芒果视频下载

歷史沿革

保護區始建于1994年，2001年(nian)經(jing)江西省(sheng)人民政府(fu)批準(zhun)晉(jin)升為(wei)省(sheng)級(ji)自然保護區，2008年(nian)經(jing)國務院批準(zhun)晉(jin)升為(wei)國家(jia)級(ji)自然保護區。

地理環境

地理位置

保護區位于(yu)江西省資溪(xi)縣的(de)東(dong)北部，地(di)處武(wu)夷山(shan)脈(mo)中段(duan)，閩贛交(jiao)界的(de)武(wu)夷山(shan)脈(mo)西麓(lu)，地(di)理坐(zuo)標為東(dong)經117°09'11"-117'18"，北緯(wei)27°40'50"-27°53'52"。?

東(dong)(dong)(dong)由與(yu)福建(jian)省交(jiao)界(jie)(jie)的野(ye)雞(ji)(ji)頂(ding)起(qi)，向(xiang)南(nan)(nan)至(zhi)(zhi)觀(guan)音尖，再至(zhi)(zhi)南(nan)(nan)邊的1224米山(shan)(shan)峰(feng)，沿(yan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)港與(yu)南(nan)(nan)港分水山(shan)(shan)脊(ji)(ji)到(dao)(dao)西邊的月峰(feng)山(shan)(shan)，向(xiang)北沿(yan)山(shan)(shan)脊(ji)(ji)至(zhi)(zhi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)源橋頭，跨昌坪河(he)到(dao)(dao)高阜尖至(zhi)(zhi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)坑村后山(shan)(shan)脊(ji)(ji)，沿(yan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)方向(xiang)山(shan)(shan)脊(ji)(ji)到(dao)(dao)五(wu)臺山(shan)(shan)，轉向(xiang)東(dong)(dong)(dong)沿(yan)山(shan)(shan)脊(ji)(ji)至(zhi)(zhi)黃茅寨小路向(xiang)北，至(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)貴(gui)溪(xi)縣(xian)交(jiao)界(jie)(jie)的香臺山(shan)(shan)，再沿(yan)資溪(xi)、貴(gui)溪(xi)縣(xian)界(jie)(jie)向(xiang)東(dong)(dong)(dong)到(dao)(dao)與(yu)福建(jian)交(jiao)界(jie)(jie)點向(xiang)南(nan)(nan)回到(dao)(dao)東(dong)(dong)(dong)面與(yu)福建(jian)交(jiao)界(jie)(jie)的野(ye)雞(ji)(ji)頂(ding)止(zhi)。

地形地貌

馬頭(tou)山國(guo)家級自然保護區地貌大致(zhi)具有(you)盆嶺相(xiang)間，棋盤(pan)格狀展布之格局(ju).大多(duo)為燕山期花(hua)崗巖，土壤為花(hua)崗巖風化形成的山地紅(hong)壤，山地黃(huang)紅(hong)壤和(he)山地黃(huang)壤，以及小范圍(wei)的山地草(cao)甸土。

氣候特征

氣(qi)(qi)候屬亞(ya)熱帶濕潤(run)季風氣(qi)(qi)候，年均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫16～18℃，年均(jun)(jun)降水量192919mm，相對(dui)濕度83%。年均(jun)(jun)輻射量為(wei)(wei)10069711/cm2，年均(jun)(jun)日照為(wei)(wei)159716小時(shi)，年均(jun)(jun)霜期270天，年均(jun)(jun)霧日88天。

保護對象

森林資源

保(bao)護區位于武夷山脈中段腹(fu)地，森林植(zhi)被以天然(ran)常綠闊葉林為主，森林覆蓋率(lv)達(da)96.3%，生態環境優(you)良(liang)，生物多(duo)樣性豐富。區內有高等植(zhi)物275科(ke)1005屬2483種(zhong)，陸(lu)生脊椎(zhui)動物27目91科(ke)387種(zhong)。

