宋(song)文公，子姓，宋(song)氏，名(ming)鮑（一作(zuo)鮑革），亦稱公子鮑或公子鮑革，宋(song)成公之子，宋(song)昭公的弟(di)弟(di)。
公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)鮑(bao)為人(ren)(ren)(ren)賢(xian)明，對國(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)以(yi)禮相(xiang)待，當時(shi)(shi)宋(song)國(guo)發生饑(ji)荒，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)鮑(bao)把糧食全部(bu)拿出來(lai)施(shi)舍。對年紀(ji)在七(qi)十歲以(yi)上的(de)(de)，沒有(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)送東(dong)西(xi)的(de)(de)，還(huan)按時(shi)(shi)令加送珍貴(gui)食品。沒有(you)(you)一天不(bu)(bu)進出六卿的(de)(de)大門。對國(guo)內有(you)(you)才能的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，沒有(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)加事(shi)奉的(de)(de)；對親屬中從宋(song)桓公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)以(yi)下(xia)的(de)(de)子(zi)孫(sun)，沒有(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)加周(zhou)濟的(de)(de)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)鮑(bao)長得漂亮(liang)而(er)且(qie)艷(yan)麗(li)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)鮑(bao)祖父宋(song)襄(xiang)(xiang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)（周(zhou)襄(xiang)(xiang)王之(zhi)姐(jie)）想和他私通(tong)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)鮑(bao)不(bu)(bu)肯，襄(xiang)(xiang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)就幫助(zhu)他在國(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)中廣施(shi)恩惠(hui)。宋(song)昭公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)無(wu)道，宋(song)國(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)都不(bu)(bu)親附宋(song)昭公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，宋(song)國(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)由于襄(xiang)(xiang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)關(guan)系(xi)而(er)擁護公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)鮑(bao)。
宋(song)昭(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)(gong)九年（公(gong)(gong)元前611年），當時，華元擔任(ren)右(you)師，公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)友擔任(ren)左(zuo)師，華耦擔任(ren)司(si)馬(ma)、鱗(lin)鱹擔任(ren)司(si)徒，蕩(dang)(dang)意諸擔任(ren)司(si)城，公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)朝擔任(ren)司(si)寇。當初，司(si)城蕩(dang)(dang)去(qu)世，公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)壽辭掉(diao)司(si)城的(de)官(guan)職，請(qing)求讓(rang)(rang)蕩(dang)(dang)意諸擔任(ren)。后來(lai)告(gao)訴別(bie)人(ren)說(shuo)：“國君(jun)無道，我(wo)(wo)的(de)官(guan)位(wei)接(jie)近國君(jun)，很(hen)怕禍(huo)患引到(dao)身上(shang)(shang)。如果丟掉(diao)官(guan)職不(bu)(bu)(bu)干，家(jia)(jia)族就無所庇護。兒(er)(er)子(zi)(zi)，是我(wo)(wo)的(de)代(dai)表，姑(gu)且(qie)讓(rang)(rang)我(wo)(wo)晚點(dian)死去(qu)。這樣，雖然喪(sang)(sang)失(shi)兒(er)(er)子(zi)(zi)，還(huan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)致(zhi)于(yu)喪(sang)(sang)失(shi)家(jia)(jia)族。”不(bu)(bu)(bu)久以(yi)后，襄公(gong)(gong)夫人(ren)準(zhun)備(bei)讓(rang)(rang)宋(song)昭(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)(gong)在孟諸（今河南商丘(qiu)東北）打(da)獵(lie)而乘機(ji)殺死他(ta)(ta)。宋(song)昭(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)(gong)得知后，帶(dai)上(shang)(shang)全部珍寶(bao)出行。蕩(dang)(dang)意諸說(shuo)：“何不(bu)(bu)(bu)到(dao)諸侯(hou)那里去(qu)？”宋(song)昭(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)(gong)說(shuo)：“得不(bu)(bu)(bu)到(dao)自(zi)己的(de)大夫甚至(zhi)君(jun)祖母以(yi)及人(ren)們(men)的(de)信任(ren)，諸侯(hou)誰肯接(jie)納我(wo)(wo)？