東昌古城即聊城古城,統稱為山東聊城古城。東昌古城被世界較寬,面積較大的護城河東昌湖所環繞,北宋時期的城垣。城呈正方形,總面積約1平方公里。古(gu)城特色有:光岳樓、山陜會(hui)館(guan)、東昌湖(hu)等。
城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)始建于(yu)宋熙寧三年(1070),初為土(tu)城(cheng)(cheng)。明洪(hong)武五年(1372),東昌平(ping)山(shan)衛指揮僉事陳鏞(yong)改筑(zhu)為磚(zhuan)城(cheng)(cheng)。城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)周長(chang)3.5千米(mi),高(gao)11.7米(mi),頂寬6.7米(mi),基厚(hou)11.7米(mi)。內墻(qiang)用三合土(tu)夯筑(zhu),外(wai)墻(qiang)用磚(zhuan)石砌(qi)壘。城(cheng)(cheng)設4門(men),上(shang)筑(zhu)門(men)樓(lou)(lou),外(wai)設甕城(cheng)(cheng)。南(nan)(nan)(nan)、東、西(xi)(xi)甕城(cheng)(cheng)為扭頭門(men),南(nan)(nan)(nan)門(men)東向(xiang)似(si)鳳頭,東、西(xi)(xi)門(men)南(nan)(nan)(nan)向(xiang)似(si)鳳翅,北(bei)門(men)北(bei)向(xiang)似(si)鳳尾(wei),故名“鳳凰(huang)城(cheng)(cheng)”。四(si)城(cheng)(cheng)門(men)樓(lou)(lou)皆重(zhong)檐歇山(shan),四(si)角(jiao)飛(fei)翹,東曰(yue)(yue)“春熙”,西(xi)(xi)曰(yue)(yue)“清遠”,南(nan)(nan)(nan)曰(yue)(yue)“正德”,北(bei)曰(yue)(yue)“宣武”。明萬歷七年(1579),城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)上(shang)又建垛(duo)口2700余(yu)個、敵(di)樓(lou)(lou)27座;4城(cheng)(cheng)門(men)樓(lou)(lou)更名,東曰(yue)(yue)“寅賓(bin)”,西(xi)(xi)曰(yue)(yue)“納日”,南(nan)(nan)(nan)曰(yue)(yue)“南(nan)(nan)(nan)熏”,北(bei)曰(yue)(yue)“鎖(suo)鑰(yao)”。各個城(cheng)(cheng)門(men)均有水門(men)、吊橋(qiao)。城(cheng)(cheng)東北(bei)角(jiao)、西(xi)(xi)北(bei)角(jiao)原有“望岳(yue)”“綠云”2樓(lou)(lou)。城(cheng)(cheng)高(gao)大(da)堅(jian)固,易守難攻,大(da)有高(gao)屋建瓴、睥(pi)睨四(si)鄰之勢,又有“能陷不失的鳳凰(huang)城(cheng)(cheng)”之說。
1947年1月聊城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)解(jie)放(fang),為(wei)(wei)(wei)防止敵軍(jun)重占,遂將城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)拆除(chu)。現僅(jin)存城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)墻(qiang)(qiang)基,并被辟為(wei)(wei)(wei)環繞(rao)古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)道路(lu)。光岳樓仍高高矗立于古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中央。以光岳樓為(wei)(wei)(wei)中心,向(xiang)四(si)面輻射(she),形成(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)西(xi)南北4條大(da)(da)街(jie)。4條大(da)(da)街(jie)向(xiang)外延伸,依次有東(dong)、西(xi)、南、北4口、4門(men)、4關。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)(qu)街(jie)道,經緯分明,垂直交叉,形成(cheng)(cheng)棋盤(pan)方格網狀骨架。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)(qu)民居(ju)多為(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)合院(yuan)、四(si)合院(yuan),至今保留著白(bai)墻(qiang)(qiang)、灰瓦、坡屋(wu)頂的(de)傳(chuan)統建筑風格。古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)以東(dong),是運(yun)河(he)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)(qu),為(wei)(wei)(wei)明清(qing)時期發展(zhan)起(qi)來(lai)的(de)商埠區(qu)(qu)。這一(yi)帶的(de)街(jie)巷多布列在運(yun)河(he)兩岸,隨坡就勢,依河(he)而(er)建,大(da)(da)小(xiao)街(jie)衢(qu)皆與(yu)運(yun)河(he)相(xiang)通,形成(cheng)(cheng)放(fang)射(she)狀骨架。其(qi)街(jie)巷今仍沿用原來(lai)的(de)名稱。如南順河(he)街(jie)、北順河(he)街(jie)、館驛街(jie)等;沿河(he)民居(ju)多為(wei)(wei)(wei)前店后居(ju)、板門(men)小(xiao)院(yuan)。古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隔東(dong)昌(chang)湖(hu)與(yu)聊城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)新(xin)區(qu)(qu)緊(jin)密(mi)相(xiang)連。從空中俯瞰,湖(hu)水像一(yi)幅巨大(da)(da)的(de)緞(duan)帶環繞(rao)古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),古(gu)老的(de)大(da)(da)運(yun)河(he)似玉帶在古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)(qu)蜿(wan)蜒而(er)過,鐵(tie)塔、光岳樓、山(shan)陜會館如明珠閃(shan)爍于城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中湖(hu)畔。
歷史的淵(yuan)源給東昌古(gu)(gu)城留下了繁多的文化(hua)藝術和生(sheng)活氣息。民間剪紙、東昌葫蘆、木版年(nian)畫等民間藝術,還有古(gu)(gu)城的狀(zhuang)元(yuan)街(jie)(jie)、考院街(jie)(jie)、十縣胡同、火(huo)神(shen)廟街(jie)(jie)、關帝(di)廟街(jie)(jie)等傳(chuan)統(tong)風貌街(jie)(jie)……提起這些(xie)文化(hua)見證,古(gu)(gu)城老居民津津樂(le)道。
古城(cheng)區共(gong)有九街十八巷、七十二胡同。明清時期,大部(bu)(bu)分(fen)政府(fu)職能(neng)部(bu)(bu)門集中在古城(cheng)的西北部(bu)(bu)。直到現在,老(lao)人(ren)們還可以很容易地指出哪里是道署衙門,哪里是文(wen)廟,哪里是驛所。而在老(lao)城(cheng)的南半(ban)部(bu)(bu),居住的都是當(dang)年的大戶(hu)人(ren)家,一(yi)些(xie)街道也就因附近的寺(si)廟和(he)人(ren)家得名(ming)。
東(dong)昌府在明、清時(shi)期曾(ceng)為(wei)古運(yun)河(he)沿線九大商埠之(zhi)一(yi)(yi),被(bei)譽為(wei)“漕(cao)挽之(zhi)咽(yan)喉(hou),天都(dou)之(zhi)肘腋,江北一(yi)(yi)都(dou)會”。明清兩代東(dong)昌府得(de)益于京杭大運(yun)河(he)漕(cao)運(yun)而興盛,經濟繁榮、文化昌盛達400年之(zhi)久。而乾(qian)隆皇帝御筆題名的天下第一(yi)(yi)樓——光岳樓,是康乾(qian)盛世康熙(xi)帝四次(ci)駕臨(lin)、乾(qian)隆帝九次(ci)駐蹕的地方。
如今(jin)的(de)東(dong)昌古城(cheng)(cheng),依然(ran)保(bao)持(chi)著原有的(de)城(cheng)(cheng)市格局——4條經(jing)緯分明的(de)古老街道向四(si)處(chu)延(yan)伸,通過(guo)長長的(de)拱橋與湖(hu)對岸連(lian)接。從第一(yi)(yi)次古城(cheng)(cheng)規劃算起,五十多(duo)年來,東(dong)昌古城(cheng)(cheng)特色格局基本沒有改變(bian),這在(zai)(zai)各地古城(cheng)(cheng)保(bao)護(hu)行(xing)列中(zhong)稱得上是一(yi)(yi)個“奇跡”。在(zai)(zai)齊(qi)魯大地有一(yi)(yi)座被譽(yu)為“東(dong)方(fang)威尼斯”、“中(zhong)國江北水城(cheng)(cheng)”的(de)鳳凰古城(cheng)(cheng),方(fang)方(fang)正正、狀如棋盤,在(zai)(zai)環(huan)城(cheng)(cheng)湖(hu)的(de)環(huan)繞下,悠然(ran)而(er)寧(ning)靜地漂浮在(zai)(zai)千頃碧波之上……
滄(cang)海桑田,千百年來,隨著時代的(de)變遷早已是換了人(ren)間,而臥榻于黃河下游的(de)聊城依然保留(liu)著它原有(you)的(de)古樸(pu)。這(zhe)座被世人(ren)譽(yu)為(wei)東方(fang)威尼斯的(de)中(zhong)國江北(bei)水(shui)城,以它獨(du)有(you)的(de)城中(zhong)有(you)水(shui)、水(shui)中(zhong)有(you)城的(de)優勢吸引著天(tian)下游人(ren)。
