2003年2月19日,經內蒙古大興(xing)安(an)嶺(ling)林業管理局批準(zhun),建立(li)畢拉(la)河盟市級自然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)區。
2004年(nian)7月21日,畢拉河自(zi)然保護區(qu)(qu)被國(guo)家(jia)林業局批(pi)準為省(sheng)部級的自(zi)然保護區(qu)(qu)。
2012年3月5日,被確定(ding)為自治(zhi)區(qu)級(ji)自然保護區(qu)。
2014年12月(yue)5日,經國(guo)務院(yuan)辦公廳批準,晉升為國(guo)家(jia)級(ji)自然保護區。
內(nei)蒙(meng)古畢拉河國(guo)家級自(zi)(zi)然保護區位于(yu)內(nei)蒙(meng)古大興安嶺畢拉河林(lin)業局達爾濱湖林(lin)場和扎文河林(lin)場境(jing)內(nei),行政區域隸屬于(yu)內(nei)蒙(meng)古自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)區呼倫貝爾市鄂倫春自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)旗(qi)諾敏(min)鎮,屬于(yu)大興安嶺北段東(dong)麓的(de)森林(lin)、灌叢向草(cao)原與農牧(mu)過度的(de)嫩江流域。
內(nei)蒙古(gu)畢拉河國家(jia)級(ji)自然保護區位于大(da)興(xing)安嶺(ling)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)南麓,屬大(da)興(xing)安嶺(ling)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)南坡(po)嫩江流域(yu),地(di)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)屬大(da)興(xing)安嶺(ling)中(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)代(dai)(dai)復(fu)式背(bei)斜構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao),褶皺(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)軸(zhou)向多為(wei)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)向。跨越(yue)喜桂圖(tu)旗中(zhong)華(hua)力(li)西(xi)(xi)地(di)槽褶皺(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)帶和東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)烏珠穆沁旗早華(hua)力(li)西(xi)(xi)地(di)槽褶皺(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)帶兩個次級(ji)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)單元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),頭道橋—鄂倫春深斷(duan)(duan)裂(lie)(lie)從(cong)其境(jing)內(nei)穿過,受(shou)(shou)深斷(duan)(duan)裂(lie)(lie)影響(xiang)區域(yu)內(nei)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)漿(jiang)(jiang)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)頻繁,出露地(di)層(ceng)(ceng)以中(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)代(dai)(dai)火(huo)山(shan)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)及(ji)火(huo)山(shan)碎屑(xie)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)為(wei)主,分布(bu)(bu)廣(guang);元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)古(gu)界、古(gu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)代(dai)(dai)地(di)層(ceng)(ceng)零星(xing)分布(bu)(bu)。中(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)代(dai)(dai)主要(yao)為(wei)侏羅系(xi)中(zhong)上統及(ji)白堊系(xi)下統火(huo)山(shan)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)及(ji)火(huo)山(shan)碎屑(xie)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),廣(guang)泛分布(bu)(bu);元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)古(gu)界主要(yao)為(wei)興(xing)華(hua)渡口群,零星(xing)分布(bu)(bu);古(gu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)代(dai)(dai)地(di)層(ceng)(ceng)主要(yao)是(shi)石(shi)炭系(xi)、泥盆系(xi)變(bian)(bian)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)零星(xing)分布(bu)(bu)。區域(yu)上由(you)于受(shou)(shou)頭道橋—鄂倫春深斷(duan)(duan)裂(lie)(lie)影響(xiang),從(cong)泥盆紀后經(jing)歷多次構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)運動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),特(te)(te)定的(de)地(di)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)環境(jing)奠定本區巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)漿(jiang)(jiang)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、火(huo)山(shan)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、變(bian)(bian)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)用的(de)多期(qi)性(xing)(xing)、長期(qi)性(xing)(xing)、復(fu)雜性(xing)(xing),與(yu)成(cheng)礦作(zuo)(zuo)用關(guan)系(xi)較密切(qie)。