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歷史沿革

1982年，經湖(hu)南省人民政府(fu)批準建立(li)八大(da)公山自然保(bao)護區。

1986年，經國(guo)務(wu)院批(pi)準為中國(guo)首批(pi)“國(guo)家級自然保護區”。

1990年，經(jing)張家界市人民政府批準成立“湖(hu)南八大公山國家級自(zi)然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理處”。下(xia)設一室四科六站(zhan)兩所，即辦公室、財務科、資源保(bao)護(hu)科、公安消防科、社(she)區(qu)共(gong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)科、杉木界管(guan)(guan)(guan)理站(zhan)、斗篷山管(guan)(guan)(guan)理站(zhan)、天平山管(guan)(guan)(guan)理站(zhan)、楠木坪檢(jian)查站(zhan)、病蟲害防治(zhi)檢(jian)疫站(zhan)、天平山原始森林(lin)接待(dai)站(zhan)、科研(yan)所和派出(chu)所。

地理環境

位置

八大公山(shan)國(guo)家級自然保護區位于湖南省桑植(zhi)縣的北部(bu)邊(bian)陲，地(di)處云貴高原古(gu)陸塊東北邊(bian)緣(yuan)的武陵山(shan)脈的北端(duan)，地(di)理坐(zuo)標為東經109°41'45"-110°09'50"，北緯29°39 '18"—29°49'48"。

土壤

保(bao)護(hu)區露(lu)出地(di)(di)層主要為古生代的(de)(de)寒武紀(ji)、志留紀(ji)、泥盆紀(ji)和(he)(he)二迭紀(ji)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)層，基巖(yan)主要為石灰(hui)(hui)(hui)巖(yan)、板(ban)巖(yan)和(he)(he)頁(ye)巖(yan)。土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤類(lei)型主要有山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)黃(huang)棕(zong)壤、石灰(hui)(hui)(hui)土(tu)(tu)(tu)和(he)(he)山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)沼澤土(tu)(tu)(tu)。其中山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)黃(huang)棕(zong)壤成土(tu)(tu)(tu)母(mu)巖(yan)主要是(shi)板(ban)頁(ye)巖(yan)、細砂巖(yan)、粉(fen)砂巖(yan)；石灰(hui)(hui)(hui)土(tu)(tu)(tu)成土(tu)(tu)(tu)母(mu)巖(yan)主要是(shi)深灰(hui)(hui)(hui)色(se)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)巖(yan)、泥質(zhi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)巖(yan)、豹皮(pi)狀和(he)(he)泥質(zhi)條(tiao)帶灰(hui)(hui)(hui)巖(yan)、瘤狀灰(hui)(hui)(hui)巖(yan)、白云質(zhi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)巖(yan)等(deng)。海拔1000米以上為山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)黃(huang)棕(zong)壤，是(shi)自(zi)然保(bao)護(hu)區分布面積廣(guang)泛的(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤類(lei)型。海拔1000米以下為山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)黃(huang)壤，土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤深厚(hou)、肥沃(wo)，但(dan)缺(que)磷，呈酸性(xing)，pH值5～6之間。

氣候

保護區屬于亞(ya)熱帶山(shan)地濕(shi)潤季風氣(qi)(qi)候。年平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)為(wei)攝(she)氏(shi)11.5℃；最(zui)冷(leng)月(yue)（1月(yue)）平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)攝(she)氏(shi)0.1℃, 最(zui)熱月(yue)（7月(yue)）平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)為(wei)攝(she)氏(shi)22.8℃，極端最(zui)低(di)溫(wen)度在攝(she)氏(shi)-10℃～-15℃。無霜期190天(tian)左(zuo)右(you)；全年積溫(wen)攝(she)氏(shi)3621.6℃。其積溫(wen)、最(zui)冷(leng)月(yue)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)和極端最(zui)低(di)溫(wen)等氣(qi)(qi)象因子具有北(bei)亞(ya)熱帶向暖溫(wen)帶過渡(du)的氣(qi)(qi)候特(te)色。

