海(hai)淀鎮是中(zhong)共海(hai)淀區委(wei)、區人大、區政協(xie)、區政府的駐地,有法院、檢察院、區武裝部、區公安分(fen)局、教育局等四十余(yu)個(ge)區屬(shu)機(ji)關。這里(li)有中(zhong)學(xue)、小學(xue)、圖(tu)書城、圖(tu)書館、少(shao)年文(wen)化宮(gong)、醫(yi)院、銀行、商場、酒樓、寫字樓、電子(zi)市場等服務配套(tao)設(she)施,海(hai)淀鎮成(cheng)為海(hai)淀區政治、文(wen)化中(zhong)心。
元初,翰林學士王仲謀(mou)曾受命從燕京(jing)去上都治(zhi)所(suo)開(kai)平府,將沿途道里風(feng)土記(ji)入《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)堂事記(ji)》一(yi)書(shu),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)提到海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)淀(dian)(dian)。他寫道:“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)統(tong)二(er)年(nian)二(er)月五日(ri)(ri)丙(bing)寅未(wei)刻(ke),發自燕京(jing),是(shi)夕,宿通玄北(bei)(bei)(bei)郭。六(liu)日(ri)(ri)丁卯午(wu),憩海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)店,距(ju)京(jing)城二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里。是(shi)晚,宿南口(kou)新(xin)店,距(ju)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)店七十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里。”燕京(jing),即金朝中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)都,其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)區在(zai)(zai)今宣武區廣安門(men)一(yi)帶。王仲謀(mou)所(suo)記(ji)的行程、時間、里數和(he)實際正合。明(ming)萬歷(li)二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(1593)刻(ke)本出版的《宛署雜記(ji)》,記(ji)述(shu):“海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)店……俱縱橫北(bei)(bei)(bei)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)店之(zhi)四方,與昌(chang)平州地(di)方犬牙。”稍后,《長(chang)安客話》云:“水所(suo)聚曰(yue)淀(dian)(dian)。高梁(liang)橋西北(bei)(bei)(bei)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里,平地(di)有泉,彪(biao)灑(sa)四出,淙汩草木之(zhi)間,潴為(wei)小溪(xi),凡數十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)處(chu),北(bei)(bei)(bei)為(wei)北(bei)(bei)(bei)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)淀(dian)(dian),南為(wei)南海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)淀(dian)(dian),遠樹參差點,高下(xia)攢簇,間以水田,町塍相接,蓋神皋之(zhi)佳麗,效居之(zhi)勝選也(ye)。”書(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)還(huan)提到“北(bei)(bei)(bei)淀(dian)(dian)有園一(yi)區,水曹郎米仲詔萬鐘新(xin)筑也(ye),取(qu)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)淀(dian)(dian)一(yi)勺之(zhi)意”。詩(shi)人呂(lv)九玄做詩(shi)“元宵(xiao)疑向(xiang)山(shan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)賞,海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)淀(dian)(dian)翻從席上涵”贊美勺園。李偉是(shi)明(ming)神宗朱翊鈞(jun)的外祖父(fu),在(zai)(zai)北(bei)(bei)(bei)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)淀(dian)(dian)建造清華園。沈德(de)符在(zai)(zai)《萬歷(li)野獲編》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)寫道:“海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)淀(dian)(dian)……有戚(qi)畹(wan)李武清新(xin)構亭(ting)館,大(da)樓百(bai)畝,穿池疊山(shan)所(suo)費已(yi)巨萬,尚屬經(jing)始(shi)耳。”清季已(yi)降,自康(kang)熙(xi)以后,王公大(da)臣在(zai)(zai)鎮(zhen)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)或附(fu)近(jin)建園構宅。正像《天(tian)(tian)咫偶聞》書(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)描述(shu)的“朱門(men)碧瓦,累棟連薨,與城中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)無異”。成為(wei)京(jing)西第一(yi)大(da)鎮(zhen)。光緒二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)年(nian)(1900),八國聯軍侵占海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)淀(dian)(dian)“也(ye)是(shi)搶掠燒(shao)殺強奸(jian)等等,無所(suo)不為(wei)”。日(ri)(ri)偽(wei)統(tong)治(zhi)時期又使得(de)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)淀(dian)(dian)變得(de)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)分蕭條。1949年(nian)后,海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)淀(dian)(dian)鎮(zhen)才得(de)以復蘇,改革開(kai)放,海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)淀(dian)(dian)鎮(zhen)又有翻天(tian)(tian)覆地(di)的變化(hua)。
從海(hai)淀胡同名稱(cheng)(cheng)看(kan),大致可分為(wei)以(yi)下幾種歷(li)史淵源形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)名稱(cheng)(cheng):一系由海(hai)淀歷(li)史上的(de)(de)沼澤地帶(dai)遺存形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de),如(ru)(ru)(ru)西(xi)(xi)上坡、大泡子、南海(hai)淀、北海(hai)淀、下洼(wa)子、龍鳳橋(qiao)西(xi)(xi)岔、泄水湖(hu)、大坑(keng)沿(yan)、大河莊、銀絲溝、三(san)角(jiao)地、港溝;二是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)街(jie)(jie)(jie)巷形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de),如(ru)(ru)(ru)雙橋(qiao)東、后馬路、西(xi)(xi)柵欄、西(xi)(xi)大街(jie)(jie)(jie)、老虎洞(dong)、果(guo)子市、驢市口、絨線、南柵欄、南大街(jie)(jie)(jie)、南小(xiao)街(jie)(jie)(jie);三(san)是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)廟宇形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de),如(ru)(ru)(ru)娘娘廟、觀音閣、蘇(su)公家(jia)廟;四(si)(si)是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)象征吉祥如(ru)(ru)(ru)意形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de),如(ru)(ru)(ru)金龍館、辛莊、前辛莊、永辛莊、善緣橋(qiao)、彩和坊、太平(ping)院(yuan)、太平(ping)莊;五是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)清(qing)代軍機(ji)章京內外值盧形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de),如(ru)(ru)(ru)軍機(ji)處;六是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)水井形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)胡同,有雙井、楊家(jia)井、大井、前官(guan)園(yuan)、后官(guan)園(yuan);七是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)皇室名義形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de),如(ru)(ru)(ru)燈籠庫、菜庫、買賣街(jie)(jie)(jie)、蘇(su)州街(jie)(jie)(jie)、官(guan)用冰窖;八(ba)是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)婦(fu)女賢(xian)孝(xiao)(xiao)貞節(jie)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de),有賢(xian)孝(xiao)(xiao)牌;九是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)動物形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de),如(ru)(ru)(ru)鶯房、南羊圈、北羊圈、獸醫樁(zhuang);十(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)樹形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de),如(ru)(ru)(ru)槐樹街(jie)(jie)(jie)、榆樹林、桃林。總之,海(hai)淀鎮歷(li)經七百(bai)四(si)(si)十(shi)年發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)歷(li)史滄(cang)桑,文化內涵的(de)(de)沉積是(shi)(shi)(shi)十(shi)分豐富的(de)(de)。