保護區始建于1994年,2001年(nian)經(jing)江西省人民(min)政府批(pi)準(zhun)晉(jin)升為(wei)省級(ji)自(zi)然保護區(qu),2008年(nian)經(jing)國(guo)務院批(pi)準(zhun)晉(jin)升為(wei)國(guo)家(jia)級(ji)自(zi)然保護區(qu)。
保護區(qu)位于(yu)江(jiang)西省(sheng)資溪(xi)縣的東北部,地(di)處武夷山脈中段,閩贛交界的武夷山脈西麓,地(di)理坐標為東經117°09'11"-117'18",北緯27°40'50"-27°53'52"。?
東(dong)由與(yu)福建(jian)省交界(jie)(jie)(jie)的(de)野雞頂(ding)(ding)起,向(xiang)南至觀音(yin)尖(jian)(jian),再至南邊(bian)的(de)1224米山(shan)(shan)峰(feng),沿(yan)東(dong)港與(yu)南港分水山(shan)(shan)脊(ji)到(dao)(dao)西(xi)邊(bian)的(de)月峰(feng)山(shan)(shan),向(xiang)北(bei)沿(yan)山(shan)(shan)脊(ji)至東(dong)源橋頭,跨昌坪河到(dao)(dao)高阜(fu)尖(jian)(jian)至東(dong)坑(keng)村后山(shan)(shan)脊(ji),沿(yan)東(dong)南方(fang)向(xiang)山(shan)(shan)脊(ji)到(dao)(dao)五臺山(shan)(shan),轉(zhuan)向(xiang)東(dong)沿(yan)山(shan)(shan)脊(ji)至黃茅寨小(xiao)路向(xiang)北(bei),至與(yu)貴溪縣交界(jie)(jie)(jie)的(de)香臺山(shan)(shan),再沿(yan)資溪、貴溪縣界(jie)(jie)(jie)向(xiang)東(dong)到(dao)(dao)與(yu)福建(jian)交界(jie)(jie)(jie)點(dian)向(xiang)南回到(dao)(dao)東(dong)面與(yu)福建(jian)交界(jie)(jie)(jie)的(de)野雞頂(ding)(ding)止。
馬頭山國家級自然保護區地(di)(di)貌(mao)大(da)致具有盆(pen)嶺(ling)相間(jian),棋盤格狀(zhuang)展布之格局.大(da)多為燕山期花(hua)崗巖(yan),土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)為花(hua)崗巖(yan)風化(hua)形成(cheng)的山地(di)(di)紅壤(rang)(rang),山地(di)(di)黃紅壤(rang)(rang)和山地(di)(di)黃壤(rang)(rang),以及小范圍的山地(di)(di)草甸土(tu)。
氣(qi)候(hou)屬亞熱帶濕(shi)潤季風氣(qi)候(hou),年(nian)(nian)(nian)均氣(qi)溫16~18℃,年(nian)(nian)(nian)均降水量192919mm,相對(dui)濕(shi)度83%。年(nian)(nian)(nian)均輻射量為10069711/cm2,年(nian)(nian)(nian)均日照為159716小(xiao)時(shi),年(nian)(nian)(nian)均霜(shuang)期(qi)270天(tian),年(nian)(nian)(nian)均霧日88天(tian)。
保護區(qu)位于武夷山脈中段(duan)腹(fu)地,森林植被以天然常綠闊葉林為主,森林覆(fu)蓋率達96.3%,生態環境優(you)良(liang),生物(wu)多樣(yang)性豐(feng)富。區(qu)內有(you)高(gao)等植物(wu)275科(ke)1005屬2483種,陸生脊椎動(dong)物(wu)27目91科(ke)387種。
馬(ma)頭山自然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區保(bao)(bao)(bao)存有(you)(you)較大(da)范圍的原生(sheng)性(xing)較強的天(tian)然(ran)常綠闊(kuo)葉林,生(sheng)物多(duo)樣性(xing)極為(wei)豐富(fu)。高等(deng)植(zhi)物約2500種(zhong),其(qi)中(zhong)屬國家(jia)重點(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)植(zhi)物名錄(第一批)有(you)(you)20余種(zhong),長葉榧(fei)(Torreyajackii)和蛛網(wang)萼(Platycraterargnta),江西僅在此有(you)(you)分布。
其中國家(jia)重(zhong)點保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)野生(sheng)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有20種,國家(jia)重(zhong)點保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)野生(sheng)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有54種。保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區主要(yao)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)對象為美毛含笑、蛛(zhu)網(wang)萼(e)、伯樂樹等(deng)大面積的珍稀(xi)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)原生(sheng)種群,其中屬國家(jia)重(zhong)點保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)長(chang)葉榧(fei)(Torreyajackii)、蛛(zhu)網(wang)萼(e)(Platycraterargnta)為保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區全省特有物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種。還有南方紅豆杉(shan)、福建柏、天然杉(shan)木、伯樂樹、莼菜、報春苣苔、白頸長(chang)尾(wei)雉(zhi)、黃腹角(jiao)雉(zhi)、云豹、獼猴、黑熊等(deng)珍稀(xi)野生(sheng)動植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種。
有(you)(you)豐富(fu)的野(ye)生攀(pan)緣植物資源(yuan), 通過野(ye)外采(cai)集及標本(ben)的整理鑒定,初步確認(ren)該區共有(you)(you)攀(pan)緣植物40科(ke)92屬222種(zhong)(包括種(zhong)下等級)。根據對馬頭山攀(pan)緣植物區系(xi)分(fen)析(xi)的結果,該區攀(pan)緣植物區系(xi)具有(you)(you)以(yi)下特(te)征:(1)種(zhong)類組成豐富(fu),地(di)理成分(fen)復雜;(2)區系(xi)中熱帶性地(di)理成分(fen)占主導地(di)位(wei);(3)區系(xi)成分(fen)相(xiang)對古(gu)老(lao),特(te)有(you)(you)類群(qun)豐富(fu),多型性突出(chu);(4)華東區系(xi)特(te)征明顯。
藥(yao)用(yong)植物資源分布
初步查明馬頭山自然保護(hu)區內有(you)藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)1647種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),隸屬231科(ke)759屬,其(qi)中裸子(zi)(zi)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)為13種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),隸屬8科(ke)13屬,被子(zi)(zi)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)1483種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),隸屬161科(ke)653屬。區內常用(yong)(yong)(yong)中藥(yao)(yao)為187種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)真菌29種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)苔(tai)蘚27種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)蕨類88種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)1494種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)珍(zhen)稀瀕危植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)62種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)特有(you)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),江西(xi)地理(li)記(ji)錄新(xin)分布8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。