年(nian)平(ping)均降水量(liang)(liang)為2105.4毫(hao)米(mi)，最高(gao)達2840.1毫(hao)米(mi)，雨日176天，海(hai)拔每升高(gao)100米(mi)，平(ping)均增加水量(liang)(liang)79.3毫(hao)米(mi)。是湖南三大暴雨中心之(zhi)一，年(nian)蒸(zheng)發量(liang)(liang)400毫(hao)米(mi)左右，為年(nian)降水量(liang)(liang)的20%，按(an)技術規程計算，全(quan)年(nian)流出的水量(liang)(liang)約4.5億立方米(mi)。全(quan)年(nian)相對濕度在90%以上，屬于濕潤地區(qu)。全(quan)年(nian)霧日數(shu)達145天，年(nian)輻射(she)量(liang)(liang)較(jiao)低。

地形

八大公山西(xi)北有(you)鄂西(xi)山地(di)，再(zai)往北有(you)秦巴山地(di)層迭屏障，西(xi)南(nan)為(wei)黔東(dong)高原(yuan)，東(dong)南(nan)有(you)武(wu)陵、雪峰(feng)山地(di)相(xiang)間突起(qi)，東(dong)端則向洞庭湖(hu)區逐漸降低，處于(yu)一(yi)個半輻合狀的(de)群山之間。偏南(nan)濕潤(run)空氣(qi)易進入滯(zhi)留，凝云致雨(yu)的(de)機會較多(duo)，使區內動植物在生境上具有(you)得天獨厚(hou)的(de)條件(jian)和優越的(de)地(di)理背景(jing)。

面積范圍

八大公山(shan)(shan)國家級自然保護區東西長45千(qian)米，南(nan)北(bei)寬16千(qian)米。東與桑植縣的龍潭(tan)坪鎮接壤，南(nan)與芭(ba)茅溪鄉、五道水鎮、八大公山(shan)(shan)鄉毗鄰(lin)，西與湖(hu)南(nan)省(sheng)龍山(shan)(shan)縣相連(lian)，北(bei)與湖(hu)北(bei)省(sheng)宣恩、來鳳、鶴峰毗鄰(lin)。總面積2萬(wan)公頃。

保護對象

八(ba)大公(gong)山國(guo)家級自然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)屬于森(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)類(lei)型(xing)自然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)，是以保(bao)(bao)護(hu)亞(ya)(ya)熱帶常綠落(luo)葉闊葉林(lin)(lin)和野生(sheng)(sheng)動物(wu)為主的森(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系統類(lei)型(xing)自然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)  八(ba)大公(gong)山保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)管(guan)轄的重點(dian)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)公(gong)益林(lin)(lin)有(you)23468公(gong)頃，分天平山、杉木界、斗(dou)篷山三(san)大林(lin)(lin)區(qu)，木材(cai)蓄積(ji)量為110萬立方米(mi)，森(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)覆蓋率達93.4%，是亞(ya)(ya)熱帶地(di)區(qu)保(bao)(bao)存(cun)完整、面積(ji)大的天然常綠闊葉林(lin)(lin)，并具(ju)有(you)獨(du)特(te)的亞(ya)(ya)熱帶山地(di)森(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系統特(te)點(dian)。

