葉小鸞(luan)(1616~1632) 明末(mo)才女。字(zi)瓊(qiong)章(zhang),一字(zi)瑤期,吳江(jiang)(今屬(shu)江(jiang)蘇蘇州)人,文(wen)學家(jia)葉紹袁、沈宜修幼女。貌姣好,工(gong)詩,善圍(wei)棋及琴,又能畫,繪(hui)山水及落花飛碟,皆有韻(yun)致,將嫁(jia)而卒(zu),有集名《返生香》。
父(fu)葉紹袁,天啟進士(shi),官工部主事;母沈(shen)宜(yi)修(xiu),字宛君,均工詩詞,偕隱(yin)分湖。小(xiao)鸞為沈(shen)宜(yi)修(xiu)的第三個女(nv)兒,剛出(chu)生時,宜(yi)修(xiu)念(nian)及(ji)(ji)家貧(pin)乏乳也念(nian)及(ji)(ji)表妹張(zhang)倩倩子女(nv)俱(ju)亡,將(jiang)小(xiao)鸞送予沈(shen)自征(zheng)、張(zhang)倩倩撫養(yang)。小(xiao)鸞靈慧早熟,工于詩律(lv)。“三四歲(sui)(sui)(sui),口授(shou)《萬首唐人絕(jue)句(ju)》及(ji)(ji)《花間》、《草堂》諸詞,皆朗然成(cheng)誦(song),終卷不遺(yi)一字。”10歲(sui)(sui)(sui)時養(yang)母去世遂(sui)(sui)歸葉家,能成(cheng)妙對,12歲(sui)(sui)(sui)濃發覆額,體質(zhi)修(xiu)長,娟好如玉人;隨父(fu)到了金(jin)陵,教之學詠,遂(sui)(sui)從此能詩,多佳句(ju)。14歲(sui)(sui)(sui)能弈(yi)棋(qi),16歲(sui)(sui)(sui)善彈(dan)琴,清泠(ling)可聽。又擅繪畫,摹山水,寫(xie)花蝶,書法亦秀勁(jing)。
小鸞性格高(gao)曠(kuang),厭繁華(hua),愛煙霞,通禪理。自(zi)恃穎(ying)姿,視金錢若污物(wu),淡然無(wu)求(qiu),而濟楚(chu)清雅,所(suo)最喜矣。能飲(yin)酒,善言笑,瀟灑多致,高(gao)情曠(kuang)達(da),仁慈寬厚。許配昆山(shan)張維魯長(chang)子立(li)平為妻,婚(hun)前五日,未嫁而卒,時年僅十(shi)七歲(sui)(虛歲(sui))。七日入棺,舉體輕盈。家人咸以為仙去。其姐葉紈紈因妹逝,歸(gui)哭過哀,病發(fa)而死。
葉(xie)小鸞(luan)墓在葉(xie)家埭東南一里多的大(da)富圩。葉(xie)小鸞(luan)歿于明(ming)崇禎五年(nian)(nian)(1632年(nian)(nian))十月(yue)十一日,年(nian)(nian)僅十七(qi)歲,離婚期(qi)只剩(sheng)五天(tian)。
1923年(nian),柳亞子與(yu)沈長(chang)公訪(fang)小(xiao)(xiao)鸞墓,并寫了一首《葉(xie)瓊(qiong)章墓道歌》,表示想在墓地旁種下萬(wan)株梅花(hua)。后來,經柳亞子、葉(xie)楚傖等(deng)的提議(yi)及(ji)捐助,寶生(sheng)庵(an)得以恢復原貌。墓碑上“葉(xie)小(xiao)(xiao)鸞之墓”由葉(xie)氏族長(chang)葉(xie)藜仙(xian)題寫。
1958年(nian),修(xiu)建318國道時(shi)墓遭到嚴重破壞。1982年(nian)文(wen)物普(pu)查,發現(xian)了在生(sheng)產隊倉(cang)庫的墓碑(bei)。這塊墓碑(bei)現(xian)在保(bao)存于張應春烈士(shi)紀(ji)念館。
小鸞(luan)有(you)集名《返生香》,收詩103首(shou)、偈1首(shou)、詞90首(shou)、曲1首(shou)、擬連珠9首(shou)、序(xu)1篇、偈2篇。
陳(chen)維崧《婦人(ren)集(ji)》評葉(xie)氏三女才調以(yi)“瓊章(zhang)尤英徹,如玉山(shan)之(zhi)映人(ren),詩(shi)詞絕有思致”。
胡文(wen)楷《歷代(dai)婦女(nv)著作考》卷五曰:“七占及絕句,視姊為勝(sheng)。詩徐清麗相當,而時有(you)至語。擬(ni)其態制,正如花紅雪白,光悅宜人(ren)。而一語纏(chan)綿,復耐(nai)人(ren)尋咀。驕麗之文(wen),涉筆(bi)便(bian)工。”
王端淑《名(ming)媛(yuan)詩緯》說:”詞家口(kou)頭(tou)語,正寫不(bu)出(chu),在筆(bi)尖頭(tou);寫得出(chu)便輕(qing)松流麗,淡處(chu)見濃,閑處(chu)耐想(xiang),足以供人(ren)咀味。何必蘇、劉、秦、柳始稱上品?”
