南(nan)子(?―前481年),春秋(qiu)時期女政治家,河南(nan)商丘人。南(nan)子原是宋國(guo)公主(zhu) ,后(hou)嫁衛靈(ling)公為夫(fu)人。
南子生(sheng)性淫亂,與(yu)宋國(guo)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子朝(chao)私通。衛靈公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)不加(jia)阻止,反而(er)縱(zong)容南子,召公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子朝(chao)與(yu)其在洮地(di)相會(hui)。衛靈公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的太子蒯聵(kui)知道南子私通之事后,非常憤(fen)怒,便和家臣戲(xi)陽速商(shang)量(liang),在朝(chao)見南子時趁機刺殺她。結果戲(xi)陽速反悔(hui)沒有行動(dong),被南子所(suo)察(cha)覺(jue),蒯聵(kui)于是逃(tao)亡(wang)宋國(guo),衛靈公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)將蒯聵(kui)黨羽全部趕(gan)走。
孔子(zi)(zi)周(zhou)游列(lie)國時(shi),曾訪問衛國,南子(zi)(zi)與孔子(zi)(zi)隔帳見(jian)面(mian)。南子(zi)(zi)叩頭還禮(li)時(shi),身上佩飾發出清(qing)脆響聲,孔子(zi)(zi)學生子(zi)(zi)路對此頗為不(bu)滿。后來孔子(zi)(zi)認(ren)為衛靈(ling)公不(bu)是(shi)(shi)愛好(hao)(hao)德行如愛好(hao)(hao)美色(se)一樣,于是(shi)(shi)離(li)開衛國。
前493年,衛(wei)(wei)靈公(gong)(gong)去(qu)世,南(nan)子遵照衛(wei)(wei)靈公(gong)(gong)意愿,想立公(gong)(gong)子郢繼(ji)位,公(gong)(gong)子郢推辭(ci),于是(shi)改立蒯(kuai)(kuai)聵之(zhi)子輒(zhe)繼(ji)位,是(shi)為衛(wei)(wei)出公(gong)(gong)。前481年,蒯(kuai)(kuai)聵奪取衛(wei)(wei)國國君(jun)之(zhi)位,是(shi)為衛(wei)(wei)莊(zhuang)公(gong)(gong),并殺死南(nan)子。
南(nan)子原是(shi)宋(song)國(guo)的公(gong)主,后來嫁給衛國(guo)國(guo)君衛靈公(gong)為夫(fu)人。南(nan)子因宋(song)國(guo)公(gong)子宋(song)朝(chao)(chao)(公(gong)子朝(chao)(chao))容貌俊美(mei),于是(shi)便和(he)他私通(tong)。
衛靈公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)三十八年(魯定公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)十三年,前497年),衛靈公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)因大(da)臣公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)叔戌(xu)富有,而開始討厭公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)叔戌(xu)。當時,公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)叔戌(xu)對(dui)(dui)南(nan)子(zi)干預(yu)朝政不滿,企圖鏟除南(nan)子(zi)的(de)黨羽,南(nan)子(zi)對(dui)(dui)衛靈公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)說:“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孫戌(xu)將要發動叛(pan)亂。”
衛靈公三十九年(nian)(nian)(nian)(魯(lu)定公十四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian),前496年(nian)(nian)(nian))春天,衛靈公驅(qu)逐公叔戌及(ji)其黨羽,公叔戌逃亡(wang)到魯(lu)國。