植物

八大(da)公山國家級(ji)自然保護(hu)區區內植(zhi)物種(zhong)類豐富(fu)，據(ju)調查統計，有(you)高等(deng)(deng)植(zhi)物216科2408種(zhong)。其中，屬國家Ⅰ級(ji)保護(hu)野生植(zhi)物有(you)珙桐(tong)、光葉(xie)珙桐(tong)、南方紅豆杉、紅豆杉、鐘萼木(mu)、銀杏等(deng)(deng)6種(zhong)；屬國家Ⅱ級(ji)保護(hu)植(zhi)物29種(zhong)；瀕危植(zhi)物2種(zhong)；漸(jian)危植(zhi)物21種(zhong)；稀有(you)植(zhi)物16種(zhong)；模式標(biao)本產地(di)物種(zhong)5種(zhong)。上述屬科植(zhi)物中，有(you)藥(yao)用植(zhi)物1000余種(zhong)，其中，有(you)被譽(yu)為“四大(da)藥(yao)王”的烏金(jin)(jin)七(qi)、金(jin)(jin)盤七(qi)，還(huan)有(you)竹節人參、天麻(ma)、黃蓮、七(qi)葉(xie)一(yi)枝花等(deng)(deng)一(yi)大(da)批珍貴藥(yao)材。還(huan)是桑(sang)植(zhi)椴、桑(sang)植(zhi)吊石(shi)巨苔、桑(sang)植(zhi)大(da)節竹、修葉(xie)啼蓋蕨、邊生鱗(lin)毛(mao)蕨等(deng)(deng)5種(zhong)植(zhi)物新種(zhong)的模式標(biao)本產地(di)。

八大(da)公山(shan)屬(shu)于(yu)泛北(bei)極(ji)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物區，中國—日(ri)本森林(lin)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物亞區的(de)(de)華(hua)中區。植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被組成以熱(re)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)亞洲植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物區系(xi)、北(bei)溫帶(dai)(dai)(dai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物區系(xi)、東(dong)南亞植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物區系(xi)，以及東(dong)亞——北(bei)美植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物區系(xi)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)成分。植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被不僅具有(you)北(bei)亞熱(re)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)典型(xing)(xing)特(te)點(dian)，而且，還明顯(xian)反映出亞熱(re)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)向暖溫帶(dai)(dai)(dai)過(guo)渡的(de)(de)特(te)征。是東(dong)亞兩大(da)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被區系(xi)重要(yao)交匯區域(yu)，具有(you)極(ji)為(wei)重要(yao)的(de)(de)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物地(di)(di)(di)理(li)學(xue)研究(jiu)價值。分布(bu)(bu)有(you)中國種子植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物屬(shu)15個(ge)(ge)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)分布(bu)(bu)類型(xing)(xing)中的(de)(de)14個(ge)(ge)，含5個(ge)(ge)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被型(xing)(xing)組、9個(ge)(ge)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被型(xing)(xing)、13個(ge)(ge)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被亞型(xing)(xing)、19個(ge)(ge)群系(xi)組，26個(ge)(ge)群系(xi)、36個(ge)(ge)群叢 。由于(yu)地(di)(di)(di)形復雜 ，山(shan)勢(shi)高差(cha)大(da)，生態環境(jing)在空間形成多(duo)個(ge)(ge)梯(ti)度(du)，植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被具有(you)明顯(xian)的(de)(de)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物分布(bu)(bu)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)。通(tong)過(guo)30塊標準地(di)(di)(di)27325平(ping)方米(mi)樣(yang)(yang)地(di)(di)(di)調查結果表(biao)明：基帶(dai)(dai)(dai)典型(xing)(xing)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被屬(shu)于(yu)中亞熱(re)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)常(chang)(chang)綠(lv)闊葉(xie)林(lin)；海(hai)拔(ba)1000米(mi)以上則為(wei)常(chang)(chang)綠(lv)、落葉(xie)闊葉(xie)混交林(lin)；山(shan)脊部為(wei)山(shan)頂矮(ai)(ai)林(lin)、喬木樹種普(pu)遍矮(ai)(ai)化。據樣(yang)(yang)地(di)(di)(di)調查，其主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)類型(xing)(xing)有(you)：以鐵杉屬(shu)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)針(zhen)闊葉(xie)混交林(lin)（海(hai)拔(ba)1500米(mi)左(zuo)右）；以原生型(xing)(xing)杉木林(lin)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)暖性針(zhen)葉(xie)林(lin)（海(hai)拔(ba)1220米(mi)）；以亮葉(xie)水青(qing)岡林(lin)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)落葉(xie)闊葉(xie)林(lin)（海(hai)拔(ba)1400-1890米(mi)）；常(chang)(chang)綠(lv)、落葉(xie)闊葉(xie)林(lin)(海(hai)拔(ba)1000-1400米(mi)左(zuo)右)如：地(di)(di)(di)錦槭（多(duo)脈青(qing)岡是這個(ge)(ge)地(di)(di)(di)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)頂極(ji)群落的(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)群種）；常(chang)(chang)綠(lv)闊葉(xie)林(lin)（1000米(mi)以下）。