侵(qin)(qin)入(ru)(ru)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)存(cun)在華(hua)力(li)西(xi)(xi)期(qi)、燕山(shan)期(qi)二(er)期(qi)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)漿(jiang)(jiang)侵(qin)(qin)入(ru)(ru)旋(xuan)回。本區地(di)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)復(fu)雜,經(jing)歷三(san)個大(da)的(de)發(fa)(fa)展階段(duan),即(ji)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)古(gu)代(dai)(dai)硅鋁(lv)殼(ke)形成(cheng)階段(duan);加里東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)—華(hua)力(li)西(xi)(xi)期(qi)西(xi)(xi)伯利亞(ya)板(ban)塊(kuai)(kuai)南部大(da)陸邊緣發(fa)(fa)展階段(duan);中(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)代(dai)(dai)板(ban)內(nei)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)發(fa)(fa)展階段(duan)。依據沉積建造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)、巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)漿(jiang)(jiang)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)變(bian)(bian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)等特(te)(te)征可劃分為(wei)五個構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)層(ceng)(ceng),即(ji)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)古(gu)代(dai)(dai)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)晚(wan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)古(gu)—早古(gu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)代(dai)(dai)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)層(ceng)(ceng)、晚(wan)古(gu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)代(dai)(dai)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)層(ceng)(ceng)、中(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)代(dai)(dai)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)層(ceng)(ceng)及(ji)新生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)代(dai)(dai)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)層(ceng)(ceng)。早期(qi)以板(ban)塊(kuai)(kuai)的(de)“開”、“合”為(wei)特(te)(te)征,形成(cheng)不(bu)同類型的(de)板(ban)緣構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao);晚(wan)期(qi)受(shou)(shou)太平洋板(ban)塊(kuai)(kuai)對亞(ya)洲大(da)陸的(de)擠(ji)壓和俯沖(chong)作(zuo)(zuo)用的(de)影響(xiang),形成(cheng)一系(xi)列NE(北東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong))—NNE(北北東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong))向為(wei)主導的(de)板(ban)內(nei)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao),包(bao)括各種斷(duan)(duan)裂(lie)(lie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao),火(huo)山(shan)噴發(fa)(fa)帶及(ji)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)漿(jiang)(jiang)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)帶,總(zong)體顯(xian)示“活(huo)化”特(te)(te)征。測區構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)演(yan)化總(zong)趨勢是(shi):由(you)板(ban)緣構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)向板(ban)內(nei)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)演(yan)變(bian)(bian),板(ban)塊(kuai)(kuai)剛性(xing)(xing)不(bu)斷(duan)(duan)增強,板(ban)內(nei)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)愈(yu)來愈(yu)復(fu)雜多樣(yang)。形成(cheng)的(de)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)石(shi)主要(yao)有花崗(gang)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、玄武巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、花斑巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、碎屑(xie)灰巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、凝灰巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。