衛(wei)靈(ling)公(gong)(gong)三十(shi)九年(魯(lu)定公(gong)(gong)十(shi)四年,前(qian)496年),衛(wei)靈(ling)公(gong)(gong)為(wei)南(nan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)而召見公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)朝(chao),在洮地會(hui)見。當時衛(wei)靈(ling)公(gong)(gong)的太(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)蒯(kuai)(kuai)聵(kui)(kui)把盂(yu)地獻給(gei)齊國,路(lu)過宋(song)(song)(song)國野外(wai)。野外(wai)的人(ren)唱(chang)歌說(shuo)(shuo):“已經滿(man)足(zu)你們的母(mu)豬(zhu),何(he)不歸還(huan)我(wo)們那漂(piao)亮的公(gong)(gong)豬(zhu)?”,母(mu)豬(zhu)是指(zhi)南(nan)子(zi)(zi)(zi),公(gong)(gong)豬(zhu)是指(zhi)宋(song)(song)(song)朝(chao),意思(si)是說(shuo)(shuo),已經滿(man)足(zu)南(nan)子(zi)(zi)(zi),為(wei)什么不把宋(song)(song)(song)朝(chao)歸還(huan)宋(song)(song)(song)國。太(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)蒯(kuai)(kuai)聵(kui)(kui)感(gan)到(dao)羞恥,對家(jia)臣(chen)戲(xi)陽(yang)速(su)說(shuo)(shuo):“跟著我(wo)去(qu)(qu)朝(chao)見夫(fu)人(ren),夫(fu)人(ren)接見我(wo),我(wo)一回(hui)頭看你,你就殺(sha)(sha)死她。”戲(xi)陽(yang)速(su)同意。于是二(er)人(ren)前(qian)去(qu)(qu)朝(chao)見南(nan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)。南(nan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)接見太(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)蒯(kuai)(kuai)聵(kui)(kui),太(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)蒯(kuai)(kuai)聵(kui)(kui)回(hui)頭看了(le)戲(xi)陽(yang)速(su)三次,戲(xi)陽(yang)速(su)后悔刺殺(sha)(sha)南(nan)子(zi)(zi)(zi),所以沒有下手(shou)。太(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)蒯(kuai)(kuai)聵(kui)(kui)頻(pin)頻(pin)用眼睛(jing)向戲(xi)陽(yang)速(su)示意,南(nan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)覺察到(dao)太(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)蒯(kuai)(kuai)聵(kui)(kui)的臉色異常,知道太(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)蒯(kuai)(kuai)聵(kui)(kui)要(yao)(yao)刺殺(sha)(sha)自己,南(nan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)害(hai)怕,號哭著逃(tao)走(zou),說(shuo)(shuo):“太(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)蒯(kuai)(kuai)聵(kui)(kui)想要(yao)(yao)殺(sha)(sha)我(wo)。”衛(wei)靈(ling)公(gong)(gong)拉著南(nan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)的手(shou)登上高臺。衛(wei)靈(ling)公(gong)(gong)因(yin)此大怒,太(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)蒯(kuai)(kuai)聵(kui)(kui)于是逃(tao)亡到(dao)宋(song)(song)(song)國 ,衛(wei)靈(ling)公(gong)(gong)將太(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)蒯(kuai)(kuai)聵(kui)(kui)的黨羽都趕走(zou)。