(1)常用中藥植物
江(jiang)西是中國(guo)中藥(yao)(yao)材(cai)主要產區之一,收購使用(yong)的中藥(yao)(yao)有342種(zhong),而保護區內的中藥(yao)(yao)就有187種(zhong)(《中國(guo)藥(yao)(yao)典》2000年版收載的)。數量較多的有銀杏(xing),側柏(bo),厚(hou)樸,烏藥(yao)(yao),仙鶴(he)草(cao),金櫻子,葛,忍冬,旌節花(hua),吳茱萸,女貞,絡(luo)石(shi),梔子,鉤藤(teng),烏頭,威靈(ling)仙,大血藤(teng),半(ban)夏,白及等。
(2)藥(yao)用真菌植物
馬頭山自然保護區(qu)鑒定(ding)了(le)的真(zhen)(zhen)菌(jun)有91種(zhong),其中(zhong)29種(zhong)為藥(yao)用真(zhen)(zhen)菌(jun),如銀(yin)耳(er),黑(hei)木(mu)耳(er),靈(ling)芝,茯(fu)苓(ling),香(xiang)菇(gu),紫(zi)紅(hong)菇(gu),絨紫(zi)紅(hong)菇(gu),菱紅(hong)菇(gu),側(ce)耳(er),竹蓀等。靈(ling)芝,銀(yin)耳(er),黑(hei)木(mu)耳(er),茯(fu)苓(ling)為常用中(zhong)藥(yao),在臨床上具(ju)有較(jiao)好的治(zhi)療效果(guo)。此(ci)外(wai),許多種(zhong)類是食藥(yao)兩用的真(zhen)(zhen)菌(jun),如潔麗香(xiang)菇(gu),硬毛香(xiang)菇(gu),松乳菇(gu),毛木(mu)耳(er)等種(zhong)。
(3)藥(yao)用蕨類(lei)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)江(jiang)西省蕨類(lei)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有433種(zhong)(zhong),隸(li)(li)屬114屬49科(ke)(ke),其(qi)中(zhong)藥(yao)用蕨類(lei)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)為195種(zhong)(zhong),隸(li)(li)屬84屬45科(ke)(ke)。馬頭(tou)山自然保護區的蕨類(lei)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)共有142種(zhong)(zhong),隸(li)(li)屬62屬30科(ke)(ke),其(qi)中(zhong)《中(zhong)國(guo)藥(yao)典》,《中(zhong)藥(yao)志》所(suo)收載的常用中(zhong)藥(yao)有8種(zhong)(zhong),它們分(fen)別為石(shi)松,紫萁(ji),海金沙(sha),烏蕨,野雞(ji)尾(wei),石(shi)韋,卷柏(bo),槲(hu)蕨等(deng)。214藥(yao)用種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)馬頭(tou)山自然保護區內的藥(yao)用種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有1494種(zhong)(zhong)(包括常用中(zhong)藥(yao),特有種(zhong)(zhong),珍稀瀕危種(zhong)(zhong),新分(fen)布(bu)等(deng)),其(qi)中(zhong)藥(yao)用裸(luo)子(zi)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)13種(zhong)(zhong),雙(shuang)子(zi)葉(xie)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)1294種(zhong)(zhong),單(dan)子(zi)葉(xie)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)106種(zhong)(zhong)。?
(4)藥用(yong)(yong)珍(zhen)(zhen)稀瀕危植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)保(bao)護區內(nei)(nei)除具有(you)(you)豐(feng)富(fu)的中藥及藥用(yong)(yong)種(zhong)子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu),藥用(yong)(yong)蕨類植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)等(deng)(deng)資源外,尚有(you)(you)許多(duo)種(zhong)珍(zhen)(zhen)稀瀕危植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu),其中有(you)(you)相當部(bu)分(fen)(fen)種(zhong)類為(wei)(wei)藥用(yong)(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu),區內(nei)(nei)共有(you)(you)藥用(yong)(yong)珍(zhen)(zhen)稀瀕危植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)62種(zhong),它們分(fen)(fen)別(bie)是鵝(e)掌楸(qiu),乳源木蓮,東(dong)方古(gu)柯(ke),青牛膽,扯(che)根(gen)草,半蒴苣苔,福建柏(bo),短(duan)梗(geng)大參(can)/花葉開唇蘭,石斛等(deng)(deng)種(zhong)。保(bao)護區內(nei)(nei)繁多(duo)的野生植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)類中,有(you)(you)18種(zhong)為(wei)(wei)特有(you)(you)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu),隸屬12屬13科,均為(wei)(wei)藥用(yong)(yong)種(zhong)類,分(fen)(fen)別(bie)為(wei)(wei)銀(yin)杏(xing),臘(la)梅,亮葉臘(la)梅,喜樹,青錢柳(liu),杜仲(zhong),枸杞,華紫(zi)珠,老鴉糊,廣(guang)東(dong)紫(zi)珠,長柄紫(zi)。
藥用植物資源
馬頭山自(zi)然保護區(qu)(qu)內(nei)1647種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)隸(li)屬(shu)(shu)231科759屬(shu)(shu),分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)區(qu)(qu)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)廣泛,分(fen)(fen)(fen)屬(shu)(shu)14個分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)區(qu)(qu)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)和16個分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)區(qu)(qu)變(bian)型(xing)[8],單種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屬(shu)(shu),單種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)科約(yue)有(you)10個,其中常用(yong)(yong)(yong)中藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材為(wei)187種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(均(jun)為(wei)《中國藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)典》2000年(nian)版收載(zai)),尚有(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)繁多的(de)(de)民(min)間草藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)。