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九天玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)女的原始(shi)形(xing)象是玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)鳥(niao)，傳說(shuo)(shuo)她是古(gu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)王朝(chao)商(shang)朝(chao)的始(shi)祖。《詩(shi)經·商(shang)頌(song)·玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)鳥(niao)》說(shuo)(shuo)：“天命玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)鳥(niao)，降而生商(shang)”這是殷(yin)商(shang)后代(dai)(dai)(dai)祭祀(si)祖先的詩(shi)歌。意思(si)是說(shuo)(shuo)天帝命令玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)鳥(niao)生下商(shang)的始(shi)祖契(qi)。玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)鳥(niao)就是商(shang)的始(shi)祖。目前所知最(zui)早述及玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)女的文獻漢代(dai)(dai)(dai)緯(wei)書《龍魚河圖》載(zai)：

黃帝(di)(di)攝政時，有蚩尤兄弟八十一人，并獸身人語，銅(tong)頭鐵額，食砂(sha)石子，造立(li)兵(bing)仗刀戟大弩，威振天下，誅(zhu)殺無道(dao)，不(bu)(bu)仁(ren)慈。萬(wan)民欲令黃帝(di)(di)行天子事(shi)，黃帝(di)(di)仁(ren)義，不(bu)(bu)能禁止蚩尤，遂不(bu)(bu)敵。黃帝(di)(di)仰天而嘆。天遣(qian)玄女下授黃帝(di)(di)兵(bing)信神符，制伏蚩尤。

此(ci)處(chu)玄(xuan)女乃上(shang)天之神，雖未具體說(shuo)明是否(fou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)形，但從整段(duan)文字(zi)看，若(ruo)非人(ren)(ren)(ren)形，當(dang)有特別說(shuo)明，如對蚩尤兄弟(di)之“獸(shou)身人(ren)(ren)(ren)語”，便專門予以描述。由此(ci)可(ke)知，玄(xuan)女應為(wei)“人(ren)(ren)(ren)首人(ren)(ren)(ren)形”之神，與玄(xuan)鳥(niao)之“鳥(niao)形”無任何關系(xi)。

“九(jiu)天(tian)(tian)玄(xuan)(xuan)女(nv)”應為“九(jiu)天(tian)(tian)壬(ren)女(nv)”，該系傳(chuan)抄筆(bi)誤，又(you)因“壬(ren)”，天(tian)(tian)干第九(jiu)位，玄(xuan)(xuan)色，故(gu)名九(jiu)天(tian)(tian)壬(ren)（玄(xuan)(xuan)）女(nv)。壬(ren)女(nv)，即炎帝生母(mu)，任(ren)姒（名女(nv)登），任(ren)氏之女(nv)。炎帝因任(ren)女(nv)所生，故(gu)姓“姜”。姜姓本意為任(ren)女(nv)所生之意。所以，九(jiu)天(tian)(tian)玄(xuan)(xuan)女(nv)就是九(jiu)天(tian)(tian)壬(ren)女(nv)。炎帝之母(mu)任(ren)姒，感(gan)神龍首而生炎帝，有(you)蟜氏之女(nv)，任(ren)姓。

上古(gu)時期(qi)的母(mu)系社會(hui)只(zhi)知(zhi)其(qi)(qi)母(mu)，不(bu)知(zhi)其(qi)(qi)父(fu)，乃從女姓(xing)。炎(yan)帝(di)之(zhi)母(mu)，乃是任(ren)姒，名(ming)女登，任(ren)氏(shi)(shi)之(zhi)女（有蟜氏(shi)(shi)、摯任(ren)氏(shi)(shi)）。炎(yan)帝(di)因相貌不(bu)美，其(qi)(qi)父(fu)少典不(bu)悅，將(jiang)炎(yan)帝(di)放于東方之(zhi)地(di)。是炎(yan)帝(di)母(mu)親(qin)(qin)任(ren)姒親(qin)(qin)手養育炎(yan)帝(di)成人。因為他(ta)母(mu)親(qin)(qin)姓(xing)任(ren)，故(gu)首先(xian)她(ta)生(sheng)出的兒(er)子，從母(mu)姓(xing)任(ren)，炎(yan)帝(di)在姜水(shui)成就，故(gu)自姓(xing)姜（任(ren)女所生(sheng)之(zhi)意）。自伊（任(ren)）徙耆(qi)（姜）合稱(cheng)任(ren)姜氏(shi)(shi)，堯(yao)之(zhi)母(mu)也是任(ren)女。