陳廷焯《白雨齋詞(ci)(ci)話》卷二曰:“葉(xie)小鸞詞(ci)(ci)筆哀艷,不減朱淑真。求諸明(ming)代作者,尤不易見也。”卷五曰:“閨(gui)秀工為詞(ci)(ci)者,前有李易安,后(hou)則徐湘萍,明(ming)末葉(xie)小鸞較勝于朱淑真,可為李、徐之(zhi)亞。”
沈(shen)宜修《季女(nv)瓊章(zhang)傳》
女(nv)名(ming)小鸞(luan),字瓊章,又字瑤(yao)期,余(yu)第三(san)女(nv)也(ye)(ye)。生才六月,即撫(fu)于(yu)君(jun)庸舅家。明年春,余(yu)父自東(dong)魯掛冠歸,余(yu)歸寧,值兒周歲,頗穎(ying)秀。妗母(mu)即余(yu)表妹張氏,端麗明智人(ren)也(ye)(ye),數向余(yu)言,是兒靈慧,后日當齊班蔡(cai),姿容亦非尋常比者。
四歲(sui),能誦《離騷》。不數遍,即能了了。又令識字,他日故(gu)以謬戲之,兒云:“非也,母(mu)誤耶(ye)?”舅與妗(jin)甚(shen)憐愛之。十歲(sui)歸家,時初(chu)寒,清(qing)燈夜坐,檻外風竹瀟(xiao)瀟(xiao),簾前月(yue)明如(ru)晝。余因語云:“桂寒清(qing)露濕。”兒即應云:“楓冷(leng)亂紅凋。”爾時喜其(qi)敏捷(jie),有柳絮因風之思 。悲(bei)夫!豈竟(jing)為不壽之征乎?
后遭妗母之(zhi)變(bian),舅又久滯燕都,每(mei)言念顧復之(zhi)情,無(wu)不唏噓(xu)泣下。兒(er)體質姣長(chang),十二歲(sui)發(fa)已覆額(e),娟好如玉人(ren)。隨父金(jin)陵,覽長(chang)干桃葉,教(jiao)之(zhi)學(xue)詠,遂從此能(neng)(neng)詩。今檢遺篋中(zhong),無(wu)復一存(cun),想(xiang)以(yi)小(xiao)時語(yu)未(wei)工(gong),兒(er)自棄去邪(xie)?十四歲(sui)能(neng)(neng)弈。十六歲(sui)有(you)族姑善琴,略為指教(jiao),即通(tong)數(shu)調,清泠可(ke)聽,嵇康(kang)所云“英聲發(fa)越,采采粲粲”也。家有(you)畫卷,即能(neng)(neng)摹寫。今夏,君牧弟以(yi)畫扇寄(ji)余,兒(er)仿(fang)之(zhi)甚(shen)似。又見(jian)藤箋上作落(luo)花飛蝶,甚(shen)有(you)風雅之(zhi)致(zhi)。但無(wu)師(shi)傳授,又學(xue)未(wei)久, 不能(neng)(neng)精工(gong)耳。
性(xing)高曠(kuang),厭繁華,愛(ai)(ai)煙霞,通禪理。自恃穎姿(zi),嘗言(yan)欲博盡今古,為(wei)父(fu)所(suo)鐘愛(ai)(ai)。然于姊妹中,略無(wu)恃愛(ai)(ai)之色。或(huo)有(you)所(suo)與,必與兩姊共之。然貧(pin)(pin)士所(suo)與,不(bu)(bu)過紙筆書香而已。