悠久的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi)為(wei)聊城留下(xia)了眾多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)景觀,光(guang)岳曉晴、巢父遺牧、崇武連墻、綠云春(chun)曙、古(gu)(gu)秋鋪瓊、圣泉(quan)攜雨、仙閣云護(hu)、鐵塔(ta)煙霏合稱(cheng)八大勝景。今存(cun)聊城古(gu)(gu)建筑光(guang)岳樓與山(shan)陜會館均于(yu)(yu)1956年被山(shan)東(dong)省列為(wei)省文物重(zhong)點(dian)保護(hu)單(dan)位。馳(chi)名(ming)中外(wai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)京(jing)杭(hang)大運(yun)河(he)象一條游龍越境而(er)過。江北較大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人造湖東(dong)昌湖,猶如錦帶環抱古(gu)(gu)城。光(guang)岳樓,沖(chong)漢凌空(kong),氣勢(shi)雄偉(wei)為(wei)魯西(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一大奇觀。山(shan)陜會館構筑巧妙,富(fu)麗堂皇建于(yu)(yu)宋(song)金之際(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鐵塔(ta),俊崇渾樸為(wei)聊城古(gu)(gu)老(lao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)象征。藏書甲天下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)海源閣古(gu)(gu)樸莊重(zhong)藏書宏富(fu),為(wei)清(qing)(qing)代(dai)著名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)4大私人藏書樓之一。初建于(yu)(yu)北宋(song)末年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)獅子樓,雕(diao)梁畫棟,因傳說武松在此(ci)斗殺(sha)西(xi)門慶而(er)聞(wen)名(ming)海內外(wai)。造型獨特(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)臨清(qing)(qing)清(qing)(qing)真寺、雄偉(wei)壯(zhuang)觀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)舍(she)利塔(ta)、坐落于(yu)(yu)東(dong)阿(a)魚山(shan)西(xi)麓的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)曹(cao)植墓、聞(wen)名(ming)遐(xia)邇的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)武松打虎(hu)處-景陽(yang)岡無不(bu)凝(ning)聚(ju)著先人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)智(zhi)慧標志著歷史(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文明閃爍(shuo)著中華(hua)民(min)族文化藝(yi)術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)燦爛(lan)異彩。
聊城光(guang)岳(yue)(yue)樓位于古(gu)城中(zhong)(zhong)央,建于明洪(hong)武(wu)七(qi)年(nian)(1374年(nian)),其(qi)通高33米,合(he)九丈九尺(chi),是極陽之數,合(he)于易理(li);分五層而建,暗(an)對(dui)河洛之數。光(guang)岳(yue)(yue)樓是歷(li)史文(wen)化名城聊城的(de)(de)標志性建筑,也是目前中(zhong)(zhong)國現存的(de)(de)高大、古(gu)老的(de)(de)古(gu)樓閣(ge)之一,是全(quan)國重點文(wen)物保護單位。
聊城光(guang)岳(yue)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)由當時(shi)的(de)(de)東昌(chang)衛守(shou)御指揮僉(qian)事陳鏞出(chu)于“嚴更(geng)漏而(er)窺敵望遠”的(de)(de)軍事需要用(yong)修城所剩(sheng)余(yu)的(de)(de)木(mu)料修建的(de)(de),當時(shi),人們(men)稱(cheng)它為(wei)“余(yu)木(mu)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)”。又(you)因(yin)此(ci)(ci)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)有(you)鼓(gu)聲報時(shi)的(de)(de)功能(neng),人們(men)也稱(cheng)之(zhi)為(wei)“鼓(gu)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)”。明成化(hua)二十(shi)二年(1486年),知府(fu)楊能(neng)在維修該(gai)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)時(shi),因(yin)地而(er)名,稱(cheng)之(zhi)為(wei)“東昌(chang)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)”。明弘(hong)治九年(1496年),吏(li)部(bu)考功員外郎李贊過(guo)東昌(chang),訪太守(shou)金天(tian)錫先(xian)生,共(gong)登此(ci)(ci)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou),對該(gai)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)贊嘆不(bu)(bu)已,“因(yin)嘆斯樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou),天(tian)下所無,雖黃(huang)鶴、岳(yue)陽亦(yi)當望拜。及(ji)今百(bai)年矣,尚(shang)寞落無名稱(cheng),不(bu)(bu)亦(yi)屈(qu)乎。因(yin)與天(tian)錫評命之(zhi)曰‘光(guang)岳(yue)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)’,取其近魯有(you)光(guang)于岱岳(yue)也”。此(ci)(ci)后,歷(li)代重修碑(bei)記中(zhong),一直沿(yan)用(yong)“光(guang)岳(yue)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)”的(de)(de)名稱(cheng)。光(guang)岳(yue)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)外觀為(wei)四重檐(yan)歇山十(shi)字脊過(guo)街式樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)閣,從構造(zao)上(shang)可分為(wei)墩臺和主樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)兩(liang)大部(bu)分。
墩臺(tai)(tai)為(wei)磚石砌成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)四(si)棱臺(tai)(tai),底邊(bian)長34.43米(mi)(mi),與(yu)(yu)光岳(yue)樓的(de)(de)(de)(de)總高度(du)相(xiang)(xiang)近,垂直(zhi)高度(du)9.38米(mi)(mi)。臺(tai)(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)東(dong)、西(xi)、南(nan)(nan)、北(bei)四(si)面中(zhong)(zhong)部,各(ge)設有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)半券(quan)(quan)拱(gong)門(men)(men)(men)(men),券(quan)(quan)至臺(tai)(tai)中(zhong)(zhong)心處成(cheng)(cheng)十(shi)字(zi)交叉拱(gong)。四(si)個券(quan)(quan)門(men)(men)(men)(men)上方,各(ge)砌有(you)方形(xing)門(men)(men)(men)(men)額。南(nan)(nan)曰(yue):“文明”,北(bei)曰(yue):“武定”,東(dong)曰(yue):“太平”,西(xi)曰(yue):“興(xing)禮”。值得(de)注(zhu)意(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi),北(bei)門(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“武定”帶有(you)濃郁(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)軍事色(se)彩,應與(yu)(yu)明朝建國初期對北(bei)方蒙古(gu)殘存勢力還抱有(you)戒心有(you)關(guan)。在(zai)南(nan)(nan)向拱(gong)門(men)(men)(men)(men)兩側(ce)(ce),又各(ge)開一(yi)(yi)(yi)小拱(gong)門(men)(men)(men)(men),形(xing)制與(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)間拱(gong)門(men)(men)(men)(men)相(xiang)(xiang)似,東(dong)側(ce)(ce)小門(men)(men)(men)(men)門(men)(men)(men)(men)額用(yong)青(qing)石刻成(cheng)(cheng),上書“鳳城仙(xian)闕(que)”,西(xi)側(ce)(ce)刻有(you)“閬苑瀛(ying)洲(zhou)”。“鳳城仙(xian)闕(que)”中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“鳳城”,取名于聊城舊有(you)鳳凰落(luo)古(gu)城的(de)(de)(de)(de)傳說(shuo)(shuo)。“仙(xian)闕(que)”,這里指神(shen)仙(xian)所住(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)處。讀來意(yi)境縹緲,給人(ren)以(yi)仙(xian)山瓊閣的(de)(de)(de)(de)聯想。“閬苑瀛(ying)洲(zhou)”中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“閬苑”,即傳說(shuo)(shuo)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)神(shen)仙(xian)住(zhu)處。“瀛(ying)洲(zhou)”,指傳說(shuo)(shuo)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)仙(xian)島。兩額雖不(bu)相(xiang)(xiang)同(tong),卻都在(zai)烘托超然物(wu)外的(de)(de)(de)(de)仙(xian)境氣氛。西(xi)門(men)(men)(men)(men)為(wei)假門(men)(men)(men)(men),只存形(xing)式(shi),以(yi)求和(he)東(dong)門(men)(men)(men)(men)相(xiang)(xiang)稱。東(dong)門(men)(men)(men)(men)則(ze)是(shi)登樓的(de)(de)(de)(de)惟一(yi)(yi)(yi)通(tong)道(dao)。門(men)(men)(men)(men)寬3.14米(mi)(mi),拱(gong)高1.75米(mi)(mi)。而實際使用(yong)仍顯過大,于是(shi)在(zai)券(quan)(quan)內另砌小券(quan)(quan),門(men)(men)(men)(men)洞寬僅1.86米(mi)(mi)。踏門(men)(men)(men)(men)而人(ren),門(men)(men)(men)(men)內為(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)方室,東(dong)設踏跺,升四(si)級至梯臺(tai)(tai),南(nan)(nan)壁(bi)有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)小窗(chuang),以(yi)供(gong)通(tong)風采光之(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)。游人(ren)可(ke)借光北(bei)轉,信步攀37級而到(dao)達平臺(tai)(tai)。平臺(tai)(tai)面積不(bu)大,卻可(ke)駐足小憩。游人(ren)到(dao)此(ci)多有(you)停留休息。然后再升15級到(dao)達臺(tai)(tai)面。