內(nei)蒙古畢(bi)拉河(he)國家(jia)級自(zi)然保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)地(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)的構成(cheng)主要(yao)是(shi)中生代末(mo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、第(di)三紀(ji)早(zao)(zao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)具備雛形(xing)(xing)。中生代末(mo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)以(yi)前,大(da)(da)(da)(da)興(xing)安嶺為上(shang)升(sheng)隆(long)起的構造活(huo)動(dong),中生代末(mo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、第(di)三紀(ji)早(zao)(zao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),構造活(huo)動(dong)比較(jiao)(jiao)平靜,大(da)(da)(da)(da)興(xing)安嶺山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)遭受剝蝕、夷平作(zuo)用(yong),這種狀況(kuang)一(yi)直延續到第(di)三紀(ji)晚期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。第(di)四(si)紀(ji)時期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),大(da)(da)(da)(da)興(xing)安嶺山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)又傾斜式大(da)(da)(da)(da)面積隆(long)起,地(di)(di)(di)殼緩慢上(shang)升(sheng),松(song)嫩平原(yuan)間歇性下沉(chen),由于(yu)兩者垂直運動(dong)幅度(du)(du)不(bu)大(da)(da)(da)(da),從西北蜿蜒伸入到旗(qi)內(nei)的數道大(da)(da)(da)(da)興(xing)安嶺余脈,沒有深溝峽谷(gu),峭壁陡(dou)崖(ya),相對高(gao)差一(yi)般不(bu)超過500~600米(mi),地(di)(di)(di)面坡度(du)(du)都小于(yu)40°。這是(shi)區(qu)內(nei)地(di)(di)(di)形(xing)(xing)地(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)的第(di)一(yi)特(te)點。第(di)四(si)紀(ji)后,由于(yu)氣候條(tiao)件曾發生較(jiao)(jiao)復雜(za)的變化(hua),在(zai)地(di)(di)(di)殼的內(nei)、外(wai)力綜(zong)合作(zuo)用(yong)下,低(di)山(shan)和丘陵的頂部變得圓滑,形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)較(jiao)(jiao)寬闊的河(he)谷(gu)平原(yuan)。這是(shi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)地(di)(di)(di)形(xing)(xing)地(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)的第(di)二特(te)點。保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)地(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)分為山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)、丘陵、河(he)谷(gu)、平原(yuan)等類型。保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)地(di)(di)(di)形(xing)(xing)高(gao)差變化(hua)較(jiao)(jiao)小,海拔高(gao)度(du)(du)在(zai)377~886米(mi)之間,地(di)(di)(di)勢(shi)北高(gao)南低(di),由西北向東南緩慢傾斜。
內蒙古畢拉(la)河國家級自(zi)然保護區屬中(zhong)(zhong)溫(wen)(wen)帶濕(shi)(shi)潤、半濕(shi)(shi)潤大陸性(xing)季(ji)風氣候(hou)。由(you)于(yu)緯度偏高(gao),遠離海洋,加(jia)之大興安嶺的屏障作用,使濕(shi)(shi)潤的海洋性(xing)氣候(hou)團的影(ying)響減(jian)弱,境域大部分(fen)時間在西(xi)伯利亞(ya)高(gao)壓的控制(zhi)之下,形成區域氣候(hou)特點:春季(ji)多風,降水稀少,氣溫(wen)(wen)多變;夏季(ji)溫(wen)(wen)和,降水集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong);秋季(ji)降溫(wen)(wen)劇烈,霜期早;冬(dong)季(ji)漫(man)長嚴寒。年平(ping)均溫(wen)(wen)度為﹣1.1℃,極端最(zui)高(gao)氣溫(wen)(wen)35.4℃,極端最(zui)低(di)氣溫(wen)(wen)-46.0℃。≥10℃的年積溫(wen)(wen)2014.4℃。年平(ping)均降水量為479.4毫米,降水主(zhu)要集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)在六(liu)、七、八月份,無霜期130天左右。主(zhu)要風向為西(xi)北風,年平(ping)均風速為1.9米/秒。
內蒙古畢(bi)(bi)拉河(he)(he)(he)(he)國(guo)家(jia)級(ji)自然保(bao)(bao)護區內為地形起伏較大的山地,受東南海(hai)洋性濕潤暖(nuan)氣流(liu)影響,年均(jun)降水量479.4 mm,產匯流(liu)條件好(hao),水蝕作用強,河(he)(he)(he)(he)網較發(fa)育,是嫩(nen)江上(shang)游(you)主要產流(liu)區。保(bao)(bao)護區主要河(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)有畢(bi)(bi)拉河(he)(he)(he)(he)、扎文河(he)(he)(he)(he)、畢(bi)(bi)二(er)溝河(he)(he)(he)(he)等,畢(bi)(bi)拉河(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)經(jing)保(bao)(bao)護區23 km;扎文河(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)經(jing)本區11km,注入畢(bi)(bi)拉河(he)(he)(he)(he);畢(bi)(bi)二(er)溝河(he)(he)(he)(he)發(fa)源于本區并(bing)流(liu)經(jing)35km,區內河(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)交錯,水澈透明。流(liu)域內樹木繁(fan)茂,植被(bei)良(liang)好(hao),水土流(liu)失輕微,河(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)含(han)沙量甚(shen)小(xiao)。
畢拉(la)河(he)位(wei)于(yu)大興安(an)嶺北段東麓(lu),屬諾敏河(he)大支流(liu)(liu)(liu),流(liu)(liu)(liu)經畢拉(la)河(he)林(lin)(lin)業局83km,流(liu)(liu)(liu)經保護區(qu)境(jing)內(nei)23km。畢拉(la)河(he)源頭位(wei)于(yu)大興安(an)嶺森林(lin)(lin)腹(fu)地,畢拉(la)河(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)擁有嫩(nen)江(jiang)西岸大的高山湖泊——達爾濱(bin)湖、大興安(an)嶺長的峽(xia)谷和面積廣闊的火山熔(rong)巖群。河(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)沿岸生(sheng)態與環境(jing)良好,無(wu)(wu)任何(he)工礦(kuang)企業,河(he)水清澈、無(wu)(wu)污染、魚類種類繁(fan)多。
