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歷史沿革

1982年(nian)，經湖南省(sheng)人(ren)民政(zheng)府批(pi)準建立八大公(gong)山自然保護區。

1986年，經國(guo)務院批(pi)準為中國(guo)首批(pi)“國(guo)家級自然保(bao)護區”。

1990年，經張家(jia)界(jie)市人民政府批準成立“湖南八大公山(shan)(shan)國家(jia)級自然保(bao)護區(qu)管理(li)處”。下設(she)一室四科(ke)六站(zhan)(zhan)兩所(suo)，即辦(ban)公室、財務科(ke)、資源保(bao)護科(ke)、公安消防(fang)科(ke)、社區(qu)共管科(ke)、杉木界(jie)管理(li)站(zhan)(zhan)、斗篷山(shan)(shan)管理(li)站(zhan)(zhan)、天(tian)(tian)平山(shan)(shan)管理(li)站(zhan)(zhan)、楠木坪檢查站(zhan)(zhan)、病蟲(chong)害防(fang)治檢疫站(zhan)(zhan)、天(tian)(tian)平山(shan)(shan)原始森林接待站(zhan)(zhan)、科(ke)研所(suo)和派出所(suo)。

地理環境

位置

八大公山(shan)國家級自(zi)然保護區位于(yu)湖南省桑植縣(xian)的北部邊(bian)陲，地(di)處云貴高原古陸(lu)塊東(dong)(dong)北邊(bian)緣的武(wu)陵山(shan)脈的北端，地(di)理坐(zuo)標(biao)為東(dong)(dong)經109°41'45"-110°09'50"，北緯29°39 '18"—29°49'48"。

土壤

保護(hu)區露出地層主(zhu)要(yao)為(wei)(wei)古生代的寒武(wu)紀、志留紀、泥(ni)盆紀和(he)二(er)迭紀的地層，基巖(yan)(yan)主(zhu)要(yao)為(wei)(wei)石(shi)灰巖(yan)(yan)、板巖(yan)(yan)和(he)頁巖(yan)(yan)。土(tu)(tu)壤類(lei)型主(zhu)要(yao)有山(shan)(shan)(shan)地黃棕壤、石(shi)灰土(tu)(tu)和(he)山(shan)(shan)(shan)地沼澤(ze)土(tu)(tu)。其中山(shan)(shan)(shan)地黃棕壤成土(tu)(tu)母巖(yan)(yan)主(zhu)要(yao)是板頁巖(yan)(yan)、細砂巖(yan)(yan)、粉砂巖(yan)(yan)；石(shi)灰土(tu)(tu)成土(tu)(tu)母巖(yan)(yan)主(zhu)要(yao)是深(shen)灰色灰巖(yan)(yan)、泥(ni)質灰巖(yan)(yan)、豹皮狀(zhuang)和(he)泥(ni)質條帶(dai)灰巖(yan)(yan)、瘤(liu)狀(zhuang)灰巖(yan)(yan)、白云質灰巖(yan)(yan)等。海(hai)拔(ba)1000米以上為(wei)(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)地黃棕壤，是自然保護(hu)區分布面積廣泛的土(tu)(tu)壤類(lei)型。海(hai)拔(ba)1000米以下為(wei)(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)地黃壤，土(tu)(tu)壤深(shen)厚、肥沃，但缺磷，呈(cheng)酸性，pH值5～6之間。