馬頭(tou)山自然保護區保存有較(jiao)大范圍(wei)的原生性較(jiao)強的天然常綠闊(kuo)葉林(lin)，生物多樣性極為豐富。高等(deng)植(zhi)物約(yue)2500種，其中(zhong)屬國家重點保護植(zhi)物名錄(第(di)一批)有20余種，長葉榧(fei)(Torreyajackii)和(he)蛛網萼(Platycraterargnta)，江西僅在此(ci)有分布(bu)。

動物資源

其中(zhong)國(guo)家重點保護野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)植物(wu)有20種，國(guo)家重點保護野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)有54種。保護區主(zhu)要保護對象為美毛含笑、蛛(zhu)網萼、伯樂(le)樹等(deng)大面積(ji)的(de)珍(zhen)稀植物(wu)原生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)種群，其中(zhong)屬國(guo)家重點保護植物(wu)長(chang)葉(xie)榧(Torreyajackii)、蛛(zhu)網萼(Platycraterargnta)為保護區全省特有物(wu)種。還(huan)有南方紅豆(dou)杉、福建柏、天然杉木、伯樂(le)樹、莼菜(cai)、報春苣苔(tai)、白(bai)頸長(chang)尾雉(zhi)、黃(huang)腹角雉(zhi)、云豹(bao)、獼猴、黑熊等(deng)珍(zhen)稀野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)植物(wu)物(wu)種。

藥用資源

有豐富(fu)的野生(sheng)攀(pan)(pan)(pan)緣植物資源， 通過野外(wai)采集及標本的整理鑒定，初(chu)步確(que)認該區共有攀(pan)(pan)(pan)緣植物40科92屬222種(包括種下等(deng)級)。根據對(dui)馬頭山攀(pan)(pan)(pan)緣植物區系分析(xi)的結果，該區攀(pan)(pan)(pan)緣植物區系具(ju)有以下特征：(1)種類組(zu)成(cheng)豐富(fu)，地(di)理成(cheng)分復雜；(2)區系中熱(re)帶性地(di)理成(cheng)分占主導地(di)位(wei)；(3)區系成(cheng)分相(xiang)對(dui)古老，特有類群豐富(fu)，多型性突出；(4)華東(dong)區系特征明顯。

藥用植物資源分布

初步查明馬頭山自然保(bao)護區內有藥用(yong)(yong)植物(wu)1647種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，隸屬(shu)231科759屬(shu)，其中(zhong)裸(luo)子(zi)植物(wu)為(wei)13種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，隸屬(shu)8科13屬(shu)，被(bei)子(zi)植物(wu)1483種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，隸屬(shu)161科653屬(shu)。區內常用(yong)(yong)中(zhong)藥為(wei)187種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，藥用(yong)(yong)真(zhen)菌29種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，藥用(yong)(yong)苔蘚27種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，藥用(yong)(yong)蕨類88種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，藥用(yong)(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)植物(wu)1494種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，藥用(yong)(yong)珍(zhen)稀瀕危植物(wu)62種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，藥用(yong)(yong)特有植物(wu)18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，江西地理(li)記錄新分布8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。

（1）常(chang)用中藥植(zhi)物

江西是中國中藥(yao)材主要產區(qu)之(zhi)一，收購(gou)使用的(de)中藥(yao)有342種，而保護區(qu)內的(de)中藥(yao)就有187種(《中國藥(yao)典》2000年版收載的(de))。數量較(jiao)多的(de)有銀杏，側柏，厚樸(pu)，烏藥(yao)，仙鶴(he)草，金櫻子，葛，忍(ren)冬(dong)，旌(jing)節花，吳茱萸，女貞，絡石，梔子，鉤(gou)藤，烏頭，威靈仙，大(da)血藤，半夏，白及(ji)等(deng)。