從資(zi)源的(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)類(lei)(lei)群及性(xing)狀組成分(fen)(fen)(fen)析,1647種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)中,藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)藻類(lei)(lei)3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)真菌類(lei)(lei)29種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)地衣類(lei)(lei)4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)苔蘚27種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)蕨類(lei)(lei)88種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)裸子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)13種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),雙子(zi)葉(xie)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)1296種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),單子(zi)葉(xie)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)106種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。草本植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)1002種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),木本植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)423種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),藤本植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)157種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。區(qu)(qu)內(nei)復雜的(de)(de)自(zi)然條件(jian)為(wei)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)的(de)(de)生長(chang)發(fa)育提供了不同的(de)(de)生態環境。藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)資(zi)源十(shi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)豐富,共(gong)有(you)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)1647種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其中藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)為(wei)1496種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),隸(li)屬(shu)(shu)666屬(shu)(shu)169科。同樣,區(qu)(qu)內(nei)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)區(qu)(qu)系成分(fen)(fen)(fen)十(shi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)豐富。
馬(ma)(ma)頭(tou)山自(zi)然(ran)保護區(qu)內分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)藥用種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子植(zhi)物(wu)共有(you)(you)174科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke),其中(zhong)熱帶性(xing)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)為(wei)(wei)(wei)92科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)總(zong)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)5219%;溫帶性(xing)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)為(wei)(wei)(wei)23科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)總(zong)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)數的(de)(de)(de)(de)1312%;世界分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)為(wei)(wei)(wei)41科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)總(zong)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)數的(de)(de)(de)(de)2316%;東(dong)亞(ya)和東(dong)亞(ya)2北美(mei)間斷分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)14科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)總(zong)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)數的(de)(de)(de)(de)8105%;中(zhong)國(guo)特有(you)(you)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)4科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)總(zong)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)數的(de)(de)(de)(de)213%。在174科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)中(zhong),含54~73種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)3科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke),分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)別為(wei)(wei)(wei)菊科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)73種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),豆科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)56種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),薔薇科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)54種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。