簡介
漁(yu)洞(dong)(dong)溶洞(dong)(dong)位(wei)于凱里西面的(de)漁(yu)洞(dong)(dong)鄉,是一(yi)個天然形成的(de)喀(ka)斯特溶洞(dong)(dong),于1984年發(fa)現開發(fa),目前已經開發(fa)了2000米左右(you),還有尚未探(tan)明(ming)的(de)暗洞(dong)(dong)6000余(yu)米。洞(dong)(dong)前有小溪,兩岸林木(mu)繁茂,郁郁蔥(cong)蔥(cong),分為(wei)6層(ceng)5廳8段。洞(dong)(dong)內大量的(de)石鐘乳(ru)、石筍(sun)、石柱(zhu)、石花,琳(lin)瑯(lang)滿(man)目。
CaCO3碳(tan)酸鈣(gai)有(you)(you)(you)(you)這(zhe)樣一(yi)種性(xing)質:當(dang)它遇(yu)到溶(rong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)CO2的(de)(de)水時(shi)就會(hui)變(bian)(bian)成(cheng)可(ke)溶(rong)性(xing)的(de)(de)碳(tan)酸氫(qing)鈣(gai)[Ca(HCO3)2] CaCO3+CO2+H2O=Ca(HCO3)2 溶(rong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)碳(tan)酸氫(qing)鈣(gai)的(de)(de)水如(ru)果受熱或遇(yu)壓強突(tu)然(ran)變(bian)(bian)小時(shi)溶(rong)在水中的(de)(de)碳(tan)酸氫(qing)鈣(gai)就會(hui)分(fen)解,重新變(bian)(bian)成(cheng)碳(tan)酸鈣(gai)沉積(ji)下(xia)來。同時(shi)放出二氧化碳(tan)。 Ca(HCO3)2 =CaCO3↓+CO2↑+H2O 在自(zi)然(ran)界中不斷發生上(shang)述反(fan)應于是就形(xing)成(cheng)了溶(rong)洞(dong)中的(de)(de)各(ge)種景(jing)觀。世界上(shang)最大的(de)(de)溶(rong)洞(dong)是北美(mei)阿巴拉契亞山(shan)脈(mo)的(de)(de)猛犸洞(dong),位于肯塔基州境(jing)內,洞(dong)深64km,所有(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)岔洞(dong)連起(qi)來的(de)(de)總長(chang)度達250km。洞(dong)里(li)寬(kuan)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)方象廣場,窄的(de)(de)地(di)(di)方象長(chang)廊,高的(de)(de)地(di)(di)方有(you)(you)(you)(you)30m高,整(zheng)個洞(dong)平面上(shang)迂回曲(qu)折,垂向上(shang)可(ke)分(fen)出三(san)層。雨(yu)季(ji),整(zheng)個洞(dong)內都有(you)(you)(you)(you)流(liu)水,成(cheng)為地(di)(di)下(xia)河(he)流(liu)在坡折處(chu)河(he)水跌落(luo),形(xing)成(cheng)瀑布;旱季(ji),局(ju)部(bu)地(di)(di)區有(you)(you)(you)(you)水,成(cheng)地(di)(di)下(xia)湖泊,可(ke)能還有(you)(you)(you)(you)積(ji)水很(hen)深的(de)(de)潭(tan),不妨稱(cheng)無(wu)底潭(tan)。
形成原因
溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形成是(shi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)巖地(di)區地(di)下(xia)水長(chang)期溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)蝕(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結果,石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)巖里不(bu)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)碳(tan)(tan)酸鈣受水和(he)二氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)碳(tan)(tan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用能(neng)轉(zhuan)化(hua)(hua)為(wei)微(wei)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)碳(tan)(tan)酸氫(qing)鈣。由于(yu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)巖層各部(bu)分含(han)石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)質(zhi)多少(shao)不(bu)同(tong),被侵蝕(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)程度不(bu)同(tong),就(jiu)(jiu)逐漸被溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)解分割成互不(bu)相依(yi)、千(qian)(qian)姿(zi)百(bai)態(tai)、陡峭秀麗(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)山峰和(he)奇異景觀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)。如聞名于(yu)世的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)桂(gui)林溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)、北京(jing)石(shi)(shi)(shi)花洞(dong)(dong)(dong),就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)由于(yu)水和(he)二氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)碳(tan)(tan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)緩慢(man)侵蝕(shi)而創造出(chu)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)杰作。溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)有碳(tan)(tan)酸氫(qing)鈣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水,當從溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)頂滴到洞(dong)(dong)(dong)底時,由于(yu)水分蒸發(fa)(fa)或(huo)壓強減(jian)少(shao),以及溫度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變化(hua)(hua)都(dou)會(hui)使二氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)碳(tan)(tan)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)解度減(jian)小而析出(chu)碳(tan)(tan)酸鈣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沉淀(dian)。這些沉淀(dian)經過千(qian)(qian)百(bai)萬年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)積聚,漸漸形成了(le)鐘乳(ru)石(shi)(shi)(shi)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)筍等。如果溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)有碳(tan)(tan)酸氫(qing)鈣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水從溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)頂上滴落,隨著水分和(he)二氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)碳(tan)(tan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)揮發(fa)(fa),則析出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)碳(tan)(tan)酸鈣就(jiu)(jiu)會(hui)積聚成鐘乳(ru)石(shi)(shi)(shi)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)幔、石(shi)(shi)(shi)花。洞(dong)(dong)(dong)頂的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鐘乳(ru)石(shi)(shi)(shi)與地(di)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)筍連接起來(lai)了(le),就(jiu)(jiu)會(hui)形成奇特(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)柱。
中國知名溶洞
中國(guo)現(xian)知最長(chang)(chang)的(de)溶洞(dong)(dong)是(shi)湖北利川縣騰龍(long)洞(dong)(dong),長(chang)(chang)約40千米;最深(shen)的(de)為貴州水城吳家大(da)洞(dong)(dong)。深(shen)430米。 中國(guo)是(shi)個多溶洞(dong)(dong)的(de)國(guo)家,尤以廣西境內(nei)的(de)溶洞(dong)(dong)著稱(cheng),如桂林(lin)的(de)七(qi)星巖(yan)、蘆迪巖(yan)等。北京西南郊周口店(dian)附近的(de)上方山云水洞(dong)(dong),深(shen)612m,有(you)七(qi)個“大(da)廳”被一條窄長(chang)(chang)的(de)“走廊”相連(lian),洞(dong)(dong)的(de)盡頭是(shi)一個碩大(da)的(de)石(shi)筍,美(mei)名十八羅漢,石(shi)筍背后即是(shi)深(shen)不可及的(de)落(luo)水洞(dong)(dong),也(ye)有(you)一定規模。周口店(dian)的(de)龍(long)骨洞(dong)(dong),洞(dong)(dong)雖不大(da),卻是(shi)我們老祖宗(zong)的(de)棲身(shen)地。