臺面上(shang)修一敞(chang)軒(xuan),以防(fang)雨水侵(qin)入梯臺。其建筑(zhu)年代為(wei)清乾(qian)隆年間(jian),位(wei)置恰在樓東之中軸線(xian)上(shang),由于東門為(wei)主要大道,增其建筑(zhu)以為(wei)標志。敞(chang)軒(xuan)面闊5間(jian),進深3間(jian),單檐歇山(shan)卷棚頂,輕(qing)巧明快。在敞(chang)軒(xuan)樓梯口(kou)處(chu)掛有(you)當代著名(ming)書法名(ming)家啟功先生所題(ti)寫(xie)的“共登青云梯”木刻匾額,字(zi)體清秀,筆力遒勁(jing)。臺面墁磚,繞以女(nv)兒墻(qiang),東西兩(liang)側設(she)有(you)排水道。站在墻(qiang)邊,舉目(mu)(mu)四眺(tiao):遙瞻東南,岱(dai)岳峰巒,若(ruo)隱若(ruo)現;放眼南望,岸堤垂(chui)柳,菡萏滿(man)湖;縱目(mu)(mu)北矚(zhu),綠(lv)樹掩映,瓦舍叢簇;仰視城外,阡(qian)陌縱橫,柳暗花(hua)明;回首俯視,東昌湖水宛若(ruo)錦(jin)帶,環抱古(gu)城,湖城一色,饒(rao)有(you)佳趣。
登(deng)上樓(lou)基,便可見(jian)四(si)層(ceng)(ceng)主樓(lou)筑于高臺之上,且全為(wei)木質結(jie)構(gou)(gou)。方(fang)形(xing)樓(lou)體外(wai)(wai)(wai)繞以圍廊(lang),高約24米。共有(you)金柱(zhu)192根,斗(dou)拱200朵。第(di)一層(ceng)(ceng)樓(lou)的地面(mian)比臺面(mian)略高,呈正(zheng)方(fang)形(xing),四(si)周砌(qi)以條石(shi),面(mian)闊進深皆為(wei)5間(jian),用內外(wai)(wai)(wai)雙槽柱(zhu),外(wai)(wai)(wai)加圍廊(lang),結(jie)構(gou)(gou)清爽(shuang)明了。墻表面(mian)飾(shi)紅堊,內側(ce)無粉(fen)飾(shi),呈露清水磚墻面(mian)。樓(lou)四(si)面(mian)明間(jian)均(jun)設板門兩扇(shan),古樸典(dian)雅(ya)。
碑(bei)(bei)廊是由(you)7通立碑(bei)(bei)、15塊(kuai)壁碑(bei)(bei)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)。除(chu)了兩塊(kuai)壁碑(bei)(bei)嵌在(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)內壁外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai),其(qi)余(yu)20塊(kuai)都在(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)檐下或(huo)是外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)壁上。觀其(qi)內容,或(huo)為(wei)修(xiu)葺勒石,或(huo)為(wei)詩(shi)文(wen),有著極高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)歷史、文(wen)學和(he)藝術價(jia)值。其(qi)中,乾隆(long)詩(shi)碑(bei)(bei)是其(qi)中的(de)(de)(de)精品(pin)。乾隆(long)詩(shi)碑(bei)(bei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)共(gong)有兩塊(kuai),一(yi)(yi)(yi)通立在(zai)東(dong)(dong)門(men)(men)(men)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)北(bei),刻有乾隆(long)于庚子年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1780年(nian)(nian)(nian))、甲辰年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1784年(nian)(nian)(nian))、庚戌(xu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1790年(nian)(nian)(nian)),三(san)次御(yu)制詩(shi)章共(gong)七首。另(ling)一(yi)(yi)(yi)塊(kuai)為(wei)壁碑(bei)(bei),嵌在(zai)南(nan)門(men)(men)(men)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)東(dong)(dong)壁上,刻有乾隆(long)丙申(shen)(1776年(nian)(nian)(nian)),御(yu)制詩(shi)作(zuo)(zuo)二(er)(er)首。此(ci)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai),還(huan)(huan)包括一(yi)(yi)(yi)些重(zhong)(zhong)修(xiu)光(guang)(guang)岳樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)的(de)(de)(de)碑(bei)(bei)文(wen),是研究(jiu)光(guang)(guang)岳樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)建筑的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要史料。《重(zhong)(zhong)修(xiu)東(dong)(dong)昌府并(bing)光(guang)(guang)岳樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)記(ji)(ji)》碑(bei)(bei)立于南(nan)門(men)(men)(men)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai),為(wei)清(qing)順治五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1649年(nian)(nian)(nian)),清(qing)代(dai)(dai)開國狀(zhuang)元,康熙之(zhi)師傅以(yi)漸書丹。此(ci)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai),還(huan)(huan)有由(you)聊(liao)城進(jin)士(shi)、戶部(bu)主事梁璽撰寫的(de)(de)(de)明成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)化(hua)二(er)(er)十二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1488年(nian)(nian)(nian))的(de)(de)(de)《重(zhong)(zhong)修(xiu)東(dong)(dong)昌樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)記(ji)(ji)》碑(bei)(bei);由(you)聊(liao)城進(jin)士(shi)、禮部(bu)右侍郎許成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)名(ming)于明嘉靖(jing)十三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1534年(nian)(nian)(nian))撰寫的(de)(de)(de)《重(zhong)(zhong)修(xiu)光(guang)(guang)岳樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)記(ji)(ji)》;由(you)時任湖(hu)北(bei)安襄(xiang)荊鄖道員(yuan)、海源閣創(chuang)建人(ren)楊以(yi)增撰寫于清(qing)道光(guang)(guang)二(er)(er)十年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1840年(nian)(nian)(nian))的(de)(de)(de)《重(zhong)(zhong)修(xiu)光(guang)(guang)岳樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)記(ji)(ji)》碑(bei)(bei)分別立于東(dong)(dong)門(men)(men)(men)以(yi)及四門(men)(men)(men)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)。在(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)的(de)(de)(de)東(dong)(dong)門(men)(men)(men)額上,還(huan)(huan)懸有一(yi)(yi)(yi)木質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)“泰岱東(dong)(dong)來作(zuo)(zuo)翠(cui)屏”橫(heng)匾(bian),白地黑字(zi),為(wei)清(qing)代(dai)(dai)山東(dong)(dong)學使(shi)施閏章題寫。
一(yi)樓(lou)門(men)內北面,在(zai)明(ming)間檐柱與金(jin)柱穿插(cha)枋(fang)上(shang)設著魯(lu)班(ban)(ban)(ban)神(shen)(shen)龕。龕內有(you)魯(lu)班(ban)(ban)(ban)神(shen)(shen)像。之所(suo)(suo)以供奉魯(lu)班(ban)(ban)(ban),一(yi)是因為(wei)魯(lu)班(ban)(ban)(ban)是木(mu)匠的(de)(de)祖師(shi),光(guang)岳樓(lou)主樓(lou)為(wei)木(mu)質(zhi)結構(gou),意為(wei)建造技(ji)術高超堪稱(cheng)魯(lu)班(ban)(ban)(ban)神(shen)(shen)工(gong)。魯(lu)班(ban)(ban)(ban)龕上(shang),懸掛著“巧奪天(tian)工(gong)”的(de)(de)木(mu)質(zhi)匾額(e),白底黑(hei)字,為(wei)清代最后(hou)一(yi)個皇帝溥儀之弟(di)溥杰(jie)(jie)所(suo)(suo)題(ti)。在(zai)魯(lu)班(ban)(ban)(ban)神(shen)(shen)龕左右金(jin)柱上(shang),還木(mu)刻有(you)原(yuan)聊城縣長孫桐峰撰文,蔣(jiang)維崧(song)先生重(zhong)書(shu)的(de)(de)楹聯一(yi)副:“泰山東峙,黃河西(xi)臨,岳色濤(tao)聲(sheng),憑欄把酒無(wu)限好;層臺射書(shu),微鄉明(ming)志,人杰(jie)(jie)地靈,登樓(lou)懷古有(you)余馨”。