據甲骨文字(zi)(zi)義(yi)，姜是壬(ren)女(nv)（妊(ren)）所生之意，一舉(ju)破解了“姜”字(zi)(zi)本意，而任姓(xing)初(chu)文正是壬(ren)（妊(ren)），故炎帝姜姓(xing)必為任姒所生。“姜”字(zi)(zi)的(de)本意就是“任（玄）女(nv)所生”的(de)合文。故九天(tian)(tian)玄女(nv)，實乃九天(tian)(tian)壬(ren)女(nv)。

文獻記載

《古文(wen)龍(long)虎(hu)經注疏·卷上(shang)》：玄女演其序章注：玄女乃天地之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)精(jing)神，陰陽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)靈氣。神無所(suo)不通，形(xing)無所(suo)不類。知萬(wan)物之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情，曉眾(zhong)(zhong)變之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)狀。為道敖之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主也。玄女亦上(shang)古神仙，為眾(zhong)(zhong)真之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)長。

《紫(zi)府玄(xuan)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)法懺(chan)》：全稱(cheng)“太上(shang)無(wu)(wu)極(ji)九(jiu)天紫(zi)府玄(xuan)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)至尊法懺(chan)”經文中，對(dui)于九(jiu)天玄(xuan)女的贊頌辭非常殊圣。摘錄部份如下：上(shang)極(ji)無(wu)(wu)上(shang)，乃為最(zui)上(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)尊，玄(xuan)之(zhi)(zhi)又玄(xuan)，斯號開玄(xuan)之(zhi)(zhi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)，自昔乾坤未辟之(zhi)(zhi)前，猶是(shi)混(hun)t沌元苞之(zhi)(zhi)致，無(wu)(wu)氣無(wu)(wu)象，無(wu)(wu)色無(wu)(wu)名，當是(shi)時也，蓋有玄(xuan)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)....玄(xuan)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)至尊，結梵氣于太初之(zhi)(zhi)年(nian)，舒至精于太始之(zhi)(zhi)分(fen)，無(wu)(wu)而有，有而無(wu)(wu)，釋宗無(wu)(wu)以(yi)名空，實(shi)(shi)而虛，虛而實(shi)(shi)，儒踐實(shi)(shi)以(yi)成治(zhi)，是(shi)為道法之(zhi)(zhi)宗。

從(cong)以上(shang)經文記載，九(jiu)天(tian)玄(xuan)女(nv)(nv)實(shi)乃(nai)(nai)先天(tian)女(nv)(nv)仙，是(shi)至真天(tian)仙，乃(nai)(nai)大道衍(yan)化(hua)，南方離火炁(qi)所(suo)化(hua)生(sheng)先天(tian)神仙。道教最高尊神“三(san)清(qing)(qing)天(tian)尊”玉清(qing)(qing)、上(shang)清(qing)(qing)、太清(qing)(qing)，乃(nai)(nai)是(shi)“大道之祖(zu)氣(qi)、元(yuan)始祖(zu)氣(qi)、先天(tian)元(yuan)始一氣(qi)”變化(hua)三(san)氣(qi)為三(san)清(qing)(qing)天(tian)尊。

道經(jing)《九天生神章經(jing)解》所(suo)言：“以(yi)陽精之(zhi)氣化(hua)生上圣高真，以(yi)沖靜之(zhi)氣化(hua)生元君圣母(mu)，剛(gang)烈之(zhi)氣化(hua)生天丁力士(shi)，馀氣化(hua)育萬靈 … ” 。

