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)),最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)多年(nian)(nian)為(wei)150天,最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)少年(nian)(nian)為(wei)99天,降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)主要集(ji)中在4~9月(yue)份,平均每(mei)月(yue)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)都在100毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)以上(102.8~140.0毫(hao)米(mi)(mi))。這6個月(yue)的(de)(de)(de)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)707.3毫(hao)米(mi)(mi),占(zhan)全年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)70.7%;總雨(yu)日(ri)平均為(wei)75.1天,占(zhan)全年(nian)(nian)總雨(yu)日(ri)的(de)(de)(de)57.8%。4月(yue)雨(yu)日(ri)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)多,12月(yue)雨(yu)日(ri)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)少;雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)6月(yue),雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)1月(yue)。
1958~1984年(nian)(nian),崇明區(qu)全(quan)年(nian)(nian)平均日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)數為(wei)2104.0小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)百分率為(wei)47%。2月日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)數最(zui)少(shao),為(wei)131.1小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。4月、5月、9月、10月日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)條件(jian)也較差(cha)。8月日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)數最(zui)多,為(wei)254.1小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)年(nian)(nian)際變化較大,最(zui)多年(nian)(nian)為(wei)2408.2小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),最(zui)少(shao)年(nian)(nian)為(wei)1817.2小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。全(quan)年(nian)(nian)太(tai)陽(yang)總輻射量為(wei)每平方厘米115.32千(qian)卡(ka),最(zui)多年(nian)(nian)、最(zui)少(shao)年(nian)(nian)分別為(wei)125.37千(qian)卡(ka)、104.67千(qian)卡(ka)。
初霜期平(ping)均為(wei)11月4日(ri),終霜期平(ping)均為(wei)3月29日(ri),全年有霜期136天(tian),無霜期229天(tian)。
崇明(ming)區11月(yue)至2月(yue)多(duo)北風和西北風,3月(yue)至8月(yue)盛行東(dong)南(nan)風,9月(yue)、10月(yue)常吹北風和東(dong)北風。
春(chun)(chun)季一(yi)般持續73.4天,候平均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫在(zai)10℃~22℃。在(zai)冷(leng)暖空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)交替影響下,氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫回升緩慢且呈跳(tiao)躍(yue)式,4至(zhi)6天就有一(yi)次冷(leng)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)過程(cheng),冷(leng)暖變化較大,多陰雨(yu),氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫日較差,一(yi)般在(zai)9℃左右(you)。春(chun)(chun)暖年,4月中旬最(zui)高氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫可升至(zhi)29℃,春(chun)(chun)寒年,最(zui)低(di)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫則可降到3℃,并有晚(wan)霜(shuang)出(chu)現。