二層樓(lou)(lou)內有文(wen)(wen)(wen)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)閣,很(hen)值得游人駐足。文(wen)(wen)(wen)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)閣是由板壁(bi)圍(wei)成的(de)一個(ge)長(chang)方(fang)形(xing)室,其中又(you)分為(wei)大、小間,周圍(wei)金柱。方(fang)室南向中間辟門(men),左右開圓窗。仰視之(zhi)上(shang)為(wei)空(kong)井,可見(jian)四層梁架。此室過(guo)去為(wei)供“文(wen)(wen)(wen)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)帝君”之(zhi)用,故名文(wen)(wen)(wen)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)閣。清代(dai)乾隆皇(huang)帝七下(xia)江南,六次(ci)東(dong)巡(xun),九次(ci)過(guo)東(dong)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)府,五次(ci)登光(guang)岳(yue)樓(lou)(lou),并多次(ci)住在文(wen)(wen)(wen)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)閣內,曾先(xian)后為(wei)光(guang)岳(yue)樓(lou)(lou)賦詩十三首。因此,文(wen)(wen)(wen)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)閣也叫“乾隆行宮”。現在閣內塑有乾隆像,以示紀念。在文(wen)(wen)(wen)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)閣門(men)額(e)(e)上(shang),懸有中國(guo)(guo)近代(dai)史學(xue)家郭沫若先(xian)生題(ti)寫的(de)“光(guang)岳(yue)樓(lou)(lou)”匾(bian)額(e)(e)。白底(di)黑字(zi),長(chang)1.2米(mi)(mi),寬0.5米(mi)(mi)。在文(wen)(wen)(wen)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)閣門(men)兩側(ce),還有中國(guo)(guo)著名史學(xue)家、書(shu)法家豐子(zi)愷題(ti)寫的(de)藏(zang)頭楹聯一副:“光(guang)前(qian)垂后勞(lao)動人民(min)智慧無極(ji);岳(yue)峻樓(lou)(lou)高(gao)偉大祖國(guo)(guo)文(wen)(wen)(wen)物永昌(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)”。“文(wen)(wen)(wen)明景運”匾(bian)額(e)(e)懸于文(wen)(wen)(wen)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)閣外北壁(bi)上(shang),木質,長(chang)重1.5米(mi)(mi),高(gao)0.6米(mi)(mi),白底(di)黑字(zi),為(wei)清翰林院庶吉(ji)士、國(guo)(guo)史館(guan)協修撰(zhuan)修朱學(xue)篤所題(ti)。
在二樓的四個檐(yan)下(xia)(xia),還分別懸(xuan)掛四方木質長3米,高1.4米的匾額。南面檐(yan)下(xia)(xia)懸(xuan)有“神(shen)光鐘瑛”匾,為(wei)(wei)清(qing)康(kang)(kang)熙皇帝所題,邊緣裝飾(shi)有龍紋、玉璽、藍底(di)金字(zi)(zi)。北檐(yan)下(xia)(xia)懸(xuan)有中國著名歷史學(xue)(xue)家(jia)、考古學(xue)(xue)家(jia)郭沫(mo)若先生為(wei)(wei)紀念光岳樓落成600周(zhou)年(nian)(nian)于1974年(nian)(nian)題寫的“光岳樓”匾,白(bai)底(di)黑(hei)字(zi)(zi),氣勢磅礴。東面檐(yan)下(xia)(xia)懸(xuan)“太平(ping)樓閣”匾,為(wei)(wei)清(qing)康(kang)(kang)熙六(liu)十年(nian)(nian)(1721年(nian)(nian))“字(zi)(zi)壓天下(xia)(xia)”的聊城籍(ji)狀元(yuan)鄧(deng)鐘岳所題。在西(xi)檐(yan)下(xia)(xia),懸(xuan)有“就日瞻(zhan)云”匾。其(qi)匾白(bai)底(di)黑(hei)字(zi)(zi),為(wei)(wei)清(qing)代(dai)史學(xue)(xue)家(jia)解嵐題。
由二(er)樓(lou)(lou)西側(ce)梯(ti)道(dao)升(sheng)16級臺階便到(dao)達第三層(ceng)樓(lou)(lou)面(mian)。第三層(ceng)系暗層(ceng),實際它是(shi)光岳樓(lou)(lou)的結構層(ceng),橫木穿插,梁枋扣合,縱橫交錯(cuo),似(si)龍游蛇行,將自下而上(shang)的金(jin)柱(zhu)(zhu)與(yu)檐(yan)柱(zhu)(zhu)構成(cheng)一個整(zheng)體(ti),使之更(geng)加牢固和穩(wen)定(ding),故(gu)(gu)三樓(lou)(lou)也是(shi)樓(lou)(lou)身的主要框架(jia)(jia)。該(gai)層(ceng)面(mian)闊五間。金(jin)柱(zhu)(zhu)與(yu)檐(yan)柱(zhu)(zhu)之間上(shang)端是(shi)梁架(jia)(jia),與(yu)二(er)層(ceng)貫(guan)通,故(gu)(gu)暗層(ceng)實僅(jin)三間。“不(bu)心(xin)間”即樓(lou)(lou)之正中(zhong),是(shi)空井,四周置欄桿。柱(zhu)(zhu)頂設有顯著卷剎。此例(li)均與(yu)宋《營造法式》相(xiang)(xiang)符。外檐(yan)更(geng)是(shi)拱斗相(xiang)(xiang)連(lian),梁柱(zhu)(zhu)相(xiang)(xiang)交,枋木相(xiang)(xiang)穿,結構緊湊而疏密(mi)得體(ti)。
由(you)三層東次間(jian)(jian)向南登(deng)13級臺階(jie)就到了光(guang)岳樓第(di)(di)四(si)層樓。第(di)(di)四(si)層是樓的最(zui)高(gao)層,面(mian)闊進深皆為三間(jian)(jian),平面(mian)呈正(zheng)方(fang)形。明間(jian)(jian)有(you)6扇(shan)窗,可以(yi)憑窗遠眺。明間(jian)(jian)中間(jian)(jian),綴以(yi)毛管式欄桿,扶(fu)欄通過井口,可一望井底(di)。次間(jian)(jian)裝冰紋圓窗,構設(she)恰(qia)當,運用(yong)自然。屋頂(ding)為十字頂(ding),頂(ding)下正(zheng)中懸(xuan)垂(chui)蓮柱,以(yi)八(ba)道斜脊分(fen)別置于三架(jia)梁(liang)及(ji)抹角梁(liang)之上。登(deng)上最(zui)高(gao)層,扶(fu)著四(si)面(mian)對窗遠眺,魯西北平原(yuan)無垠,景色壯觀;近觀,波光(guang)粼粼,水天(tian)一色。讓(rang)人懷古之情,油然而生。
樓脊(ji)為歇山十字脊(ji),脊(ji)頂正中裝一座高3米(mi)、直(zhi)徑1.5米(mi)的(de)(de)透花鐵葫(hu)蘆。四個(ge)小獅子蹲在(zai)十字脊(ji)上,那四個(ge)大吻就像四條龍,遠(yuan)遠(yuan)看去,給(gei)人(ren)以飛動之感。光岳(yue)樓主樓全系(xi)木質結構,但能(neng)歷經600多年風雨而(er)完好地保存下來,不(bu)僅有著(zhu)很(hen)高的(de)(de)科學價值,而(er)且也有很(hen)高的(de)(de)藝(yi)術價值。
聊城山(shan)(shan)陜(shan)會館在(zai)城區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)南部,運河西岸,是(shi)清代聊城商業繁(fan)榮的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)縮影和(he)見證(zheng)。會館始建(jian)(jian)于(yu)清乾(qian)隆八年(1743年),是(shi)山(shan)(shan)西、陜(shan)西的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)商人為“祀神明而聯桑梓(zi)”集資興建(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),從開(kai)始到建(jian)(jian)成共歷時66年,耗銀9.2萬多兩。會館東(dong)西長77米(mi),南北(bei)寬43米(mi),占地(di)面積3311平方米(mi)。整個(ge)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)包括山(shan)(shan)門、過樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)、戲樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)、夾樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)、鐘(zhong)鼓二(er)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)、南北(bei)看樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)、關帝(di)(di)大(da)(da)殿、春(chun)秋(qiu)閣等(deng)部分(fen),共有亭臺樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)閣160多間(jian),為全國(guo)重(zhong)點文物保護單位。在(zai)全國(guo)現(xian)存的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)會館中(zhong)(zhong),聊城山(shan)(shan)陜(shan)會館的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)面積不算很大(da)(da),但是(shi)其精妙絕倫的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)雕刻和(he)繪畫(hua)藝術卻是(shi)國(guo)內(nei)罕見。