《仙術秘庫(ku)·卷一》玉樞真(zhen)人(ren)(ren)說(shuo)：天(tian)仙者：功成(cheng)于(yu)(yu)三(san)乘(cheng)之(zhi)中，跡(ji)超乎三(san)乘(cheng)之(zhi)外，不為(wei)法拘，不為(wei)道泥，于(yu)(yu)天(tian)地有大功，于(yu)(yu)今古有大行， … 而返三(san)清虛(xu)無自(zi)然之(zhi)界(jie)。 … 傳道人(ren)(ren)間(jian)，道上(shang)有功，人(ren)(ren)間(jian)有行，與造物而同慘(can)，經萬古而不朽， … 乃為(wei)仙乘(cheng)中之(zhi)無上(shang)上(shang)乘(cheng)。

九(jiu)(jiu)天(tian)玄女(nv)(nv)為道(dao)教所信奉(feng)，在道(dao)教地位(wei)是(shi)崇(chong)高的，是(shi)九(jiu)(jiu)天(tian)道(dao)法之(zhi)祖，是(shi)符(fu)(fu)籙法咒之(zhi)宗(zong)，成為名符(fu)(fu)其實的符(fu)(fu)咒祭壇神(shen)，是(shi)女(nv)(nv)仙神(shen)系中位(wei)階(jie)僅次于(yu)西王母的女(nv)(nv)天(tian)仙，九(jiu)(jiu)天(tian)玄女(nv)(nv)是(shi)一位(wei)深(shen)諳道(dao)法、軍(jun)事(shi)的女(nv)(nv)神(shen)仙，但她的莊嚴妙相(xiang)卻像是(shi)一位(wei)雍容華貴的后妃。

按《天(tian)壇玉格(ge)》云：行六丁法合受九天(tian)玄女箓。

《太(tai)上(shang)正一諸品(pin)籙(lu)》曰：《太(tai)上(shang)九天玄女斬邪秘箓(lu)》一階(jie)。此箓(lu)恭行(xing)天律，部領(ling)雷兵。如有下界精邪，北陰(yin)午酉，出(chu)沒巖穴，蟠踞山林，窺闞家庭(ting)，損(sun)傷人命，神(shen)威所到，一切(qie)掃除，福佑生人，肅清(qing)魔(mo)魅，至心佩奉(feng)，感應(ying)無方。