（2）藥(yao)用真菌(jun)植物

馬頭(tou)山自(zi)然保(bao)護區鑒(jian)定了的真(zhen)菌(jun)有91種，其(qi)中29種為藥用真(zhen)菌(jun)，如銀耳(er)，黑木耳(er)，靈芝，茯苓，香菇(gu)(gu)(gu)，紫(zi)紅(hong)(hong)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)，絨紫(zi)紅(hong)(hong)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)，菱紅(hong)(hong)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)，側(ce)耳(er)，竹蓀(sun)等。靈芝，銀耳(er)，黑木耳(er)，茯苓為常(chang)用中藥，在臨床上具有較好的治療效果(guo)。此外，許多種類是(shi)食藥兩用的真(zhen)菌(jun)，如潔麗香菇(gu)(gu)(gu)，硬毛香菇(gu)(gu)(gu)，松乳(ru)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)，毛木耳(er)等種。

（3）藥(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)蕨(jue)類(lei)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)江西省(sheng)蕨(jue)類(lei)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)有(you)433種，隸屬(shu)114屬(shu)49科，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)蕨(jue)類(lei)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)為195種，隸屬(shu)84屬(shu)45科。馬頭山(shan)自然保(bao)護區的蕨(jue)類(lei)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)共有(you)142種，隸屬(shu)62屬(shu)30科，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)《中(zhong)(zhong)國藥(yao)(yao)(yao)典》，《中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)志(zhi)》所(suo)收載的常用(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)8種，它們分別為石松，紫萁，海金(jin)沙(sha)，烏(wu)蕨(jue)，野雞(ji)尾，石韋(wei)，卷柏，槲蕨(jue)等(deng)。214藥(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)種子(zi)(zi)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)馬頭山(shan)自然保(bao)護區內的藥(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)種子(zi)(zi)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)有(you)1494種(包括常用(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)，特有(you)種，珍稀瀕危種，新(xin)分布(bu)等(deng))，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)裸子(zi)(zi)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)13種，雙子(zi)(zi)葉植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)1294種，單子(zi)(zi)葉植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)106種。?

（4）藥(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)珍(zhen)(zhen)稀(xi)瀕(bin)(bin)危(wei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)保護區內(nei)除具有豐富的中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)及藥(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)，藥(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)蕨(jue)類(lei)(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)等資源(yuan)外，尚有許多種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)珍(zhen)(zhen)稀(xi)瀕(bin)(bin)危(wei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有相(xiang)當部分(fen)(fen)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)為(wei)(wei)藥(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)，區內(nei)共有藥(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)珍(zhen)(zhen)稀(xi)瀕(bin)(bin)危(wei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)62種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，它們(men)分(fen)(fen)別是鵝掌楸，乳源(yuan)木蓮，東方古柯，青牛膽，扯(che)根草，半蒴苣苔，福建柏，短梗大參/花(hua)葉(xie)開(kai)唇(chun)蘭，石斛等種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。保護區內(nei)繁多的野生(sheng)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，有18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)特有植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)，隸屬12屬13科，均為(wei)(wei)藥(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)，分(fen)(fen)別為(wei)(wei)銀杏，臘梅(mei)，亮葉(xie)臘梅(mei)，喜樹，青錢(qian)柳，杜(du)仲，枸杞(qi)，華紫珠(zhu)，老(lao)鴉糊，廣東紫珠(zhu)，長柄紫。