夏季一(yi)般從(cong)6月(yue)17日至(zhi)9月(yue)19日,持續(xu)94.7天,候平均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫高(gao)于22℃。6月(yue)中下旬(xun)進入(ru)梅(mei)雨季節(jie),梅(mei)雨期(qi)平均(jun)25.2天,常年(nian)梅(mei)雨量(liang)197.4毫米。7月(yue)上(shang)旬(xun),梅(mei)雨結束,進入(ru)盛夏,天氣(qi)(qi)炎熱,最高(gao)氣(qi)(qi)溫在(zai)35℃以上(shang)的天數歷年(nian)平均(jun)有3.4天。多晴好天氣(qi)(qi),日照充足,蒸發(fa)量(liang)大,常有伏旱發(fa)生。
秋(qiu)季一(yi)般持續63.4天,候平均氣溫在10℃~22℃。氣溫逐漸(jian)下(xia)降(jiang),9月下(xia)旬平均氣溫可降(jiang)到19℃以下(xia),多數年份11月降(jiang)水較少,往往發生秋(qiu)旱,但也有近1年份陰雨集中。
冬(dong)(dong)季(ji)一般從(cong)11月22日開始,到次年(nian)4月4日結束,持續133.7天,候平均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)在(zai)10℃以(yi)下,是(shi)一年(nian)中最(zui)長、最(zui)干燥的季(ji)節。1月上(shang)旬(xun)(xun)至2月上(shang)旬(xun)(xun)的旬(xun)(xun)平均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)在(zai)3℃左右。冬(dong)(dong)季(ji)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)年(nian)際變化較大,暖冬(dong)(dong)年(nian)與冷冬(dong)(dong)年(nian)的旬(xun)(xun)平均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)可相差8℃以(yi)上(shang)。最(zui)低(di)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)一般為-6℃~-7℃,極端最(zui)低(di)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)為-10.5℃,最(zui)低(di)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)在(zai)-5℃以(yi)下的日數平均(jun)為5.5天。整個冬(dong)(dong)季(ji)是(shi)全年(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)最(zui)少的時(shi)期,下雪天數不多,平均(jun)為6.7天。
春季連(lian)(lian)陰(yin)雨(yu),主要發生(sheng)在3至(zhi)5月。1958至(zhi)1984年,出現連(lian)(lian)續7天(tian)(tian)以上連(lian)(lian)陰(yin)雨(yu)過(guo)程共有(you)(you)32次,平(ping)均(jun)(jun)每(mei)年1.2次,連(lian)(lian)陰(yin)雨(yu)l0天(tian)(tian)以上的(de)有(you)(you)13次,平(ping)均(jun)(jun)每(mei)年0.54次。春季連(lian)(lian)陰(yin)雨(yu)往往影響棉花適時播種,造(zao)成早稻爛秧和(he)三麥赤(chi)霉病(bing)、油(you)菜菌(jun)核病(bing)的(de)流行。
初(chu)夏連(lian)陰雨,主要發生在梅(mei)雨期。1958~1984年平均入梅(mei)期為6月(yue)16日,平均梅(mei)期25.2天,最短5天,最長57天;平均梅(mei)雨量197.4毫(hao)米,最少61毫(hao)米,最多538.2毫(hao)米。
崇明區(qu)入梅(mei)(mei)(mei)早(6月(yue)(yue)10日(ri)(ri)前(qian)),梅(mei)(mei)(mei)期長(chang)(chang),梅(mei)(mei)(mei)雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)大(雨(yu)日(ri)(ri)30天(tian)以上(shang),雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)250毫米(mi)(mi)以上(shang))。1974、1978、1980年(nian)(nian)三年(nian)(nian)的入梅(mei)(mei)(mei)期分(fen)別在5月(yue)(yue)18日(ri)(ri)、5月(yue)(yue)27日(ri)(ri)、6月(yue)(yue)10日(ri)(ri),造成麥、油菜籽均(jun)發芽(ya)、霉爛,損失嚴(yan)重。1974年(nian)(nian),梅(mei)(mei)(mei)雨(yu)期長(chang)(chang)達(da)75天(tian),雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)多(duo)達(da)538.2毫米(mi)(mi),這一年(nian)(nian)早稻(dao)空(kong)癟率達(da)30.2%,為歷史最(zui)(zui)高(gao)。1977、1980年(nian)(nian),梅(mei)(mei)(mei)雨(yu)期分(fen)別為57天(tian)、40天(tian),梅(mei)(mei)(mei)雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)分(fen)別為247.5毫米(mi)(mi)、270.6毫米(mi)(mi),早稻(dao)均(jun)減產(chan)。1960、1962、1974、1976、1977、1980、1981年(nian)(nian)七年(nian)(nian)為棉花低(di)產(chan)年(nian)(nian),平(ping)均(jun)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)256.5毫米(mi)(mi),最(zui)(zui)多(duo)322.6毫米(mi)(mi),最(zui)(zui)少203.1毫米(mi)(mi)。
