赤(chi)(chi)德松(song)(song)贊是父王(wang)赤(chi)(chi)松(song)(song)德贊和母后蔡邦(bang)薩梅(mei)朵準的(de)(de)三個兒子中(zhong)的(de)(de)最年(nian)幼的(de)(de),關于他(ta)的(de)(de)生年(nian),學者們說法不一。在《西藏王(wang)統世系明鑒》中(zhong)未(wei)載他(ta)的(de)(de)生年(nian),只說塞(sai)那累江允(yun)(即赤(chi)(chi)德松(song)(song)贊)五(wu)十五(wu)歲死(si)于火(huo)雞年(nian)。有的(de)(de)學者指出(chu)(chu),若按此記載計(ji)算(suan),赤(chi)(chi)德松(song)(song)贊應在牟尼(ni)贊普(pu)出(chu)(chu)生的(de)(de)次(ci)年(nian)即水兔年(nian)出(chu)(chu)生,而(er)牟尼(ni)贊普(pu)與赤(chi)(chi)德松(song)(song)贊之間還(huan)有一個王(wang)子牟茹贊普(pu),那么(me),赤(chi)(chi)松(song)(song)德贊的(de)(de)王(wang)妃(fei)梅(mei)朵準應在生下牟尼(ni)贊普(pu)的(de)(de)次(ci)年(nian),生下牟茹贊普(pu)和赤(chi)(chi)德松(song)(song)贊二人,而(er)他(ta)們二人又怎(zen)么(me)會(hui)是孿(luan)生兄弟(di)呢?
巴俄(e)·祖拉陳瓦所著的(de)(de)(de)(de)《賢者喜宴》中(zhong)說(shuo)(shuo):“赤(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)松(song)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)贊(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)和(he)他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)長妃蔡(cai)邦(bang)薩梅(mei)朵準生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)有(you)四子(zi),長子(zi)牟(mou)(mou)赤(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)贊(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)普(pu)(pu)早(zao)逝,未(wei)建陵墓;二兒子(zi)牟(mou)(mou)尼贊(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)普(pu)(pu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)于(yu)其父三(san)十(shi)四歲的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)陽(yang)虎年(nian),次(ci)年(nian)水(shui)兔年(nian)牟(mou)(mou)笛(di)(di)贊(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)普(pu)(pu)出(chu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),再(zai)次(ci)年(nian)木龍年(nian)赤(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)松(song)贊(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)出(chu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。”對(dui)此(ci),五世(shi)達賴喇嘛(ma)所著的(de)(de)(de)(de)《西(xi)藏王臣記》中(zhong)批(pi)評(ping)說(shuo)(shuo):“蔡(cai)邦(bang)薩生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)有(you)三(san)子(zi),長子(zi)牟(mou)(mou)尼贊(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)普(pu)(pu)繼承其父王位,幼子(zi)牟(mou)(mou)笛(di)(di)贊(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)普(pu)(pu)塞(sai)那累江(jiang)允(yun)四歲時繼承其大(da)哥執政,巴俄(e)o祖拉陳瓦由于(yu)不懂(dong)牟(mou)(mou)赤(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)贊(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)普(pu)(pu)與牟(mou)(mou)笛(di)(di)贊(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)普(pu)(pu)塞(sai)那累江(jiang)允(yun)是(shi)(shi)同(tong)一個(ge)(ge)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不同(tong)名(ming)字,才說(shuo)(shuo)出(chu)把(ba)(ba)牟(mou)(mou)赤(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)贊(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)普(pu)(pu)當(dang)成他(ta)(ta)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)哥的(de)(de)(de)(de)淺陋(lou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)話來(lai)。”但(dan)是(shi)(shi),五世(shi)達賴喇嘛(ma)不同(tong)意(yi)把(ba)(ba)塞(sai)那累江(jiang)允(yun)和(he)赤(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)松(song)贊(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)說(shuo)(shuo)成是(shi)(shi)同(tong)一個(ge)(ge)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不同(tong)名(ming)字的(de)(de)(de)(de)說(shuo)(shuo)法(fa),而(er)認為(wei)應該叫赤(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)松(song)贊(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)熱(re)巴巾。他(ta)(ta)說(shuo)(shuo):“有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)史籍(ji)把(ba)(ba)此(ci)王(塞(sai)那累江(jiang)允(yun))的(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)字說(shuo)(shuo)成是(shi)(shi)赤(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)松(song)贊(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan),這是(shi)(shi)由于(yu)沒有(you)看到赤(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)松(song)贊(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)熱(re)巴巾這樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)連(lian)稱而(er)發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)錯(cuo)誤”。