衣(yi)服(fu)不(bu)(bu)喜(xi)新,即今年春夏來,余制羅衫裙幾(ji)件,為(wei)更(geng)其(qi)(qi)舊(jiu)者,竟不(bu)(bu)見著。至死時檢(jian)之,猶未開折也,其(qi)(qi)性(xing)儉如(ru)此(ci)。因結褵將近(jin),家貧(pin)(pin)無(wu)所(suo)措(cuo)辦,父(fu)為(wei)百(bai)計營貸。兒(er)意(yi)甚不(bu)(bu)樂,謂荊釵(chai)裙布(bu),貧(pin)(pin)士之常,父(fu)何(he)自苦為(wei)。然又非(fei)纖嗇,視金錢(qian)若浼,淡然無(wu)求,而濟楚清雅,所(suo)最喜(xi)矣。
兒(er)鬒發素(su)額,修眉玉頰,丹唇皓齒(chi),端(duan)鼻媚靨,明眸善睞,秀(xiu)色(se)可(ke)餐,無(wu)(wu)(wu)妖艷之(zhi)(zhi)態,無(wu)(wu)(wu)脂粉(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)氣。比梅花,覺(jue)梅花太(tai)瘦;比海(hai)棠,覺(jue)海(hai)棠少清。故名為豐麗,實是逸(yi)韻(yun)風(feng)生。若謂有(you)(you)韻(yun)致(zhi)人。不(bu)免輕(qing)佻,則又端(duan)嚴莊靚。總之(zhi)(zhi)王夫(fu)人林下之(zhi)(zhi)風(feng),顧家婦閨房之(zhi)(zhi)秀(xiu),兼有(you)(you)之(zhi)(zhi)耳。父(fu)嘗戲謂兒(er)有(you)(you)絕世之(zhi)(zhi)姿,兒(er)必(bi)慍曰(yue):“女子(zi)傾(qing)城之(zhi)(zhi)色(se),何所取貴,父(fu)何必(bi)加之(zhi)(zhi)于兒(er)?”己(ji)巳十四歲(sui),與余同過舅(jiu)(jiu)家,歸(gui)時君晦舅(jiu)(jiu)贈兒(er)詩(shi),有(you)(you)“南國無(wu)(wu)(wu)雙應(ying)自貴,北方(fang)獨立詎為慚,飛去廣寒身似許,比來玉帳貌如(ru)甘(gan)”之(zhi)(zhi)句,皆非兒(er)意中所悅也。一日曉起(qi),立余床(chuang)前(qian),面酥未(wei)洗,宿(su)發未(wei)梳,風(feng)韻(yun)神(shen)致(zhi),亭亭無(wu)(wu)(wu)比。余戲謂之(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue):“兒(er)嗔(chen)人贊汝(ru)(ru)色(se)美,今粗服(fu)亂頭,尚(shang)且(qie)如(ru)此(ci),真所謂笑笑生芳,步步生妍矣,我見(jian)猶憐(lian),未(wei)知畫(hua)眉人道汝(ru)(ru)何如(ru)?”悲(bei)夫(fu)!孰意兒(er)床(chuang)前(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)立今不(bu)復(fu)見(jian),夫(fu)婦不(bu)得一識面乎!