藥用植物資源

馬頭(tou)山(shan)自然(ran)保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)內(nei)(nei)1647種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)隸(li)(li)屬(shu)(shu)231科(ke)(ke)759屬(shu)(shu)，分(fen)(fen)(fen)布區(qu)(qu)(qu)類(lei)型(xing)(xing)廣泛(fan)，分(fen)(fen)(fen)屬(shu)(shu)14個分(fen)(fen)(fen)布區(qu)(qu)(qu)類(lei)型(xing)(xing)和16個分(fen)(fen)(fen)布區(qu)(qu)(qu)變(bian)型(xing)(xing)[8]，單(dan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屬(shu)(shu)，單(dan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)科(ke)(ke)約有10個，其中(zhong)(zhong)常用(yong)(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材為(wei)187種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(均為(wei)《中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)典》2000年版收載)，尚有種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)繁多的(de)(de)民間草藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)。從資(zi)源的(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)類(lei)群及性(xing)狀組成(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)析，1647種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)中(zhong)(zhong)，藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)藻類(lei)3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)真(zhen)菌類(lei)29種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)地衣類(lei)4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)苔蘚27種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)蕨類(lei)88種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)裸子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)13種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，雙(shuang)子(zi)葉植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)1296種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，單(dan)子(zi)葉植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)106種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。草本植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)1002種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，木(mu)本植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)423種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，藤本植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)157種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。區(qu)(qu)(qu)內(nei)(nei)復(fu)雜(za)的(de)(de)自然(ran)條件為(wei)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)生長發育提(ti)供了(le)不同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)生態(tai)環境。藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)資(zi)源十(shi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)豐富(fu)，共有藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)1647種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)為(wei)1496種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，隸(li)(li)屬(shu)(shu)666屬(shu)(shu)169科(ke)(ke)。同(tong)(tong)樣，區(qu)(qu)(qu)內(nei)(nei)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)系成(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)十(shi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)豐富(fu)。

馬(ma)頭(tou)山自然保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)內(nei)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)的(de)藥(yao)用種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)植(zhi)物(wu)共有(you)(you)(you)174科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)，其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)熱帶性(xing)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)為92科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)，占總科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)5219%；溫帶性(xing)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)為23科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)，占總科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)數的(de)1312%；世界分(fen)布(bu)(bu)的(de)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)為41科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)，占總科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)數的(de)2316%；東亞和東亞2北美間斷分(fen)布(bu)(bu)的(de)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)14科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)，占總科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)數的(de)8105%；中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國特有(you)(you)(you)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)4科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)，占總科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)數的(de)213%。在174科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，含(han)(han)54～73種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)3科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)，分(fen)別為菊科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)73種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，豆科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)56種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，薔薇科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)54種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。含(han)(han)30～42種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)4科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)，分(fen)別是(shi)禾本科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)42種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，唇形(xing)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)36種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，百合(he)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)32種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，茜草科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)30種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。含(han)(han)20～26種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)8科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)，分(fen)別是(shi)樟科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)26種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，蘭科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)25種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，馬(ma)鞭草科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)24種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，大戟科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)22種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，山茶科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)22種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，蓼科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)21種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，葡萄科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)20種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，傘形(xing)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)20種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。412屬的(de)分(fen)析根(gen)據吳(wu)征(zheng)鎰的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)植(zhi)物(wu)的(de)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)系統，馬(ma)頭(tou)山自然保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)藥(yao)用植(zhi)物(wu)的(de)666屬，歸屬于14個分(fen)布(bu)(bu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)和16個分(fen)布(bu)(bu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)變型(xing)。除中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞分(fen)布(bu)(bu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)外，馬(ma)頭(tou)山自然保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)藥(yao)用種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)植(zhi)物(wu)屬的(de)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)包括了中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國所有(you)(you)(you)15種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)14種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和31種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)。