秋(qiu)(qiu)季連陰(yin)(yin)雨(yu)(yu),分9月(yue)和10月(yue)下(xia)旬至11月(yue)中旬兩個(ge)階段。9月(yue)總(zong)雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)大(da)于(yu)140毫米(mi),雨(yu)(yu)日13天以(yi)上,即會(hui)增加棉(mian)花(hua)爛(lan)鈴,降低產量(liang)、品質(zhi)。出(chu)現機率為33%。10月(yue)下(xia)旬至11月(yue)中旬,連續兩旬總(zong)雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)大(da)于(yu)60毫米(mi),則使秋(qiu)(qiu)播季節推遲,質(zhi)量(liang)降低。出(chu)現機率為33%。1961、1963、1967、1972、1981等年崇明(ming)區(qu)均發生秋(qiu)(qiu)季連陰(yin)(yin)雨(yu)(yu)。
春季低(di)溫(wen)即春寒,1958年(nian)(nian)至1984年(nian)(nian)間,4月20日后出現連續(xu)3天(tian)平均氣溫(wen)低(di)于(yu)12℃的明顯低(di)溫(wen)冷(leng)害(hai)(hai)的有5年(nian)(nian),受害(hai)(hai)機率為20.8%。春寒造成早稻爛秧死(si)苗,影響夏熟(shu)作物正常生長發育。
初夏低溫,主(zhu)要發生在6月(yue)下半月(yue)梅雨季節(jie)前期,1958至(zhi)1981年(nian),這(zhe)種天氣共出(chu)現(xian)過4年(nian),機(ji)率為(wei)16.7%。
秋季低(di)溫(wen),1958至(zhi)1984年(nian),9月(yue)最低(di)氣溫(wen)在15.4℃以下的有22年(nian),低(di)溫(wen)開始日(ri)(ri)在9月(yue)20日(ri)(ri)前(qian)(qian)的有4年(nian),在9月(yue)18日(ri)(ri)前(qian)(qian)的僅1年(nian)。
干旱(han),有伏旱(han)和(he)秋旱(han),盛夏久晴無雨(yu)造成伏旱(han),1958至1984年(nian),連續30天以(yi)上不下(xia)透雨(yu)的有11年(nian)。
臺(tai)(tai)風,夏秋兩季(ji)受(shou)臺(tai)(tai)風影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)最(zui)為頻繁(fan)。臺(tai)(tai)風侵(qin)襲時,常伴有(you)暴雨。1949至1984年(nian),影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)崇明區的臺(tai)(tai)風共(gong)51次,平均每(mei)年(nian)1.5次,風力達八級以上的有(you)21次,多發生在7月(yue)下(xia)旬(xun)至9月(yue)下(xia)旬(xun)。
暴(bao)雨,多(duo)在夏(xia)秋發生,24小時內降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)一般在50毫(hao)(hao)米以上。1958至1984年,計降(jiang)暴(bao)雨58次,平均每年2.1次,6月(yue)和9月(yue)的(de)(de)次數最多(duo)。東部的(de)(de)暴(bao)雨次數和暴(bao)雨量(liang)均多(duo)于西(xi)部。日(ri)降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)超(chao)過(guo)100毫(hao)(hao)米的(de)(de)大暴(bao)雨共有(you)6次,其中超(chao)過(guo)200毫(hao)(hao)米的(de)(de)有(you)1960年8月(yue)4日(ri)和1976年7月(yue)2日(ri)兩次,第二次的(de)(de)日(ri)降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)竟達211.1毫(hao)(hao)米。夏(xia)季暴(bao)雨常引(yin)起內澇,致使農田受淹(yan),作(zuo)物減產。
公元(yuan)618~626年(nian)(nian)(nian)(唐武(wu)德年(nian)(nian)(nian)間),在東(dong)布洲(zhou)(zhou)(今呂四(si)一帶)南(nan)面水中漲出兩個沙(sha)洲(zhou)(zhou)。兩洲(zhou)(zhou)隔(ge)水70余里,時名(ming)(ming)東(dong)沙(sha)、西(xi)沙(sha)(又名(ming)(ming)顧(gu)俊沙(sha)),這就是島的前(qian)身。1025年(nian)(nian)(nian)(宋(song)天圣三年(nian)(nian)(nian)),于東(dong)沙(sha)西(xi)北(bei)續漲姚劉沙(sha)(因姚、劉兩姓先(xian)居(ju)而(er)得(de)名(ming)(ming)),并與(yu)東(dong)沙(sha)接壤(rang)。1101年(nian)(nian)(nian)(宋(song)建中靖國元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)),姚劉沙(sha)西(xi)北(bei)隔(ge)水50里處漲出三沙(sha)(因三次疊漲而(er)成(cheng),故名(ming)(ming);又說因句容(rong)朱、陳、張三姓先(xian)居(ju)而(er)得(de)名(ming)(ming))!