動物

八(ba)大公山國家(jia)級自然保護區(qu)有陸地脊椎動(dong)物21目(mu)64科237種(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)中獸類(lei)8目(mu)20科45種(zhong)(zhong)、鳥(niao)類(lei)9目(mu)27科135種(zhong)(zhong)（留(liu)鳥(niao)97種(zhong)(zhong)、夏候鳥(niao)20種(zhong)(zhong)、冬候鳥(niao)18種(zhong)(zhong)）、爬行(xing)類(lei)2目(mu)10科39種(zhong)(zhong)（毒(du)蛇3種(zhong)(zhong)）、兩棲類(lei)2目(mu)7科18種(zhong)(zhong)；有昆(kun)(kun)蟲22目(mu)177科4175種(zhong)(zhong)（其(qi)中新種(zhong)(zhong)34個、天敵昆(kun)(kun)蟲12目(mu)58科411種(zhong)(zhong)）。

區內(nei)有(you)(you)(you)國家(jia)重(zhong)點保(bao)護(hu)(hu)和珍(zhen)貴瀕危(wei)動(dong)物15目28科86種(zhong)，屬國家(jia)一(yi)級(ji)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)的(de)有(you)(you)(you)金(jin)錢(qian)豹(bao)、云豹(bao)、林麝(she)、白冠長尾(wei)雉、金(jin)雕等5種(zhong)，二級(ji)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)的(de)有(you)(you)(you)獼猴、毛冠鹿、蘇門羚(ling)、水鹿、大鯢、紅腹角雉等51種(zhong)，省(sheng)重(zhong)點保(bao)護(hu)(hu)的(de)20種(zhong)、八大公(gong)山(shan)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區特(te)有(you)(you)(you)種(zhong)12種(zhong)。1991年(nian)聯合國野生動(dong)物基金(jin)會(hui)專(zhuan)家(jia)從糞便、足(zu)跡(ji)上判斷，認定保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區內(nei)有(you)(you)(you)華南虎(hu)。

管理措施

1990年，自(zi)然保護(hu)區(qu)管(guan)理(li)處成立后(hou)，不(bu)僅物(wu)種種群穩定(ding)，自(zi)然演替和(he)更(geng)新(xin)狀態良好，且(qie)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多樣性程(cheng)度明顯提高。這充分(fen)說明了(le)建立保護(hu)區(qu)并(bing)開展保護(hu)管(guan)理(li)之后(hou)，實現(xian)了(le)由“荒(huang)山到(dao)植被恢復”和(he)“不(bu)穩定(ding)生(sheng)(sheng)境類(lei)型”向“穩定(ding)性生(sheng)(sheng)境類(lei)型”轉變的(de)過程(cheng)，從(cong)而提高了(le)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)物(wu)種生(sheng)(sheng)境質量，維持了(le)整個森(sen)林生(sheng)(sheng)態系(xi)統的(de)良性循(xun)環。

基礎設施

管(guan)理處成立以來，先后實施(shi)了八大公山(shan)自然保(bao)護區(qu)一(yi)、二期(qi)基本建設(she)工程。共完成固(gu)定資產投資1046萬元，修(xiu)建3個管(guan)理站，1棟(dong)辦公樓和1棟(dong)接待站，房屋建筑(zhu)面積達6700㎡；架設(she)輸電線路60公里(li)(li)(li)；修(xiu)筑(zhu)林區(qu)公路50公里(li)(li)(li)；購置車輛、對講機(ji)、滅火(huo)(huo)器具(ju)等巡護和防火(huo)(huo)設(she)備；修(xiu)建防火(huo)(huo)線路80公里(li)(li)(li)，護林便(bian)道(dao)85公里(li)(li)(li)；改造低壓線路56公里(li)(li)(li)；修(xiu)建防火(huo)(huo)了望臺4座；埋設(she)保(bao)護區(qu)界樁、界牌187個。