馬(ma)(ma)頭(tou)山(shan)自然保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)植(zhi)物區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系與(yu)世(shi)(shi)界各(ge)部分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)廣泛聯(lian)系及與(yu)熱(re)帶(dai)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系的(de)(de)(de)(de)密切聯(lian)系。熱(re)帶(dai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)類型(xing)占(zhan)(zhan)優勢：馬(ma)(ma)頭(tou)山(shan)自然保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)植(zhi)物熱(re)帶(dai)性(xing)(xing)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)316屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，占(zhan)(zhan)總屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)4716%。東亞及東亞和(he)北美洲(zhou)間斷分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)類型(xing)突出：在(zai)馬(ma)(ma)頭(tou)山(shan)自然保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子植(zhi)物中(zhong)(zhong)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)東亞及東亞2北美間斷分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)共(gong)計130屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，占(zhan)(zhan)總屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)1916%，占(zhan)(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)東亞分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)總數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)4315%。古老分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)類型(xing)較(jiao)明(ming)顯：保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)三尖(jian)杉，銀杏，南(nan)方紅豆杉，長葉榧樹等(deng)，為典型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)孓遺種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)或第三，四紀殘遺種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。鵝掌(zhang)楸，青錢柳，伯樂(le)樹，楓(feng)香(xiang)，臘梅等(deng)均為分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)類學殘遺種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)特(te)有(you)(you)(you)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)類型(xing)較(jiao)多(duo)：中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子植(zhi)物特(te)有(you)(you)(you)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)為257屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，在(zai)江西(xi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)50屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，占(zhan)(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)總屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)1117%，其中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)為22屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，占(zhan)(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)總屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)816%，占(zhan)(zhan)江西(xi)總屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)7313%。在(zai)馬(ma)(ma)頭(tou)山(shan)自然保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內(nei)共(gong)有(you)(you)(you)18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)特(te)有(you)(you)(you)植(zhi)物，分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)于12特(te)有(you)(you)(you)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，占(zhan)(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)總屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)4167%，占(zhan)(zhan)江西(xi)總屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)24%。413種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析在(zai)馬(ma)(ma)頭(tou)山(shan)自然保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)1494種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)植(zhi)物中(zhong)(zhong)，中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)特(te)有(you)(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其中(zhong)(zhong)13種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為古特(te)有(you)(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為新特(te)有(you)(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。非特(te)有(you)(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)熱(re)帶(dai)性(xing)(xing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)約(yue)有(you)(you)(you)753種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)于溫帶(dai)性(xing)(xing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)約(yue)有(you)(you)(you)349種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，世(shi)(shi)界性(xing)(xing)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)約(yue)166種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，東亞和(he)東亞2北美洲(zhou)間斷分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)約(yue)有(you)(you)(you)208種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。從上述分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析可見，在(zai)馬(ma)(ma)頭(tou)山(shan)自然保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)植(zhi)物具有(you)(you)(you)熱(re)帶(dai)，亞熱(re)帶(dai)性(xing)(xing)性(xing)(xing)質。

蜜源植物

保護區內的(de)(de)野(ye)生(sheng)蜜(mi)源(yuan)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)資源(yuan)十分(fen)豐富，主要蜜(mi)源(yuan)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)如杜鵑花(hua)屬植物(wu)(wu)(wu)，該類(lei)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)蜂(feng)蜜(mi)色(se)(se)淺，蜜(mi)質優(you)良，結晶乳白(bai)色(se)(se)，味甘甜純正適(shi)口(kou)。夏季蜂(feng)蜜(mi)源(yuan)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)如小果冬青，花(hua)多，泌(mi)蜜(mi)豐富，對蜜(mi)蜂(feng)有(you)強(qiang)烈的(de)(de)誘惑力，蜜(mi)淺琥珀色(se)(se)半透明，結晶乳白(bai)細膩，味純正，甘甜，清香(xiang)適(shi)口(kou)。秋季蜜(mi)源(yuan)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)如豆科(ke)的(de)(de)胡枝子(zi)屬植物(wu)(wu)(wu)，開花(hua)泌(mi)蜜(mi)時間較長(chang)，蜜(mi)淺琥珀色(se)(se)，結晶潔白(bai)，細膩如脂，氣味芳香(xiang)，甜而不膩，質優(you)良。冬季蜜(mi)源(yuan)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)如山茶科(ke)柃屬的(de)(de)多種(zhong)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)，其花(hua)香(xiang)，泌(mi)蜜(mi)豐富，誘蜂(feng)力強(qiang)，為冬季蜜(mi)源(yuan)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)特殊種(zhong)類(lei)，蜜(mi)水白(bai)透明，濃郁芳香(xiang)，蜜(mi)質優(you)良。此外還有(you)刺(ci)槐，柿(shi)，泡桐，山烏桕，椴(duan)樹，杜荊等多種(zhong)蜜(mi)源(yuan)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)，這為發(fa)展本(ben)地區的(de)(de)養蜂(feng)業創(chuang)造了良好的(de)(de)自然環境。

