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畢拉河自然保護區
0 票數:0 #自然地理景觀#
內蒙古畢拉河國家級自然保護區位于內蒙古大興安嶺畢拉河林業局達爾濱湖林場和扎文河林場境內,行政區域隸屬于內蒙古自治區呼倫貝爾市鄂倫春自治旗諾敏鎮,屬于大興安嶺北段東麓的森林、灌叢向草原與農牧過度的嫩江流域。東與巴提克林場接壤,南與大二溝林場相鄰,西與北大河林場毗鄰,北與羊其河林場相接。2017年12月,榮獲“中國休閑自駕游目的地、中國生態休閑旅游目的地”。
  • 所在地/隸屬: 內蒙(meng)古自治(zhi)區呼倫貝爾市(shi)鄂倫春自治(zhi)旗諾敏鎮
  • 自然保護區等級: 國家級(2004年建區(qu))
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歷史沿革

2003年2月19日,經內蒙古大興(xing)安(an)嶺(ling)林業管理局批準(zhun),建立(li)畢拉(la)河盟市級自然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)區。

2004年(nian)7月21日,畢拉河自(zi)然保護區(qu)(qu)被國(guo)家(jia)林業局批(pi)準為省(sheng)部級的自(zi)然保護區(qu)(qu)。

2012年3月5日,被確定(ding)為自治(zhi)區(qu)級(ji)自然保護區(qu)。

2014年12月(yue)5日,經國(guo)務院(yuan)辦公廳批準,晉升為國(guo)家(jia)級(ji)自然保護區。

地理環境

位置

內(nei)蒙(meng)古畢拉河國(guo)家級自(zi)(zi)然保護區位于(yu)內(nei)蒙(meng)古大興安嶺畢拉河林(lin)業局達爾濱湖林(lin)場和扎文河林(lin)場境(jing)內(nei),行政區域隸屬于(yu)內(nei)蒙(meng)古自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)區呼倫貝爾市鄂倫春自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)旗(qi)諾敏(min)鎮,屬于(yu)大興安嶺北段東(dong)麓的(de)森林(lin)、灌叢向草(cao)原與農牧(mu)過度的(de)嫩江流域。