氣候

保護區屬于(yu)亞熱(re)(re)帶(dai)山(shan)地濕(shi)潤季風氣(qi)(qi)候。年平(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)為(wei)攝氏(shi)(shi)(shi)11.5℃；最冷月(yue)（1月(yue)）平(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)攝氏(shi)(shi)(shi)0.1℃, 最熱(re)(re)月(yue)（7月(yue)）平(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)為(wei)攝氏(shi)(shi)(shi)22.8℃，極端最低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度在(zai)攝氏(shi)(shi)(shi)-10℃～-15℃。無霜期190天左(zuo)右；全年積溫(wen)(wen)(wen)攝氏(shi)(shi)(shi)3621.6℃。其積溫(wen)(wen)(wen)、最冷月(yue)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)和極端最低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)等(deng)氣(qi)(qi)象因子具(ju)有北(bei)亞熱(re)(re)帶(dai)向暖溫(wen)(wen)(wen)帶(dai)過(guo)渡的氣(qi)(qi)候特色(se)。

年(nian)(nian)平均降水(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)為2105.4毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，最高(gao)達(da)2840.1毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，雨日(ri)176天，海拔每升高(gao)100米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，平均增加水(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)79.3毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。是(shi)湖南(nan)三大暴雨中心之一(yi)，年(nian)(nian)蒸(zheng)發量(liang)(liang)(liang)400毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左右，為年(nian)(nian)降水(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)20%，按技術(shu)規程計算，全年(nian)(nian)流出的(de)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)約4.5億立方米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。全年(nian)(nian)相(xiang)對濕(shi)度(du)在90%以上，屬于(yu)濕(shi)潤地區。全年(nian)(nian)霧日(ri)數達(da)145天，年(nian)(nian)輻射量(liang)(liang)(liang)較低(di)。

地形

八大公(gong)山西北有鄂西山地(di)，再往北有秦巴山地(di)層(ceng)迭屏障，西南為黔東(dong)(dong)高原，東(dong)(dong)南有武陵、雪(xue)峰山地(di)相間(jian)突起，東(dong)(dong)端則向洞庭湖區(qu)逐(zhu)漸(jian)降低，處于(yu)一個半輻合狀的(de)(de)群山之間(jian)。偏南濕潤(run)空氣易進入滯(zhi)留，凝云致雨的(de)(de)機會(hui)較多(duo)，使區(qu)內動植物在生(sheng)境(jing)上具有得(de)天獨厚的(de)(de)條件和優越的(de)(de)地(di)理背景(jing)。

面積范圍

八大(da)(da)公(gong)(gong)山國家級自然保(bao)護區東西(xi)長45千(qian)米，南(nan)(nan)北(bei)寬16千(qian)米。東與桑植縣的龍潭坪鎮接壤，南(nan)(nan)與芭茅溪鄉、五道水鎮、八大(da)(da)公(gong)(gong)山鄉毗(pi)鄰，西(xi)與湖(hu)南(nan)(nan)省(sheng)龍山縣相(xiang)連，北(bei)與湖(hu)北(bei)省(sheng)宣(xuan)恩、來鳳、鶴峰毗(pi)鄰。總面積2萬公(gong)(gong)頃。

保護對象

八大(da)(da)公山國家(jia)級自然保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)屬(shu)于森(sen)林生態類型自然保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)，是(shi)以(yi)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)亞熱帶常綠落葉(xie)(xie)闊葉(xie)(xie)林和野生動物為主(zhu)的森(sen)林生態系統(tong)(tong)類型自然保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)  八大(da)(da)公山保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)管轄的重點生態公益(yi)林有(you)23468公頃，分天平山、杉木界、斗篷山三大(da)(da)林區(qu)，木材蓄積量為110萬(wan)立方米，森(sen)林覆蓋率(lv)達93.4%，是(shi)亞熱帶地區(qu)保(bao)存完整、面(mian)積大(da)(da)的天然常綠闊葉(xie)(xie)林，并具有(you)獨特的亞熱帶山地森(sen)林生態系統(tong)(tong)特點。