《墉(yong)城(cheng)集仙錄》記載：

正(zheng)統道藏洞(dong)神(shen)部譜箓(lu)類-墉城(cheng)集仙錄-前蜀-杜光庭撰卷六

九(jiu)(jiu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)玄(xuan)女(nv)(nv)者，黃帝(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)師（黃帝(di)(di)(di)(di)曾訪拜七十(shi)二(er)位(wei)師傅先生學問(wen)大(da)道(dao)），圣(sheng)母元(yuan)君(jun)弟子(zi)(zi)也(ye)。黃帝(di)(di)(di)(di)世為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)有(you)熊(xiong)國之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)，佐神(shen)農(nong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)理。神(shen)農(nong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)孫榆(yu)岡(gang)(gang)(gang)（榆(yu)罔）既(ji)衰(shuai)，諸侯相伐，干戈(ge)日(ri)尋，各據方色(se)，自稱五(wu)(wu)行之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)號。太(tai)嗥之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)自為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)青帝(di)(di)(di)(di)，榆(yu)岡(gang)(gang)(gang)神(shen)農(nong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)自號赤帝(di)(di)(di)(di)，共工(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)族自號白(bai)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)，葛天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)自號黑帝(di)(di)(di)(di)，帝(di)(di)(di)(di)起有(you)熊(xiong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)墟(xu)自號黃帝(di)(di)(di)(di)。乃恭(gong)已下士側身(shen)修(xiu)德，在位(wei)二(er)十(shi)二(er)年，而(er)蚩(chi)尤(you)肆孽，弟兄八十(shi)一(yi)人(ren)，獸身(shen)人(ren)語，銅(tong)頭鐵(tie)額，瞰砂(sha)吞石，不(bu)食五(wu)(wu)谷。作五(wu)(wu)虎之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)形(xing)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)害(hai)黎(li)庶，鑄(zhu)兵(bing)(bing)於(wu)(wu)(wu)葛爐(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)山不(bu)察(cha)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)命。帝(di)(di)(di)(di)欲(yu)征之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，博(bo)求賢能以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)己助，得風后(hou)於(wu)(wu)(wu)海隅，得力牧於(wu)(wu)(wu)大(da)澤，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)鴻(hong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)佐，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)老為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)師，署三(san)公以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)象三(san)臺(tai)(tai)，風后(hou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)上臺(tai)(tai)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)老為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中臺(tai)(tai)，五(wu)(wu)圣(sheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)下臺(tai)(tai)。始獲寶(bao)鼎不(bu)爨而(er)熟，迎(ying)日(ri)推莢，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)封(feng)胡(hu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)將，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)夫(fu)人(ren)費修(xiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)太(tai)子(zi)(zi)，用(yong)張若、堤朋(peng)、力牧、容光、龍(long)(long)紆、倉頡、容成、大(da)撓、屠龍(long)(long)眾(zhong)臣以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)翼輔，戰(zhan)(zhan)蚩(chi)尤(you)於(wu)(wu)(wu)涿鹿。帝(di)(di)(di)(di)師不(bu)勝，蚩(chi)尤(you)作大(da)霧(wu)(wu)三(san)日(ri)內外皆迷(mi)。風后(hou)法(fa)斗機作大(da)車，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)杓指南以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)正四(si)方，帝(di)(di)(di)(di)用(yong)憂(you)憤齋(zhai)于(yu)太(tai)山之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下；王母遣使披玄(xuan)狐(hu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)衣(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)符(fu)授(shou)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)，曰：精思告天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)必有(you)太(tai)上之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)應(ying)。居數日(ri)，大(da)霧(wu)(wu)冥冥晝晦，玄(xuan)女(nv)(nv)降(jiang)焉(yan)。乘丹鳳御(yu)景云服九(jiu)(jiu)色(se)彩翠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)衣(yi)集于(yu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)前(qian)，帝(di)(di)(di)(di)再拜受命。玄(xuan)女(nv)(nv)曰：吾以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)太(tai)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教，有(you)疑可(ke)問(wen)也(ye)。帝(di)(di)(di)(di)稽(ji)首頓首曰：蚩(chi)尤(you)暴橫毒害(hai)需黎(li)，四(si)海嗷嗷莫保性命，欲(yu)萬(wan)(wan)戰(zhan)(zhan)萬(wan)(wan)勝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)術，與人(ren)除害(hai)可(ke)乎？玄(xuan)女(nv)(nv)即(ji)授(shou)六甲六壬兵(bing)(bing)信之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)符(fu)，靈寶(bao)五(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)策(ce)使鬼神(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)書，制妖(yao)通靈五(wu)(wu)明之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)印，五(wu)(wu)陰五(wu)(wu)陽遁元(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)式，太(tai)一(yi)十(shi)精四(si)神(shen)勝負握機之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)圖(tu)，五(wu)(wu)兵(bing)(bing)河圖(tu)策(ce)精之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)訣。復率(lv)諸侯再戰(zhan)(zhan)蚩(chi)尤(you)于(yu)冀(ji)州(zhou)，蚩(chi)尤(you)驅魑魅雜妖(yao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)陣，雨師風伯(bo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)衛，應(ying)龍(long)(long)蓄水以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)征於(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)。帝(di)(di)(di)(di)畫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遂滅蚩(chi)尤(you)于(yu)絕轡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)野(ye)中冀(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鄉(xiang)，分四(si)冢以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)葬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。由是榆(yu)岡(gang)(gang)(gang)拒命，又誅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)阪泉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)野(ye)，北逐塤齋(zhai)，大(da)定四(si)方。步四(si)極凡二(er)萬(wan)(wan)八千里，乃鑄(zhu)鼎立九(jiu)(jiu)州(zhou)，置五(wu)(wu)行九(jiu)(jiu)德之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)觀天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地，祠萬(wan)(wan)靈垂法(fa)設教，然(ran)后(hou)采首山之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)銅(tong)鑄(zhu)鼎於(wu)(wu)(wu)荊(jing)山之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下，黃龍(long)(long)來迎(ying)乘龍(long)(long)升天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。