地質

內(nei)蒙古(gu)畢拉河國家(jia)級(ji)自然保護區位于大(da)興(xing)安嶺(ling)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)南麓,屬大(da)興(xing)安嶺(ling)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)南坡(po)嫩江流域(yu),地(di)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)屬大(da)興(xing)安嶺(ling)中(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)代(dai)(dai)復(fu)式背(bei)斜構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao),褶皺(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)軸(zhou)向多為(wei)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)向。跨越(yue)喜桂圖(tu)旗中(zhong)華(hua)力(li)西(xi)(xi)地(di)槽褶皺(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)帶和東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)烏珠穆沁旗早華(hua)力(li)西(xi)(xi)地(di)槽褶皺(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)帶兩個次級(ji)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)單元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),頭道橋—鄂倫春深斷(duan)(duan)裂(lie)(lie)從(cong)其境(jing)內(nei)穿過,受(shou)(shou)深斷(duan)(duan)裂(lie)(lie)影響(xiang)區域(yu)內(nei)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)漿(jiang)(jiang)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)頻繁,出露地(di)層(ceng)(ceng)以中(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)代(dai)(dai)火(huo)山(shan)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)及(ji)火(huo)山(shan)碎屑(xie)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)為(wei)主,分布(bu)(bu)廣(guang);元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)古(gu)界、古(gu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)代(dai)(dai)地(di)層(ceng)(ceng)零星(xing)分布(bu)(bu)。中(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)代(dai)(dai)主要(yao)為(wei)侏羅系(xi)中(zhong)上統及(ji)白堊系(xi)下統火(huo)山(shan)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)及(ji)火(huo)山(shan)碎屑(xie)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),廣(guang)泛分布(bu)(bu);元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)古(gu)界主要(yao)為(wei)興(xing)華(hua)渡口群,零星(xing)分布(bu)(bu);古(gu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)代(dai)(dai)地(di)層(ceng)(ceng)主要(yao)是(shi)石(shi)炭系(xi)、泥盆系(xi)變(bian)(bian)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)零星(xing)分布(bu)(bu)。區域(yu)上由(you)于受(shou)(shou)頭道橋—鄂倫春深斷(duan)(duan)裂(lie)(lie)影響(xiang),從(cong)泥盆紀后經(jing)歷多次構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)運動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),特(te)(te)定的(de)地(di)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)環境(jing)奠定本區巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)漿(jiang)(jiang)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、火(huo)山(shan)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、變(bian)(bian)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)用的(de)多期(qi)性(xing)(xing)、長期(qi)性(xing)(xing)、復(fu)雜性(xing)(xing),與(yu)成(cheng)礦作(zuo)(zuo)用關(guan)系(xi)較密切(qie)。侵(qin)(qin)入(ru)(ru)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)存(cun)在華(hua)力(li)西(xi)(xi)期(qi)、燕山(shan)期(qi)二(er)期(qi)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)漿(jiang)(jiang)侵(qin)(qin)入(ru)(ru)旋(xuan)回。本區地(di)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)復(fu)雜,經(jing)歷三(san)個大(da)的(de)發(fa)(fa)展階段(duan),即(ji)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)古(gu)代(dai)(dai)硅鋁(lv)殼(ke)形成(cheng)階段(duan);加里東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)—華(hua)力(li)西(xi)(xi)期(qi)西(xi)(xi)伯利亞(ya)板(ban)塊(kuai)(kuai)南部大(da)陸邊緣發(fa)(fa)展階段(duan);中(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)代(dai)(dai)板(ban)內(nei)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)發(fa)(fa)展階段(duan)。依據沉積建造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)、巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)漿(jiang)(jiang)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)變(bian)(bian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)等特(te)(te)征可劃分為(wei)五個構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)層(ceng)(ceng),即(ji)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)古(gu)代(dai)(dai)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)晚(wan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)古(gu)—早古(gu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)代(dai)(dai)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)層(ceng)(ceng)、晚(wan)古(gu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)代(dai)(dai)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)層(ceng)(ceng)、中(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)代(dai)(dai)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)層(ceng)(ceng)及(ji)新生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)代(dai)(dai)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)層(ceng)(ceng)。早期(qi)以板(ban)塊(kuai)(kuai)的(de)“開”、“合”為(wei)特(te)(te)征,形成(cheng)不(bu)同類型的(de)板(ban)緣構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao);晚(wan)期(qi)受(shou)(shou)太平洋板(ban)塊(kuai)(kuai)對亞(ya)洲大(da)陸的(de)擠(ji)壓和俯沖(chong)作(zuo)(zuo)用的(de)影響(xiang),形成(cheng)一系(xi)列NE(北東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong))—NNE(北北東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong))向為(wei)主導的(de)板(ban)內(nei)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao),包(bao)括各種斷(duan)(duan)裂(lie)(lie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao),火(huo)山(shan)噴發(fa)(fa)帶及(ji)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)漿(jiang)(jiang)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)帶,總(zong)體顯(xian)示“活(huo)化”特(te)(te)征。測區構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)演(yan)化總(zong)趨勢是(shi):由(you)板(ban)緣構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)向板(ban)內(nei)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)演(yan)變(bian)(bian),板(ban)塊(kuai)(kuai)剛性(xing)(xing)不(bu)斷(duan)(duan)增強,板(ban)內(nei)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)愈(yu)來愈(yu)復(fu)雜多樣(yang)。形成(cheng)的(de)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)石(shi)主要(yao)有花崗(gang)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、玄武巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、花斑巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、碎屑(xie)灰巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、凝灰巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。