會館按(an)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)傳(chuan)統宮(gong)殿式(shi)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基本格局排列各組建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu),強調(diao)中(zhong)(zhong)軸(zhou)線(xian)兩側均衡(heng)對(dui)稱,突(tu)出中(zhong)(zhong)軸(zhou)線(xian)上建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu),通過屋頂的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)式(shi)、面闊(kuo)(kuo)進深的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)小、藝術構件雕刻的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)繁(fan)簡等(deng)來區(qu)分(fen)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主次級別。沿中(zhong)(zhong)軸(zhou)線(xian)由東(dong)到西依次為山(shan)(shan)門、戲樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)、鐘(zhong)鼓樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)、南北(bei)看樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)、碑亭、中(zhong)(zhong)獻殿、關帝(di)(di)殿、春(chun)秋(qiu)閣。從山(shan)(shan)門到春(chun)秋(qiu)閣三(san)個(ge)院(yuan)落逐漸增高,錯落有致,各單體建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)互相連(lian)接(jie),布(bu)局緊湊。山(shan)(shan)門,又(you)稱三(san)門或牌樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou),為四(si)(si)柱(zhu)三(san)間(jian)牌坊式(shi)門樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)。面闊(kuo)(kuo)7米(mi) ,進深1.7米(mi),高10米(mi)。四(si)(si)根柱(zhu)子的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)柱(zhu)礎均為圓雕的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)獅子,中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)兩柱(zhu)正面陽刻楹(ying)聯,字體雄渾,氣魄宏大(da)(da)。
上聯為:本是豪杰作為只(zhi)此心無愧圣賢洵足(zu)配東國夫子;
下聯是:何必仙佛(fo)功德(de)惟其氣充塞天地(di)早已成西方圣(sheng)人。
中間(jian)石質門(men)框和(he)門(men)楣石上遍(bian)雕(diao)蝙蝠圖案。門(men)楣上方(fang)中間(jian)嵌條石一(yi)塊,上刻(ke)“山陜(shan)會館(guan)”四個(ge)大字。
南北兩(liang)(liang)小門的(de)門框和門楣(mei)也用整塊青石作成(cheng),石上淺雕卷云紋。門楣(mei)上方(fang)各嵌一石質方(fang)匾(bian),匾(bian)上分別楷書(shu)“履中”、“蹈和”。次間兩(liang)(liang)門的(de)兩(liang)(liang)側為磚筑八字形影壁(bi),影壁(bi)左書(shu)“精(jing)中貫日”,右為“大義參天”。
山門(men)外(wai)南北兩端,各(ge)有(you)一座插旗(qi)桿用的正方形石墩。石墩高1.98 米 ,寬0.92米 ,石墩前后兩面(mian)刻(ke)有(you)龍鳳,左右(you)兩面(mian)刻(ke)有(you)荷花牡丹。山門(men)內(nei)側有(you)木質圓(yuan)柱四根。門(men)后兩內(nei)柱的上端與(yu)壁(bi)中兩外(wai)柱以構件相連。
走進(jin)會(hui)館,過了(le)戲(xi)臺下(xia)的一道山(shan)門(men),便(bian)見華(hua)美的戲(xi)樓(lou)(lou),戲(xi)樓(lou)(lou)坐東面西(xi),與大殿對峙。戲(xi)樓(lou)(lou)后山(shan)墻(qiang)中(zhong)央有(you)一條從戲(xi)臺下(xia)穿過通(tong)往(wang)庭院的甬道,寬2.16米(mi)(mi),高(gao)12.12米(mi)(mi) ,入(ru)口(kou)處為磚(zhuan)雕垂花門(men)罩。罩上(shang)方(fang)有(you)石刻(ke)匾(bian)額“岑樓(lou)(lou)凝霞”四字。甬道左右(you)(you)各有(you)一個(ge)石刻(ke)照(zhao)壁,左刻(ke)丹頂鶴與蒼松,右(you)(you)刻(ke)梅花鹿及花草(cao),均高(gao)2.08米(mi)(mi) ,寬1.15米(mi)(mi)。照(zhao)壁下(xia)有(you)精致的石刻(ke)插屏(ping)架,上(shang)有(you)細膩的磚(zhuan)刻(ke)垂花壁罩,上(shang)飾琉(liu)璃制黃(huang)牡丹、綠麒麟和萬年青等(deng)。
山門與戲(xi)樓(lou)之間(jian),有(you)連接(jie)二者(zhe)的遮雨過(guo)樓(lou),頂(ding)部為(wei)(wei)單檐硬(ying)山式。戲(xi)樓(lou)為(wei)(wei)二重檐兩(liang)層臺(tai)(tai)樓(lou),結頂(ding)正(zheng)脊為(wei)(wei)歇山式,又于左(zuo)右各出歇山,成十翼角,房面覆(fu)綠黃(huang)兩(liang)色琉璃瓦(wa)。戲(xi)臺(tai)(tai)呈正(zheng)方形(xing)平面,臺(tai)(tai)高(gao)2.3米,前臺(tai)(tai)寬9.6米 ,深(shen)5米 ,后臺(tai)(tai)寬8.6米 ,深(shen)3米。戲(xi)臺(tai)(tai)正(zheng)面開(kai)3間(jian)臺(tai)(tai)口(kou),檐下有(you)5塊透雕(diao)木質額枋,中間(jian)為(wei)(wei)“福祿壽”三星故事,兩(liang)邊(bian)為(wei)(wei)飛龍(long)、花卉和(he)人(ren)物等。4根(gen)檐柱(zhu)均(jun)為(wei)(wei)石雕(diao)楹(ying)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)。內聯(lian)(lian)(lian)楷書陽文:宮商翕奏賞心是金榜題名洞房花燭;扮演成文快意在坦道駿(jun)馬高(gao)帆順風。外聯(lian)(lian)(lian)楷書陰文:結五萬(wan)春花奏雅宣和(he)無戾(li)風騷稱杰構;譜大(da)千秋色鏤金錯彩有(you)裨世教即奇觀(guan)。
戲臺(tai)里(li)側,有(you)迎(ying)屏(ping)將前臺(tai)與后臺(tai)隔開。屏(ping)上(shang)繪有(you)4幅大型花卉(hui),左右木柱上(shang)刻有(you)陽文(wen)楹聯:響遏行云(yun),一曲笙(sheng)簧(huang)欣樂利(li);歌翻白雪,八(ba)方舞蹈(dao)荷升(sheng)平。屏(ping)上(shang)方懸掛著木刻匾(bian)額“云(yun)霞(xia)絢采”。戲臺(tai)的前臺(tai)兩側為八(ba)字(zi)形折(zhe)壁,折(zhe)壁上(shang)各(ge)鑲有(you)高1.8米、寬(kuan)0.5米 的石刻工筆圖畫。左為“海(hai)市蜃樓”,右為“天臺(tai)勝(sheng)景”。戲臺(tai)藻井彩(cai)繪團鶴(he)祥云(yun),似寓有(you)福比天高之意(yi)。其精工細作的復臺(tai)結構較為罕見。
戲(xi)樓的(de)(de)兩側是南北(bei)對(dui)稱的(de)(de)夾(jia)樓,與戲(xi)樓連(lian)為(wei)(wei)一體,為(wei)(wei)二(er)(er)層(ceng)3間單檐(yan)建(jian)筑。中(zhong)(zhong)間一間屋頂高起,下(xia)有拱(gong)門內外通行。東向門上各有石雕匾額一方(fang),左為(wei)(wei)“對(dui)岳”,右(you)為(wei)(wei)“望海”。兩側小間的(de)(de)二(er)(er)樓都開(kai)有東向園(yuan)窗(chuang)。這里原為(wei)(wei)戲(xi)樓演戲(xi)時演員們的(de)(de)化妝室和休息室。至今在其墻上還可(ke)以看到從清(qing)道光二(er)(er)十五年(1845)到民國(guo)八(ba)年(1919),山西(xi)、山東各地的(de)(de)戲(xi)曲班社(she)和教育(yu)部的(de)(de)易俗社(she),各個時期的(de)(de)演員們所寫(xie)下(xia)的(de)(de)對(dui)“戲(xi)東”、“班社(she)主(zhu)”不滿的(de)(de)詩句以及京劇(ju)、山西(xi)梆子(zi)、河北(bei)梆子(zi)等劇(ju)種的(de)(de)120多個傳(chuan)統劇(ju)目,對(dui)于研(yan)究中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)的(de)(de)戲(xi)劇(ju)史,有著極為(wei)(wei)重要(yao)的(de)(de)價值。
鐘(zhong)(zhong)鼓(gu)(gu)樓(lou)鐘(zhong)(zhong)樓(lou)、鼓(gu)(gu)樓(lou)南北(bei)對稱,分列于夾樓(lou)外側。均為(wei)筑(zhu)于磚石(shi)(shi)方(fang)臺之上(shang)(shang)的單間二層重檐歇(xie)山(shan)十字脊式建筑(zhu)。二層各有(you)12根檐柱承托著第(di)一(yi)層屋檐。一(yi)層樓(lou)門(men)西向。左為(wei)“鐘(zhong)(zhong)樓(lou)”,二層樓(lou)門(men)南向,門(men)楣(mei)上(shang)(shang)有(you)石(shi)(shi)刻(ke)“振聾(long)”橫額一(yi)方(fang),兩側石(shi)(shi)柱上(shang)(shang)陰刻(ke)楹聯一(yi)幅(fu):其聲大而遠,厥意(yi)深且長。右(you)為(wei)“鼓(gu)(gu)樓(lou)”,二層樓(lou)門(men)北(bei)向。門(men)楣(mei)上(shang)(shang)有(you)石(shi)(shi)刻(ke)“警(jing)聵”橫額一(yi)方(fang),兩側石(shi)(shi)柱上(shang)(shang)陰刻(ke)楹聯一(yi)幅(fu):當知(zhi)聽思(si)聰,豈可(ke)耳無聞。