含30~42種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)4科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke),分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)別是(shi)禾本(ben)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)42種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),唇形科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)36種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),百合科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)32種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),茜草科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)30種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。含20~26種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)8科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke),分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)別是(shi)樟科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)26種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),蘭科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)25種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),馬(ma)(ma)鞭(bian)草科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)24種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),大戟科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)22種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),山茶(cha)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)22種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),蓼科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)21種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),葡萄(tao)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)20種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),傘形科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)20種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。412屬(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)根據(ju)吳征鎰的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)國(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子植(zhi)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)區(qu)類(lei)(lei)系統(tong),馬(ma)(ma)頭(tou)山自(zi)然(ran)保護區(qu)藥用植(zhi)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)666屬(shu)(shu)(shu),歸屬(shu)(shu)(shu)于14個分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)區(qu)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)和16個分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)區(qu)變型(xing)(xing)。除中(zhong)亞(ya)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)區(qu)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)外,馬(ma)(ma)頭(tou)山自(zi)然(ran)保護區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)藥用種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子植(zhi)物(wu)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)區(qu)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)包括了中(zhong)國(guo)所有(you)(you)15種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)區(qu)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)14種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和31種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)區(qu)。
馬(ma)(ma)頭(tou)山(shan)自然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系與世界(jie)各部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)(de)廣泛(fan)聯系及(ji)與熱(re)帶(dai)(dai)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系的(de)(de)(de)密切聯系。熱(re)帶(dai)(dai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)類(lei)型(xing)占優(you)勢:馬(ma)(ma)頭(tou)山(shan)自然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)熱(re)帶(dai)(dai)性分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)316屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),占總(zong)(zong)(zong)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)4716%。東(dong)(dong)(dong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)及(ji)東(dong)(dong)(dong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)和(he)北(bei)美洲(zhou)間斷(duan)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)類(lei)型(xing)突出:在(zai)馬(ma)(ma)頭(tou)山(shan)自然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)中(zhong)(zhong)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)東(dong)(dong)(dong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)及(ji)東(dong)(dong)(dong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)2北(bei)美間斷(duan)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)共計130屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),占總(zong)(zong)(zong)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)1916%,占中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)東(dong)(dong)(dong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)總(zong)(zong)(zong)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)4315%。