1271~1368年(nian)(nian)(元(yuan)朝),先(xian)后(hou)(hou)漲(zhang)出(chu)營前沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、馬(ma)馱沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、張蒲沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)等(deng)10余(yu)(yu)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)。元(yuan)末(mo)(mo)明(ming)(ming)(ming)初(chu),東(dong)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)坍(tan)(tan)沒,西(xi)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)坍(tan)(tan)存無幾(ji),三(san)(san)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)北漲(zhang),姚劉沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)南(nan)坍(tan)(tan)北漲(zhang),漸與三(san)(san)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)連壤(rang)。1399~1644年(nian)(nian)(明(ming)(ming)(ming)建文(wen)初(chu)年(nian)(nian)至明(ming)(ming)(ming)末(mo)(mo))先(xian)后(hou)(hou)漲(zhang)出(chu)馬(ma)鞍(an)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、陳恩沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、高明(ming)(ming)(ming)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、小陰沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、長沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、袁家沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、響沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、高頭沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)等(deng)30余(yu)(yu)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)。1522~1722年(nian)(nian)(明(ming)(ming)(ming)嘉(jia)靖初(chu)年(nian)(nian)至清康(kang)熙末(mo)(mo)年(nian)(nian)),諸沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)漲(zhang)坍(tan)(tan)頻繁。姚劉沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)與三(san)(san)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)坍(tan)(tan)沒,西(xi)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、陳恩沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、樊濂沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)等(deng)先(xian)后(hou)(hou)陷于(yu)水,平(ping)洋沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)先(xian)大漲(zhang)而后(hou)(hou)大坍(tan)(tan),而長沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)卻與坍(tan)(tan)存之平(ping)洋沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)和周圍的袁家沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、吳家沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、響沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、南(nan)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)諸沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)漲(zhang)連成片。1644年(nian)(nian)左右(明(ming)(ming)(ming)末(mo)(mo)清初(chu)),崇明(ming)(ming)(ming)島在漲(zhang)中連成東(dong)起高頭沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、西(xi)至平(ping)洋沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha),長200里、寬40里的一個大島!
1644~1722年(清(qing)順治(zhi)、康熙年間),又漲出日隆沙、永(yong)安沙、平安沙、東(dong)三沙等(deng)30余沙!
清(qing)末,全(quan)島上已有長沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、響沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、吳(wu)家(jia)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、新灶(zao)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、日(ri)興沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、日(ri)旺(wang)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、永(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)豐(feng)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、永(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)隆沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、永(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)福沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、沈阜(fu)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、終(zhong)興秒、仙景沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、永(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)寧(ning)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、龍珠沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、洪(hong)勛沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、永(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)盛沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、利民沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、箔沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、高頭沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、七滧小陰沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、向陽(yang)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、永(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)壽沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、東旺(wang)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、小團沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、爛(lan)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、孫家(jia)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、東大阜(fu)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、長安(an)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、協安(an)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、袁(yuan)家(jia)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、太平日(ri)隆沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、永(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)安(an)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、脅里沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、永(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)慶沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、新鎮沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、定(ding)(ding)(ding)成沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、保定(ding)(ding)(ding)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、平安(an)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、日(ri)升(sheng)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、南沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、滿洋沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、長興沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、協興沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、北(bei)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、永(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)旺(wang)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、楊家(jia)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、惠安(an)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、永(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)興沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、日(ri)盈沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、連珠沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、西(xi)慶升(sheng)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、南連升(sheng)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、北(bei)連升(sheng)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、永(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)泰沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、永(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)昌沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、協旺(wang)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、固安(an)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、合隆沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、定(ding)(ding)(ding)安(an)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、永(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)定(ding)(ding)(ding)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)等60處。