對(dui)五世(shi)達賴喇嘛(ma)的(de)(de)(de)(de)這一說(shuo)(shuo)法(fa),有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)學者評(ping)論(lun)說(shuo)(shuo):“若(ruo)按你(ni)的(de)(de)(de)(de)說(shuo)(shuo)法(fa),應把(ba)(ba)熱(re)巴巾稱為(wei)赤(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)松(song)贊(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan),但(dan)是(shi)(shi),其他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)許多史籍(ji)中(zhong)把(ba)(ba)熱(re)巴巾稱為(wei)赤(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)祖德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)贊(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan),而(er)且(qie)《賢者喜宴》中(zhong)收(shou)錄的(de)(de)(de)(de)存于(yu)桑耶寺的(de)(de)(de)(de)塞(sai)那累時期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)盟(meng)誓文書的(de)(de)(de)(de)抄(chao)件(jian)中(zhong)也有(you)贊(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)普(pu)(pu)赤(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)松(song)贊(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)我之駕前等(deng)語,從盟(meng)誓文書本(ben)身看,清(qing)楚地(di)表明赤(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)松(song)贊(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)即(ji)是(shi)(shi)塞(sai)那累江(jiang)允(yun)。”
薩迦派(pai)的(de)貝丹喇(la)嘛(ma)索南堅贊所(suo)著的(de)《西藏王統世系明鑒》中(zhong),在塞(sai)那(nei)累和赤(chi)祖(zu)德贊熱(re)巴(ba)巾(jin)兩代贊普(pu)之間插入了(le)一個名叫丁(ding)赤(chi)的(de)贊普(pu)。《布頓(dun)佛教(jiao)史》中(zhong)把塞(sai)那(nei)累的(de)名字記成是赤(chi)德贊,而(er)把赤(chi)德松贊熱(re)巴(ba)巾(jin)算作是塞(sai)那(nei)累的(de)兒子。如此不同(tong)的(de)說法(fa),不一而(er)足。
無論如(ru)(ru)何,學者們對(dui)這(zhe)(zhe)位贊(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)普(pu)(pu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)號提出的(de)(de)(de)(de)各種(zhong)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)說(shuo)(shuo)法都可能(neng)有(you)其政治和(he)歷史(shi)方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要憑據。但是(shi)(shi)如(ru)(ru)果我們以贊(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)普(pu)(pu)赤德(de)(de)(de)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)贊(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)在(zai)(zai)位時期所刻的(de)(de)(de)(de)碑文中數次提到“父(fu)(fu)王(wang)天(tian)子赤松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)德(de)(de)(de)贊(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)與天(tian)子赤德(de)(de)(de)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)贊(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)”等(deng)語作為(wei)依(yi)據來(lai)分析,可以清楚地看(kan)出,牟(mou)(mou)(mou)笛贊(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)普(pu)(pu)、塞(sai)那(nei)累(lei)江(jiang)允(yun)、赤德(de)(de)(de)贊(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)、德(de)(de)(de)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)贊(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)、丁赤等(deng)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)稱實際上(shang)不(bu)(bu)過(guo)(guo)是(shi)(shi)贊(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)普(pu)(pu)赤德(de)(de)(de)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)贊(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)字而已。《國王(wang)遺(yi)教(jiao)》中說(shuo)(shuo):“由阿(a)阇黎起名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)為(wei)牟(mou)(mou)(mou)笛贊(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)普(pu)(pu),由父(fu)(fu)王(wang)命名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)為(wei)赤德(de)(de)(de)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)贊(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan),由內相們上(shang)尊號為(wei)江(jiang)允(yun)塞(sai)那(nei)累(lei),由唐人起名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)為(wei)牟(mou)(mou)(mou)茹(ru)贊(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)普(pu)(pu)”。