作(zuo)詩不(bu)喜作(zuo)艷(yan)語(yu),集(ji)中或有艷(yan)句,是詠物之(zhi)(zhi)興,填詞之(zhi)(zhi)體(ti),如秦(qin)少(shao)游、晏小山代閨人為之(zhi)(zhi)耳。如夢中所(suo)作(zuo)《鷓(zhe)鴣天(tian)》,此其(qi)志也。每日臨王子敬(jing)《洛神賦(fu)》,或懷(huai)素(su)草書,不(bu)分(fen)寒暑,靜坐北(bei)窗下,一爐香相(xiang)對(dui)終日。余喚之(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)(chu)中庭,方出(chu)(chu),否則默默與琴書為伴(ban)而已。其(qi)愛清(qing)幽 恬寂,有過人者。又最不(bu)喜拘(ju)檢,能飲(yin)酒,善言笑,瀟灑多致,高情曠達,夷然不(bu)屑也。
性仁慈寬厚。侍女紅于,未曾一加呵責。識鑒(jian)明達,不(bu)拘今昔間事,言下即(ji)了(le)然徹解。或(huo)有所評論,定(ding)出余(yu)之上。余(yu)曰:“汝非我女,我小友也。”
九月(yue)十(shi)(shi)五(wu)日(ri)(ri)粥后,猶教六弟世倌暨(ji)幼妹小(xiao)繁讀《楚(chu)辭》。即(ji)是日(ri)(ri),婿(xu)家行催(cui)妝禮至,而兒(er)即(ji)于是夕病(bing)矣(yi)。于歸已近(jin),竟成不(bu)起(qi)(qi)之(zhi)疾。十(shi)(shi)月(yue)十(shi)(shi)日(ri)(ri),父不(bu)得(de)已,許婿(xu)來就婚,即(ji)至房(fang)中對兒(er)云:“我已許彼(bi)矣(yi),努力自攝(she),無誤佳期。”兒(er)默默然(ran)。父出,即(ji)喚(huan)紅(hong)于問曰(yue):“今日(ri)(ri)何日(ri)(ri) ?”云十(shi)(shi)月(yue)初(chu)十(shi)(shi)。兒(er)嘆曰(yue):“如此(ci)甚速,如何來得(de)及。”未(wei)免以病(bing)未(wei)有(you)起(qi)(qi)色(se)(se),婿(xu)家催(cui)迫為(wei)焦耳。不(bu)意至次日(ri)(ri)天(tian)明,遂有(you)此(ci)慘禍也(ye)。聞病(bing)者體(ti)重則危,兒(er)雖(sui)憊,舉體(ti)輕便,神氣清(qing)(qing)爽。臨終略無惛迷之(zhi)色(se)(se),會(hui)欲起(qi)(qi)坐,余(yu)(yu)恐久病(bing)無力,不(bu)禁勞(lao)動,扶枕余(yu)(yu)臂間,星眸炯(jiong)炯(jiong),念佛(fo)之(zhi)聲(sheng),明朗清(qing)(qing)徹,須臾而逝。余(yu)(yu)并(bing)呼數聲(sheng),兒(er)已不(bu)復聞矣(yi)。
初見(jian)兒之死(si)也(ye),驚悼(dao)不知所(suo)出,肝腸裂盡,血(xue)淚成(cheng)枯。后(hou)徐思之,兒豈凡骨,若非瑤島玉女,必靈鷲之侍者,應是再來人,豈能久居塵世耶?死(si)后(hou)日(ri)夜(ye)望其(qi)再生,故(gu)至七日(ri)方入殮。雖芳容消瘦已甚,面(mian)光猶雪(xue),唇紅如故(gu)。余含淚書“瓊章”二字臂上,尚柔白可愛,但骨瘦冰(bing)冷耳,痛(tong)哉!
初,兒輩在外(wai)塾(shu)各有紙記(ji)遍(bian),余(yu)仿樣以木為之,取其不(bu)(bu)易損壞。茲九月初,兒亦請作一面,手(shou)書其上“石徑(jing)春風長綠苔”一句。問之,曰:“兒酷愛此語。”爾時不(bu)(bu)覺,今憶之,乃(nai)劉商詩,上句是(shi)“仙(xian)人來往(wang)行無(wu)跡”也。豈非讖(chen)乎?兒真(zhen)仙(xian)去無(wu)疑(yi)矣。
十一月初二夜,五兒(er)世儋夢(meng)見(jian)兒(er)在一深松(song)茂(mao)柏茅庵中憑幾閱(yue)書,幅巾(jin)淡服(fu),神色怡暢。傍有烹茶(cha)人,不許五兒(er)入戶(hu),隔窗與語而別。五兒(er)尚(shang)幼,故但能憶夢(meng)境,不復憶所語也(ye)。五兒(er)云:“山名(ming)亦恍(huang)恍(huang)若憶,覺后忘之(zhi)。”后數日,大兒(er)世佺。亦夢(meng)見(jian)以松(song)實數合(he)相(xiang)(xiang)遺。余(yu)記陳子(zi)昂(ang)詩,有“還逢赤松(song)子(zi),天(tian)路(lu)坐相(xiang)(xiang)邀(yao)”之(zhi)句。兒(er)之(zhi)夙慧異常,當果為仙都邀(yao)去(qu)耳。或有譏余(yu)妄言(yan),效(xiao)古(gu)《長恨(hen)歌》之(zhi)說。嗚呼!愛女一死,痛腸難盡,淚眼追思,實實寫出,豈效(xiao)才人作小說欺世邪?
