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文(wen)姜（？－前673年(nian)），姜姓，名字不詳，齊僖公(gong)(gong)之女，齊襄(xiang)公(gong)(gong)異母妹，魯(lu)(lu)桓公(gong)(gong)的夫人。與齊襄(xiang)公(gong)(gong)亂倫被魯(lu)(lu)桓公(gong)(gong)得(de)知，齊襄(xiang)公(gong)(gong)令彭生(sheng)殺(sha)魯(lu)(lu)桓公(gong)(gong)。以(yi)才華著稱(cheng)于當世，所以(yi)被稱(cheng)為“文(wen)”。

文(wen)姜(jiang)與(yu)她(ta)的姐姐齊(qi)宣姜(jiang)，都是當時聞名的絕色(se)美(mei)人(ren)。文(wen)姜(jiang)的婚姻一波(bo)三折，她(ta)的風流韻(yun)事，轟動了天下各國，人(ren)們(men)一面(mian)諷刺她(ta)的蕩婦淫亂行徑，一面(mian)又歌頌她(ta)的絕世(shi)艷麗，《詩經(jing)》上就(jiu)留(liu)下許多有(you)關文(wen)姜(jiang)的篇章，有(you)毀有(you)譽。

人物生平

夏商周(zhou)時期，有(you)貴族身份的男子(zi)(zi)只(zhi)稱(cheng)氏(shi)與名，而不稱(cheng)姓(xing)。只(zhi)有(you)婦人稱(cheng)姓(xing)，周(zhou)朝(chao)諸侯(hou)國齊國為姜(jiang)姓(xing)。文是指有(you)才(cai)華，所謂文姜(jiang)是指有(you)才(cai)華的姜(jiang)姓(xing)女子(zi)(zi)。

魯桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)三(san)年(nian)（齊僖公(gong)(gong)二(er)十二(er)年(nian)，前(qian)709年(nian)），魯桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)派公(gong)(gong)子揮(hui)到齊國迎娶文(wen)姜(jiang)為妻，并立文(wen)姜(jiang)為夫人。

魯(lu)桓(huan)公(gong)六年(nian)（齊僖公(gong)二十五(wu)年(nian)，前(qian)706年(nian)），文姜為(wei)(wei)魯(lu)桓(huan)公(gong)生(sheng)下(xia)一子(zi)，因與魯(lu)桓(huan)公(gong)同月生(sheng)日，所(suo)以取名為(wei)(wei)同，同長大(da)后(hou)立為(wei)(wei)太(tai)子(zi)（太(tai)子(zi)同）。后(hou)來，文姜再(zai)度為(wei)(wei)魯(lu)桓(huan)公(gong)生(sheng)下(xia)兒(er)子(zi)公(gong)子(zi)友。

文姜(jiang)(jiang)出(chu)嫁(jia)前(qian)，便與(yu)其兄(xiong)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)襄(xiang)(xiang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)私通。魯(lu)桓公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)十八(ba)年（齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)襄(xiang)(xiang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)四年，前(qian)694年）春天，文姜(jiang)(jiang)和魯(lu)桓公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)來(lai)到齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國，再度(du)與(yu)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)襄(xiang)(xiang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)私通。魯(lu)桓公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)得知此事后，怒責文姜(jiang)(jiang)，文姜(jiang)(jiang)將(jiang)魯(lu)桓公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)責罵告訴齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)襄(xiang)(xiang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。同年四月初十日，齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)襄(xiang)(xiang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)宴(yan)請魯(lu)桓公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)飲(yin)酒，將(jiang)魯(lu)桓公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)灌醉后，讓公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)彭(peng)生(sheng)將(jiang)魯(lu)桓公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)抱上(shang)車，并(bing)命公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)彭(peng)生(sheng)折斷魯(lu)桓公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)肋骨。魯(lu)國人(ren)告訴齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國說：“寡君畏懼齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)君的(de)威嚴，不敢安居(ju)，前(qian)來(lai)修友好之禮。禮儀完成而未能回國，沒(mei)有(you)地(di)方追究罪責，請求(qiu)得到彭(peng)生(sheng)，用他在諸侯中清除(chu)丑(chou)聞。”，齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)襄(xiang)(xiang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)于(yu)是殺死公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)彭(peng)生(sheng)來(lai)向魯(lu)國賠罪。

