新湖公園(yuan)位于(yu)廣東省茂名市(shi)區人民北路,1987年(nian)建成,公園(yuan)面(mian)(mian)積為(wei)22.26公頃(qing),其中水面(mian)(mian)積10.13公頃(qing);建筑(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積只有0.28公頃(qing),僅占總面(mian)(mian)積的1.3%。
公園(yuan)內分三個(ge)功能(neng)區(qu)(qu)。北(bei)區(qu)(qu)是(shi)安靜休息區(qu)(qu),有(you)(you)大(da)片綠地,樹木(mu)成林,植物(wu)品種豐(feng)富。東(dong)區(qu)(qu)是(shi)景(jing)觀區(qu)(qu),有(you)(you)大(da)型假山水池和大(da)型雕塑。另一(yi)個(ge)是(shi)湖區(qu)(qu),湖中(zhong)有(you)(you)兩島(dao),一(yi)為北(bei)島(dao),一(yi)為浮(fu)丘。浮(fu)丘上(shang)建園(yuan)中(zhong)園(yuan)“探勝”,以(yi)多種形(xing)式(shi)的園(yuan)林小品和豐(feng)富的植物(wu)品種構成高(gao)雅幽靜的環境。新湖公園(yuan)是(shi)茂名市市民常(chang)去游(you)玩、休閑(xian)的好地方。
新(xin)湖(hu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)在園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)景(jing)(jing)創作手(shou)法上,在繼承(cheng)傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)上逐步(bu)有(you)所創新(xin)。在許多方面努力(li)實現(xian)社會(hui)主(zhu)義的(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)代(dai)游憩生活內容(rong)與(yu)民族化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林藝(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)形(xing)式相統(tong)(tong)一(yi)。就(jiu)山(shan)水創作而言,中國自(zi)然(ran)山(shan)水園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)藝(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)得(de)到了(le)發揚(yang)。絕大多數新(xin)建(jian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)都采取(qu)自(zi)然(ran)山(shan)水園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)式,構景(jing)(jing)主(zhu)體(ti)是(shi)山(shan)水,因(yin)山(shan)就(jiu)水布置(zhi)亭榭堂(tang)屋、花(hua)草(cao)樹木,例(li)(li)如西安興慶公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(圖(tu)2)和(he)(he)上海(hai)長風(feng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。就(jiu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)造景(jing)(jing)而言,對(dui)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)題材的(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)用(yong),如同對(dui)山(shan)水的(de)(de)(de)(de)處理(li)一(yi)樣,首先(xian)通過對(dui)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)形(xing)態(tai)和(he)(he)生態(tai)習性的(de)(de)(de)(de)認識所激(ji)發的(de)(de)(de)(de)情感來(lai)表現(xian)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)個性特征,其次是(shi)注(zhu)意種植(zhi)(zhi)位(wei)置(zhi)。西方園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林中的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)些(xie)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)造景(jing)(jing)手(shou)法(如大面積(ji)緩坡草(cao)坪)也(ye)得(de)到運(yun)用(yong),例(li)(li)如杭(hang)州(zhou)花(hua)港觀魚公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和(he)(he)南京藥物(wu)(wu)花(hua)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(見彩(cai)圖(tu))。就(jiu)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林建(jian)筑而言,力(li)求(qiu)把建(jian)筑與(yu)自(zi)然(ran)融(rong)為一(yi)體(ti),注(zhu)意建(jian)筑類型與(yu)山(shan)水環境(jing)之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)機統(tong)(tong)一(yi),并主(zhu)要采取(qu)了(le)民族形(xing)式,在空間構圖(tu)、比例(li)(li)尺(chi)度和(he)(he)結構工藝(yi)(yi)上,也(ye)引用(yong)了(le)現(xian)代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑藝(yi)(yi)術(shu)(shu)手(shou)法、材料和(he)(he)施工技(ji)術(shu)(shu),出現(xian)了(le)大批(pi)神(shen)似傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)形(xing)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)代(dai) 園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林建(jian)筑,例(li)(li)如杭(hang)州(zhou)曲(qu)院風(feng)荷公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和(he)(he)桂林蘆笛巖公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。此外,中國園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林中注(zhu)重(zhong)文學情趣和(he)(he)哲理(li)意義的(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong),也(ye)在現(xian)代(dai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中有(you)所體(ti)現(xian)。多數景(jing)(jing)點、景(jing)(jing)區都根據設計構思(si)和(he)(he)觀賞(shang)效果的(de)(de)(de)(de)統(tong)(tong)一(yi)來(lai)命名,主(zhu)要園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林建(jian)筑也(ye)常配有(you)詩詞(ci)楹聯或匾額(e)題字,例(li)(li)如蕪湖(hu)翠明園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和(he)(he)廣(guang)州(zhou)蘭圃。
中國(guo)各地(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)長期的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)中逐步形(xing)(xing)成了(le)一些地(di)(di)方(fang)風(feng)格。例如(ru),廣州(zhou)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)的(de)地(di)(di)方(fang)風(feng)格主(zhu)要表(biao)現在(zai):植(zhi)物(wu)造(zao)景上情調熱烈,形(xing)(xing)成四季花潮;園(yuan)(yuan)林建筑(zhu)(zhu)上布(bu)局(ju)自由明朗(lang);山(shan)水結構上注重水景的(de)自然式(shi)(shi)布(bu)局(ju);擅長運(yun)用(yong)塑(su)石工藝和“園(yuan)(yuan)中園(yuan)(yuan)”形(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)等(deng)。哈爾濱公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)的(de)地(di)(di)方(fang)風(feng)格主(zhu)要表(biao)現在(zai):采取有(you)軸線的(de)規整形(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)平面布(bu)局(ju);園(yuan)(yuan)林建筑(zhu)(zhu)受俄羅斯(si)建筑(zhu)(zhu)風(feng)格的(de)影響;大量運(yun)用(yong)雕塑(su)和五(wu)色草花壇作為公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)綠地(di)(di)的(de)點(dian)景;以夏季野游為主(zhu)的(de)游憩環境;冬(dong)季利用(yong)冰雕雪塑(su)造(zao)景等(deng)。