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九天玄(xuan)(xuan)女的原始(shi)形象是(shi)玄(xuan)(xuan)鳥，傳(chuan)說(shuo)她是(shi)古(gu)代(dai)(dai)王朝(chao)商朝(chao)的始(shi)祖(zu)。《詩(shi)(shi)經(jing)·商頌(song)·玄(xuan)(xuan)鳥》說(shuo)：“天命玄(xuan)(xuan)鳥，降(jiang)而生商”這是(shi)殷商后代(dai)(dai)祭祀(si)祖(zu)先的詩(shi)(shi)歌。意(yi)思是(shi)說(shuo)天帝命令(ling)玄(xuan)(xuan)鳥生下商的始(shi)祖(zu)契。玄(xuan)(xuan)鳥就是(shi)商的始(shi)祖(zu)。目前(qian)所知(zhi)最早述及玄(xuan)(xuan)女的文獻漢代(dai)(dai)緯書《龍魚(yu)河圖》載(zai)：

黃帝(di)攝政時，有蚩(chi)尤兄弟八十(shi)一人，并獸(shou)身人語，銅頭(tou)鐵額，食(shi)砂(sha)石子(zi)，造立(li)兵仗刀戟大(da)弩，威振天(tian)下，誅殺無道，不(bu)(bu)仁慈。萬民欲令黃帝(di)行天(tian)子(zi)事，黃帝(di)仁義，不(bu)(bu)能禁止(zhi)蚩(chi)尤，遂不(bu)(bu)敵。黃帝(di)仰天(tian)而嘆。天(tian)遣玄女下授(shou)黃帝(di)兵信神符，制伏(fu)蚩(chi)尤。

此(ci)處玄女(nv)乃上(shang)天之(zhi)神，雖(sui)未具體說(shuo)明是否(fou)人(ren)形，但從整(zheng)段文字看，若非人(ren)形，當有特(te)別說(shuo)明，如對蚩(chi)尤兄弟(di)之(zhi)“獸身人(ren)語”，便專門予以描(miao)述。由(you)此(ci)可知(zhi)，玄女(nv)應為“人(ren)首人(ren)形”之(zhi)神，與玄鳥(niao)之(zhi)“鳥(niao)形”無任(ren)何關系。

“九(jiu)天玄(xuan)(xuan)女(nv)”應(ying)為(wei)“九(jiu)天壬(ren)(ren)女(nv)”，該系傳抄筆誤(wu)，又因(yin)“壬(ren)(ren)”，天干第九(jiu)位，玄(xuan)(xuan)色，故(gu)名(ming)九(jiu)天壬(ren)(ren)（玄(xuan)(xuan)）女(nv)。壬(ren)(ren)女(nv)，即炎(yan)帝(di)生(sheng)母，任姒（名(ming)女(nv)登(deng)），任氏之女(nv)。炎(yan)帝(di)因(yin)任女(nv)所(suo)生(sheng)，故(gu)姓“姜”。姜姓本意(yi)為(wei)任女(nv)所(suo)生(sheng)之意(yi)。所(suo)以，九(jiu)天玄(xuan)(xuan)女(nv)就是九(jiu)天壬(ren)(ren)女(nv)。炎(yan)帝(di)之母任姒，感神龍首(shou)而生(sheng)炎(yan)帝(di)，有蟜氏之女(nv)，任姓。

上古時期的母(mu)系社會只知(zhi)其母(mu)，不(bu)知(zhi)其父(fu)，乃(nai)從女(nv)(nv)姓(xing)。炎(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)之母(mu)，乃(nai)是(shi)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)姒，名女(nv)(nv)登(deng)，任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)氏之女(nv)(nv)（有蟜氏、摯任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)氏）。炎(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)因(yin)相貌不(bu)美，其父(fu)少典(dian)不(bu)悅，將炎(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)放(fang)于東(dong)方之地。是(shi)炎(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)母(mu)親任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)姒親手養(yang)育炎(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)成人(ren)。因(yin)為他(ta)母(mu)親姓(xing)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，故(gu)(gu)首先(xian)她生(sheng)出的兒子，從母(mu)姓(xing)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，炎(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)在(zai)姜水成就，故(gu)(gu)自(zi)姓(xing)姜（任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)女(nv)(nv)所生(sheng)之意(yi)）。自(zi)伊（任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)）徙耆(qi)（姜）合稱任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)姜氏，堯之母(mu)也是(shi)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)女(nv)(nv)。