地貌

內(nei)蒙古畢(bi)拉河(he)國家(jia)級自(zi)然保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)地(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)的構成(cheng)主要(yao)是(shi)中生代末(mo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、第(di)三紀(ji)早(zao)(zao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)具備雛形(xing)(xing)。中生代末(mo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)以(yi)前,大(da)(da)(da)(da)興(xing)安嶺為上(shang)升(sheng)隆(long)起的構造活(huo)動(dong),中生代末(mo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、第(di)三紀(ji)早(zao)(zao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),構造活(huo)動(dong)比較(jiao)(jiao)平靜,大(da)(da)(da)(da)興(xing)安嶺山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)遭受剝蝕、夷平作(zuo)用(yong),這種狀況(kuang)一(yi)直延續到第(di)三紀(ji)晚期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。第(di)四(si)紀(ji)時期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),大(da)(da)(da)(da)興(xing)安嶺山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)又傾斜式大(da)(da)(da)(da)面積隆(long)起,地(di)(di)(di)殼緩慢上(shang)升(sheng),松(song)嫩平原(yuan)間歇性下沉(chen),由于(yu)兩者垂直運動(dong)幅度(du)(du)不(bu)大(da)(da)(da)(da),從西北蜿蜒伸入到旗(qi)內(nei)的數道大(da)(da)(da)(da)興(xing)安嶺余脈,沒有深溝峽谷(gu),峭壁陡(dou)崖(ya),相對高(gao)差一(yi)般不(bu)超過500~600米(mi),地(di)(di)(di)面坡度(du)(du)都小于(yu)40°。這是(shi)區(qu)內(nei)地(di)(di)(di)形(xing)(xing)地(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)的第(di)一(yi)特(te)點。第(di)四(si)紀(ji)后,由于(yu)氣候條(tiao)件曾發生較(jiao)(jiao)復雜(za)的變化(hua),在(zai)地(di)(di)(di)殼的內(nei)、外(wai)力綜(zong)合作(zuo)用(yong)下,低(di)山(shan)和丘陵的頂部變得圓滑,形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)較(jiao)(jiao)寬闊的河(he)谷(gu)平原(yuan)。這是(shi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)地(di)(di)(di)形(xing)(xing)地(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)的第(di)二特(te)點。保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)地(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)分為山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)、丘陵、河(he)谷(gu)、平原(yuan)等類型。保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)地(di)(di)(di)形(xing)(xing)高(gao)差變化(hua)較(jiao)(jiao)小,海拔高(gao)度(du)(du)在(zai)377~886米(mi)之間,地(di)(di)(di)勢(shi)北高(gao)南低(di),由西北向東南緩慢傾斜。

氣候

內蒙古畢拉(la)河國家級自(zi)然保護區屬中(zhong)(zhong)溫(wen)(wen)帶濕(shi)(shi)潤、半濕(shi)(shi)潤大陸性(xing)季(ji)風氣候(hou)。由(you)于(yu)緯度偏高(gao),遠離海洋,加(jia)之大興安嶺的屏障作用,使濕(shi)(shi)潤的海洋性(xing)氣候(hou)團的影(ying)響減(jian)弱,境域大部分(fen)時間在西(xi)伯利亞(ya)高(gao)壓的控制(zhi)之下,形成區域氣候(hou)特點:春季(ji)多風,降水稀少,氣溫(wen)(wen)多變;夏季(ji)溫(wen)(wen)和,降水集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong);秋季(ji)降溫(wen)(wen)劇烈,霜期早;冬(dong)季(ji)漫(man)長嚴寒。年平(ping)均溫(wen)(wen)度為﹣1.1℃,極端最(zui)高(gao)氣溫(wen)(wen)35.4℃,極端最(zui)低(di)氣溫(wen)(wen)-46.0℃。≥10℃的年積溫(wen)(wen)2014.4℃。年平(ping)均降水量為479.4毫米,降水主(zhu)要集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)在六(liu)、七、八月份,無霜期130天左右。主(zhu)要風向為西(xi)北風,年平(ping)均風速為1.9米/秒。

水文

內蒙古畢(bi)(bi)拉河(he)(he)(he)(he)國(guo)家(jia)級(ji)自然保(bao)(bao)護區內為地形起伏較大的山地,受東南海(hai)洋性濕潤暖(nuan)氣流(liu)影響,年均(jun)降水量479.4 mm,產匯流(liu)條件好(hao),水蝕作用強,河(he)(he)(he)(he)網較發(fa)育,是嫩(nen)江上(shang)游(you)主要產流(liu)區。保(bao)(bao)護區主要河(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)有畢(bi)(bi)拉河(he)(he)(he)(he)、扎文河(he)(he)(he)(he)、畢(bi)(bi)二(er)溝河(he)(he)(he)(he)等,畢(bi)(bi)拉河(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)經(jing)保(bao)(bao)護區23 km;扎文河(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)經(jing)本區11km,注入畢(bi)(bi)拉河(he)(he)(he)(he);畢(bi)(bi)二(er)溝河(he)(he)(he)(he)發(fa)源于本區并(bing)流(liu)經(jing)35km,區內河(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)交錯,水澈透明。流(liu)域內樹木繁(fan)茂,植被(bei)良(liang)好(hao),水土流(liu)失輕微,河(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)含(han)沙量甚(shen)小(xiao)。

畢拉(la)河(he)位(wei)于(yu)大興安(an)嶺北段東麓(lu),屬諾敏河(he)大支流(liu)(liu)(liu),流(liu)(liu)(liu)經畢拉(la)河(he)林(lin)(lin)業局83km,流(liu)(liu)(liu)經保護區(qu)境(jing)內(nei)23km。畢拉(la)河(he)源頭位(wei)于(yu)大興安(an)嶺森林(lin)(lin)腹(fu)地,畢拉(la)河(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)擁有嫩(nen)江(jiang)西岸大的高山湖泊——達爾濱(bin)湖、大興安(an)嶺長的峽(xia)谷和面積廣闊的火山熔(rong)巖群。河(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)沿岸生(sheng)態與環境(jing)良好,無(wu)(wu)任何(he)工礦(kuang)企業,河(he)水清澈、無(wu)(wu)污染、魚類種類繁(fan)多。