鐘、鼓樓下各(ge)有一小院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)翠竹茂(mao)密,院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)墻上(shang)有一圓(yuan)形月(yue)門通往庭(ting)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。庭(ting)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)東西深23米,南北寬33米 ,中央(yang)有一條平(ping)直的(de)石(shi)板路,路兩(liang)邊(bian)各(ge)有一株(zhu)百年古槐,濃蔭如蓋。庭(ting)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)正面(mian)的(de)大殿臺(tai)階下,有一對(dui)高大雄(xiong)健的(de)石(shi)獅(shi),由獅(shi)身、須(xu)彌(mi)座(zuo)、底座(zuo)3部(bu)分組(zu)成,通高3.25米。底座(zuo)四(si)面(mian)雕刻佛教八(ba)大法(fa)寶(bao),前(qian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)劍、杵;左(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)傘、塔;右(you)(you)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鈴、笆;后為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)印、鉑(bo),用以驅妖(yao)避(bi)邪。須(xu)彌(mi)座(zuo)上(shang)部(bu)刻花瓶、鹿、小瓜(gua)、石(shi)榴(liu),取其平(ping)平(ping)安安、福(fu)祿綿(mian)綿(mian)、甜(tian)甜(tian)美美、多子(zi)多孫之(zhi)意(yi)。下部(bu)前(qian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)牡丹(dan)、左(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)荷花、右(you)(you)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)梅花、后為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)菊花,意(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)四(si)季吉(ji)祥。這對(dui)石(shi)獅(shi),左(zuo)面(mian)腳踩繡球者為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)雄(xiong)獅(shi),右(you)(you)面(mian)腳踏幼獅(shi)者為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)雌獅(shi)。據記載,這對(dui)石(shi)獅(shi)從山西選(xuan)料精鑿細(xi)刻而成,耗銀633兩(liang)。
南北看(kan)樓(lou)(lou)位于鐘鼓樓(lou)(lou)的西(xi)面(mian),戲(xi)樓(lou)(lou)臺(tai)前左右兩側,為(wei)(wei)面(mian)闊(kuo)五間,進深一(yi)間的二層(ceng)外廊式(shi)建筑(zhu),樓(lou)(lou)長16.5米(mi)(mi),深5米(mi)(mi) ,其頂為(wei)(wei)卷棚式(shi),上覆(fu)灰瓦(wa)。看(kan)樓(lou)(lou)底層(ceng)地面(mian)為(wei)(wei)磚(zhuan)鋪地,二層(ceng)樓(lou)(lou)板由六根木制樓(lou)(lou)板梁,上置(zhi)木地板椽,在木地板上鋪石磚(zhuan)以構成。二層(ceng)房架為(wei)(wei)四架梁,上置(zhi)檁、椽、望板和瓦(wa)件。看(kan)樓(lou)(lou)為(wei)(wei)敞開的廊式(shi)建筑(zhu),可以坐在樓(lou)(lou)內(nei)觀(guan)看(kan)戲(xi)臺(tai)上的表演。
看(kan)樓位于(yu)庭院南北(bei)兩(liang)側,各面(mian)(mian)闊(kuo)5間,上(shang)(shang)下2層,樓長16.5米(mi)(mi) ,深5米(mi)(mi),房面(mian)(mian)為灰(hui)瓦卷棚(peng)頂,為看(kan)戲、飲茶、談(tan)生意的(de)場所(suo)。看(kan)樓上(shang)(shang)首是碑(bei)亭,各為3開(kai)間,正面(mian)(mian)敞開(kai),筒瓦歇山(shan)頂,飛檐則高出看(kan)樓和大殿房面(mian)(mian)。額枋上(shang)(shang)下較寬,各繪有(you)日出、龍虎(hu)、瓜果和人(ren)物圖案。每一碑(bei)亭各豎(shu)有(you)石碑(bei)4幢(chuang),壁(bi)碑(bei)2塊(kuai)。立(li)碑(bei)通高均為6.2米(mi)(mi),寬1.2米(mi)(mi) ,碑(bei)文(wen)內(nei)容(rong)詳細記載了山(shan)陜(shan)會(hui)館(guan)(guan)歷年維修建設情(qing)況,碑(bei)陰還刻(ke)(ke)有(you)各商(shang)號名稱及其(qi)捐銀數(shu)量。南碑(bei)亭西首內(nei)壁(bi)上(shang)(shang),還立(li)有(you)清乾(qian)隆所(suo)刻(ke)(ke)地(di)契(qi)碑(bei)一塊(kuai),詳細記述了山(shan)陜(shan)會(hui)館(guan)(guan)置買園地(di)闊(kuo)步數(shu)目、四至(zhi)、買價及刻(ke)(ke)石立(li)碑(bei)之(zhi)因,是研究晉商(shang)經營思想的(de)重要文(wen)獻。
由地契碑(bei)西折(zhe),過南碑(bei)亭西門,便是列(lie)支碑(bei)墻(qiang)。鑲嵌有清嘉慶十(shi)(shi)五年(1810)、道光(guang)二十(shi)(shi)五年(1840)、同治六年(1867)、同治十(shi)(shi)三(san)年(1874)、光(guang)緒二十(shi)(shi)年(1894)立(li)的“會館功竣歷年進出銀兩開列(lie)碑(bei)”等(deng)5塊列(lie)支碑(bei)刻。
大殿(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)會(hui)館的中心建筑,由獻(xian)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)和復殿(dian)(dian)(dian)前(qian)后組成,檐部有天溝相(xiang)接。獻(xian)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)與復殿(dian)(dian)(dian)又各分(fen)為(wei)(wei)正殿(dian)(dian)(dian)和南北配(pei)(pei)殿(dian)(dian)(dian),前(qian)后左(zuo)右共六殿(dian)(dian)(dian),均(jun)面(mian)(mian)闊(kuo)3間(jian)。正殿(dian)(dian)(dian)房面(mian)(mian)高于南北配(pei)(pei)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)。獻(xian)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)為(wei)(wei)卷棚頂,復殿(dian)(dian)(dian)為(wei)(wei)懸山項。正殿(dian)(dian)(dian)房面(mian)(mian)覆(fu)綠色琉(liu)璃瓦,前(qian)后房面(mian)(mian)中央各鑲嵌有菱(ling)形狀黃(huang)、綠琉(liu)璃瓦。南北配(pei)(pei)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)覆(fu)灰筒瓦。
正殿亦(yi)稱關帝大殿,殿前有方形石柱四(si)根,石柱下為垂幔琴腿(tui)式石雕柱礎。石柱正面(mian)刻(ke)有歌頌關羽的楹聯(lian),內柱為行(xing)楷陽文:偉(wei)烈壯(zhuang)古今,浩氣(qi)丹心,漢代一(yi)時真君(jun)子(zi);至誠參天(tian)地,英文雄(xiong)武,晉國千秋大丈(zhang)夫。
外聯為(wei)行楷陰文:非必殺(sha)身成仁,問我輩誰全節(jie)義;漫說通經致用(yong),笑書(shu)生空讀春(chun)秋。四根檐柱上方,鑲有(you)(you)3塊木質(zhi)透雕額(e)枋,中間1塊刻(ke)有(you)(you)老子(zi)和(he)八(ba)仙人物(wu)。左(zuo)邊(bian)刻(ke)有(you)(you)“神仙傳(chuan)”故(gu)事(shi)(shi),右(you)邊(bian)刻(ke)有(you)(you)“行孝圖(tu)”,為(wei)中國古代(dai)二(er)十四孝中的幾個故(gu)事(shi)(shi),自左(zuo)向右(you)依次為(wei):《哭竹(zhu)生筍》、《扇枕溫衾》、《懷(huai)右(you)遺親(qin)》、《為(wei)母埋兒》、《聞(wen)雷(lei)泣墓》、《恣(zi)蚊飽血》、《臥冰求鯉》。額(e)枋的上方,還繪有(you)(you)6幅《西(xi)游記》故(gu)事(shi)(shi)工筆畫及木雕牡丹(dan)花12朵為(wei)裝飾(shi)。
檐廊正(zheng)中,懸有(you)木質陽文匾(bian)(bian)額“大義參天”四(si)字。正(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)獻殿(dian)(dian)內(nei)原為(wei)擺放供品,聚(ju)會議事的處所。殿(dian)(dian)之梁(liang)檁(lin)均(jun)通體彩繪,雕(diao)梁(liang)畫(hua)棟、金碧輝煌,有(you)人物(wu)故事畫(hua)18幅(fu)。殿(dian)(dian)內(nei)正(zheng)上方(fang)懸“富國(guo)裕(yu)民(min)”木質匾(bian)(bian)額。
獻殿(dian)(dian)后面(mian)為(wei)過(guo)廊(lang)(lang),并與南(nan)北(bei)配(pei)殿(dian)(dian)中獻殿(dian)(dian)后面(mian)的過(guo)廊(lang)(lang)相(xiang)通。廊(lang)(lang)西頭山墻上各有角門通往南(nan)北(bei)跨院(yuan),門外側各有石刻(ke)橫匾一方,南(nan)曰:“南(nan)極(ji)”,北(bei)曰:“北(bei)拱”。
過廊(lang)后面是復(fu)殿(dian),殿(dian)中偏后部有(you)(you)一暖閣(ge)(ge),閣(ge)(ge)前供有(you)(you)關(guan)圣帝(di)君(jun)、關(guan)平和(he)(he)周倉3尊雕像。關(guan)圣帝(di)君(jun)神(shen)像高3米,身(shen)穿刺繡滾龍(long)袍,鎏(liu)金冠旒,威麗端正,儼然帝(di)王形象(xiang)。復(fu)殿(dian)后仍有(you)(you)檐(yan)廊(lang),廊(lang)下有(you)(you)木質圓柱(zhu)四(si)根,柱(zhu)下皆(jie)以精(jing)致的石雕為(wei)柱(zhu)礎(chu)。檐(yan)柱(zhu)上方(fang)鑲(xiang)有(you)(you)3塊木質透(tou)雕額枋,中間刻人物(wu)、牡丹,南(nan)北兩側(ce)刻有(you)(you)飛(fei)龍(long)、麒麟等。檐(yan)廊(lang)的迎風(feng)板上,兩側(ce)還鑲(xiang)有(you)(you)“道續(xu)尼山”和(he)(he)“義秉(bing)麟經(jing)”匾,進一步(bu)體現了關(guan)帝(di)廟中所信奉的是地(di)道的儒家正統(tong)思想。
