1985年,錫林郭勒(le)草(cao)原自然(ran)保護區于經自治(zhi)區人(ren)民政(zheng)府批(pi)準成(cheng)立。
1987年,“聯合國(guo)教科(ke)文組織(zhi)人與生物圈計劃”將錫林郭勒草(cao)原自然保護區納入國(guo)際生物圈網絡。
1993年,納入(ru) “中國人與生物圈委員(yuan)會”網絡成員(yuan)。
1997年12月8日,國(guo)務院批準(zhun)晉(jin)升為國(guo)家級(ji)自然保護區。
2004年(nian),成為“中國生物(wu)多樣性(xing)保(bao)護基金(jin)會(hui)”自然保(bao)護區(qu)委(wei)員會(hui)成員。
錫(xi)(xi)林(lin)郭(guo)勒草(cao)原國家級(ji)自然保護區位于內蒙古自治(zhi)區錫(xi)(xi)林(lin)郭(guo)勒盟錫(xi)(xi)林(lin)浩特市境內,控制范圍以錫(xi)(xi)林(lin)河流域自然分水嶺為界(jie),總面積5800平方公里。
錫林郭勒草原國家級自然保護區在大地構(gou)造(zao)上屬于內蒙古海西褶(zhe)皺帶的東南部(bu),多為中生代火山巖(yan)及第三紀與第四紀初噴溢的玄武巖(yan),巖(yan)層平緩,第四紀松散沉(chen)積巖(yan)有廣泛覆蓋。
錫(xi)林郭勒草原(yuan)(yuan)地(di)(di)勢(shi)南(nan)高北(bei)低,錫(xi)林河(he)從(cong)東向(xiang)西橫穿保(bao)護區,沿岸(an)東西綿(mian)延分(fen)布(bu)有風積沙(sha)(sha)(sha)帶,沙(sha)(sha)(sha)丘起伏,以沙(sha)(sha)(sha)壟與新月形(xing)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)鏈波狀沙(sha)(sha)(sha)地(di)(di)為主(zhu),相(xiang)對(dui)高差(cha)多在10-20米,基本固定,僅局部有流沙(sha)(sha)(sha)裸露,沙(sha)(sha)(sha)地(di)(di)呈條帶狀分(fen)布(bu),并與灰騰梁南(nan)面的(de)渾善達(da)克(ke)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)地(di)(di)斷續相(xiang)連,成為渾善達(da)克(ke)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)地(di)(di)最北(bei)分(fen)布(bu)區。沙(sha)(sha)(sha)帶以北(bei)為構造剝蝕高平原(yuan)(yuan)地(di)(di)區,地(di)(di)形(xing)起伏,緩丘與溝(gou)谷(gu)相(xiang)間,高度50—150米,最大高差(cha)不超(chao)過250米。流域(yu)以南(nan)為玄武巖(yan)臺地(di)(di),臺地(di)(di)西部雖較平坦(tan),但因(yin)構造活(huo)動及(ji)剝蝕作用,形(xing)成了向(xiang)西北(bei)方向(xiang)傾斜下降(jiang)的(de)地(di)(di)貌。
保護區地處中國北方溫(wen)帶(dai)半干(gan)旱(han)草(cao)原地帶(dai),呈明顯的大(da)(da)陸(lu)性氣候,平均(jun)(jun)氣溫(wen)為零下(xia)0.2攝氏(shi)度(du)(du)(du)(du),極(ji)端(duan)(duan)最(zui)低為零下(xia)47.5攝氏(shi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(1978年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)1月),七月最(zui)暖,平均(jun)(jun)在18.2攝氏(shi)度(du)(du)(du)(du),極(ji)端(duan)(duan)最(zui)高32.8攝氏(shi)度(du)(du)(du)(du),冬季(ji)嚴寒,長(chang)達(da)5—6個(ge)月,日(ri)(ri)均(jun)(jun)溫(wen)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)等于(yu)(yu)10攝氏(shi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)的年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)積溫(wen)達(da)2000—2200度(du)(du)(du)(du),大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)等于(yu)(yu)5攝氏(shi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)的年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)積溫(wen)約1900—2700度(du)(du)(du)(du)。平均(jun)(jun)無霜期(qi)79天(tian),平均(jun)(jun)日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)時數(shu)2600小(xiao)時。可(ke)以滿足(zu)農(nong)作物和(he)牧草(cao)生(sheng)長(chang)發育的需(xu)要。年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)水量(liang)350—450毫(hao)(hao)米(mi),由東向(xiang)西遞減(jian),年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)內分布(bu)不均(jun)(jun)勻(yun),7、8兩月降(jiang)(jiang)水占全年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)總量(liang)的52%,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)變幅較(jiao)大(da)(da),旱(han)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)只有200毫(hao)(hao)米(mi),豐雨年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)可(ke)近(jin)500毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)。年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)蒸(zheng)發量(liang)1694.7毫(hao)(hao)米(mi),大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)降(jiang)(jiang)水量(liang)的4—5倍(bei)。平均(jun)(jun)風速為3.2米(mi)/秒(miao)(miao),春季(ji)最(zui)大(da)(da)平均(jun)(jun)為3.6米(mi)/秒(miao)(miao),大(da)(da)風日(ri)(ri)數(shu)71天(tian),多在春季(ji)4、5月份(fen),冬季(ji)最(zui)小(xiao),夏季(ji)居(ju)中。