基礎科研

八大公山自然保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)管理處成立以(yi)來，物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)名錄(lu)所記(ji)載的物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)比1981年調(diao)查時增(zeng)(zeng)加了2320種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其中(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)593種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),脊椎動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)166種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，昆(kun)蟲668種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，蕨類(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)507種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、真(zhen)(zhen)菌(jun)386種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。在物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)名錄(lu)更新(xin)方面，植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)新(xin)增(zeng)(zeng)加湖南(nan)新(xin)記(ji)錄(lu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)59種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；昆(kun)蟲發(fa)現新(xin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)62種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，發(fa)現新(xin)屬1，新(xin)增(zeng)(zeng)中(zhong)國新(xin)記(ji)錄(lu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)33種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，真(zhen)(zhen)菌(jun)新(xin)增(zeng)(zeng)湖南(nan)省新(xin)記(ji)錄(lu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)38種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。已基本弄清(qing)了八大公山國家(jia)自然保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)國家(jia)重點(dian)保護(hu)(hu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共有153種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。其中(zhong)國家(jia)重點(dian)保護(hu)(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)99種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，國家(jia)重點(dian)保護(hu)(hu)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)54種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。國家(jia)一級(ji)保護(hu)(hu)動(dong)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)分別為5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。

項目建設

實(shi)(shi)(shi)施林(lin)(lin)業持續發展(zhan)、公益(yi)林(lin)(lin)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)、標本制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)等項目。林(lin)(lin)業持續項目不(bu)僅為自然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)提供(gong)了(le)大量資金支援，還(huan)在培(pei)養專(zhuan)業人才、提高(gao)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)管理(li)能力和改善社區(qu)(qu)(qu)關系方面產生了(le)積極影響，對(dui)加速保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)建設進程有著十(shi)分重要的(de)(de)現實(shi)(shi)(shi)和歷史意義。公益(yi)林(lin)(lin)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)項目實(shi)(shi)(shi)施后，林(lin)(lin)區(qu)(qu)(qu)林(lin)(lin)農(nong)收入得(de)到增加，森林(lin)(lin)得(de)到有效保(bao)(bao)護(hu)，生態(tai)環境明顯(xian)改善。標本制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)項目的(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)施，進一(yi)步提高(gao)我區(qu)(qu)(qu)標本制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)水(shui)平和科研能力，為我區(qu)(qu)(qu)今后科研監測工作(zuo)奠定了(le)堅實(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)基礎。

宣傳教育

建區(qu)(qu)之初，保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu)邊界糾紛不斷，亂(luan)采濫挖，亂(luan)捕濫獵，亂(luan)砍濫伐現象(xiang)十分嚴重。管理(li)處借(jie)助林業持(chi)續(xu)發(fa)展，大力開展社(she)區(qu)(qu)項(xiang)目(mu)活動，使周邊社(she)區(qu)(qu)的(de)居民(min)在獲取一定利(li)益的(de)同(tong)時，接受到了生物(wu)多樣性(xing)保(bao)(bao)護知(zhi)(zhi)識的(de)教育。通過廣(guang)泛宣傳，還得(de)到了縣委縣政(zheng)府對保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu)建設工作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)極大支持(chi)和重視。2007年(nian)，建立了保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu)網站，為擴大知(zhi)(zhi)名度，宣傳保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu)發(fa)揮(hui)了重要作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)。