畢(bi)拉河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)上(shang)游兩岸(an)植(zhi)被(bei)茂盛,河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)平緩,到中下游河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)進入大興(xing)安嶺的(de)一(yi)條大峽(xia)谷(gu)(gu),峽(xia)谷(gu)(gu)長(chang)約(yue)數十千米,深(shen)30~50m,兩岸(an)寬約(yue)100~150m,是火(huo)山噴發(fa)時沖擊(ji)出的(de)溝壑。畢(bi)拉河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)從峽(xia)谷(gu)(gu)穿梭而(er)下,峽(xia)谷(gu)(gu)兩岸(an)植(zhi)被(bei)大多(duo)為針葉、闊葉混交林;河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)床遍布火(huo)山熔巖。河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)清澈、水(shui)(shui)流(liu)湍急,水(shui)(shui)深(shen)1~1.5m。河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)流(liu)動的(de)聲音,在數百米之外都可以聽得真(zhen)真(zhen)切(qie)切(qie)。畢(bi)拉河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)域(yu)地(di)質奇特、植(zhi)被(bei)類型多(duo)樣、自然生態(tai)平衡,極具(ju)旅游、科考、保護(hu)價值。
此(ci)外,保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)內的扎文河,流經該區(qu)(qu)域(yu)北部(bu)約11km,平(ping)均(jun)河寬20m,平(ping)均(jun)水(shui)深(shen)1.5m,流速(su)0.4m/s。保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)內的畢二溝河,全(quan)長約35km,平(ping)均(jun)水(shui)深(shen)1~3m,平(ping)均(jun)流速(su)0.3~0.7m/s。
畢拉河自然保護(hu)區受大興安嶺地形及森林植被的影響,在(zai)(zai)全市內屬弱(ruo)風(feng)區。大興安嶺山脈(mo)阻擋西(xi)北寒流南下,茂密的森林具有明(ming)顯的防風(feng)效應。年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均風(feng)速為(wei)1.9 m/s。月平(ping)(ping)均風(feng)速以春(chun)季(ji)最(zui)大,夏季(ji)最(zui)小(xiao),年(nian)最(zui)大風(feng)速在(zai)(zai)20~24 m/s(主要(yao)出現在(zai)(zai)春(chun)季(ji)),年(nian)內各月盛(sheng)行風(feng)自北向南依次為(wei)西(xi)、西(xi)北及北風(feng),主要(yao)風(feng)向為(wei)西(xi)北風(feng)。
2006年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均風(feng)(feng)(feng)速(su)(su)(su)1.9 m/s。3月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)最(zui)大(da)(da)(da)風(feng)(feng)(feng)速(su)(su)(su)2.6 m/s;11月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)最(zui)小(xiao)(xiao)風(feng)(feng)(feng)速(su)(su)(su)1.6 m/s。全(quan)(quan)(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)17 m/s以(yi)上(shang)的大(da)(da)(da)風(feng)(feng)(feng)日(ri)數(shu)(shu)(shu)11 d,其中3~6月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)大(da)(da)(da)風(feng)(feng)(feng)日(ri)數(shu)(shu)(shu)8 d,8月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)大(da)(da)(da)風(feng)(feng)(feng)日(ri)數(shu)(shu)(shu)3 d。2007年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均風(feng)(feng)(feng)速(su)(su)(su)1.9 m/s。5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)最(zui)大(da)(da)(da)風(feng)(feng)(feng)速(su)(su)(su)2.7 m/s;12月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)最(zui)小(xiao)(xiao)風(feng)(feng)(feng)速(su)(su)(su)1.4 m/s。全(quan)(quan)(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)17 m/s以(yi)上(shang)的大(da)(da)(da)風(feng)(feng)(feng)日(ri)數(shu)(shu)(shu)4 d,其中5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)大(da)(da)(da)風(feng)(feng)(feng)日(ri)數(shu)(shu)(shu)4 d。2008年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均風(feng)(feng)(feng)速(su)(su)(su)1.9 m/s。5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)最(zui)大(da)(da)(da)風(feng)(feng)(feng)速(su)(su)(su)2.1 m/s;12月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)最(zui)小(xiao)(xiao)風(feng)(feng)(feng)速(su)(su)(su)1.5 m/s。全(quan)(quan)(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)17 m/s以(yi)上(shang)大(da)(da)(da)風(feng)(feng)(feng)日(ri)數(shu)(shu)(shu)2 d,6、7月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)各1 d。