保(bao)護區境內(nei)及(ji)周圍(wei)主要河(he)流(liu)(liu)有錫林河(he)、浩來圖河(he),流(liu)(liu)域(yu)面積為(wei)2600平(ping)(ping)方(fang)公里,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)最大流(liu)(liu)量為(wei)6.6立方(fang)米(mi)/秒(miao),最小為(wei)0.07立方(fang)米(mi)/秒(miao),年均(jun)為(wei)0.74立方(fang)米(mi)/秒(miao),年徑流(liu)(liu)量0.23億立方(fang)米(mi)。境內(nei)泉水出露甚多,但流(liu)(liu)量不大,流(liu)(liu)程不長(chang)。
保護區(qu)內的地帶性(xing)土(tu)(tu)壤為黑(hei)鈣(gai)土(tu)(tu)和暗(an)栗鈣(gai)土(tu)(tu),分別分布有黑(hei)鈣(gai)土(tu)(tu)區(qu),碳酸性(xing)黑(hei)鈣(gai)土(tu)(tu)區(qu),暗(an)栗鈣(gai)土(tu)(tu)區(qu),栗沙(sha)土(tu)(tu)與沙(sha)栗土(tu)(tu)區(qu),厚層(ceng)暗(an)栗鈣(gai)土(tu)(tu)區(qu),草甸、沼澤六(liu)個(ge)土(tu)(tu)區(qu)。
保護(hu)區控制范圍(wei)以錫(xi)林河流域自然分水嶺為界,總面積5800平方公里,地理坐標為:北(bei)緯43°26′至44°33′,東(dong)經(jing)115°32′至117°12′。處于內蒙古高原東(dong)部,與大興(xing)安嶺西側低山丘陵接壤。
保護區(qu)的管(guan)轄范圍包(bao)括白音(yin)錫(xi)勒牧場(全境(jing)(jing))、毛登(deng)牧場(全境(jing)(jing))、貝力克牧場(全境(jing)(jing))、白音(yin)庫倫牧場(北(bei)半部)、伊利勒特蘇木(全境(jing)(jing))、巴彥寶力格蘇木(全境(jing)(jing))。另(ling)外還包(bao)括西烏珠穆(mu)沁旗(qi)和阿巴嘎旗(qi)部分地區(qu)。
保護錫林(lin)(lin)河流域范圍內(nei)半(ban)干旱氣候條件下(xia)發育(yu)(yu)在(zai)栗鈣土(tu)上(shang)的(de)典型草原(yuan)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系(xi)統(tong);在(zai)半(ban)濕(shi)潤氣候條件下(xia)發育(yu)(yu)在(zai)黑鈣土(tu)上(shang)的(de)草甸草原(yuan)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系(xi)統(tong);草原(yuan)地帶沙地森林(lin)(lin)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系(xi)統(tong)以及河谷濕(shi)地生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系(xi)統(tong)等結構與功能的(de)完整(zheng)性;在(zai)各生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)繁(fan)衍生(sheng)息(xi)的(de)野生(sheng)動物、植(zhi)物、菌類的(de)多樣性,對瀕危(wei)物種實行特殊(shu)保護;保護和管理(li)保護區內(nei)的(de)自然和人文景(jing)觀資源(yuan)。
錫(xi)林(lin)(lin)郭(guo)勒草(cao)(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)自然(ran)保護區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)天然(ran)植被類型(xing)以森林(lin)(lin)、草(cao)(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、濕(shi)地為(wei)主(zhu)體(ti),并有沙(sha)地疏(shu)林(lin)(lin)、灌叢(cong)(cong)、河(he)漫灘(tan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)甸(dian)、沼(zhao)澤,形(xing)成有規(gui)律結(jie)合格(ge)局。以大(da)針茅(mao)(mao)(Stipagrandis)、克氏針茅(mao)(mao)(Stipakrylovii)和羊草(cao)(cao)(cao)(Leymuschinense)為(wei)建群種的(de)(de)(de)叢(cong)(cong)生(sheng)(sheng)禾(he)—根莖(jing)禾(he)草(cao)(cao)(cao)草(cao)(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(firmbunchgrassesandrootstockgrasses),即典型(xing)草(cao)(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(typicalsteppe),為(wei)保護區(qu)境(jing)內分布(bu)面積(ji)最大(da)的(de)(de)(de)地帶性植被類型(xing),主(zhu)要集中分布(bu)在(zai)(zai)錫(xi)林(lin)(lin)河(he)流(liu)(liu)域中部(bu)(bu)高平原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。而(er)在(zai)(zai)錫(xi)林(lin)(lin)河(he)上游,海拔(ba)升高,氣候濕(shi)潤(run)度增加,則發育(yu)著(zhu)以貝加爾針茅(mao)(mao)(Stipabaicalensis)、羊茅(mao)(mao)(Festucadahurica)、線葉(xie)菊(ju)(Filifoliumsibiricum)為(wei)優勢種的(de)(de)(de)草(cao)(cao)(cao)甸(dian)草(cao)(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。