開發利用

地貌景觀

八大峰高(gao)(gao)聳(song)，層(ceng)巒疊嶂(zhang)，幽(you)谷深澈(che)，海(hai)拔(ba)千米(mi)以上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)峰多(duo)達351座(zuo)，最高(gao)(gao)海(hai)拔(ba)1890.4米(mi)，最低海(hai)拔(ba)395米(mi)，相(xiang)對高(gao)(gao)差之大，足見山(shan)(shan)體之雄偉。從山(shan)(shan)腳(jiao)向上(shang)眺望，一座(zuo)座(zuo)山(shan)(shan)峰高(gao)(gao)聳(song)云端，參差迭宕，如(ru)(ru)(ru)黛似煙。漫步林中(zhong)，鬼(gui)斧(fu)神鑿(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“一線天”和“獅(shi)子巖(yan)”、造型逼真(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“棋(qi)盤巖(yan)”等(deng)叫(jiao)人(ren)凝神駐足，流連忘返。區內群山(shan)(shan)起(qi)伏，奇峰突起(qi)，40多(duo)條山(shan)(shan)脈(mo)縱橫(heng)交錯(cuo)，599座(zuo)山(shan)(shan)峰星羅棋(qi)布(bu)，山(shan)(shan)體切(qie)割強(qiang)烈，神奇的(de)(de)(de)(de)造山(shan)(shan)運(yun)動使有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)頭尖如(ru)(ru)(ru)利刃，有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)如(ru)(ru)(ru)牛角，有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)直如(ru)(ru)(ru)筆桿，有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)形如(ru)(ru)(ru)牛鞭(bian)。還(huan)有(you)(you)地(di)下溶洞的(de)(de)(de)(de)巖(yan)景雄偉壯觀(guan)，擬人(ren)擬物，形態逼真(zhen)，天工巧奪，鬼(gui)斧(fu)神工令(ling)人(ren)稱奇。

水文景觀

八(ba)大公(gong)山自然保(bao)護區是澧水(shui)(shui)、婁水(shui)(shui)和以及湖北(bei)清江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)系的(de)發源地(di)，區內(nei)溪溝縱橫，有大小溪溝352條，多(duo)樣的(de)地(di)形地(di)貌使區內(nei)水(shui)(shui)域景(jing)觀豐富多(duo)姿。瀑布(bu)是八(ba)大公(gong)山一道亮麗的(de)風景(jing)線，情人瀑、彩虹瀑、烏龍瀑等521個(ge)瀑布(bu)點綴在萬(wan)綠叢中，使八(ba)大公(gong)山迷人的(de)景(jing)色(se)更是增輝添彩。

八大公山保護區(qu)人(ren)文旅(lv)游(you)資源，主要(yao)分(fen)布在土(tu)家族(zu)、白族(zu)、苗(miao)族(zu)、回族(zu)、壯族(zu)等少(shao)數民(min)(min)(min)族(zu)聚(ju)居(ju)區(qu)內。此(ci)區(qu)域內的(de)(de)各民(min)(min)(min)族(zu)原住民(min)(min)(min)和睦相處，耕耘勞作，在長期的(de)(de)生息(xi)繁衍中形成了各自獨具(ju)特色的(de)(de)生活(huo)方式和民(min)(min)(min)族(zu)風情，至今還保留了一部分(fen)傳統文化和民(min)(min)(min)族(zu)風情，如哭嫁、跳(tiao)喪舞、擺手舞、對山歌、三(san)棒(bang)鼓、月辦(ban)節、打溜子、九(jiu)節鞭，還有以(yi)吊腳(jiao)樓為典型(xing)代(dai)表(biao)的(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)族(zu)建筑，這些(xie)足以(yi)構成一部嶄新的(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)族(zu)風情寶(bao)典。大革(ge)(ge)命時期，這里曾(ceng)是老一輩(bei)無產階級革(ge)(ge)命家賀龍、肖克、王(wang)震、廖漢生、賀錦齋等革(ge)(ge)命先輩(bei)浴血奮戰的(de)(de)地(di)方。賀龍元帥兩把菜刀鬧革(ge)(ge)命，毛埡城堡，江西坎剿匪等紀念(nian)地(di)舊(jiu)址(zhi)尚存。