南(nan)配殿(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)于正(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)的(de)南(nan)面,亦稱(cheng)文(wen)(wen)昌火神殿(dian)(dian),是當年眾商們祭祀文(wen)(wen)昌火神的(de)處(chu)所。設置同正(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)相同,即前為獻(xian)殿(dian)(dian),后為復殿(dian)(dian)。獻(xian)殿(dian)(dian)前廊,有(you)以石雕的(de)麒(qi)麟、大象(xiang)作柱礎的(de)石雕檐柱四根(gen),其側面分別刻(ke)(ke)有(you)仙(xian)鶴祥云的(de)花卉圖案,正(zheng)面刻(ke)(ke)有(you)楹(ying)聯(lian)。內柱上(shang)刻(ke)(ke)有(you)陽文(wen)(wen)楹(ying)聯(lian):氣本似珠(zhu),看午夜(ye)光分奎辟;功原濟水,居離官位(wei)(wei)按丙丁。外柱上(shang)刻(ke)(ke)有(you)陰(yin)文(wen)(wen)楹(ying)聯(lian):位(wei)(wei)南(nan)天以居尊(zun),神焰(yan)熒(ying)熒(ying)臨斗柄(bing);鄰北極而宰化,星精朗(lang)朗(lang)俯魁垣。
檐(yan)柱上方鑲(xiang)有3塊(kuai)木質(zhi)額枋,中間一塊(kuai)刻(ke)有首(shou)尾(wei)相(xiang)接、神態各異的(de)7只蘆雁和菊花(hua),兩側的(de)2塊(kuai)各分別刻(ke)有梅花(hua)、荷(he)花(hua)、瓶、大香(xiang)爐和茶壺。檐(yan)廊的(de)正中懸有木質(zhi)陽文匾額“風時浪恬”一方。
獻(xian)殿(dian)后(hou)面的復(fu)殿(dian)內供有文(wen)昌神和火神王靈官,殿(dian)正門上方懸“天開文(wen)運”木質匾額。
北配(pei)殿(dian)(dian)位于(yu)正殿(dian)(dian)的(de)北面,也稱“財(cai)(cai)神(shen)(shen)殿(dian)(dian)”,與文(wen)昌(chang)火神(shen)(shen)殿(dian)(dian)南北對應,是當(dang)年眾商們祈禱發財(cai)(cai)的(de)地方,也分為獻殿(dian)(dian)和復(fu)殿(dian)(dian)。獻殿(dian)(dian)的(de)前廊有以石雕(diao)的(de)麒(qi)麟(lin)、大象為柱(zhu)礎的(de)石雕(diao)檐柱(zhu)四根,柱(zhu)的(de)側面、背面分別刻有花卉圖案,正面刻有楹(ying)聯,內柱(zhu)上刻有陰文(wen)楹(ying)聯:德兆阜財(cai)(cai),萃萬國物化(hua)天寶;行以利涉,慶一時海晏河清。外柱(zhu)上陽刻楹(ying)聯:位津(jin)要(yao)而掌財(cai)(cai)源,萬里腰(yao)纏(chan)畢至;感錢(qian)神(shen)(shen)以成砥柱(zhu),千(qian)秋寶載無虞。
檐(yan)柱上(shang)方(fang)鑲有3塊木雕額(e)枋,中間一塊刻有6只(zhi)飛雁和一座城堡,兩(liang)側(ce)分(fen)別刻有鼎、花(hua)瓶、香爐(lu)和食盒。檐(yan)廊正中懸有木質陽文匾額(e)“功(gong)司利(li)濟”一方(fang)。
獻殿(dian)(dian)后面的復殿(dian)(dian)內供有財神趙公(gong)明和水神金龍(long)四大王謝緒神像,殿(dian)(dian)正門上(shang)方懸“萬世永(yong)賴”木質匾額。
春秋閣(ge)(ge)為會館后(hou)面、高大的(de)殿(dian)宇。面闊3間(jian),上(shang)下(xia)2層,單檐(yan)歇(xie)山,灰筒瓦頂,斗拱抬梁式(shi)結構。閣(ge)(ge)前(qian)廊(lang)有(you)四根木質檐(yan)柱,前(qian)廊(lang)額枋(fang)均為木刻透雕(diao),雕(diao)飾人(ren)物和牡丹、金瓜、花卉(hui)等。閣(ge)(ge)左右各(ge)(ge)附(fu)設一(yi)座望樓(lou)(lou),上(shang)下(xia)各(ge)(ge)一(yi)間(jian),兩望樓(lou)(lou)券(quan)門上(shang)各(ge)(ge)有(you)扇形匾額一(yi)方,南(nan)曰(yue)“接步”,北(bei)曰(yue)“登階”。春秋閣(ge)(ge)過去也(ye)是供奉“關帝”的(de)處(chu)所。一(yi)樓(lou)(lou)內原有(you)大幅(fu)關羽(yu)畫像,二樓(lou)(lou)原有(you)關羽(yu)生平故事木雕(diao)連環(huan)人(ren)物群像。目前(qian),二樓(lou)(lou)西墻上(shang)仍保留著關羽(yu)全身陰線雕(diao)石刻一(yi)方。
春(chun)秋閣兩(liang)側,為(wei)南北(bei)兩(liang)側的游廊(lang),各面(mian)闊(kuo)3間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),進深一間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),灰(hui)瓦蓋(gai)頂并與望樓和(he)正殿相接,形成一個(ge)緊湊的四合院(yuan)落(luo)。兩(liang)游廊(lang)南北(bei)兩(liang)側為(wei)南北(bei)跨(kua)院(yuan)。兩(liang)院(yuan)之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),并于南北(bei)兩(liang)廂游廊(lang)的東首各有小(xiao)門(men)(men)相通(tong)。南跨(kua)院(yuan)現(xian)存硬山(shan)瓦房3間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。北(bei)跨(kua)院(yuan)現(xian)有南屋3間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、小(xiao)北(bei)屋2間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、小(xiao)西佛亭3間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),坐(zuo)東朝西后(hou)門(men)(men)一間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),均灰(hui)瓦蓋(gai)頂,前出廊(lang)檐。
聊(liao)城山陜(shan)會(hui)館建成后(hou)(hou),歷史上先后(hou)(hou)進行過8次(ci)擴建和維(wei)(wei)修(xiu)。據現存(cun)16通碑碣記載,其中第(di)4次(ci)維(wei)(wei)修(xiu)從嘉(jia)慶八(ba)年(nian)(1803)到嘉(jia)慶十四年(nian)(1809),歷時7載,用銀(yin)49643.43兩。第(di)5次(ci)維(wei)(wei)修(xiu)在道(dao)光(guang)二十五年(nian)(1845),用銀(yin)18028.78兩。維(wei)(wei)修(xiu)所用木(mu)材多來(lai)(lai)自陜(shan)西終南山,工匠多來(lai)(lai)自山西汾陽府,建筑風格盡量體現其地方特(te)色。其建成后(hou)(hou)百余年(nian)間,每(mei)年(nian)春節(jie)、端午節(jie)、中秋節(jie)都演戲以(yi)娛(yu)神。
聊(liao)城山陜會館是歷史(shi)(shi)上聊(liao)城商業發達(da)、經(jing)濟繁榮的(de)(de)見證(zheng)。它(ta)集中國(guo)傳(chuan)統(tong)文化(hua)之大成(cheng),融中國(guo)傳(chuan)統(tong)儒、道、佛三家思想于(yu)一體。整個(ge)建(jian)筑布局緊湊,錯落(luo)有致,連接得體,裝(zhuang)飾華麗,堪稱中國(guo)古代建(jian)筑的(de)(de)杰(jie)作。它(ta)的(de)(de)石雕(diao)(diao)(diao)、木雕(diao)(diao)(diao)、磚雕(diao)(diao)(diao)和繪畫工藝更是中國(guo)建(jian)筑藝術的(de)(de)精品,對于(yu)研究中國(guo)的(de)(de)古代建(jian)筑史(shi)(shi)、商貿史(shi)(shi)、戲劇史(shi)(shi)、運河文化(hua)史(shi)(shi)、書(shu)法、繪畫、雕(diao)(diao)(diao)刻藝術史(shi)(shi)以及清代資(zi)本主義萌芽因素的(de)(de)產生具有極高的(de)(de)資(zi)料價值。
●會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)館,明清(qing)時(shi)期(qi)都(dou)市中(zhong)由同鄉(xiang)或同業組成(cheng)的封(feng)建性團體(ti)。始設(she)于明代前期(qi),迄今(jin)所(suo)知較(jiao)早的會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)館是建于永樂年間的北(bei)京(jing)蕪(wu)湖(hu)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)館。嘉(jia)靖、萬歷時(shi)期(qi),會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)館趨于興盛,清(qing)代中(zhong)期(qi)較(jiao)多,會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)館幾乎(hu)遍及(ji)通都(dou)大(da)邑,府、州(zhou)(zhou)、縣城甚(shen)至某(mou)些鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)也有設(she)置。明清(qing)時(shi)期(qi)聊城商賈云集,東(dong)關運河沿岸有山陜(shan)、江西、蘇州(zhou)(zhou)、贛(gan)江、武林等八大(da)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)館,其中(zhong)山陜(shan)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)館是保存至今(jin)的會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)館建筑(zhu)。
東昌(chang)(chang)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)風(feng)(feng)(feng)景(jing)(jing)名(ming)勝(sheng)區系國(guo)家(jia)歷史(shi)文(wen)化名(ming)城(cheng)(cheng)——聊城(cheng)(cheng)西南市(shi)區,東、北、西分別以(yi)(yi)聊城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)區主干(gan)道柳園路(lu)、東昌(chang)(chang)路(lu)、湖(hu)(hu)(hu)西路(lu)為界,南至(zhi)南外環路(lu),總面積20.6平方公里。馳(chi)名(ming)中外的(de)京(jing)杭大運河穿風(feng)(feng)(feng)景(jing)(jing)區而(er)過。東昌(chang)(chang)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)風(feng)(feng)(feng)景(jing)(jing)名(ming)勝(sheng)區以(yi)(yi)建(jian)于北宋(song)時期(qi)的(de)聊城(cheng)(cheng)古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)為中心,以(yi)(yi)水面遼闊、風(feng)(feng)(feng)景(jing)(jing)秀麗、環繞于古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)區四周的(de)東昌(chang)(chang)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)為依托(tuo),集中體(ti)現(xian)了聊城(cheng)(cheng)“水、古(gu)、文(wen)”的(de)特(te)色,營造出聊城(cheng)(cheng)“城(cheng)(cheng)中有湖(hu)(hu)(hu),湖(hu)(hu)(hu)中有城(cheng)(cheng),城(cheng)(cheng)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)河一體(ti)”的(de)獨(du)特(te)風(feng)(feng)(feng)貌,是山(shan)東西部和冀、魯、豫接壤地區較為著名(ming)的(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)景(jing)(jing)游覽區。