因而(er),在(zai)(zai)錫(xi)林(lin)(lin)河(he)流(liu)(liu)域構成了草(cao)(cao)(cao)甸(dian)草(cao)(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)—典型(xing)草(cao)(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)—干旱草(cao)(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(典型(xing)草(cao)(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)變形(xing))的(de)(de)(de)完整生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系列,為(wei)溫(wen)帶亞洲東(dong)部(bu)(bu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)圈研究和動態(tai)(tai)監(jian)測提供了一個理(li)想的(de)(de)(de)實驗(yan)場地。在(zai)(zai)沙(sha)地、濕(shi)地等特(te)異(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)境(jing)上發育(yu)的(de)(de)(de)沙(sha)地云杉林(lin)(lin)群落(luo)片斷、山楊白樺林(lin)(lin)班塊、多(duo)種灌叢(cong)(cong)、榆樹(shu)疏(shu)林(lin)(lin)和草(cao)(cao)(cao)甸(dian)、沼(zhao)澤群落(luo),使保護區(qu)境(jing)內的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多(duo)樣性水(shui)平顯(xian)著(zhu)提高。
保護區(qu)境(jing)內(nei)共(gong)有(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物658種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),分(fen)屬299屬、74科;苔鮮植(zhi)(zhi)物74種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),常見大型真菌(jun)40多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),常見地(di)衣(yi)29種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),藻類尚未進(jin)行深入的(de)研究。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物區(qu)系(xi)地(di)理成分(fen)比(bi)較復雜(za)。以組成蒙(meng)(meng)古草(cao)原(yuan)植(zhi)(zhi)被主體的(de)達烏里—蒙(meng)(meng)古種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),亞(ya)(ya)洲中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)比(bi)例最高,合(he)占24.4%;黑海(hai)—哈薩克斯(si)坦和哈薩克斯(si)坦—蒙(meng)(meng)古種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)合(he)占5.8%,古地(di)中(zhong)海(hai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)占1.1%,反映了(le)歐(ou)亞(ya)(ya)大陸草(cao)原(yuan)植(zhi)(zhi)被的(de)統一性。錫林(lin)郭勒流域的(de)上游靠(kao)近大興安嶺南部(bu)(bu)山地(di)和渾(hun)善(shan)達克沙地(di),所以為(wei)北(bei)方(fang)山地(di)森林(lin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(包括(kuo)(kuo)東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)伯利亞(ya)(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和歐(ou)洲—西(xi)伯利亞(ya)(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong))和東(dong)(dong)(dong)亞(ya)(ya)森林(lin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(包括(kuo)(kuo)東(dong)(dong)(dong)亞(ya)(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、東(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、華北(bei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong))的(de)滲(shen)透提供(gong)了(le)條件(jian),并成為(wei)許多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)向蒙(meng)(meng)古高原(yuan)分(fen)布區(qu)的(de)西(xi)部(bu)(bu)的(de)北(bei)部(bu)(bu)邊界(jie)。例如:夏綠灌木虎(hu)榛(zhen)子(zi)(zi)(Ostyopsisdavidiana)(中(zhong)國特有(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong))、沙地(di)云杉林(lin)(Piceameyerivar.mongolica)和油松(Pinustabulaeformis)(華北(bei)特有(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong))分(fen)布的(de)北(bei)界(jie)都(dou)在(zai)本區(qu)境(jing)內(nei)及毗鄰地(di)區(qu)。