地位價值

八(ba)大公(gong)山保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)被國(guo)內(nei)外(wai)專家(jia)學者譽為(wei)“天(tian)然(ran)博物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)館”和“物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)基因(yin)庫(ku)”，是目前亞熱帶地(di)區(qu)(qu)保(bao)存完整、面積(ji)大常綠(lv)落(luo)葉闊葉混(hun)交林(lin)原生(sheng)性(xing)(xing)(xing)林(lin)區(qu)(qu)之(zhi)一。區(qu)(qu)內(nei)有(you)(you)(you)國(guo)家(jia)保(bao)護物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)153種(zhong)(zhong)，其中(zhong)國(guo)家(jia)一、二(er)級(ji)保(bao)護植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)珙桐、鐘萼木等(deng)23種(zhong)(zhong)，有(you)(you)(you)特有(you)(you)(you)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)10種(zhong)(zhong)30科，朱(zhu)蘭、石蔸蘭等(deng)45種(zhong)(zhong)被列(lie)入(ru)《瀕危野生(sheng)動植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)際貿易公(gong)約》，是桑(sang)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)椴(duan)、桑(sang)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大節(jie)竹等(deng)7種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)新種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)模式(shi)標本產地(di)；有(you)(you)(you)國(guo)家(jia)一、二(er)級(ji)保(bao)護動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)云豹、黑熊等(deng)40余種(zhong)(zhong)，有(you)(you)(you)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)特有(you)(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)尾突角(jiao)蟾、桑(sang)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)角(jiao)蟾、桑(sang)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蛙、華西雨蛙武陵亞種(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)12種(zhong)(zhong)。八(ba)大公(gong)山保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)1993年被納入(ru)“中(zhong)國(guo)人與生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)圈網絡”；被《中(zhong)國(guo)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)多(duo)(duo)樣(yang)(yang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)保(bao)護行動計劃(hua)》列(lie)為(wei)中(zhong)國(guo)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)多(duo)(duo)樣(yang)(yang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)優先保(bao)護生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系(xi)統名(ming)錄；由聯合國(guo)環境規劃(hua)署資助(zhu)完成的(de)《中(zhong)國(guo)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)多(duo)(duo)樣(yang)(yang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)國(guo)情研究報告》將其列(lie)為(wei)我國(guo)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)全球(qiu)意(yi)義(yi)(yi)的(de)17個生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)多(duo)(duo)樣(yang)(yang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)關(guan)(guan)鍵地(di)區(qu)(qu)之(zhi)一；被世界自然(ran)基金(jin)(jin)會(hui)列(lie)為(wei)全球(qiu)200個重(zhong)要(yao)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)地(di)區(qu)(qu)之(zhi)一；在《中(zhong)國(guo)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)多(duo)(duo)樣(yang)(yang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)現狀及其保(bao)護對策》中(zhong)列(lie)為(wei)“具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)國(guo)際意(yi)義(yi)(yi)的(de)陸地(di)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)多(duo)(duo)樣(yang)(yang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)關(guan)(guan)鍵地(di)區(qu)(qu)”；是國(guo)家(jia)級(ji)科技(ji)攻關(guan)(guan)課題“我國(guo)亞熱帶森(sen)林(lin)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系(xi)統生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)多(duo)(duo)樣(yang)(yang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)保(bao)護技(ji)術研究”基地(di)；還是芬蘭赫(he)爾辛基大學的(de)教學實習基地(di)和全球(qiu)環境基金(jin)(jin)贈(zeng)款實施(shi)的(de)“林(lin)業(ye)持續發(fa)展(zhan)項(xiang)目”區(qu)(qu)之(zhi)一。

1986年經(jing)國務院批準為我國首(shou)批“國家級(ji)(ji)自(zi)然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區”，也是湖南省(sheng)第一個、張(zhang)家界市一個國家級(ji)(ji)自(zi)然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區。保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區的建立，對研(yan)究亞熱帶(dai)森林發(fa)生發(fa)展規律和(he)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)珍稀瀕危動植(zhi)物具重要的科學價值。