植物

八大(da)公(gong)山國家級自然保護區區內植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類豐富，據調(diao)查統計，有高等(deng)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)216科(ke)2408種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。其中(zhong)(zhong)，屬國家Ⅰ級保護野(ye)生植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)有珙桐、光葉(xie)珙桐、南(nan)方紅豆杉、紅豆杉、鐘萼(e)木、銀杏等(deng)6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；屬國家Ⅱ級保護植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)29種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；瀕(bin)危(wei)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；漸危(wei)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)21種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；稀有植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)16種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；模(mo)式標本(ben)產地(di)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。上述屬科(ke)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)中(zhong)(zhong)，有藥用植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)1000余種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其中(zhong)(zhong)，有被譽為(wei)“四大(da)藥王”的烏金七、金盤七，還有竹節(jie)人參、天(tian)麻、黃蓮(lian)、七葉(xie)一(yi)枝(zhi)花等(deng)一(yi)大(da)批珍貴藥材。還是桑植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)椴(duan)、桑植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)吊石巨苔(tai)、桑植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)節(jie)竹、修葉(xie)啼蓋蕨(jue)、邊(bian)生鱗毛蕨(jue)等(deng)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)新種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的模(mo)式標本(ben)產地(di)。

八(ba)大公山屬于(yu)(yu)泛北(bei)極植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)區，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國—日本森林(lin)(lin)(lin)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)亞(ya)區的華中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)區。植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)組成(cheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)熱帶(dai)(dai)亞(ya)洲植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)區系(xi)、北(bei)溫(wen)帶(dai)(dai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)區系(xi)、東南亞(ya)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)區系(xi)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)及東亞(ya)——北(bei)美植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)區系(xi)為主要成(cheng)分(fen)(fen)。植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)不(bu)僅具(ju)有(you)(you)北(bei)亞(ya)熱帶(dai)(dai)的典型(xing)特(te)點(dian)，而且，還明(ming)(ming)顯反映出亞(ya)熱帶(dai)(dai)向暖溫(wen)帶(dai)(dai)過渡的特(te)征。是東亞(ya)兩大植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)區系(xi)重要交(jiao)(jiao)匯(hui)區域(yu)，具(ju)有(you)(you)極為重要的植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)地(di)(di)(di)理學研究價值。分(fen)(fen)布(bu)有(you)(you)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國種(zhong)子植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)屬15個(ge)地(di)(di)(di)理分(fen)(fen)布(bu)類型(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的14個(ge)，含5個(ge)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)型(xing)組、9個(ge)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)型(xing)、13個(ge)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)亞(ya)型(xing)、19個(ge)群系(xi)組，26個(ge)群系(xi)、36個(ge)群叢 。由(you)于(yu)(yu)地(di)(di)(di)形(xing)復雜 ，山勢高差大，生態環境(jing)在空間(jian)形(xing)成(cheng)多個(ge)梯度(du)，植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)具(ju)有(you)(you)明(ming)(ming)顯的植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)帶(dai)(dai)。通(tong)過30塊標準(zhun)地(di)(di)(di)27325平方米(mi)(mi)樣(yang)地(di)(di)(di)調查結果表明(ming)(ming)：基(ji)帶(dai)(dai)典型(xing)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)屬于(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)熱帶(dai)(dai)山地(di)(di)(di)常(chang)綠(lv)闊葉(xie)(xie)林(lin)(lin)(lin)；海拔1000米(mi)(mi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上則(ze)為常(chang)綠(lv)、落(luo)葉(xie)(xie)闊葉(xie)(xie)混交(jiao)(jiao)林(lin)(lin)(lin)；山脊部為山頂(ding)矮林(lin)(lin)(lin)、喬木樹(shu)種(zhong)普遍矮化。據樣(yang)地(di)(di)(di)調查，其主要類型(xing)有(you)(you)：以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)鐵杉(shan)(shan)屬為主的針闊葉(xie)(xie)混交(jiao)(jiao)林(lin)(lin)(lin)（海拔1500米(mi)(mi)左(zuo)右(you)）；以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)原生型(xing)杉(shan)(shan)木林(lin)(lin)(lin)為主的暖性針葉(xie)(xie)林(lin)(lin)(lin)（海拔1220米(mi)(mi)）；以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)亮葉(xie)(xie)水青(qing)岡(gang)林(lin)(lin)(lin)為主的落(luo)葉(xie)(xie)闊葉(xie)(xie)林(lin)(lin)(lin)（海拔1400-1890米(mi)(mi)）；常(chang)綠(lv)、落(luo)葉(xie)(xie)闊葉(xie)(xie)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(海拔1000-1400米(mi)(mi)左(zuo)右(you))如(ru)：地(di)(di)(di)錦槭(qi)（多脈青(qing)岡(gang)是這個(ge)地(di)(di)(di)帶(dai)(dai)的頂(ding)極群落(luo)的主要群種(zhong)）；常(chang)綠(lv)闊葉(xie)(xie)林(lin)(lin)(lin)（1000米(mi)(mi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下）。