保(bao)護區內(nei)有(you)(you)(you)426種不同價(jia)值的藥用植物,其中(zhong)(zhong)121種較重要。最常用中(zhong)(zhong)藥38種。主產內(nei)蒙古在(zai)本(ben)地(di)(di)區也有(you)(you)(you)一定產量的有(you)(you)(you):麻黃、甘草(cao)、黃芪、芍(shao)藥、黃芩(qin)、防風、柴胡、秦艽、白(bai)鮮、苦杏仁、銀(yin)柴胡、知(zhi)母。其他(ta)常用藥材有(you)(you)(you):茵陳、葶藶(li)、益母草(cao)、地(di)(di)丁、遠志(zhi)、瞿麥、蒲(pu)公英(ying)、地(di)(di)榆(yu)、漏蘆(lu)、紫苑、車前、旋復花、茜草(cao)、蘆(lu)葦等。常用于蒙藥的有(you)(you)(you)草(cao)烏(wu)、香青蘭、肋柱花、蘭盆花、遼齒英(ying)、扁蕾、接骨木、多(duo)葉(xie)棘豆、泡(pao)小(xiao)檗、菖蒲(pu)等。
飼(si)用為草(cao)(cao)原地(di)區(qu)植(zhi)物的(de)重要功能,錫林(lin)郭(guo)勒草(cao)(cao)原有優良(liang)牧草(cao)(cao)116種,其中優等(deng)65種,特(te)別是黃(huang)花(hua)苜(mu)(mu)(mu)蓿(xu)(xu)、無(wu)芒雀麥等(deng)有較大面(mian)積分布。優良(liang)牧草(cao)(cao)主要屬(shu)豆科和禾(he)本科,如黃(huang)花(hua)苜(mu)(mu)(mu)蓿(xu)(xu)、天蘭苜(mu)(mu)(mu)蓿(xu)(xu)、野(ye)(ye)火(huo)球、野(ye)(ye)豌豆、山(shan)黧豆、扁蓿(xu)(xu)豆、華北黃(huang)芪等(deng);羊草(cao)(cao)、無(wu)芒雀麥、冰(bing)草(cao)(cao)、看麥娘、羊茅(mao)、野(ye)(ye)黑麥、小糠草(cao)(cao)等(deng);莎草(cao)(cao)科苔(tai)(tai)(tai)草(cao)(cao)屬(shu),如寸草(cao)(cao)苔(tai)(tai)(tai)、黃(huang)囊苔(tai)(tai)(tai)草(cao)(cao)、無(wu)脈苔(tai)(tai)(tai)草(cao)(cao)等(deng);菊科的(de)冷蒿、沙蒿、藜科的(de)大地(di)膚(fu)、駝絨藜;百合科的(de)野(ye)(ye)韭(jiu)、山(shan)蔥、細葉蔥等(deng)。
錫林(lin)(lin)郭(guo)勒草(cao)原及其周邊地區(qu)共分布(bu)有(you)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)17目42 科105屬 198 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其中(zhong)留(liu)(liu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)37種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),夏(xia)候(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)126種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),旅鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)35 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),冬候(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。留(liu)(liu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)較(jiao)少(shao),占總物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數的(de)近20%,夏(xia)候(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(主要是(shi)水(shui)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao))種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)最多,占總物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數的(de)60%以上(shang),旅鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)和留(liu)(liu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)相(xiang)當。該區(qu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)分布(bu)的(de)一個特點是(shi),草(cao)原鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)和低濕地鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)所(suo)占比例較(jiao)大,此外由于保護區(qu)內還(huan)分布(bu)有(you)較(jiao)大面積的(de)沙地疏林(lin)(lin)及云杉林(lin)(lin),所(suo)以林(lin)(lin)行(xing)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)也(ye)有(you)一定的(de)分布(bu)。
哺乳動物6目14科35屬(shu)50種(zhong)。其中嚙齒(chi)目的種(zhong)類最多有(you)22種(zhong),食肉目次(ci)之,有(you)15種(zhong)。
有(you)(you)珍稀瀕危(wei)(wei)獸類(lei)19種(zhong),主要是食(shi)肉類(lei)和偶蹄類(lei)。其中列(lie)入中國(guo)(guo)(guo)物(wu)種(zhong)紅色名錄(lu)評極(ji)危(wei)(wei)等(deng)級(ji)的有(you)(you)1種(zhong),瀕危(wei)(wei)等(deng)級(ji)的有(you)(you)5種(zhong),易危(wei)(wei)等(deng)級(ji)的有(you)(you)9種(zhong),漸危(wei)(wei)的等(deng)級(ji)有(you)(you)4種(zhong)。國(guo)(guo)(guo)家二級(ji)保護動物(wu)8種(zhong),其中5種(zhong)列(lie)入瀕危(wei)(wei)物(wu)種(zhong)動植(zhi)物(wu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際貿易公約附錄(lu)(CITES)。