古老(lao)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)類(lei)型(xing)較(jiao)明顯:保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內的(de)(de)(de)三(san)尖杉,銀杏,南方紅豆杉,長葉榧樹(shu)等,為(wei)(wei)(wei)典型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)孓(jue)遺(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)或第三(san),四紀殘遺(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。鵝掌楸,青錢柳(liu),伯樂(le)樹(shu),楓(feng)香,臘梅等均為(wei)(wei)(wei)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)類(lei)學殘遺(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)特有(you)(you)(you)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)類(lei)型(xing)較(jiao)多:中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)特有(you)(you)(you)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)257屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),在(zai)江(jiang)西分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)50屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),占中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)總(zong)(zong)(zong)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)1117%,其中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)22屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),占中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)總(zong)(zong)(zong)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)816%,占江(jiang)西總(zong)(zong)(zong)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)7313%。在(zai)馬(ma)(ma)頭(tou)山(shan)自然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內共有(you)(you)(you)18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)特有(you)(you)(you)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu),分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)于12特有(you)(you)(you)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),占中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)總(zong)(zong)(zong)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)4167%,占江(jiang)西總(zong)(zong)(zong)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)24%。413種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)在(zai)馬(ma)(ma)頭(tou)山(shan)自然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)1494種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)中(zhong)(zhong),中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)特有(you)(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其中(zhong)(zhong)13種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)古特有(you)(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)新(xin)特有(you)(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。非特有(you)(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)熱(re)帶(dai)(dai)性種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)約(yue)(yue)有(you)(you)(you)753種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)于溫帶(dai)(dai)性種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)約(yue)(yue)有(you)(you)(you)349種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),世界(jie)性分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)約(yue)(yue)166種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),東(dong)(dong)(dong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)和(he)東(dong)(dong)(dong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)2北(bei)美洲(zhou)間斷(duan)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)約(yue)(yue)有(you)(you)(you)208種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。從上述分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)可見,在(zai)馬(ma)(ma)頭(tou)山(shan)自然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內的(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)具有(you)(you)(you)熱(re)帶(dai)(dai),亞(ya)(ya)(ya)熱(re)帶(dai)(dai)性性質。
蜜源植物