而且(qie)已經做(zuo)了別(bie)人(ren)的(de)君(jun)主，再(zai)做(zuo)別(bie)人(ren)的(de)臣下，不(bu)(bu)(bu)如死了好(hao)。”魯昭(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)(gong)把他(ta)(ta)的(de)珍寶(bao)全部賜給左(zuo)右(you)隨行人(ren)員，而讓(rang)(rang)他(ta)(ta)們(men)離去(qu)。襄公(gong)(gong)夫人(ren)派人(ren)告(gao)訴蕩(dang)(dang)意諸離開宋(song)昭(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)(gong)，蕩(dang)(dang)意諸回答說(shuo)：“做(zuo)他(ta)(ta)的(de)臣下，而又逃避他(ta)(ta)的(de)禍(huo)難，怎么能事奉以(yi)后的(de)國君(jun)呢？”
宋(song)昭公(gong)九(jiu)年(nian)（公(gong)元前611年(nian)）十一月二十二日，宋(song)昭公(gong)準備去孟諸打(da)獵，沒有到達，襄公(gong)夫人派遣帥甸（《史記(ji)》作(zuo)衛伯）進攻并(bing)殺死(si)宋(song)昭公(gong)，于(yu)是公(gong)子(zi)鮑繼位(wei)，是為宋(song)文公(gong)。
宋(song)文公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)年（公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)前610年）春天，晉國荀林父(fu)、衛(wei)國孔達、陳國公(gong)(gong)孫寧(ning)、鄭國石楚聯軍(jun)攻打宋(song)國，譴責宋(song)國人殺害宋(song)昭(zhao)公(gong)(gong)。得知宋(song)文公(gong)(gong)繼位(wei)的消(xiao)息(xi)后，便承認宋(song)文公(gong)(gong)繼位(wei)的合(he)法性(xing)，于是(shi)撤兵(bing)離去。
宋(song)(song)(song)文(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)二年(nian)(nian)(nian)（公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)元前609年(nian)(nian)(nian)），宋(song)(song)(song)武公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、宋(song)(song)(song)穆公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、宋(song)(song)(song)戴(dai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、宋(song)(song)(song)莊公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、宋(song)(song)(song)桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的族(zu)人(ren)帶領宋(song)(song)(song)昭公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之子，準備擁(yong)奉宋(song)(song)(song)文(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)母(mu)弟司(si)城(cheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子須(xu)來(lai)發動叛(pan)亂，同(tong)年(nian)(nian)(nian)十二月，宋(song)(song)(song)文(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)殺死公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子須(xu)和宋(song)(song)(song)昭公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之子，讓(rang)宋(song)(song)(song)戴(dai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、宋(song)(song)(song)莊公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、宋(song)(song)(song)桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的族(zu)人(ren)在司(si)馬子伯的賓館里(li)攻(gong)打宋(song)(song)(song)武公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)族(zu)人(ren)，于(yu)是就把宋(song)(song)(song)武公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、宋(song)(song)(song)穆公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的族(zu)人(ren)驅逐出境，派(pai)(pai)遣公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫師擔任司(si)城(cheng)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子朝去世，宋(song)(song)(song)文(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)派(pai)(pai)樂呂擔任司(si)寇(kou)，來(lai)安定國內(nei)的人(ren)心。
宋(song)文(wen)公(gong)四(si)年(nian)（公(gong)元(yuan)前606年(nian)）春天，鄭(zheng)國(guo)公(gong)子歸生(sheng)接受楚國(guo)命(ming)令(ling)攻打宋(song)國(guo)。宋(song)文(wen)公(gong)派(pai)華元(yuan)、樂(le)呂帶兵(bing)抵(di)御。二(er)月初十(shi)日，雙方在(zai)大棘開戰，宋(song)軍(jun)(jun)大敗。鄭(zheng)軍(jun)(jun)俘虜(lu)華元(yuan)，得(de)到樂(le)呂的尸首，繳(jiao)獲(huo)戰車(che)四(si)百六十(shi)輛，俘虜(lu)二(er)百五十(shi)人，割下一百名宋(song)軍(jun)(jun)陣亡士(shi)兵(bing)的耳朵。