保(bao)護區(qu)管理(li)(li)機構為內蒙古(gu)(gu)錫林郭勒國家級(ji)草原自然保(bao)護區(qu)管理(li)(li)局,事業單位(wei),隸屬于(yu)錫林郭勒盟行(xing)(xing)政公署,由盟城(cheng)鄉(xiang)建(jian)設(she)環(huan)境保(bao)護局歸(gui)口管理(li)(li),在(zai)業務(wu)上受內蒙古(gu)(gu)自治區(qu)環(huan)境保(bao)護局、內蒙古(gu)(gu)自治區(qu)畜牧廳的指(zhi)導(dao)。局內設(she)資源保(bao)護科(ke)(ke)、科(ke)(ke)研宣教科(ke)(ke)、行(xing)(xing)政辦公室三個(ge)(ge)職能科(ke)(ke)室。下設(she)生態旅游服務(wu)中(zhong)心1個(ge)(ge),野生動物救護中(zhong)心1個(ge)(ge),基(ji)層管理(li)(li)站6個(ge)(ge)。
保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)設有“內(nei)蒙古(gu)錫林郭勒(le)草原自(zi)然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)草原生(sheng)態(tai)監測(ce)站(zhan)(zhan)”,屬于內(nei)蒙古(gu)草原生(sheng)態(tai)監測(ce)站(zhan)(zhan)的一個子站(zhan)(zhan),負責對保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)境內(nei)的植(zhi)物、大(da)氣、錫林河水(shui)系(xi)的動態(tai)監測(ce)。
在1985年的(de)第一期保護(hu)區(qu)規劃建設中,將四個具有(you)代表性(xing)的(de)生態系統及其珍(zhen)稀、殘遺、瀕危植物分布地劃定為(wei)核(he)心(xin)區(qu),進(jin)行管理、建設。
錫(xi)林(lin)郭勒(le)(le)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)國家級自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)區是中國建(jian)立的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第一(yi)個草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)類自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)區,該區域(yu)是中國北(bei)方(fang)基本上還保(bao)留完整的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個溫(wen)帶草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)景觀(guan)(guan)區域(yu),分布有(you)(you)半干(gan)旱氣候(hou)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)下(xia)發育在(zai)(zai)栗鈣土(tu)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)典(dian)型草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)系(xi)統(tong)、在(zai)(zai)半濕(shi)(shi)潤氣候(hou)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)下(xia)發育在(zai)(zai)黑(hei)黑(hei)鈣土(tu)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)甸(dian)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)系(xi)統(tong)、草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)地(di)(di)帶沙地(di)(di)森(sen)林(lin)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)系(xi)統(tong)以(yi)(yi)及河谷(gu)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)系(xi)統(tong),在(zai)(zai)內(nei)蒙古(gu)高(gao)(gao)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區具(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)很好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)典(dian)型性和代(dai)表性,是優(you)良的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)天(tian)然(ran)放(fang)牧場,是中國北(bei)方(fang)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)畜牧業基地(di)(di)之(zhi)一(yi),是中國北(bei)方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)屏障。錫(xi)林(lin)郭勒(le)(le)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)區對(dui)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)系(xi)統(tong)保(bao)護(hu)與區域(yu)畜牧業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)q持續發展以(yi)(yi)及維護(hu)國家生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)安全的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)任務,具(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)特殊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)保(bao)護(hu)價值。