衛(wei)(wei)靈公(gong)(gong)四十二(er)年(nian)(魯哀公(gong)(gong)二(er)年(nian),前493年(nian))四月(yue)丙子(zi)日,衛(wei)(wei)靈公(gong)(gong)去世。衛(wei)(wei)靈公(gong)(gong)生(sheng)前曾想立(li)兒(er)子(zi)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)郢(ying)為太(tai)子(zi),衛(wei)(wei)靈公(gong)(gong)死(si)后,南子(zi)遵照衛(wei)(wei)靈公(gong)(gong)的意愿,想立(li)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)郢(ying)為太(tai)子(zi),說:“命令(ling)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)郢(ying)做(zuo)太(tai)子(zi),這(zhe)(zhe)是國君的命令(ling)。”公(gong)(gong)子(zi)郢(ying)回答說:“郢(ying)和別的兒(er)子(zi)不(bu)一(yi)樣,而且我(wo)伺候國君到(dao)死(si),如(ru)果(guo)有這(zhe)(zhe)話,郢(ying)一(yi)定會聽到(dao)。并且還有逃亡者太(tai)子(zi)蒯聵的兒(er)子(zi)輒在那里,我(wo)不(bu)敢即太(tai)子(zi)位。”于是便擁立(li)輒為國君,是為衛(wei)(wei)出公(gong)(gong)。
衛(wei)出(chu)(chu)公(gong)十(shi)二(er)年(魯哀(ai)公(gong)十(shi)四年,前481年),太(tai)子(zi)蒯聵(kui)聯(lian)合(he)渾良(liang)夫準(zhun)備奪取衛(wei)國(guo)國(guo)君之位(wei),太(tai)子(zi)蒯聵(kui)之子(zi)衛(wei)出(chu)(chu)公(gong)逃奔魯國(guo),太(tai)子(zi)蒯聵(kui)于是(shi)繼位(wei),是(shi)為衛(wei)莊(zhuang)公(gong)。衛(wei)莊(zhuang)公(gong)繼位(wei)后,殺死南子(zi)和渾良(liang)夫。
●孔子見南子
儒家學派創始人孔子(zi)有一次來到衛國,寄宿在蘧伯玉家里。
南子(zi)(zi)(zi)派人對孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)說:“各國的(de)君子(zi)(zi)(zi)不惜蒙受恥辱(ru)想與(yu)我(wo)們(men)國君結為(wei)兄弟之情,必定要先見我(wo)們(men)國君的(de)夫(fu)人。我(wo)愿(yuan)見見您。”孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)推辭(ci)告謝,不得已去見南子(zi)(zi)(zi)。南子(zi)(zi)(zi)在細葛布做成的(de)幃帳(zhang)(zhang)里。孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)進(jin)門(men)后(hou)(hou),向(xiang)北(bei)面(mian)恭敬地叩頭(tou)行禮。南子(zi)(zi)(zi)在帷帳(zhang)(zhang)中叩頭(tou)還禮,身上(shang)的(de)佩玉首飾發叮當碰擊的(de)清脆響(xiang)聲。孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)學生子(zi)(zi)(zi)路對此很(hen)不高(gao)興。孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)指天發誓說:“我(wo)要不是(shi)不得已的(de)話,上(shang)天厭(yan)棄我(wo)!上(shang)天厭(yan)棄我(wo)!”過(guo)了(le)一(yi)個多月后(hou)(hou),衛(wei)靈公與(yu)南子(zi)(zi)(zi)同坐一(yi)輛車子(zi)(zi)(zi),宦官雍渠陪侍(shi)左右(you),出(chu)了(le)宮門(men),要孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)坐在第二輛車上(shang)跟(gen)在后(hou)(hou)面(mian),招(zhao)搖經(jing)過(guo)街市。孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)說:“我(wo)沒有見過(guo)愛(ai)好(hao)德(de)行如愛(ai)好(hao)美色一(yi)樣的(de)人。”于(yu)是(shi)厭(yan)惡,于(yu)是(shi)離開衛(wei)國。
劉向《列女傳》:“南子惑淫(yin),宋朝(chao)是親,譖彼蒯聵,使(shi)之(zhi)出(chu)奔,悝母亦嬖,出(chu)入兩君,二(er)亂交(jiao)錯(cuo),咸以(yi)滅身。”
《史記(ji)·卷三十七·衛康叔世家第七》
《史記(ji)·卷四十七(qi)·孔(kong)子世家第(di)十七(qi)》
《列女(nv)傳(chuan)(chuan)·卷之七·孽嬖傳(chuan)(chuan)》
時間 片名 類(lei)型 扮演(yan)者
1940年 《孔夫子》 電視劇 慕容婉兒
1990年 《孔子》 電(dian)視劇 王婧
2010年 《孔子》 電影 周迅
2010年 《孔子春(chun)秋》 電視劇 李欣汝
2010年 《孔子》 電視劇 李貞賢