保護區內的(de)(de)(de)(de)野生蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)源(yuan)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)資源(yuan)十分豐富(fu),主要蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)源(yuan)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)如(ru)杜鵑花(hua)(hua)屬植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),該類植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)蜂(feng)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)色(se)(se)淺,蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)質(zhi)優良,結(jie)晶(jing)乳(ru)白(bai)(bai)(bai)色(se)(se),味甘甜(tian)純正(zheng)適口(kou)。夏季蜂(feng)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)源(yuan)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)如(ru)小(xiao)果冬(dong)青,花(hua)(hua)多(duo)(duo),泌(mi)(mi)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)豐富(fu),對蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)蜂(feng)有(you)強(qiang)烈的(de)(de)(de)(de)誘(you)惑(huo)力,蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)淺琥(hu)珀色(se)(se)半透(tou)明(ming),結(jie)晶(jing)乳(ru)白(bai)(bai)(bai)細(xi)膩,味純正(zheng),甘甜(tian),清香(xiang)適口(kou)。秋季蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)源(yuan)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)如(ru)豆科的(de)(de)(de)(de)胡枝(zhi)子屬植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),開花(hua)(hua)泌(mi)(mi)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)時間較長,蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)淺琥(hu)珀色(se)(se),結(jie)晶(jing)潔白(bai)(bai)(bai),細(xi)膩如(ru)脂,氣味芳(fang)香(xiang),甜(tian)而不(bu)膩,質(zhi)優良。冬(dong)季蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)源(yuan)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)如(ru)山茶科柃屬的(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),其花(hua)(hua)香(xiang),泌(mi)(mi)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)豐富(fu),誘(you)蜂(feng)力強(qiang),為冬(dong)季蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)源(yuan)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特殊種(zhong)類,蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)水白(bai)(bai)(bai)透(tou)明(ming),濃郁(yu)芳(fang)香(xiang),蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)質(zhi)優良。此外還(huan)有(you)刺槐,柿,泡桐,山烏桕(jiu),椴樹,杜荊等(deng)多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)源(yuan)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),這為發(fa)展本地區的(de)(de)(de)(de)養蜂(feng)業創造了(le)良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)自然環境。
植(zhi)物(wu)色(se)素(su)(su)作為(wei)食(shi)品著色(se)劑(ji)和(he)紡(fang)織染(ran)色(se)原料已被廣(guang)泛應用(yong),如(ru)殼斗科的(de)多穗柯葉中富(fu)含棕色(se)素(su)(su),應用(yong)于(yu)(yu)糖果,冷飲,糕點等食(shi)品中著色(se),呈色(se)與(yu)可(ke)(ke)可(ke)(ke)糖相(xiang)似,效果良好(hao)。茜草科梔子(zi)的(de)果實可(ke)(ke)提取黃色(se)素(su)(su),可(ke)(ke)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)纖維(wei)染(ran)色(se),也可(ke)(ke)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)食(shi)品著色(se)。茜草根中所含茜草紅色(se)素(su)(su),可(ke)(ke)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)植(zhi)物(wu)纖維(wei)的(de)染(ran)色(se),亦可(ke)(ke)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)食(shi)品著色(se),鼠李(li)科凍綠(lv)的(de)莖(jing)皮含綠(lv)色(se)素(su)(su),可(ke)(ke)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)棉(mian)絲織品的(de)染(ran)色(se)等。
花卉植物
保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)內野生花(hua)卉植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)資源豐富,蘭(lan)(lan)科的(de)(de)蘭(lan)(lan)花(hua)類(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu),如鶴頂(ding)蘭(lan)(lan),斑葉(xie)蘭(lan)(lan),建蘭(lan)(lan),春蘭(lan)(lan),寒蘭(lan)(lan),竹(zhu)(zhu)葉(xie)蘭(lan)(lan),花(hua)葉(xie)開唇(chun)蘭(lan)(lan)等(deng)(deng)(deng),這些植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)具有(you)(you)很(hen)高的(de)(de)觀賞(shang)價值,同時又(you)可(ke)藥(yao)用。杜鵑(juan)(juan)花(hua)是世界名花(hua),也是中國十(shi)大(da)名花(hua)之一,人們對它十(shi)分厚愛,其同屬植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)滿山(shan)紅(hong),鹿角杜鵑(juan)(juan),馬銀花(hua)等(deng)(deng)(deng)均(jun)作(zuo)為觀花(hua)的(de)(de)花(hua)卉植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)。觀賞(shang)的(de)(de)花(hua)卉植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)還(huan)有(you)(you)木(mu)(mu)蘭(lan)(lan)科,竹(zhu)(zhu)科等(deng)(deng)(deng)。此外,保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)內還(huan)有(you)(you)許多抗(kang)污染植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu),它們能夠吸收大(da)氣中的(de)(de)有(you)(you)害氣體,滯(zhi)留(liu)灰(hui)塵(chen)(chen),殺(sha)滅(mie)細菌(jun),減少噪(zao)音,從(cong)而保(bao)護(hu)大(da)氣中氧氣和二氧化(hua)碳的(de)(de)平衡(heng)。如合歡,構樹(shu),臭(chou)椿(chun),紫(zi)薇,楊梅(mei)等(deng)(deng)(deng)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)均(jun)有(you)(you)抗(kang)二氧化(hua)硫的(de)(de)特(te)性。抗(kang)氯氣的(de)(de)有(you)(you)側柏,樟(zhang)樹(shu),栓(shuan)皮櫟,棕櫚,女貞,石(shi)楠,蚊(wen)母(mu)樹(shu),胡頹子(zi),枸骨等(deng)(deng)(deng)。抗(kang)鎘污染源的(de)(de)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)尾葉(xie)冬青,刺果(guo)衛矛等(deng)(deng)(deng)。抗(kang)硫化(hua)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)楓(feng)楊,喜(xi)樹(shu)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。抗(kang)汞植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)山(shan)楂,刺槐(huai),枇杷(pa)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。樸樹(shu),榆樹(shu),銀杏,桑樹(shu),木(mu)(mu)槿以及臭(chou)椿(chun),枇杷(pa),紫(zi)薇,烏桕(jiu)等(deng)(deng)(deng)具有(you)(you)吸塵(chen)(chen),滯(zhi)塵(chen)(chen)能力強特(te)色。