動物

八大公山國家級(ji)自然(ran)保護(hu)區有(you)(you)陸地脊(ji)椎(zhui)動物21目(mu)(mu)(mu)64科(ke)(ke)(ke)237種(zhong)，其(qi)中獸(shou)類(lei)8目(mu)(mu)(mu)20科(ke)(ke)(ke)45種(zhong)、鳥類(lei)9目(mu)(mu)(mu)27科(ke)(ke)(ke)135種(zhong)（留鳥97種(zhong)、夏候鳥20種(zhong)、冬(dong)候鳥18種(zhong)）、爬行類(lei)2目(mu)(mu)(mu)10科(ke)(ke)(ke)39種(zhong)（毒蛇3種(zhong)）、兩(liang)棲類(lei)2目(mu)(mu)(mu)7科(ke)(ke)(ke)18種(zhong)；有(you)(you)昆蟲22目(mu)(mu)(mu)177科(ke)(ke)(ke)4175種(zhong)（其(qi)中新種(zhong)34個、天敵昆蟲12目(mu)(mu)(mu)58科(ke)(ke)(ke)411種(zhong)）。

區內有(you)(you)(you)國(guo)家(jia)重(zhong)點保(bao)護(hu)和珍(zhen)貴瀕(bin)危動(dong)(dong)物15目28科86種，屬國(guo)家(jia)一級保(bao)護(hu)的有(you)(you)(you)金(jin)錢豹、云豹、林麝、白(bai)冠長尾雉(zhi)、金(jin)雕(diao)等(deng)5種，二級保(bao)護(hu)的有(you)(you)(you)獼(mi)猴、毛冠鹿、蘇門(men)羚、水鹿、大鯢、紅腹角雉(zhi)等(deng)51種，省重(zhong)點保(bao)護(hu)的20種、八(ba)大公(gong)山(shan)保(bao)護(hu)區特有(you)(you)(you)種12種。1991年(nian)聯(lian)合(he)國(guo)野生動(dong)(dong)物基金(jin)會專家(jia)從糞(fen)便、足跡上判斷，認定(ding)保(bao)護(hu)區內有(you)(you)(you)華南(nan)虎。

管理措施

1990年，自然保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)管理(li)處(chu)成立(li)后(hou)，不(bu)僅物種(zhong)種(zhong)群(qun)穩定(ding)，自然演(yan)替(ti)和更(geng)新狀(zhuang)態良好(hao)，且生(sheng)物多樣性程度(du)明顯提(ti)(ti)高。這充分說明了(le)建立(li)保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)并(bing)開展保護(hu)(hu)管理(li)之后(hou)，實(shi)現(xian)了(le)由“荒山(shan)到植(zhi)被恢(hui)復”和“不(bu)穩定(ding)生(sheng)境類(lei)型”向(xiang)“穩定(ding)性生(sheng)境類(lei)型”轉變的過(guo)程，從而提(ti)(ti)高了(le)生(sheng)物物種(zhong)生(sheng)境質量，維持了(le)整個森林生(sheng)態系統的良性循環。

