長陽(yang)(yang)崩(beng)尖(jian)子省(sheng)級自(zi)(zi)然保護區位(wei)于(yu)湖(hu)北省(sheng)長陽(yang)(yang)土家族自(zi)(zi)治縣都(dou)鎮灣鎮,地(di)處武陵山脈東段北部(bu)余脈,總面積13313公(gong)頃。該保護區是森林生態系(xi)統(tong)類型保護區,主要保護對象為(wei)中亞熱(re)帶森林生態系(xi)統(tong)及(ji)生物多樣性、國家珍稀瀕危野生動植物資(zi)源及(ji)其棲息地(di)。
崩(beng)(beng)尖子(zi)海拔2259.1米,是(shi)長陽第一高峰。崩(beng)(beng)尖子(zi)林(lin)區的森林(lin)植被(bei)保存完好,為原(yuan)始(shi)次生林(lin),野(ye)生動(dong)植物(wu)資(zi)源賦(fu)存極為豐(feng)富。野(ye)生動(dong)物(wu)有19目28科350多種,其中國家一、二級保護動(dong)物(wu)有9種;野(ye)生植物(wu)有67科159屬312種,其中珍稀瀕危植物(wu)28種。
長陽(yang)縣(xian)地勢由(you)西北向(xiang)東南(nan)傾斜,東低(di)西高(gao),境內山(shan)(shan)脈(mo)分(fen)南(nan)北二支(zhi)(zhi),北支(zhi)(zhi)為巫山(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)脈(mo),自西向(xiang)東,蜿蜒于清江兩岸,南(nan)支(zhi)(zhi)屬(shu)武陵山(shan)(shan)脈(mo),南(nan)支(zhi)(zhi)高(gao)處為四方(fang)臺黃(huang)柏山(shan)(shan)一帶,其(qi)主(zhu)峰就(jiu)是崩(beng)尖子(又名剪刀山(shan)(shan)),最高(gao)處海拔2259.1m,也是全縣(xian)的高(gao)點(dian)。崩(beng)尖子保(bao)護區海拔高(gao)度(du)在(zai)200~2259.1m之間(jian)。保(bao)護區地處中緯度(du),屬(shu)中亞熱(re)帶濕(shi)潤(run)季風氣候,光照充(chong)足,雨量充(chong)足,且雨熱(re)同季。平(ping)(ping)均(jun)溫13℃~16℃,海拔在(zai)1800m以上地區,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)溫在(zai)8℃以下(xia)。年均(jun)降水量1300mm~1460 mm,相(xiang)對(dui)濕(shi)度(du)為77%。無霜期為150~180 d。土壤(rang)有黃(huang)壤(rang)、石(shi)灰土暗黃(huang)棕壤(rang)和棕壤(rang)土,其(qi)中棕壤(rang)土主(zhu)要分(fen)布在(zai)海拔1800m以上地段(duan)。
保(bao)護(hu)區正位于(yu)中(zhong)亞熱帶(dai)與北(bei)亞熱帶(dai)的(de)分(fen)界線上,動(dong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)區系(xi)具有(you)(you)明顯的(de)過渡(du)性質。由(you)于(yu)受海侵和(he)第三(san)(san)紀(ji)冰(bing)川的(de)影(ying)響較小(xiao),該區還(huan)保(bao)留(liu)了(le)大量的(de)孑(jie)遺成分(fen)和(he)珍稀(xi)瀕危植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu),極(ji)具保(bao)護(hu)價值。據(ju)初(chu)步統計,崩(beng)尖(jian)子(zi)自然保(bao)護(hu)區共有(you)(you)維(wei)管束植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)189科(ke)(ke)739屬1588種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其(qi)中(zhong)蕨類植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)33科(ke)(ke)73屬165種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)156科(ke)(ke)666屬1423種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(裸(luo)子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)6科(ke)(ke)15屬23種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),被(bei)子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)150科(ke)(ke)651屬1400種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)),獸類8目23科(ke)(ke)58種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。內地形特(te)異,森林(lin)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)豐富多彩,以(yi)落葉闊葉林(lin)為主要群落,主要分(fen)布(bu)著珙(gong)桐(tong)(tong)、香(xiang)(xiang)果樹(shu)(shu)(shu)、銀(yin)鵲等珍稀(xi)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),與它(ta)們混生的(de)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)白(bai)辛(xin)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)、天師(shi)栗(li)、華榛(zhen)、繡毛稠李、楓香(xiang)(xiang)、香(xiang)(xiang)椿、連香(xiang)(xiang)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)、水青(qing)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)、領春木(mu)、金(jin)錢槭、木(mu)荷、青(qing)椆,馬(ma)尾松、泡花樹(shu)(shu)(shu)、山(shan)楠(nan)、莢蒾(mi)、華西箭(jian)竹等。珙(gong)桐(tong)(tong),又(you)稱“中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)鴿子(zi)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)”,它(ta)是第三(san)(san)紀(ji)遺留(liu)下(xia)來(lai)的(de)世界著名稀(xi)有(you)(you)珍貴孑(jie)遺植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu),具有(you)(you)極(ji)大的(de)研究和(he)保(bao)護(hu)價值,為我國(guo)(guo)(guo)所特(te)有(you)(you),現被(bei)列為國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)一級(ji)保(bao)護(hu)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。崩(beng)尖(jian)子(zi)有(you)(you)珙(gong)桐(tong)(tong)群落,群落中(zhong)有(you)(you)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)高2lm、胸徑45cm的(de)大樹(shu)(shu)(shu)。