保護(hu)區(qu)總面積13866.53公(gong)頃(qing)(qing),其中核心區(qu)4286.08公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)、占(zhan)保護(hu)區(qu)總面積的30.9%,緩沖區(qu)3438.72公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)、占(zhan)24.8%,實(shi)驗(yan)區(qu)6141.73公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)、占(zhan)44.3%。
藥用植物資源開發與利(li)用
馬頭山(shan)自(zi)然保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)由于(yu)所處的(de)(de)(de)特殊地(di)理位置,區(qu)(qu)內(nei)有(you)著豐富的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)材資(zi)源(yuan)。據初步統計,蕨(jue)類(lei)植物(wu)(wu)在《中(zhong)(zhong)國藥(yao)(yao)典》中(zhong)(zhong)收載的(de)(de)(de)有(you)4科5屬(shu)8種(zhong)(zhong)。種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)植物(wu)(wu)在《中(zhong)(zhong)國藥(yao)(yao)典》中(zhong)(zhong)共收載86科149屬(shu)179種(zhong)(zhong)。保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)內(nei)懸鉤(gou)子(zi)屬(shu)植物(wu)(wu)有(you)18種(zhong)(zhong)之多(duo)(duo),其中(zhong)(zhong)大(da)部分種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)的(de)(de)(de)果實(shi)可(ke)作覆(fu)(fu)盆(pen)子(zi)中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)使(shi)用(yong)(yong),覆(fu)(fu)盆(pen)子(zi)能益腎,固精(jing),縮尿,用(yong)(yong)于(yu)腎虛(xu)尿頻,陽痿早(zao)泄(xie),白(bai)帶增多(duo)(duo)等(deng)癥。保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)尚有(you)許多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao),如(ru)細(xi)辛(xin)類(lei),木(mu)通(tong)類(lei),五味子(zi)類(lei),栝樓類(lei),前胡類(lei),五加(jia)皮(pi)類(lei),吳茱萸類(lei),麥冬類(lei),薯蕷(yu)類(lei),七葉(xie)(xie)一枝花類(lei),沙參(can)類(lei)以(yi)及烏頭,黃連,草珊瑚,鉤(gou)藤等(deng)中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)。由于(yu)特殊的(de)(de)(de)地(di)理環境(jing),保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)內(nei)中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)資(zi)源(yuan)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)極豐富,有(you)的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)蘊藏量較(jiao)大(da),但有(you)的(de)(de)(de)蘊藏量較(jiao)小的(de)(de)(de)如(ru)石(shi)斛,獨(du)蒜蘭,石(shi)仙桃,徐長卿,八角蓮等(deng),這些種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)應(ying)注意(yi)不(bu)可(ke)過度采(cai)挖,應(ying)采(cai)取合理措施,使(shi)這些中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)資(zi)源(yuan)永續利用(yong)(yong)。而對于(yu)保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)廬山(shan)石(shi)韋,槲(hu)蕨(jue),大(da)血藤,大(da)葉(xie)(xie)冬青(qing),山(shan)雞(ji)椒,山(shan)臘梅(mei)(mei),柳葉(xie)(xie)臘梅(mei)(mei),崖豆藤屬(shu),獼猴(hou)桃屬(shu)等(deng)植物(wu)(wu),可(ke)以(yi)進(jin)行(xing)合理的(de)(de)(de)開發(fa)利用(yong)(yong)。
區內芳(fang)香植物資源豐富(fu),蘊藏(zang)量大,其種類較多的(de)科(ke)有樟(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)科(ke)樟(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)樹葉,枝干,樹皮均含(han)揮發(fa)油(you)(you)(you)(樟(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)油(you)(you)(you)),平均含(han)量3%~6%,油(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)含(han)樟(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)腦10%~50%。樟(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)油(you)(you)(you)經分餾(liu)后又(you)分為(wei)白樟(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)油(you)(you)(you),紅樟(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)油(you)(you)(you)和(he)蘭樟(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)油(you)(you)(you),分別為(wei)制取(qu)桉油(you)(you)(you)油(you)(you)(you)素(su)的(de)原(yuan)料(liao),合成香料(liao)的(de)原(yuan)料(liao)。細葉香桂的(de)葉是魚肉菜肴,醬(jiang)油(you)(you)(you),泡菜,罐頭等(deng)(deng)的(de)重(zhong)要配(pei)料(liao),能增加食品風味,具有強烈(lie)芳(fang)香和(he)辛辣(la)氣味。菊科(ke)野菊花的(de)干花和(he)葉含(han)油(you)(you)(you)011%~012%,可提取(qu)芳(fang)香油(you)(you)(you)(油(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)主要含(han)有α2蒎烯,檸檬烯,桉油(you)(you)(you)精(jing)(jing)等(deng)(deng))或浸膏(gao),調制各種皂用香精(jing)(jing)。