畢(bi)拉河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)上(shang)游兩岸(an)植(zhi)被(bei)茂盛,河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)平緩,到中下游河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)進入大興(xing)安嶺的(de)一(yi)條大峽(xia)谷(gu)(gu),峽(xia)谷(gu)(gu)長(chang)約(yue)數十千米,深(shen)30~50m,兩岸(an)寬約(yue)100~150m,是火(huo)山噴發(fa)時沖擊(ji)出的(de)溝壑。畢(bi)拉河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)從峽(xia)谷(gu)(gu)穿梭而(er)下,峽(xia)谷(gu)(gu)兩岸(an)植(zhi)被(bei)大多(duo)為針葉、闊葉混交林;河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)床遍布火(huo)山熔巖。河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)清澈、水(shui)(shui)流(liu)湍急,水(shui)(shui)深(shen)1~1.5m。河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)流(liu)動的(de)聲音,在數百米之外都可以聽得真(zhen)真(zhen)切(qie)切(qie)。畢(bi)拉河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)域(yu)地(di)質奇特、植(zhi)被(bei)類型多(duo)樣、自然生態(tai)平衡,極具(ju)旅游、科考、保護(hu)價值。

此(ci)外,保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)內的扎文河,流經該區(qu)(qu)域(yu)北部(bu)約11km,平(ping)均(jun)河寬20m,平(ping)均(jun)水(shui)深(shen)1.5m,流速(su)0.4m/s。保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)內的畢二溝河,全(quan)長約35km,平(ping)均(jun)水(shui)深(shen)1~3m,平(ping)均(jun)流速(su)0.3~0.7m/s。

風力

畢拉河自然保護(hu)區受大興安嶺地形及森林植被的影響,在(zai)(zai)全市內屬弱(ruo)風(feng)區。大興安嶺山脈(mo)阻擋西(xi)北寒流南下,茂密的森林具有明(ming)顯的防風(feng)效應。年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均風(feng)速為(wei)1.9 m/s。月平(ping)(ping)均風(feng)速以春(chun)季(ji)最(zui)大,夏季(ji)最(zui)小(xiao),年(nian)最(zui)大風(feng)速在(zai)(zai)20~24 m/s(主要(yao)出現在(zai)(zai)春(chun)季(ji)),年(nian)內各月盛(sheng)行風(feng)自北向南依次為(wei)西(xi)、西(xi)北及北風(feng),主要(yao)風(feng)向為(wei)西(xi)北風(feng)。

2006年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均風(feng)(feng)(feng)速(su)(su)(su)1.9 m/s。3月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)最(zui)大(da)(da)(da)風(feng)(feng)(feng)速(su)(su)(su)2.6 m/s;11月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)最(zui)小(xiao)(xiao)風(feng)(feng)(feng)速(su)(su)(su)1.6 m/s。全(quan)(quan)(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)17 m/s以(yi)上(shang)的大(da)(da)(da)風(feng)(feng)(feng)日(ri)數(shu)(shu)(shu)11 d,其中3~6月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)大(da)(da)(da)風(feng)(feng)(feng)日(ri)數(shu)(shu)(shu)8 d,8月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)大(da)(da)(da)風(feng)(feng)(feng)日(ri)數(shu)(shu)(shu)3 d。2007年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均風(feng)(feng)(feng)速(su)(su)(su)1.9 m/s。5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)最(zui)大(da)(da)(da)風(feng)(feng)(feng)速(su)(su)(su)2.7 m/s;12月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)最(zui)小(xiao)(xiao)風(feng)(feng)(feng)速(su)(su)(su)1.4 m/s。全(quan)(quan)(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)17 m/s以(yi)上(shang)的大(da)(da)(da)風(feng)(feng)(feng)日(ri)數(shu)(shu)(shu)4 d,其中5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)大(da)(da)(da)風(feng)(feng)(feng)日(ri)數(shu)(shu)(shu)4 d。2008年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均風(feng)(feng)(feng)速(su)(su)(su)1.9 m/s。5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)最(zui)大(da)(da)(da)風(feng)(feng)(feng)速(su)(su)(su)2.1 m/s;12月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)最(zui)小(xiao)(xiao)風(feng)(feng)(feng)速(su)(su)(su)1.5 m/s。全(quan)(quan)(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)17 m/s以(yi)上(shang)大(da)(da)(da)風(feng)(feng)(feng)日(ri)數(shu)(shu)(shu)2 d,6、7月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)各1 d。2009年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均風(feng)(feng)(feng)速(su)(su)(su)1.9 m/s。3月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)最(zui)大(da)(da)(da)風(feng)(feng)(feng)速(su)(su)(su)2.2 m/s;12月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),最(zui)小(xiao)(xiao)風(feng)(feng)(feng)速(su)(su)(su)1.4 m/s。全(quan)(quan)(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)大(da)(da)(da)風(feng)(feng)(feng)日(ri)數(shu)(shu)(shu)3 d,其中4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)大(da)(da)(da)風(feng)(feng)(feng)日(ri)數(shu)(shu)(shu)2 d,7、9月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)各1 d。2010年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均風(feng)(feng)(feng)速(su)(su)(su)1.9 m/s。5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)最(zui)大(da)(da)(da)風(feng)(feng)(feng)速(su)(su)(su)3.1 m/s;2月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)和7月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),最(zui)小(xiao)(xiao)風(feng)(feng)(feng)速(su)(su)(su)1.5 m/s。全(quan)(quan)(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)17 m/s以(yi)上(shang)大(da)(da)(da)風(feng)(feng)(feng)日(ri)數(shu)(shu)(shu)5 d,均在5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)。