基礎設施

管理處(chu)成立以(yi)來，先后實施(shi)了(le)八(ba)大(da)公(gong)(gong)山自然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)一、二期(qi)基本建(jian)設(she)工程。共(gong)完成固定資產投資1046萬元，修建(jian)3個管理站，1棟(dong)辦公(gong)(gong)樓和1棟(dong)接待(dai)站，房屋(wu)建(jian)筑(zhu)面積達(da)6700㎡；架(jia)設(she)輸電線路60公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)；修筑(zhu)林區(qu)公(gong)(gong)路50公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)；購置(zhi)車輛、對講機、滅火(huo)器具等巡(xun)護(hu)和防(fang)火(huo)設(she)備；修建(jian)防(fang)火(huo)線路80公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)，護(hu)林便道85公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)；改造(zao)低壓(ya)線路56公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)；修建(jian)防(fang)火(huo)了(le)望臺4座(zuo)；埋設(she)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)界樁、界牌187個。

基礎科研

八(ba)大(da)公山(shan)自(zi)然保(bao)護(hu)區管理處成立以(yi)來，物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)名錄所記(ji)(ji)載的物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)比1981年調查時增加了2320種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其中(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)593種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),脊(ji)椎動物(wu)(wu)(wu)166種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，昆(kun)蟲668種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，蕨類植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)507種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、真菌386種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。在(zai)物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)名錄更新方面(mian)，植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)新增加湖南新記(ji)(ji)錄種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)59種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；昆(kun)蟲發現新種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)62種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，發現新屬1，新增中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)新記(ji)(ji)錄種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)33種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，真菌新增湖南省新記(ji)(ji)錄種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)38種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。已基本(ben)弄清了八(ba)大(da)公山(shan)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)自(zi)然保(bao)護(hu)區國(guo)(guo)家(jia)重點(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共有153種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。其中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)重點(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)99種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，國(guo)(guo)家(jia)重點(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)54種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。國(guo)(guo)家(jia)一級(ji)保(bao)護(hu)動植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)分別為5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。

項目建設

實(shi)(shi)(shi)施林(lin)業(ye)(ye)持(chi)續(xu)發展、公(gong)益(yi)林(lin)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)、標本制(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)等項(xiang)目(mu)。林(lin)業(ye)(ye)持(chi)續(xu)項(xiang)目(mu)不僅為(wei)自然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)提供(gong)了大量資金支(zhi)援，還在培養(yang)專業(ye)(ye)人才、提高保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)管理能(neng)力(li)和改善(shan)社區(qu)(qu)關(guan)系方面產生了積極影響(xiang)，對加速保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)的(de)建設進程有著十分重要的(de)現實(shi)(shi)(shi)和歷史意義。公(gong)益(yi)林(lin)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)項(xiang)目(mu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)施后，林(lin)區(qu)(qu)林(lin)農收入得到增加，森林(lin)得到有效保(bao)(bao)護(hu)，生態環境(jing)明顯(xian)改善(shan)。標本制(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)施，進一(yi)步提高我(wo)區(qu)(qu)標本制(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)水平(ping)和科研(yan)能(neng)力(li)，為(wei)我(wo)區(qu)(qu)今后科研(yan)監(jian)測工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)奠定了堅實(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)基礎。

宣傳教育

建(jian)區(qu)之初，保(bao)護區(qu)邊界糾紛(fen)不斷，亂采濫挖(wa)，亂捕(bu)濫獵(lie)，亂砍濫伐現(xian)象十(shi)分嚴重(zhong)。管(guan)理處借助林業持續發展，大(da)力開展社區(qu)項目活動，使周邊社區(qu)的居民在獲取一定利(li)益(yi)的同時(shi)，接受到(dao)了生物多(duo)樣性保(bao)護知(zhi)識的教(jiao)育。通過(guo)廣泛宣傳，還得到(dao)了縣(xian)委縣(xian)政府對(dui)保(bao)護區(qu)建(jian)設工作的極大(da)支持和重(zhong)視。2007年，建(jian)立(li)了保(bao)護區(qu)網站，為擴(kuo)大(da)知(zhi)名度，宣傳保(bao)護區(qu)發揮(hui)了重(zhong)要作用。