植(zhi)物(wu)色素(su)(su)作(zuo)為(wei)食品(pin)著(zhu)色劑和(he)紡織(zhi)染色原料(liao)已(yi)被廣泛應用(yong)(yong)，如殼(ke)斗科(ke)的(de)多穗柯葉中富含棕色素(su)(su)，應用(yong)(yong)于(yu)糖果，冷飲，糕點等食品(pin)中著(zhu)色，呈色與可(ke)可(ke)糖相似，效果良好(hao)。茜草(cao)科(ke)梔子的(de)果實可(ke)提取黃色素(su)(su)，可(ke)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)纖維染色，也可(ke)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)食品(pin)著(zhu)色。茜草(cao)根(gen)中所含茜草(cao)紅(hong)色素(su)(su)，可(ke)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)植(zhi)物(wu)纖維的(de)染色，亦可(ke)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)食品(pin)著(zhu)色，鼠李科(ke)凍綠的(de)莖皮含綠色素(su)(su)，可(ke)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)棉絲織(zhi)品(pin)的(de)染色等。

花卉植物

保(bao)護區(qu)內野生(sheng)花(hua)(hua)卉植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)資源豐富(fu)，蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)科的(de)(de)(de)蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)花(hua)(hua)類植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)，如(ru)鶴頂(ding)蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)，斑(ban)葉(xie)蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)，建蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)，春(chun)蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)，寒蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)，竹葉(xie)蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)，花(hua)(hua)葉(xie)開唇蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)等，這些植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)具有(you)很高的(de)(de)(de)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)賞(shang)價(jia)值，同時又可(ke)藥用(yong)。杜(du)鵑花(hua)(hua)是世(shi)界名花(hua)(hua)，也(ye)是中國十(shi)大名花(hua)(hua)之一，人(ren)們對它十(shi)分厚愛，其(qi)同屬植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)滿山紅，鹿角杜(du)鵑，馬銀花(hua)(hua)等均作為觀(guan)(guan)(guan)花(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)花(hua)(hua)卉植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)。觀(guan)(guan)(guan)賞(shang)的(de)(de)(de)花(hua)(hua)卉植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)還有(you)木(mu)蘭(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)科，竹科等。此外，保(bao)護區(qu)內還有(you)許(xu)多抗(kang)(kang)污(wu)染(ran)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)，它們能(neng)夠吸(xi)收(shou)大氣(qi)中的(de)(de)(de)有(you)害(hai)氣(qi)體，滯留灰塵，殺滅細菌(jun)，減少噪音，從而保(bao)護大氣(qi)中氧(yang)氣(qi)和二(er)氧(yang)化碳的(de)(de)(de)平衡。如(ru)合歡，構(gou)樹(shu)(shu)，臭椿，紫薇，楊梅等植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)均有(you)抗(kang)(kang)二(er)氧(yang)化硫的(de)(de)(de)特性。抗(kang)(kang)氯氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)側柏，樟樹(shu)(shu)，栓皮櫟，棕櫚，女貞，石楠，蚊母樹(shu)(shu)，胡頹(tui)子，枸骨等。抗(kang)(kang)鎘污(wu)染(ran)源的(de)(de)(de)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)尾(wei)葉(xie)冬青，刺果衛矛等。抗(kang)(kang)硫化物(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)楓楊，喜樹(shu)(shu)等。抗(kang)(kang)汞植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)山楂，刺槐，枇杷等。樸樹(shu)(shu)，榆(yu)樹(shu)(shu)，銀杏，桑樹(shu)(shu)，木(mu)槿以及(ji)臭椿，枇杷，紫薇，烏(wu)桕等具有(you)吸(xi)塵，滯塵能(neng)力(li)強特色。

區域面積

保護區(qu)(qu)總面積13866.53公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)，其中(zhong)核心區(qu)(qu)4286.08公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)、占保護區(qu)(qu)總面積的30.9%，緩沖(chong)區(qu)(qu)3438.72公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)、占24.8%，實驗區(qu)(qu)6141.73公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)、占44.3%。