魯(lu)桓公(gong)(gong)死(si)后，魯(lu)國人擁(yong)立太子(zi)同繼位，是(shi)為魯(lu)莊公(gong)(gong)。文姜于(yu)是(shi)留在齊(qi)國，不敢返回魯(lu)國。文姜長期居住在齊(qi)國，后來(lai)回到(dao)魯(lu)國，但(dan)仍然(ran)常(chang)常(chang)與齊(qi)襄公(gong)(gong)相會。齊(qi)襄公(gong)(gong)后來(lai)被公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)無知派連稱殺死(si)，文姜也沒有離(li)開禚地(di)，就在那里遙遙地(di)指揮魯(lu)莊公(gong)(gong)管理政事(shi)，文姜在處理政務上展現了(le)本(ben)領。

軼事典故

齊大非偶

春秋時(shi)代(dai)初期，齊(qi)僖公的(de)兩個女兒成了(le)當時(shi)各諸侯(hou)國(guo)君侯(hou)、世子(zi)競爭(zheng)的(de)對(dui)象，他(ta)們(men)紛(fen)紛(fen)借機前往齊(qi)國(guo)都城臨淄攀(pan)扯關系，討好齊(qi)僖公，以達到娶齊(qi)氏女子(zi)的(de)目的(de)。而(er)齊(qi)文姜特別欣賞(shang)鄭(zheng)國(guo)世子(zi)姬忽，于是(shi)齊(qi)王意欲將(jiang)文姜嫁與世子(zi)姬忽。

然(ran)而鄭國的(de)世子姬以(yi)“齊(qi)大非偶(ou)”為由(you)，未答應其要求。這對齊(qi)文姜來說是莫大的(de)恥(chi)辱，終(zhong)于(yu)懨(yan)懨(yan)成病。

歷史評價

劉向《列女傳》引《詩(shi)》：“亂匪降自(zi)天，生自(zi)婦(fu)人。’此之謂也。”

劉(liu)向《列(lie)女傳(chuan)》：“文姜(jiang)淫亂，配魯桓公(gong)，與俱歸齊(qi)，齊(qi)襄淫通，俾厥(jue)彭生，摧干拉胸，維女為亂，卒成禍兇。”

《東周(zhou)列國志》：“齊僖公二(er)女，長宣姜(jiang)(jiang)，次文姜(jiang)(jiang)，宣姜(jiang)(jiang)淫于(yu)舅，文姜(jiang)(jiang)淫于(yu)兄，人倫天理(li)，至此滅(mie)絕矣！有(you)詩嘆曰：妖艷春秋首(shou)二(er)姜(jiang)(jiang)，致(zhi)令齊衛紊(wen)綱常。天生尤物殃人國，不(bu)及(ji)無鹽佐伯王！”

史籍記載

《史記·卷三十二·齊太公世(shi)家第(di)二》

《列女(nv)傳·之卷(juan)七·孽嬖傳》

家族成員

父親：齊僖公

兄弟：齊襄公諸(zhu)子(zi)、齊桓公小白、公子(zi)糾、公子(zi)彭生

丈夫：魯桓公

兒子(zi)：魯莊公、姬(ji)季友

姐姐：宣姜

藝術形象

《詩(shi)經(jing)·齊(qi)風·載驅》《詩(shi)經(jing)·齊(qi)風·敝笱》《詩(shi)經(jing)·齊(qi)風·南山(shan)》

《詩經(jing)·鄭風(feng)·有女同車》（《毛詩序》以為是(shi)刺(ci)鄭國的太子忽（即后(hou)來的鄭昭(zhao)公）不婚于(yu)齊。現代學者一(yi)般(ban)這是(shi)一(yi)對貴族青年男女的戀(lian)歌。）

1996年電視劇《東周列(lie)國·春秋篇》：龔麗君飾(shi)演文姜。