香(xiang)(xiang)果樹(shu)(shu)(shu)為我國(guo)(guo)(guo)單(dan)屬種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)珍稀(xi)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),是國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)二級(ji)保(bao)護(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu),和(he)珙(gong)桐(tong)(tong)一樣(yang),生長在山(shan)坡或山(shan)谷(gu)溝槽(cao),喜深厚濕潤肥沃土(tu)壤,在崩(beng)尖(jian)子(zi)林(lin)區等處皆(jie)有(you)(you)零星(xing)原生大樹(shu)(shu)(shu)。尚未(wei)進行資源清查,但據(ju)初(chu)步考察,分(fen)布(bu)有(you)(you)珙(gong)桐(tong)(tong)、南(nan)方(fang)紅豆杉、香(xiang)(xiang)果樹(shu)(shu)(shu)、連香(xiang)(xiang)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)、水青(qing)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)等國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)重點保(bao)護(hu)野(ye)生植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)
豹、云豹、林麝、大靈(ling)貓、小(xiao)靈(ling)貓、金貓、水獺、黑熊(xiong)、豺、穿(chuan)山甲、紅腹(fu)錦(jin)雞、勺雞、紅腹(fu)角雉等國家重點保護野(ye)生(sheng)動物(wu)。
從宜昌城區(qu)走高(gao)速(su)到長(chang)陽縣城,經長(chang)磨公(gong)路、南線公(gong)路、松都(dou)公(gong)路到都(dou)鎮灣(wan)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)溪(都(dou)鎮灣(wan)集鎮),然后走莊(zhuang)(zhuang)麻(ma)公(gong)路(莊(zhuang)(zhuang)溪到麻(ma)池(chi))到達麻(ma)池(chi),再(zai)由麻(ma)池(chi)前往響石(shi)村即可。
目前湖北(bei)長陽有崩尖子、二墩巖、清江庫區濕地和將軍(jun)坳中國小鯢自然保護區。
崩尖子自然保護區位于長陽都鎮(zhen)灣鎮(zhen)、資丘鎮(zhen)與五峰(feng)縣交界處,過去(qu)屬于三不管地帶。
1980年9月,省、地(di)、縣森林(lin)(lin)植(zhi)物(wu)考察組(zu)發現該(gai)地(di)有千畝(mu)珙桐林(lin)(lin)和20多(duo)種古生珍稀植(zhi)物(wu)分布,罕見的銀錦杜鵑群落樹齡達500年以上。
1988年6月,長(chang)陽縣(xian)副縣(xian)長(chang)雷(lei)元海(hai)、林業局(ju)長(chang)畢家春、水(shui)利局(ju)長(chang)向德(de)明等通(tong)過實地(di)(di)察看(kan)和(he)(he)訪(fang)問(wen)當(dang)地(di)(di)群眾,得(de)知崩尖子陰陽二(er)坡3條(tiao)大灣48條(tiao)嶺從“土改(gai)”起就沒有(you)定給集體和(he)(he)農戶,長(chang)期處(chu)于“真(zhen)空”地(di)(di)帶,權屬(shu)應為國(guo)有(you)。
1988年8月5日,崩(beng)(beng)尖子(zi)縣級自然(ran)保護區被批準成立(li),11月16日建立(li)崩(beng)(beng)尖子(zi)林區管理站(zhan)。
2001年12月31日(ri),宜昌市人(ren)民政府批準為市級(ji)自然保護區(qu)(qu),崩尖子自然保護區(qu)(qu)升級(ji)為市級(ji)自然保護區(qu)(qu)。
2005年啟(qi)動晉升省(sheng)級自然(ran)保(bao)護區(qu)工作(zuo),組織專班對自然(ran)保(bao)護區(qu)進行了效益評估,對國家珍稀(xi)植物進行了標(biao)識,加(jia)強了保(bao)護區(qu)動植物的保(bao)護。
宜昌市政府(fu)2010年6月28日就自(zi)(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)下(xia)發文(wen)件批(pi)復,確(que)認(ren)崩(beng)(beng)尖子(zi)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)為(wei)省級森林(lin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態系(xi)統類(lei)型自(zi)(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu),主要保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)對象為(wei)中亞熱帶森林(lin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態系(xi)統及(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物多樣性、國(guo)家珍稀瀕(bin)危野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動植物資源及(ji)其(qi)棲息地(di),保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)總面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)13313公(gong)(gong)頃(qing),其(qi)中核心區(qu)(qu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)3198公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)、緩沖(chong)區(qu)(qu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)4372公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)、實驗區(qu)(qu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)5743公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)。此前湖北(bei)省政府(fu)6月3日以鄂政函【2010】195號文(wen)批(pi)準崩(beng)(beng)尖子(zi)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)為(wei)省級。
2015年(nian)3月10在(zai)國(guo)家(jia)林(lin)業局召開(kai)的2015年(nian)林(lin)業系統晉升國(guo)家(jia)級自然保(bao)(bao)護區評(ping)審(shen)會(hui)上,與(yu)會(hui)的25位(wei)專家(jia)組成(cheng)評(ping)審(shen)委員會(hui)對5個(ge)省區申報的8個(ge)自然保(bao)(bao)護區進行了(le)評(ping)審(shen),長陽申報的崩尖(jian)子國(guo)家(jia)自然保(bao)(bao)護區獲全票(piao)通過(guo)。