據甲骨文(wen)字義，姜是(shi)壬(ren)(ren)女（妊(ren)）所(suo)生(sheng)之意(yi)，一(yi)舉(ju)破(po)解了“姜”字本(ben)意(yi)，而任(ren)姓初文(wen)正是(shi)壬(ren)(ren)（妊(ren)），故炎(yan)帝姜姓必為任(ren)姒所(suo)生(sheng)。“姜”字的(de)(de)本(ben)意(yi)就是(shi)“任(ren)（玄）女所(suo)生(sheng)”的(de)(de)合文(wen)。故九天(tian)(tian)玄女，實(shi)乃九天(tian)(tian)壬(ren)(ren)女。

文獻記載

《古文龍虎(hu)經注(zhu)疏·卷上》：玄(xuan)女演其序章注(zhu)：玄(xuan)女乃天(tian)地之(zhi)精(jing)神(shen)，陰陽(yang)之(zhi)靈氣。神(shen)無(wu)所(suo)不(bu)(bu)通，形無(wu)所(suo)不(bu)(bu)類(lei)。知(zhi)萬物(wu)之(zhi)情(qing)，曉眾(zhong)變之(zhi)狀。為道敖之(zhi)主也。玄(xuan)女亦上古神(shen)仙，為眾(zhong)真之(zhi)長。

《紫府玄(xuan)祖(zu)法(fa)(fa)懺》：全稱“太(tai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)無極(ji)九(jiu)天(tian)紫府玄(xuan)祖(zu)至尊法(fa)(fa)懺”經文中，對于(yu)九(jiu)天(tian)玄(xuan)女(nv)的贊頌辭(ci)非常殊圣。摘錄部份如下：上(shang)(shang)(shang)極(ji)無上(shang)(shang)(shang)，乃為(wei)最上(shang)(shang)(shang)之(zhi)尊，玄(xuan)之(zhi)又玄(xuan)，斯號開(kai)玄(xuan)之(zhi)祖(zu)，自昔(xi)乾坤(kun)未(wei)辟之(zhi)前，猶是(shi)混t沌元苞之(zhi)致，無氣(qi)無象，無色無名，當是(shi)時(shi)也，蓋有(you)玄(xuan)祖(zu)....玄(xuan)祖(zu)至尊，結(jie)梵氣(qi)于(yu)太(tai)初之(zhi)年，舒至精于(yu)太(tai)始之(zhi)分，無而(er)有(you)，有(you)而(er)無，釋宗無以(yi)名空，實而(er)虛(xu)，虛(xu)而(er)實，儒踐(jian)實以(yi)成(cheng)治，是(shi)為(wei)道法(fa)(fa)之(zhi)宗。

從以上經文(wen)記載(zai)，九天(tian)(tian)(tian)玄(xuan)女實乃(nai)(nai)先天(tian)(tian)(tian)女仙(xian)，是(shi)至(zhi)真天(tian)(tian)(tian)仙(xian)，乃(nai)(nai)大(da)道衍化，南方(fang)離火炁(qi)所化生先天(tian)(tian)(tian)神(shen)仙(xian)。道教最高(gao)尊神(shen)“三清(qing)(qing)天(tian)(tian)(tian)尊”玉清(qing)(qing)、上清(qing)(qing)、太(tai)清(qing)(qing)，乃(nai)(nai)是(shi)“大(da)道之祖氣(qi)(qi)、元(yuan)始祖氣(qi)(qi)、先天(tian)(tian)(tian)元(yuan)始一氣(qi)(qi)”變化三氣(qi)(qi)為三清(qing)(qing)天(tian)(tian)(tian)尊。