華元準(zhun)備與鄭軍(jun)(jun)開戰(zhan)時，殺(sha)羊(yang)犒賞士兵(bing)，他的(de)車夫羊(yang)斟(zhen)沒有吃到羊(yang)肉羹汁，所以怨恨華元。等(deng)到兩軍(jun)(jun)交戰(zhan)，羊(yang)斟(zhen)說：“前(qian)天(tian)的(de)羊(yang)，是你(ni)作主(zhu)；今天(tian)的(de)打仗，是我作主(zhu)。”就驅車沖進鄭軍(jun)(jun)軍(jun)(jun)中(zhong)，因(yin)此宋軍(jun)(jun)戰(zhan)敗，鄭軍(jun)(jun)得(de)以活捉華元。
宋文公(gong)用一百(bai)輛(liang)戰車、四百(bai)匹毛(mao)色漂亮的良馬，從鄭(zheng)國(guo)贖(shu)回華元。戰車和良馬還沒全部(bu)送(song)到鄭(zheng)國(guo)，華元就自(zi)己逃(tao)回了宋國(guo)。
宋文(wen)公(gong)五年(nian)（公(gong)元前605年(nian)），宋武公(gong)、宋穆(mu)公(gong)的(de)族人用曹國的(de)軍(jun)隊(dui)(dui)攻(gong)打宋國。同年(nian)秋(qiu)天，宋文(wen)公(gong)派(pai)軍(jun)隊(dui)(dui)包圍(wei)曹國，以報復宋武公(gong)等族人的(de)叛亂。
宋文(wen)公(gong)(gong)十一年（公(gong)(gong)元前(qian)600年）冬天，宋文(wen)公(gong)(gong)乘(cheng)滕國有喪(sang)事(shi)之機，派兵包圍滕國。
宋(song)文公(gong)十二年(nian)(nian)（公(gong)元前599年(nian)(nian)），滕國(guo)人依靠晉(jin)國(guo)而(er)不事奉宋(song)國(guo)。同年(nian)(nian)六月，宋(song)文公(gong)再度派兵進攻滕國(guo)。
宋文(wen)公十五年(nian)（公元(yuan)前597年(nian)）夏天，楚國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)君楚莊王因宋國(guo)(guo)曾救援蕭國(guo)(guo)，于是派兵(bing)進攻宋國(guo)(guo)。
宋(song)(song)文(wen)公十六(liu)年(nian)（公元前596年(nian)），楚國使(shi)者經過宋(song)(song)國，宋(song)(song)國與楚國有舊仇，便抓住楚國使(shi)者。同年(nian)九月(yue)，楚莊王圍攻宋(song)(song)國。
宋(song)文(wen)公(gong)十七年（公(gong)元(yuan)前595年），因楚軍包圍(wei)宋(song)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)五個(ge)月不解圍(wei)，宋(song)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)都城中沒(mei)有糧食(shi)，岌(ji)(ji)岌(ji)(ji)可危，于是宋(song)文(wen)公(gong)派樂嬰齊到晉國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)求救(jiu)。晉國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)君(jun)晉景公(gong)本想救(jiu)援宋(song)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，但采納大臣伯(bo)宗的建議，就(jiu)停(ting)止發兵援救(jiu)宋(song)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，只是派遣解揚(yang)到宋(song)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)去，讓宋(song)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)不要投降楚國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。
宋(song)文公(gong)十七年（公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)前595年）五月，楚(chu)(chu)莊(zhuang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)準備撤軍(jun)(jun)(jun)，但在申(shen)(shen)犀、申(shen)(shen)叔勸(quan)阻下楚(chu)(chu)莊(zhuang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)沒有(you)撤軍(jun)(jun)(jun)，反而采納申(shen)(shen)叔的(de)計策，讓人在宋(song)國建房(fang)子(zi)、種田。宋(song)文公(gong)害怕，派華元(yuan)(yuan)在夜里進入楚(chu)(chu)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)營見楚(chu)(chu)將(jiang)子(zi)反，子(zi)反告訴(su)楚(chu)(chu)莊(zhuang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)。楚(chu)(chu)莊(zhuang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)問：“城中情況(kuang)怎(zen)樣(yang)？”華元(yuan)(yuan)說(shuo)(shuo)：“劈開人骨頭當柴燒，互相交換子(zi)女來烹(peng)食。”楚(chu)(chu)莊(zhuang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)說(shuo)(shuo)：“多誠實(shi)的(de)話啊(a)！我軍(jun)(jun)(jun)也只(zhi)有(you)兩(liang)天(tian)的(de)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)糧。”因為(wei)華元(yuan)(yuan)的(de)誠實(shi)，楚(chu)(chu)國終于(yu)罷(ba)兵(bing)解圍而去。
宋(song)文公二十二年（公元前589年）八月，宋(song)文公去世，其子宋(song)共(gong)公繼位。
巧笑倩兮 