東(dong)昌(chang)湖(hu)始建于宋熙寧(ning)三年(公元1070年),在原護城(cheng)河(he)的(de)基礎上經歷代(dai)開挖而(er)成(cheng),該護城(cheng)河(he)為(wei)環形,東(dong)部(bu)寬100米左右(you),西部(bu)寬600米左右(you),北部(bu)寬300米左右(you),南部(bu)寬800米左右(you),現有水(shui)域4.2平方公里,為(wei)中(zhong)華人(ren)民共和國江(jiang)北地區罕見的(de)大型城(cheng)內湖(hu)泊,全世界(jie)面(mian)積較大的(de)護城(cheng)河(he)。東(dong)昌(chang)湖(hu)引(yin)黃河(he)水(shui)為(wei)源,常年水(shui)深3-5米,湖(hu)水(shui)清澈,無(wu)任何工業污染;景色宜人(ren),令游客流連忘返。東(dong)昌(chang)湖(hu)中(zhong)心是已有千年歷史的(de)1平方公里的(de)正方形聊(liao)城(cheng)古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)。古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)風貌保(bao)存完(wan)好,以(yi)古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)正中(zhong)的(de)光岳樓(lou)為(wei)中(zhong)心,向四(si)面(mian)輻(fu)射,形成(cheng)東(dong)西南北四(si)條古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)區干道,其它(ta)大街(jie)小巷(xiang),也都是經緯(wei)分明,垂直(zhi)交叉,形成(cheng)棋盤方格網狀骨架。古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)區民居,至(zhi)今(jin)保(bao)留著(zhu)白(bai)墻、灰瓦、城(cheng)屋頂的(de)傳統建筑風格。古(gu)(gu)老(lao)的(de)京杭(hang)運河(he)兩岸,街(jie)巷(xiang)布(bu)列(lie),各種店鋪(pu)民居,隨坡就勢(shi),依(yi)河(he)而(er)建。條石(shi)鋪(pu)砌的(de)大小碼頭,株(zhu)株(zhu)蒼勁的(de)古(gu)(gu)槐,以(yi)及宋代(dai)隆興(xing)寺鐵塔,國家(jia)重點(dian)文物、清代(dai)建筑山陜會(hui)館,仍(reng)會(hui)使(shi)人(ren)們(men)體味(wei)到昔日(ri)運河(he)漕運鼎(ding)盛時期古(gu)(gu)聊(liao)城(cheng)的(de)繁榮(rong)和輝(hui)煌。通(tong)過有效(xiao)地開發和利用這(zhe)些(xie)得天獨厚的(de)旅游資(zi)源,形成(cheng)了東(dong)昌(chang)湖(hu)風景名勝區的(de)重要內容——湖(hu)濱風景區、古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)文化區和運河(he)風情區。
東(dong)(dong)昌(chang)湖(hu)(hu)風(feng)景(jing)(jing)(jing)名(ming)(ming)(ming)勝區(qu)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)內涵深厚,旅游(you)(you)(you)資源(yuan)豐富。聊城(cheng)歷史(shi)悠(you)久,人(ren)(ren)杰地靈,歷史(shi)上(shang)曾出(chu)(chu)現過(guo)許多杰出(chu)(chu)人(ren)(ren)物,明(ming)(ming)朝宰(zai)相朱延禧,清(qing)(qing)代(dai)名(ming)(ming)(ming)臣傅(fu)以(yi)(yi)漸(jian)、任(ren)克溥、書(shu)畫(hua)名(ming)(ming)(ming)家鄧鐘岳(yue),近代(dai)抗日民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)族英雄范筑(zhu)先、著名(ming)(ming)(ming)學者和(he)(he)社會活動家傅(fu)斯年(nian)(nian)(nian),以(yi)(yi)及(ji)八十年(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)青(qing)年(nian)(nian)(nian)楷(kai)模(mo)張(zhang)海迪和(he)(he)九十年(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)領導(dao)干部(bu)的(de)(de)楷(kai)模(mo)孔繁森(sen)等(deng)都是其中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)杰出(chu)(chu)代(dai)表。此外,《水(shui)(shui)滸(hu)》、《聊齋》、《金瓶梅(mei)》、《老殘游(you)(you)(you)記》等(deng)中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)共和(he)(he)國(guo)古代(dai)名(ming)(ming)(ming)著,對古聊城(cheng)和(he)(he)東(dong)(dong)昌(chang)湖(hu)(hu)均有描述(shu)。千年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)歷史(shi)滄(cang)桑,層出(chu)(chu)不窮(qiong)的(de)(de)杰出(chu)(chu)人(ren)(ren)物,造就了東(dong)(dong)昌(chang)湖(hu)(hu)風(feng)景(jing)(jing)(jing)名(ming)(ming)(ming)勝區(qu)豐厚的(de)(de)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)背(bei)景(jing)(jing)(jing)和(he)(he)底蘊。迷人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)自然風(feng)光,眾多的(de)(de)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)景(jing)(jing)(jing)點(dian),也匯成了東(dong)(dong)昌(chang)湖(hu)(hu)風(feng)景(jing)(jing)(jing)名(ming)(ming)(ming)勝區(qu)的(de)(de)豐富旅游(you)(you)(you)資源(yuan)。風(feng)景(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)內,錯落散(san)布著中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)共和(he)(he)國(guo)現存古代(dai)高(gao)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)木(mu)結構建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)一的(de)(de)明(ming)(ming)代(dai)光岳(yue)樓(lou),中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)佛教文(wen)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)瑰寶宋代(dai)鐵(tie)塔(ta),集(ji)商業與文(wen)化(hua)(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)成的(de)(de)精美清(qing)(qing)代(dai)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)山陜會館(guan)(guan),中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)共和(he)(he)國(guo)清(qing)(qing)代(dai)四(si)大(da)(da)私人(ren)(ren)藏書(shu)樓(lou)之(zhi)(zhi)一的(de)(de)海源(yuan)閣等(deng)名(ming)(ming)(ming)勝古跡(ji),以(yi)(yi)及(ji)傅(fu)斯年(nian)(nian)(nian)紀念(nian)館(guan)(guan)、民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)族英雄范筑(zhu)先紀念(nian)館(guan)(guan)、孔繁森(sen)同志紀念(nian)館(guan)(guan)等(deng)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)景(jing)(jing)(jing)點(dian);東(dong)(dong)昌(chang)湖(hu)(hu)區(qu),近年(nian)(nian)(nian)又興建(jian)(jian)了中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)共和(he)(he)國(guo)釣(diao)(diao)魚協會聊城(cheng)垂釣(diao)(diao)基(ji)地、東(dong)(dong)昌(chang)湖(hu)(hu)游(you)(you)(you)樂園、江北(bei)水(shui)(shui)上(shang)竹寨、沙灘浴場(chang)、游(you)(you)(you)船碼頭、湖(hu)(hu)心島(dao)、荷香島(dao)、浮春亭(ting)等(deng)一大(da)(da)批游(you)(you)(you)覽(lan)景(jing)(jing)(jing)點(dian)和(he)(he)設施(shi),沿湖(hu)(hu)30余華(hua)里的(de)(de)綠化(hua)(hua)帶也初具雛形,湖(hu)(hu)西公園、西關二(er)十一孔游(you)(you)(you)覽(lan)石橋、北(bei)關游(you)(you)(you)覽(lan)石橋等(deng)一批重(zhong)點(dian)建(jian)(jian)設項(xiang)目(mu)也正(zheng)在積極(ji)實施(shi)。