區域范圍

內(nei)蒙古畢拉河(he)國家級自然保(bao)護區(qu)東(dong)與巴提克林場接壤(rang),南(nan)與大二溝林場相鄰(lin),西與北(bei)大河(he)林場毗鄰(lin),北(bei)與羊其(qi)河(he)林場相接,地理坐標介于東(dong)經(jing)123°04′28.9″~123°29′16.1″,北(bei)緯49°19′39.5″~49°38′29.7″之間。保(bao)護區(qu)總面積為(wei)56604公(gong)頃,其(qi)中核心區(qu)面積23009公(gong)頃,緩沖區(qu)面積20289公(gong)頃,實驗區(qu)面積13306公(gong)頃。

保護目標

綜述

內蒙(meng)古畢拉河國家級自然保護區(qu)重(zhong)點保護對象(xiang)為森(sen)林沼澤(ze)、草(cao)本(ben)沼澤(ze)以及珍稀瀕危(wei)野生動植物等。

植物

截至2012年,內(nei)蒙古畢(bi)拉河國家級自然保護區有(you)高等(deng)植(zhi)物(wu)703種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其中(zhong)被子植(zhi)物(wu)565種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),裸(luo)子植(zhi)物(wu)3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),蕨類植(zhi)物(wu)33種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),苔蘚植(zhi)物(wu)102種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);低等(deng)植(zhi)物(wu)中(zhong)大型真菌124種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);地衣51種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);藻類植(zhi)物(wu)240種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);國家II級重(zhong)點保護植(zhi)物(wu)3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),有(you)鉆天(tian)柳、黃(huang)檗和(he)野大豆;區級珍(zhen)稀林(lin)木(mu)保護植(zhi)物(wu)12種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。

動物

截(jie)至2012年,內蒙(meng)古畢拉河國家(jia)級(ji)(ji)自然保護區有(you)(you)脊椎動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)322種(zhong)(zhong),其中(zhong)獸類(lei)(lei)45種(zhong)(zhong),鳥類(lei)(lei)228種(zhong)(zhong),爬(pa)行動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)7種(zhong)(zhong),兩棲類(lei)(lei)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)6種(zhong)(zhong),魚類(lei)(lei)35種(zhong)(zhong),圓口類(lei)(lei)1種(zhong)(zhong);無脊椎動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)昆蟲335種(zhong)(zhong);環節動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)6種(zhong)(zhong),軟體動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)門(men)10種(zhong)(zhong);節肢(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)門(men)(除(chu)昆蟲綱外)有(you)(you)18種(zhong)(zhong)。有(you)(you)國家(jia)重點保護動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)45種(zhong)(zhong),其中(zhong)國家(jia)I級(ji)(ji)重點保護動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)5種(zhong)(zhong),國家(jia)II級(ji)(ji)重點保護野生動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)40種(zhong)(zhong)。野生動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)主(zhu)要有(you)(you)野豬(zhu)、狍(pao)子、赤(chi)狐、貉等(deng)。

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