兒生于(yu)丙辰年三月(yue)初(chu)八日(ri)卯時,卒(zu)于(yu)崇(chong)禎壬申年十(shi)月(yue)十(shi)一(yi)日(ri)卯時,年十(shi)有(you)七歲,許字(zi)昆(kun)山張(zhang)家,婿名立(li)平(ping),長(chang)我(wo)女一(yi)歲,蚤有(you)文譽,卜于(yu)是月(yue)十(shi)六日(ri)成婚,先期(qi)五日(ri)而(er)卒(zu),夫(fu)婦不(bu)及一(yi)相見。余所未(wei)經之(zhi)慘,恐(kong)亦(yi)世間未(wei)有(you)之(zhi)事,傷哉痛哉!此肝腸(chang)寸(cun)碎中略(lve)記(ji)一(yi)二,不(bu)能盡述也。
彭際清(qing)《善(shan)女(nv)人傳》
字(zi)瓊章,吳江人(ren)(ren),工部郎(lang)中(zhong)葉紹(shao)(shao)(shao)袁(yuan)(yuan)之(zhi)季女(nv)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。母沈氏(shi),名(ming)(ming)宜修(xiu),伯姊(zi)名(ming)(ming)紈(wan)(wan)紈(wan)(wan),俱(ju)工詞翰。紈(wan)(wan)紈(wan)(wan)嫁趙田(tian)袁(yuan)(yuan)氏(shi),日(ri)誦佛經。年(nian)(nian)(nian)二(er)(er)十三,得(de)(de)疾(ji),危坐唱佛名(ming)(ming)而逝(shi)。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)鸞(luan)四(si)歲能(neng)誦《楚辭》,十二(er)(er)歲能(neng)詩(shi),稍長(chang)能(neng)鼓琴。好臨子敬《洛神(shen)賦》及《藏真帖(tie)》。焚香宴坐,灑如也(ye)(ye)(ye)。年(nian)(nian)(nian)十七(qi)字(zi)于(yu)張(zhang)生(sheng)(sheng)。行有(you)(you)(you)日(ri)矣(yi),俄而有(you)(you)(you)疾(ji),佛聲朗然,須臾化去(qu)。七(qi)日(ri)就木,舉體輕軟。事在(zai)崇禎五年(nian)(nian)(nian)。吳門有(you)(you)(you)神(shen)降于(yu)乩,自言(yan)天臺泐(le)子,在(zai)陳隋(sui)間為智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)大(da)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)弟子,已而轉女(nv)人(ren)(ren)身,墮鬼神(shen)道(dao)。遇大(da)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)接引,頓悟宿因(yin),遂(sui)借乩示現,闡天臺止觀法門。時紹(shao)(shao)(shao)袁(yuan)(yuan)甚念(nian)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)鸞(luan),遂(sui)迎泐(le)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)至(zhi)家。以小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)鸞(luan)問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)。師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“此月府侍書女(nv)也(ye)(ye)(ye),其(qi)名(ming)(ming)寒簧(huang)。”問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)今(jin)(jin)在(zai)何處(chu)。曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“緱山仙(xian)府。”問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)可(ke)招(zhao)之(zhi)至(zhi)乎(hu)。師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)初不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke),再三請而后許之(zhi)。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)鸞(luan)至(zhi),紹(shao)(shao)(shao)袁(yuan)(yuan)問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)以去(qu)來事。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)鸞(luan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“菩(pu)薩(sa)(sa)有(you)(you)(you)變易生(sheng)(sheng)死,眾(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)有(you)(you)(you)分(fen)段生(sheng)(sheng)死,兒(er)猶在(zai)分(fen)段中(zhong)。去(qu)時但見金(jin)童玉(yu)(yu)女(nv),建紫金(jin)幢,赤(chi)珊(shan)瑚節,大(da)紅流蘇結為臺閣。赤(chi)猊駕橋,赤(chi)虬驂(can)乘(cheng)。爾時殊樂,不(bu)(bu)(bu)知苦也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)答(da)未竟(jing),師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“無(wu)(wu)明緣(yuan)行,行緣(yuan)識,識緣(yuan)名(ming)(ming)色,名(ming)(ming)色緣(yuan)六入,六入緣(yuan)觸(chu),觸(chu)緣(yuan)受,受緣(yuan)愛(ai),愛(ai)緣(yuan)取,取緣(yuan)有(you)(you)(you)有(you)(you)(you)緣(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)。生(sheng)(sheng)緣(yuan)老死憂悲苦惱,君(jun)諦聽之(zhi),我(wo)(wo)當細講。”停乩良久,師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“善哉(zai)!