2009年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均風(feng)(feng)(feng)速(su)(su)(su)1.9 m/s。3月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)最(zui)大(da)(da)(da)風(feng)(feng)(feng)速(su)(su)(su)2.2 m/s;12月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),最(zui)小(xiao)(xiao)風(feng)(feng)(feng)速(su)(su)(su)1.4 m/s。全(quan)(quan)(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)大(da)(da)(da)風(feng)(feng)(feng)日(ri)數(shu)(shu)(shu)3 d,其中4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)大(da)(da)(da)風(feng)(feng)(feng)日(ri)數(shu)(shu)(shu)2 d,7、9月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)各1 d。2010年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均風(feng)(feng)(feng)速(su)(su)(su)1.9 m/s。5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)最(zui)大(da)(da)(da)風(feng)(feng)(feng)速(su)(su)(su)3.1 m/s;2月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)和7月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),最(zui)小(xiao)(xiao)風(feng)(feng)(feng)速(su)(su)(su)1.5 m/s。全(quan)(quan)(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)17 m/s以(yi)上(shang)大(da)(da)(da)風(feng)(feng)(feng)日(ri)數(shu)(shu)(shu)5 d,均在5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)。
內(nei)蒙古畢拉河(he)國家級自然保(bao)護區(qu)東(dong)與巴提克林場接壤(rang),南(nan)與大二溝林場相鄰(lin),西與北(bei)大河(he)林場毗鄰(lin),北(bei)與羊其(qi)河(he)林場相接,地理坐標介于東(dong)經(jing)123°04′28.9″~123°29′16.1″,北(bei)緯49°19′39.5″~49°38′29.7″之間。保(bao)護區(qu)總面積為(wei)56604公(gong)頃,其(qi)中核心區(qu)面積23009公(gong)頃,緩沖區(qu)面積20289公(gong)頃,實驗區(qu)面積13306公(gong)頃。
內蒙(meng)古畢拉河國家級自然保護區(qu)重(zhong)點保護對象(xiang)為森(sen)林沼澤(ze)、草(cao)本(ben)沼澤(ze)以及珍稀瀕危(wei)野生動植物等。
截至2012年,內(nei)蒙古畢(bi)拉河國家級自然保護區有(you)高等(deng)植(zhi)物(wu)703種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其中(zhong)被子植(zhi)物(wu)565種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),裸(luo)子植(zhi)物(wu)3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),蕨類植(zhi)物(wu)33種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),苔蘚植(zhi)物(wu)102種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);低等(deng)植(zhi)物(wu)中(zhong)大型真菌124種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);地衣51種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);藻類植(zhi)物(wu)240種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);國家II級重(zhong)點保護植(zhi)物(wu)3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),有(you)鉆天(tian)柳、黃(huang)檗和(he)野大豆;區級珍(zhen)稀林(lin)木(mu)保護植(zhi)物(wu)12種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。
截(jie)至2012年,內蒙(meng)古畢拉河國家(jia)級(ji)(ji)自然保護區有(you)(you)脊椎動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)322種(zhong)(zhong),其中(zhong)獸類(lei)(lei)45種(zhong)(zhong),鳥類(lei)(lei)228種(zhong)(zhong),爬(pa)行動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)7種(zhong)(zhong),兩棲類(lei)(lei)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)6種(zhong)(zhong),魚類(lei)(lei)35種(zhong)(zhong),圓口類(lei)(lei)1種(zhong)(zhong);無脊椎動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)昆蟲335種(zhong)(zhong);環節動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)6種(zhong)(zhong),軟體動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)門(men)10種(zhong)(zhong);節肢(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)門(men)(除(chu)昆蟲綱外)有(you)(you)18種(zhong)(zhong)。有(you)(you)國家(jia)重點保護動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)45種(zhong)(zhong),其中(zhong)國家(jia)I級(ji)(ji)重點保護動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)5種(zhong)(zhong),國家(jia)II級(ji)(ji)重點保護野生動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)40種(zhong)(zhong)。野生動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)主(zhu)要有(you)(you)野豬(zhu)、狍(pao)子、赤(chi)狐、貉等(deng)。