開發利用

地貌景觀

八大峰(feng)(feng)高(gao)聳，層巒疊嶂，幽(you)谷深澈，海拔(ba)千米以上的(de)高(gao)峰(feng)(feng)多達351座(zuo)，最高(gao)海拔(ba)1890.4米，最低海拔(ba)395米，相對高(gao)差(cha)之(zhi)大，足見山(shan)體(ti)之(zhi)雄(xiong)(xiong)偉。從山(shan)腳(jiao)向(xiang)上眺(tiao)望，一座(zuo)座(zuo)山(shan)峰(feng)(feng)高(gao)聳云端(duan)，參差(cha)迭宕，如黛似煙。漫步林中，鬼(gui)斧神(shen)鑿的(de)“一線天”和“獅(shi)子巖”、造(zao)型逼(bi)真的(de)“棋(qi)盤巖”等(deng)叫人(ren)凝神(shen)駐足，流連(lian)忘返。區內群山(shan)起伏，奇峰(feng)(feng)突(tu)起，40多條山(shan)脈縱(zong)橫交(jiao)錯，599座(zuo)山(shan)峰(feng)(feng)星羅棋(qi)布，山(shan)體(ti)切割強(qiang)烈(lie)，神(shen)奇的(de)造(zao)山(shan)運(yun)動使有的(de)山(shan)頭尖(jian)如利刃(ren)，有的(de)彎(wan)如牛(niu)(niu)角，有的(de)直如筆(bi)桿(gan)，有的(de)形(xing)如牛(niu)(niu)鞭。還有地下溶洞的(de)巖景雄(xiong)(xiong)偉壯觀，擬人(ren)擬物，形(xing)態逼(bi)真，天工巧奪，鬼(gui)斧神(shen)工令人(ren)稱(cheng)奇。

水文景觀

八(ba)大(da)公(gong)山(shan)自(zi)然保護區是(shi)澧水、婁水和以及(ji)湖(hu)北(bei)清江水系的(de)發源地(di)(di)，區內溪(xi)溝縱橫，有大(da)小溪(xi)溝352條，多(duo)樣的(de)地(di)(di)形(xing)地(di)(di)貌使區內水域景(jing)觀(guan)豐富多(duo)姿。瀑(pu)(pu)布(bu)是(shi)八(ba)大(da)公(gong)山(shan)一道亮麗的(de)風景(jing)線(xian)，情人瀑(pu)(pu)、彩虹瀑(pu)(pu)、烏龍瀑(pu)(pu)等(deng)521個瀑(pu)(pu)布(bu)點(dian)綴在萬(wan)綠叢中，使八(ba)大(da)公(gong)山(shan)迷人的(de)景(jing)色更是(shi)增輝添彩。