道(dao)經(jing)《九天生神(shen)章(zhang)經(jing)解(jie)》所言(yan)：“以陽(yang)精之(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)化(hua)生上圣(sheng)高(gao)真，以沖(chong)靜之(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)化(hua)生元君圣(sheng)母，剛烈之(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)化(hua)生天丁力士，馀(yu)氣(qi)化(hua)育萬靈 … ” 。

《仙術秘(mi)庫·卷(juan)一》玉樞(shu)真人說：天(tian)仙者(zhe)：功成于(yu)三(san)乘之中，跡超乎三(san)乘之外，不為法(fa)拘，不為道(dao)泥，于(yu)天(tian)地有大(da)功，于(yu)今古有大(da)行， … 而(er)返三(san)清(qing)虛無(wu)自然之界(jie)。 … 傳(chuan)道(dao)人間，道(dao)上有功，人間有行，與造(zao)物而(er)同慘，經萬古而(er)不朽， … 乃為仙乘中之無(wu)上上乘。

九(jiu)(jiu)天(tian)玄女(nv)為(wei)道(dao)(dao)教所信(xin)奉，在道(dao)(dao)教地(di)位(wei)是崇高的(de)，是九(jiu)(jiu)天(tian)道(dao)(dao)法之祖，是符籙法咒之宗，成為(wei)名符其實的(de)符咒祭(ji)壇神，是女(nv)仙神系中(zhong)位(wei)階(jie)僅次于西王母的(de)女(nv)天(tian)仙，九(jiu)(jiu)天(tian)玄女(nv)是一(yi)位(wei)深諳(an)道(dao)(dao)法、軍事(shi)的(de)女(nv)神仙，但她的(de)莊(zhuang)嚴妙(miao)相卻像(xiang)是一(yi)位(wei)雍容華貴的(de)后妃。

按《天壇玉格》云：行六丁法合受九天玄女(nv)箓(lu)。

《太(tai)上正一(yi)(yi)諸品(pin)籙》曰：《太(tai)上九天玄女斬邪秘箓》一(yi)(yi)階。此箓恭行天律，部(bu)領雷兵。如有下界精邪，北陰午酉，出沒巖穴，蟠踞山林，窺闞家庭，損傷人命(ming)，神威所到，一(yi)(yi)切掃除，福佑生人，肅清魔(mo)魅，至心(xin)佩奉，感應無(wu)方。