由此看(kan)來(lai),這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)稱是(shi)(shi)由不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)人給同(tong)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)贊(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)普(pu)(pu)起的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)字,牟(mou)(mou)(mou)笛贊(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)普(pu)(pu)是(shi)(shi)阿(a)阇黎蓮花生(sheng)大(da)(da)師起的(de)(de)(de)(de),赤德(de)(de)(de)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)贊(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)是(shi)(shi)父(fu)(fu)王(wang)赤松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)德(de)(de)(de)贊(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)起的(de)(de)(de)(de),塞(sai)那(nei)累(lei)江(jiang)允(yun)是(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)臣們起的(de)(de)(de)(de)。還有(you)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)進一(yi)(yi)步的(de)(de)(de)(de)說(shuo)(shuo)法是(shi)(shi),開初大(da)(da)臣們對(dui)這(zhe)(zhe)位年(nian)輕的(de)(de)(de)(de)王(wang)子是(shi)(shi)否能(neng)夠(gou)勝任國王(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)職務還有(you)一(yi)(yi)些(xie)懷疑,他們商議說(shuo)(shuo):“最(zui)好能(neng)去考察一(yi)(yi)下王(wang)子的(de)(de)(de)(de)威(wei)儀(yi)如(ru)(ru)何。”結果當大(da)(da)臣們前去試探時發現(xian)(xian)這(zhe)(zhe)位王(wang)子儀(yi)態威(wei)嚴,有(you)偉人之(zhi)形(xing),所以大(da)(da)臣們給他起名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)為(wei)"塞(sai)那(nei)累(lei)江(jiang)允(yun)"(意即(ji)歪脖(bo)子的(de)(de)(de)(de)經過(guo)(guo)試探后發現(xian)(xian)其儀(yi)態很好的(de)(de)(de)(de)國王(wang))。然而,說(shuo)(shuo)牟(mou)(mou)(mou)茹(ru)贊(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)普(pu)(pu)是(shi)(shi)唐人所起的(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)字則不(bu)(bu)知是(shi)(shi)何所據而言,在(zai)(zai)其他的(de)(de)(de)(de)史(shi)籍(ji)中說(shuo)(shuo)赤德(de)(de)(de)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)贊(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)二(er)哥的(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)字叫做(zuo)牟(mou)(mou)(mou)茹(ru)贊(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)(zan)普(pu)(pu),因此《國王(wang)遺(yi)教(jiao)》中的(de)(de)(de)(de)這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)記(ji)載的(de)(de)(de)(de)這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)點也(ye)可能(neng)不(bu)(bu)對(dui)。
雖然在(zai)一(yi)些史籍中說赤(chi)(chi)松(song)德(de)贊(zan)的(de)(de)二(er)兒(er)子叫牟(mou)(mou)笛(di)贊(zan)普(pu),但(dan)是(shi)實際上赤(chi)(chi)松(song)德(de)贊(zan)的(de)(de)二(er)兒(er)子叫牟(mou)(mou)茹(ru)(ru)贊(zan)普(pu),而(er)不(bu)是(shi)牟(mou)(mou)笛(di)贊(zan)普(pu)。這(zhe)方面最確切的(de)(de)證據是(shi)在(zai)伍多諧拉(la)康的(de)(de)碑(bei)(bei)文(wen)中有(you)“王兄(xiong)牟(mou)(mou)茹(ru)(ru)贊(zan)”的(de)(de)記(ji)載。另外,雖然在(zai)常(chang)見的(de)(de)史籍中往往都說二(er)王子牟(mou)(mou)茹(ru)(ru)贊(zan)普(pu)被那囊(nang)家族的(de)(de)人殺(sha)死,所以由三王子赤(chi)(chi)德(de)松(song)贊(zan)繼位(wei),但(dan)是(shi)這(zhe)種說法卻不(bu)可(ke)信(xin),因為(wei)在(zai)他的(de)(de)弟(di)弟(di)赤(chi)(chi)德(de)松(song)贊(zan)繼位(wei)執(zhi)政(zheng)后賜(si)給班第(di)娘·定段增(zeng)的(de)(de)盟(meng)誓文(wen)書(shu)中還記(ji)有(you),參(can)加盟(meng)誓的(de)(de)有(you)王兄(xiong)牟(mou)(mou)茹(ru)(ru)贊(zan),而(er)且(qie)諧拉(la)康的(de)(de)石碑(bei)(bei)上作(zuo)為(wei)參(can)加盟(meng)誓者也刻(ke)有(you)牟(mou)(mou)茹(ru)(ru)贊(zan)的(de)(de)名字。
那么,到底是(shi)怎(zen)么回事呢(ni)?我們可以這樣認為,在(zai)王(wang)(wang)(wang)子牟(mou)(mou)尼贊(zan)普(pu)被母(mu)后(hou)毒死后(hou),拉照(zhao)慣例(li)應(ying)由(you)二兒子牟(mou)(mou)茹(ru)(ru)贊(zan)普(pu)繼(ji)承(cheng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)位,但是(shi)由(you)于牟(mou)(mou)茹(ru)(ru)贊(zan)普(pu)在(zai)此以前將倫尚波的(de)兒子伍(wu)仁無辜殺(sha)害(hai),由(you)大臣桂(gui)氏做了“三(san)滿意”的(de)判決(jue),將牟(mou)(mou)茹(ru)(ru)贊(zan)普(pu)流(liu)放到門(men)域去了,所以未能繼(ji)承(cheng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)位。而當(dang)牟(mou)(mou)茹(ru)(ru)贊(zan)普(pu)九年流(liu)放期滿從邊(bian)地返回王(wang)(wang)(wang)宮時,其(qi)弟赤(chi)德松贊(zan)早巳繼(ji)位執政,所以在(zai)赤(chi)德松贊(zan)賜給娘(niang)·定埃增(zeng)盟(meng)誓(shi)文書時,牟(mou)(mou)茹(ru)(ru)贊(zan)普(pu)以國王(wang)(wang)(wang)近親的(de)身份參加了盟(meng)誓(shi)。