錫(xi)林(lin)郭勒(le)(le)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)區位于(yu)錫(xi)林(lin)郭勒(le)(le)大(da)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)腹地(di)(di),境內(nei)具(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)復雜多樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)系(xi)統(tong)和豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)植物資源,草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、森(sen)林(lin)、河流、湖泊和沙地(di)(di)等(deng)各類生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)系(xi)統(tong)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)有(you)(you)規律的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結合格局,以(yi)(yi)針茅、羊草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、羊茅等(deng)各種植物為建(jian)群種所構成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),具(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)很高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)觀(guan)(guan)賞、科研、保(bao)護(hu)價值。錫(xi)林(lin)郭勒(le)(le)大(da)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)源遠流長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蒙古(gu)文化底(di)蘊,獨具(ju)(ju)(ju)特色(se)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蒙古(gu)風(feng)情和蒙古(gu)民族在(zai)(zai)長期(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)活中所創造的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歌舞、藝術、建(jian)筑、風(feng)俗(su)、服(fu)飾、節(jie)慶活動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)和宗(zong)教(jiao)儀(yi)式等(deng)傳(chuan)統(tong)文化以(yi)(yi)及蒙古(gu)民族粗獷豪放(fang)、熱情好客的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性格,強烈地(di)(di)吸(xi)引著國內(nei)外的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)參觀(guan)(guan)者。
保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)是中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)北(bei)方基本上保(bao)留完整的(de)(de)(de)一個溫帶(dai)草原(yuan)景觀(guan)區(qu)域,具有典型性(xing)和代表性(xing),是進行草原(yuan)生態系統(tong)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)和教(jiao)學(xue)實習(xi)、宣(xuan)傳環(huan)保(bao)知(zhi)識以及對外交流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)場所。中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)科(ke)學(xue)院(yuan)草原(yuan)生態系統(tong)定(ding)位(wei)(wei)站位(wei)(wei)于保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)境(jing)內(nei),每年都有大批(pi)的(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)內(nei)外專家學(xue)者到此進行科(ke)學(xue)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)。保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)科(ke)研(yan)(yan)監(jian)測中(zhong)心建有“人(ren)與(yu)自然展(zhan)覽館”,吸引(yin)著大批(pi)的(de)(de)(de)參觀(guan)者,已成為環(huan)境(jing)教(jiao)育(yu)和愛國(guo)(guo)主(zhu)義(yi)教(jiao)育(yu)基地。保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)于1995年與(yu)澳大利亞普(pu)克馬克生物圈保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)結為姐妹友(you)好關系,創造性(xing)地開展(zhan)了國(guo)(guo)際間生物圈保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)友(you)好交流(liu)。這種交流(liu)將在保(bao)護(hu)(hu)自然這一共同目標的(de)(de)(de)指引(yin)下,隨著資(zi)訊和人(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)交流(liu)而不(bu)斷(duan)加強。通過保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)間的(de)(de)(de)往(wang)來(lai),帶(dai)動了兩地文化、經濟等多方位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)交流(liu)與(yu)合(he)作(zuo)。