開發利用

藥用植物資源開(kai)發(fa)與利用

馬(ma)頭山(shan)自(zi)然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)由于(yu)所處的特(te)殊地理(li)位置，區(qu)內(nei)有(you)著豐(feng)富(fu)的中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)材(cai)資源。據初步統計，蕨(jue)類(lei)(lei)植物在《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國藥(yao)(yao)典》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)收載(zai)的有(you)4科5屬(shu)8種(zhong)(zhong)。種(zhong)(zhong)子植物在《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國藥(yao)(yao)典》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共收載(zai)86科149屬(shu)179種(zhong)(zhong)。保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)內(nei)懸鉤子屬(shu)植物有(you)18種(zhong)(zhong)之多，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大(da)部分(fen)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)的果實可(ke)作(zuo)覆(fu)盆(pen)子中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)使用(yong)(yong)，覆(fu)盆(pen)子能益腎(shen)(shen)，固精，縮尿，用(yong)(yong)于(yu)腎(shen)(shen)虛尿頻，陽(yang)痿早泄，白帶增多等(deng)癥。保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)尚有(you)許多種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)，如細辛類(lei)(lei)，木通類(lei)(lei)，五味子類(lei)(lei)，栝樓類(lei)(lei)，前(qian)胡類(lei)(lei)，五加皮(pi)類(lei)(lei)，吳(wu)茱萸類(lei)(lei)，麥冬(dong)類(lei)(lei)，薯蕷類(lei)(lei)，七葉一枝花類(lei)(lei)，沙參類(lei)(lei)以及烏頭，黃連，草珊瑚(hu)，鉤藤等(deng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)。由于(yu)特(te)殊的地理(li)環境，保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)內(nei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)資源種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)極(ji)豐(feng)富(fu)，有(you)的種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)蘊藏量較大(da)，但(dan)有(you)的蘊藏量較小的如石(shi)斛，獨蒜(suan)蘭(lan)，石(shi)仙桃(tao)，徐長卿，八(ba)角蓮等(deng)，這些種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)應注(zhu)意不可(ke)過度(du)采挖，應采取合(he)理(li)措施，使這些中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)資源永續(xu)利用(yong)(yong)。而對(dui)于(yu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)廬山(shan)石(shi)韋，槲蕨(jue)，大(da)血(xue)藤，大(da)葉冬(dong)青，山(shan)雞(ji)椒，山(shan)臘梅(mei)，柳葉臘梅(mei)，崖豆藤屬(shu)，獼(mi)猴(hou)桃(tao)屬(shu)等(deng)植物，可(ke)以進行合(he)理(li)的開發利用(yong)(yong)。

區內(nei)芳(fang)(fang)香(xiang)(xiang)植物資源豐富，蘊藏量大(da)，其(qi)種類較多的(de)科(ke)(ke)有(you)(you)樟(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)科(ke)(ke)樟(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)樹葉，枝干(gan)，樹皮均含揮發(fa)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(樟(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you))，平均含量3%～6%，油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)(zhong)含樟(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)腦10%～50%。樟(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)經(jing)分(fen)餾后又分(fen)為白樟(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)，紅樟(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)和蘭樟(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)，分(fen)別為制(zhi)取桉油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)素的(de)原(yuan)(yuan)料(liao)，合成(cheng)香(xiang)(xiang)料(liao)的(de)原(yuan)(yuan)料(liao)。細葉香(xiang)(xiang)桂的(de)葉是魚(yu)肉菜(cai)(cai)肴，醬油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)，泡菜(cai)(cai)，罐頭等(deng)的(de)重(zhong)要配料(liao)，能增加食品風味，具有(you)(you)強烈芳(fang)(fang)香(xiang)(xiang)和辛(xin)辣氣(qi)味。菊科(ke)(ke)野菊花(hua)的(de)干(gan)花(hua)和葉含油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)011%～012%，可提取芳(fang)(fang)香(xiang)(xiang)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)(zhong)主要含有(you)(you)α2蒎烯，檸檬烯，桉油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)精等(deng))或浸膏(gao)，調制(zhi)各(ge)種皂用香(xiang)(xiang)精。