割(ge)(ge)愛(ai)第(di)一(yi)。”小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)鸞(luan)作詩(shi)呈師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“弱(ruo)水安能(neng)制毒龍,竿頭(tou)一(yi)轉拜(bai)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)功。從(cong)今(jin)(jin)別卻(que)芙(fu)蓉主(zhu),永侍猊床沐下(xia)風。”且曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“愿從(cong)大(da)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)受記,不(bu)(bu)(bu)復往仙(xian)府矣(yi)。”師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)為審戒(jie),問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen):“曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)犯(fan)殺否(fou)。”答(da):“曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)犯(fan)。”師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)如何。答(da):“曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)呼(hu)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)玉(yu)(yu)除花(hua)(hua)虱,也(ye)(ye)(ye)遣輕紈(wan)(wan)壞蜨衣。”問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen):“曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)犯(fan)盜否(fou)。”答(da):“曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)犯(fan)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)知新綠誰(shui)家樹,怪底清簫何處(chu)聲。”問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen):“曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)犯(fan)淫否(fou)。”答(da):“曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)犯(fan)。晚(wan)鏡偷窺眉(mei)曲曲,春裙親繡(xiu)鳥雙(shuang)雙(shuang)。”問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen):“曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)犯(fan)妄言(yan)否(fou)。”答(da):“曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)犯(fan)。自謂前生(sheng)(sheng)歡喜地,詭云今(jin)(jin)坐辯才天。”問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen):“曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)犯(fan)綺語否(fou)。”答(da):“曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)犯(fan)。團香制就夫人(ren)(ren)字(zi),鏤雪裝(zhuang)成幼(you)婦詞。”問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen):“曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)犯(fan)兩舌否(fou)。”答(da):“曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)犯(fan)。對月意(yi)添愁(chou)喜句,拈花(hua)(hua)評出短(duan)長(chang)謠。”問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen):“曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)犯(fan)惡口否(fou)。”答(da):“曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)犯(fan)。生(sheng)(sheng)怕簾開(kai)譏燕子,為憐花(hua)(hua)謝罵東風。”問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen):“曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)犯(fan)貪否(fou)。”答(da):“曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)犯(fan)。經營緗帙成千軸,辛苦鶯(ying)花(hua)(hua)滿一(yi)庭。”問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen):“曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)犯(fan)嗔否(fou)。”答(da):“曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)犯(fan)。怪他道(dao)蘊敲枯硯,薄彼崔徽撲玉(yu)(yu)釵。”問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen):“曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)犯(fan)癡否(fou)。”答(da):“曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)犯(fan)。勉棄珠環(huan)收漢玉(yu)(yu),戲捐粉盒葬花(hua)(hua)魂。”