八大公山保護區(qu)人文旅(lv)游資源，主要分布在土家(jia)(jia)族(zu)、白族(zu)、苗族(zu)、回(hui)族(zu)、壯族(zu)等(deng)少數(shu)民(min)(min)族(zu)聚居區(qu)內。此區(qu)域內的(de)各民(min)(min)族(zu)原住民(min)(min)和睦相處，耕耘勞作，在長期(qi)的(de)生(sheng)息繁(fan)衍中形(xing)成(cheng)了各自獨(du)具(ju)特(te)色(se)的(de)生(sheng)活方式和民(min)(min)族(zu)風(feng)情，至今還保留(liu)了一(yi)部分傳統文化和民(min)(min)族(zu)風(feng)情，如哭嫁、跳喪舞、擺手舞、對山歌、三棒鼓、月辦節、打溜子、九節鞭，還有以吊腳樓(lou)為典(dian)型代(dai)表(biao)的(de)民(min)(min)族(zu)建筑，這些足(zu)以構(gou)成(cheng)一(yi)部嶄(zhan)新的(de)民(min)(min)族(zu)風(feng)情寶典(dian)。大革命(ming)(ming)時期(qi)，這里曾是老一(yi)輩無產階級(ji)革命(ming)(ming)家(jia)(jia)賀龍(long)、肖(xiao)克、王震(zhen)、廖(liao)漢生(sheng)、賀錦齋(zhai)等(deng)革命(ming)(ming)先輩浴血(xue)奮戰的(de)地(di)(di)方。賀龍(long)元(yuan)帥兩把菜刀鬧革命(ming)(ming)，毛埡城(cheng)堡，江西坎剿匪等(deng)紀念地(di)(di)舊址尚存。

地位價值

八大公(gong)(gong)山保(bao)(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu)被國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內外專家(jia)學(xue)者譽為(wei)“天然(ran)(ran)博物(wu)(wu)(wu)館”和“物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基(ji)(ji)因(yin)庫”，是目(mu)(mu)前亞熱帶地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)存完整、面(mian)積大常綠落葉闊葉混交林原生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)性(xing)林區(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)一。區(qu)(qu)內有(you)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)153種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)一、二級(ji)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護植物(wu)(wu)(wu)珙桐(tong)、鐘萼木等(deng)23種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，有(you)特(te)有(you)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)10種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)30科，朱蘭、石蔸蘭等(deng)45種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)被列入《瀕(bin)危野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際貿易公(gong)(gong)約》，是桑植椴、桑植大節竹(zhu)等(deng)7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)新種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)模式標(biao)本產地(di)(di)；有(you)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)一、二級(ji)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)云豹、黑熊等(deng)40余種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，有(you)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)特(te)有(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)尾突角蟾、桑植角蟾、桑植蛙、華西雨(yu)蛙武陵亞種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)12種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。八大公(gong)(gong)山保(bao)(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu)1993年被納入“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)與生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)圈網絡”；被《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)多(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護行(xing)動(dong)(dong)(dong)計劃(hua)》列為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)多(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)優先保(bao)(bao)(bao)護生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態系統名錄；由(you)聯合國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)環境(jing)規(gui)劃(hua)署資助完成的(de)(de)《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)多(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)情研(yan)究報告》將其(qi)(qi)列為(wei)我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)具(ju)有(you)全球意義的(de)(de)17個(ge)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)多(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)關鍵地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)一；被世界自然(ran)(ran)基(ji)(ji)金(jin)會列為(wei)全球200個(ge)重(zhong)要生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)一；在《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)多(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)現狀及其(qi)(qi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護對(dui)策》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)列為(wei)“具(ju)有(you)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際意義的(de)(de)陸地(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)多(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)關鍵地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)”；是國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)級(ji)科技(ji)(ji)攻關課題“我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)亞熱帶森(sen)林生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態系統生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)多(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護技(ji)(ji)術研(yan)究”基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)；還(huan)是芬(fen)蘭赫爾辛基(ji)(ji)大學(xue)的(de)(de)教(jiao)學(xue)實習基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)和全球環境(jing)基(ji)(ji)金(jin)贈(zeng)款實施的(de)(de)“林業持續(xu)發展項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)”區(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)一。

1986年經國務院批(pi)準(zhun)為我(wo)國首批(pi)“國家級自然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)”，也是湖南省第一(yi)個、張(zhang)家界市一(yi)個國家級自然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)。保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)的建(jian)立，對研(yan)究亞(ya)熱(re)帶森(sen)林(lin)發生發展規(gui)律和保(bao)護(hu)珍稀瀕危動植物具重要的科學價(jia)值。