《墉(yong)城集(ji)仙錄》記(ji)載：

正統(tong)道藏洞神部譜箓類-墉城集(ji)仙錄-前蜀-杜光庭(ting)撰卷六

九天(tian)(tian)玄(xuan)女者，黃(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)師(shi)（黃(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)曾訪拜七十二(er)位(wei)(wei)師(shi)傅先(xian)生(sheng)學問(wen)大(da)(da)道），圣母(mu)元(yuan)君弟子也。黃(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)世為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)有熊(xiong)國之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君，佐神農(nong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)理。神農(nong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)孫榆(yu)岡(gang)（榆(yu)罔）既衰，諸(zhu)侯(hou)相伐，干戈日(ri)(ri)尋，各據方(fang)色(se)，自稱五(wu)(wu)行(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)號(hao)。太(tai)嗥(hao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)自為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)青帝(di)(di)(di)(di)，榆(yu)岡(gang)神農(nong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)自號(hao)赤帝(di)(di)(di)(di)，共工之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)族自號(hao)白帝(di)(di)(di)(di)，葛天(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)自號(hao)黑(hei)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)，帝(di)(di)(di)(di)起有熊(xiong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)墟自號(hao)黃(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)。乃(nai)恭已下士側身(shen)修(xiu)德，在位(wei)(wei)二(er)十二(er)年，而(er)蚩(chi)尤(you)(you)肆孽(nie)，弟兄八(ba)(ba)十一人，獸身(shen)人語，銅頭鐵額，瞰(kan)砂(sha)吞石，不食五(wu)(wu)谷。作(zuo)五(wu)(wu)虎之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)形以(yi)(yi)(yi)害(hai)黎(li)庶，鑄(zhu)兵於葛爐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)山不察帝(di)(di)(di)(di)命(ming)(ming)。帝(di)(di)(di)(di)欲(yu)(yu)征(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，博求(qiu)賢能(neng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)己助，得(de)風后(hou)於海隅，得(de)力牧於大(da)(da)澤，以(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)鴻為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)佐，天(tian)(tian)老為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)師(shi)，署三(san)公(gong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)象三(san)臺(tai)，風后(hou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)上臺(tai)，天(tian)(tian)老為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中臺(tai)，五(wu)(wu)圣為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)下臺(tai)。始(shi)獲寶鼎(ding)不爨而(er)熟，迎日(ri)(ri)推莢，以(yi)(yi)(yi)封胡為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)將，以(yi)(yi)(yi)夫人費(fei)修(xiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)太(tai)子，用張若、堤朋、力牧、容(rong)光、龍(long)紆、倉頡、容(rong)成、大(da)(da)撓、屠龍(long)眾臣以(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)翼輔，戰(zhan)蚩(chi)尤(you)(you)於涿鹿。帝(di)(di)(di)(di)師(shi)不勝，蚩(chi)尤(you)(you)作(zuo)大(da)(da)霧三(san)日(ri)(ri)內外(wai)皆迷。風后(hou)法(fa)斗機作(zuo)大(da)(da)車，以(yi)(yi)(yi)杓(shao)指南以(yi)(yi)(yi)正(zheng)四方(fang)，帝(di)(di)(di)(di)用憂(you)憤齋于(yu)(yu)太(tai)山之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下；王母(mu)遣使披玄(xuan)狐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)衣以(yi)(yi)(yi)符授帝(di)(di)(di)(di)，曰(yue)：精思告天(tian)(tian)必(bi)有太(tai)上之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)應。居數日(ri)(ri)，大(da)(da)霧冥冥晝晦，玄(xuan)女降(jiang)焉。乘丹鳳御景云(yun)服九色(se)彩翠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)衣集于(yu)(yu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)前，帝(di)(di)(di)(di)再拜受命(ming)(ming)。玄(xuan)女曰(yue)：吾以(yi)(yi)(yi)太(tai)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)，有疑可問(wen)也。帝(di)(di)(di)(di)稽(ji)首頓首曰(yue)：蚩(chi)尤(you)(you)暴(bao)橫毒(du)害(hai)需黎(li)，四海嗷嗷莫(mo)保性命(ming)(ming)，欲(yu)(yu)萬(wan)戰(zhan)萬(wan)勝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)術，與人除害(hai)可乎(hu)？玄(xuan)女即授六甲六壬兵信之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)符，靈(ling)寶五(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)策使鬼神之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)書，制(zhi)妖通靈(ling)五(wu)(wu)明之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)印(yin)，五(wu)(wu)陰五(wu)(wu)陽遁(dun)元(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)式(shi)，太(tai)一十精四神勝負握機之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)圖，五(wu)(wu)兵河圖策精之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)訣。復率諸(zhu)侯(hou)再戰(zhan)蚩(chi)尤(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)冀(ji)州，蚩(chi)尤(you)(you)驅魑魅雜妖以(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)陣，雨師(shi)風伯以(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)衛，應龍(long)蓄(xu)水以(yi)(yi)(yi)征(zheng)於帝(di)(di)(di)(di)。帝(di)(di)(di)(di)畫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遂滅蚩(chi)尤(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)絕(jue)轡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)野中冀(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鄉(xiang)，分四冢以(yi)(yi)(yi)葬(zang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。由是榆(yu)岡(gang)拒(ju)命(ming)(ming)，又誅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)阪泉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)野，北逐塤齋，大(da)(da)定四方(fang)。步四極(ji)凡(fan)二(er)萬(wan)八(ba)(ba)千里，乃(nai)鑄(zhu)鼎(ding)立九州，置(zhi)五(wu)(wu)行(xing)(xing)九德之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣以(yi)(yi)(yi)觀天(tian)(tian)地(di)，祠萬(wan)靈(ling)垂(chui)法(fa)設教(jiao)，然后(hou)采首山之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)銅鑄(zhu)鼎(ding)於荊山之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下，黃(huang)龍(long)來迎乘龍(long)升天(tian)(tian)。