師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“善哉(zai)!子所犯(fan)者(zhe),獨綺語一(yi)戒(jie)耳(er)。”遂(sui)與(yu)之(zhi)戒(jie),名(ming)(ming)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)“智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)斷(duan)(duan)”。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)鸞(luan)問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)何謂智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“有(you)(you)(you)道(dao)種智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),一(yi)切智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),一(yi)切種智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”又問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)何謂斷(duan)(duan)。師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“斷(duan)(duan)見思惑(huo),斷(duan)(duan)塵沙惑(huo),斷(duan)(duan)無(wu)(wu)明惑(huo)。三智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)應(ying)(ying)修(xiu),三惑(huo)應(ying)(ying)斷(duan)(duan)。菩(pu)薩(sa)(sa)有(you)(you)(you)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德,有(you)(you)(you)斷(duan)(duan)德。智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、斷(duan)(duan)者(zhe),菩(pu)薩(sa)(sa)之(zhi)二(er)(er)德也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)鸞(luan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“菩(pu)薩(sa)(sa)以無(wu)(wu)所得(de)(de),故得(de)(de)。應(ying)(ying)以無(wu)(wu)所斷(duan)(duan),故斷(duan)(duan)。”師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驚曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“吾不(bu)(bu)(bu)敢(gan)以神(shen)仙(xian)待子也(ye)(ye)(ye),可(ke)謂迥絕(jue)無(wu)(wu)際矣(yi)。”遂(sui)字(zi)之(zhi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)“絕(jue)際”。其(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)秋沈宜人(ren)(ren)亦逝(shi)。明年(nian)(nian)(nian)四(si)月,紹(shao)(shao)(shao)袁(yuan)(yuan)再邀師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)引沈氏(shi)及紈(wan)(wan)紈(wan)(wan)、小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)鸞(luan)偕至(zhi)。時師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)開(kai)無(wu)(wu)葉堂,度諸女(nv)人(ren)(ren)夙有(you)(you)(you)慧(hui)根者(zhe),沈宜人(ren)(ren)母子俱(ju)從(cong)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)修(xiu)凈業(ye),注生(sheng)(sheng)西(xi)方。既至(zhi),聯吟古詩(shi)一(yi)首。紹(shao)(shao)(shao)袁(yuan)(yuan)問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen):“小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)鸞(luan)在(zai)緱山,有(you)(you)(you)詩(shi)作否(fou)。”答(da)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“世法無(wu)(wu)常,念(nian)念(nian)滅盡,如石火水沫,我(wo)(wo)寧為其(qi)動(dong)搖哉(zai)。倘到處(chu)留跡(ji),不(bu)(bu)(bu)已勞乎(hu)?”將別,復告父曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“父還要眼(yan)明手快,倩種愁(chou)苗,乃八(ba)獄之(zhi)本,一(yi)刀割(ge)(ge)絕(jue),立地清涼。”遂(sui)去(qu)。紹(shao)(shao)(shao)袁(yuan)(yuan)敘其(qi)事,名(ming)(ming)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)《窈聞》(出《午夢堂集》)。
【己巳春哭沈(shen)六(liu)舅母(mu)墓所(suo)】
十載恩難報,重泉(quan)哭不聞。
年年春草色(se),腸斷(duan)一孤墳(fen)。
【詠梅二首】
堪笑西園(yuan)桃李花,強將脂粉媚(mei)春華。
疏香獨對枝(zhi)梢(shao)月,深院朦(meng)朧瘦影斜。
傲骨(gu)欺霜映(ying)碧綺,數(shu)竿修(xiu)竹伴清幽。
年年燕子無消息,春信誰將寄隴頭。
【南歌子·秋夜】
門掩瑤琴靜(jing),窗(chuang)消畫卷閑。半庭(ting)香霧繞闌干。一帶(dai)淡煙紅樹(shu)、隔樓看(kan)。
云散(san)青天瘦,風來翠袖寒。嫦(chang)娥(e)眉又小檀彎。照得滿階(jie)花影(ying)、只難(nan)攀。
【虞美(mei)人·看(kan)花】
闌干曲(qu)護閑庭小,猶恐(kong)春寒悄(qiao)。隔墻影繞一枝紅,卻是杏(xing)花(hua)消瘦、舊東風(feng)。
海棠睡去梨花(hua)褪,欲語渾難問。只知婀娜(na)共爭(zheng)妍,不(bu)道有人為伊、惜流年。
【虞美(mei)人·殘燈】
深深一(yi)點紅光小,薄縷微煙裊。錦屏(ping)斜背漢宮中,曾照阿嬌(jiao)金屋(wu)、淚(lei)痕(hen)濃。
朦朧穗落輕煙散,顧影渾無伴。愴然午夜漫(man)凝思(si),恰似(si)去年秋夜、雨(yu)窗時。
【汾湖石記】
汾湖(hu)石者,蓋得之于汾湖(hu)也。其時水落(luo)而岸高,流(liu)涸而崖出(chu)。有人(ren)曰:湖(hu)之湄有石焉,累(lei)累(lei)然(ran)而多,遂命舟(zhou)致之。
其大小圓缺,袤尺不(bu)一。其色則(ze)蒼然,其狀則(ze)崟然,皆(jie)可(ke)愛也(ye)。詢其居旁之(zhi)人,亦不(bu)知誰之(zhi)所遺矣。豈其昔(xi)為(wei)繁華之(zhi)所,以年代邈(miao)遠,故湮沒而(er)無(wu)聞耶?抑(yi)開辟以來,石固生(sheng)于(yu)茲(zi)水(shui)者(zhe)耶?若(ruo)(ruo)其生(sheng)于(yu)茲(zi)水(shui),今不(bu)過遇而(er)出(chu)之(zhi)也(ye);若(ruo)(ruo)其昔(xi)為(wei)繁華之(zhi)所湮沒而(er)無(wu)聞者(zhe),則(ze)可(ke)悲甚(shen)矣。想(xiang)其人之(zhi)植(zhi)此石也(ye),必有(you)花木隱映(ying),池臺依倚,歌童(tong)與舞女流連,游客偕騷人嘯(xiao)詠。林壑交(jiao)美,煙霞有(you)主(zhu),不(bu)亦游觀(guan)之(zhi)樂乎(hu)?今皆(jie)不(bu)知化為(wei)何物矣。且(qie)并頹垣廢井、荒涂舊址之(zhi)跡(ji),一無(wu)可(ke)存而(er)考(kao)之(zhi),獨茲(zi)石之(zhi)頹乎(hu)臥于(yu)湖側,不(bu)知其幾百年也(ye),而(er)今出(chu)之(zhi),不(bu)亦悲哉(zai)!
雖然,當夫(fu)流波之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)沖激而(er)(er)奔(ben)排,魚蝦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)游泳而(er)(er)窟穴,秋風(feng)吹蘆花之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)瑟瑟,寒(han)宵唳征(zheng)雁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)嘹嘹,槍煙白露,蒹葭(jia)無際,釣艇漁(yu)帆,吹橫(heng)笛而(er)(er)出(chu)沒;萍鈿荇(xing)帶,雜黛螺而(er)(er)縈(ying)覆,則此(ci)石之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)存于(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)地之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間也(ye),其(qi)殆與湖(hu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水冷落(luo)于(yu)(yu)(yu)無窮已(yi)耶?今(jin)(jin)乃(nai)一旦(dan)羅(luo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)庭,復(fu)使壘之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)為(wei)山,蔭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以茂樹,披之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以蒼(cang)苔,雜紅(hong)英之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)璀璨,紛(fen)素蕊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)芬芳,細(xi)草春(chun)碧,明月秋朗,翠微繚繞(rao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)其(qi)巔,飛(fei)花點(dian)綴(zhui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)其(qi)巖。乃(nai)至楹檻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間,登高臺而(er)(er)送歸云(yun);窗軒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)際,照(zhao)遐景而(er)(er)生(sheng)清風(feng)。回思昔(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)嘯詠,流連游觀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)樂(le)者(zhe),不(bu)又復(fu)見(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)今(jin)(jin)乎?則是(shi)石之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)沈(shen)于(yu)(yu)(yu)水者(zhe)可悲,今(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遇而(er)(er)出(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe),又可喜也(ye)。若使水不(bu)落(luo),潮不(bu)涸,則至今(jin)(jin)猶埋于(yu)(yu)(yu)層波之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間耳(er)。石固(gu)亦有時也(ye)哉(zai)!
注釋:
汾湖(hu)(hu):在江蘇省吳江縣(xian)東南。湄:指(zhi)湖(hu)(hu)的(de)岸邊,水與草交接(jie)的(de)地方。袤(mao)尺(chi):指(zhi)長短(duan)尺(chi)寸。崟(yín)然:石頭高(gao)聳(song)的(de)樣子。嘹嘹:形(xing)容雁鳴的(de)聲音,響亮(liang)而(er)悠長。