小五(wu)臺山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地處燕山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)—太(tai)(tai)行(xing)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)系,太(tai)(tai)行(xing)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈北端(duan),呂(lv)梁運(yun)動(dong)期始(shi)成(cheng)太(tai)(tai)行(xing)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)雛形;燕山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)運(yun)動(dong)時(shi),形成(cheng)新華夏(xia)式褶皺帶;喜馬拉雅運(yun)動(dong)時(shi),由于山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)體的(de)(de)劇(ju)烈抬升和強(qiang)烈斷裂,形成(cheng)了以東(dong)、西(xi)、南(nan)、北、中五(wu)座山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)為主體的(de)(de)眾多山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)和峽谷,其中海拔(ba)(ba)在2000米以上的(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)有130多座,東(dong)、西(xi)、南(nan)、北、中臺等五(wu)座山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng),海拔(ba)(ba)均在2600米以上,主峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)東(dong)臺海拔(ba)(ba)2882米,為太(tai)(tai)行(xing)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)主峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、河北最高(gao)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。除上述山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)外,西(xi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈的(de)(de)靈(ling)(ling)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、東(dong)靈(ling)(ling)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、西(xi)靈(ling)(ling)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)等山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)也(ye)在保護區(qu)內,其中靈(ling)(ling)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)為西(xi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈的(de)(de)主峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、北京西(xi)部最高(gao)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng),海拔(ba)(ba)2420米。
小(xiao)五(wu)臺(tai)山山峰林立,峽(xia)谷縱橫,森林茂密,溪(xi)流遍地,是(shi)華北地區(qu)(qu)(qu)生物(wu)多樣性豐富的(de)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)之一,具有重要(yao)的(de)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)價值。為了(le)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)該區(qu)(qu)(qu)獨特的(de)自然生態系統和野(ye)生動植(zhi)物(wu)及其棲息地,1983年(nian)(nian)11月(yue)經河北省(sheng)人民政府(fu)批準,在(zai)蔚縣(xian)小(xiao)五(wu)臺(tai)山林場(chang)(chang)、涿鹿縣(xian)楊家坪林場(chang)(chang)、涿鹿縣(xian)岔(cha)道林場(chang)(chang)山澗口營林區(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)基礎(chu)上建立了(le)小(xiao)五(wu)臺(tai)山省(sheng)級自然保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)。2002年(nian)(nian)7月(yue)經國(guo)務院批準,晉升為國(guo)家級自然保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)。河北小(xiao)五(wu)臺(tai)山國(guo)家級自然保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)屬于“自然生態系統”類(lei)別中“森林生態系統”類(lei)型的(de)自然保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu),主要(yao)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)對象是(shi)暖溫帶(dai)森林生態系統和褐馬雞等國(guo)家重點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)野(ye)生動植(zhi)物(wu)。
保護區(qu)位于河(he)北(bei)(bei)省西(xi)北(bei)(bei)部,東與北(bei)(bei)京(jing)市(shi)門頭溝(gou)區(qu)接壤,距北(bei)(bei)京(jing)市(shi)區(qu)125千米,北(bei)(bei)距張家口(kou)市(shi)150千米。地(di)(di)理(li)坐(zuo)標范(fan)圍東經114°47′8″~115°28′56″,北(bei)(bei)緯39°50′41″~40°6′30″,地(di)(di)理(li)區(qu)位十分重要。保護區(qu)的林地(di)(di)在張家口(kou)市(shi)蔚縣(xian)和涿鹿縣(xian)境內,總面積26700公頃(qing),東西(xi)長約60千米,南北(bei)(bei)寬(kuan)28千米,周邊綿延(yan)300多(duo)千米,涉及10個鄉鎮(zhen)66個自(zi)然(ran)村約20000人。
保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)現為正處級建制,直屬河(he)北省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)林業(ye)廳,編(bian)(bian)制123人(ren)。保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)實行管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)局(ju)、管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)區(qu)(qu)、管(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)站三級管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)體制,管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)局(ju)設(she)行政(zheng)辦(ban)(ban)公室(shi)、黨委辦(ban)(ban)公室(shi)、人(ren)事勞資(zi)(zi)科、計劃(hua)與資(zi)(zi)金管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)科、資(zi)(zi)源管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)科、宣傳教育科、多種經營科、防火辦(ban)(ban)公室(shi)等8個職能科室(shi),下轄森防站、金河(he)口管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)區(qu)(qu)、楊家坪管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)區(qu)(qu)、山澗口管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)區(qu)(qu)4個直屬機構和19個管(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)站。2004年(nian)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)森林警察總隊在保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)成立了小五臺山森林警察支(zhi)隊,設(she)立了4個林區(qu)(qu)治(zhi)安(an)派出所(suo),森林公安(an)編(bian)(bian)制23人(ren)。2006年(nian),王喜洞坑木(mu)林場(chang)經河(he)北省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)人(ren)民政(zheng)府批準并入(ru)保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu),林場(chang)總面積(ji)3338公頃(qing),編(bian)(bian)制48人(ren)。
小五(wu)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)形(xing)地(di)貌的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)復(fu)雜性(xing)和水熱條(tiao)件(jian)變化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點決定了(le)植(zhi)物群落(luo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)樣性(xing)。按照(zhao)《河北植(zhi)被(bei)(bei)(bei)》中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)植(zhi)被(bei)(bei)(bei)分類系(xi)統,小五(wu)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)植(zhi)被(bei)(bei)(bei)可(ke)以(yi)劃(hua)分為(wei)(wei)7個植(zhi)被(bei)(bei)(bei)型(xing),18個群系(xi)組和35個群系(xi),7個植(zhi)被(bei)(bei)(bei)型(xing)即針(zhen)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)林(lin)(lin)(lin)、針(zhen)闊(kuo)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)混交(jiao)(jiao)林(lin)(lin)(lin)、闊(kuo)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)林(lin)(lin)(lin)、灌(guan)叢(cong)、灌(guan)草(cao)叢(cong)、草(cao)甸、沼生(sheng)植(zhi)被(bei)(bei)(bei)。針(zhen)闊(kuo)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)混交(jiao)(jiao)林(lin)(lin)(lin)是小五(wu)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)植(zhi)被(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti),主(zhu)要有油松、蒙古櫟混交(jiao)(jiao)林(lin)(lin)(lin),華北落(luo)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)松、白樺混交(jiao)(jiao)林(lin)(lin)(lin),云(yun)杉(shan)、冷杉(shan)、紅樺混交(jiao)(jiao)林(lin)(lin)(lin)等(deng)。根(gen)據山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)海拔高(gao)度及(ji)水熱條(tiao)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)垂直(zhi)變化,又可(ke)以(yi)將小五(wu)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)植(zhi)被(bei)(bei)(bei)垂直(zhi)帶(dai)譜自(zi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頂至山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)基劃(hua)分為(wei)(wei)亞(ya)高(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)草(cao)甸帶(dai)、亞(ya)高(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)灌(guan)叢(cong)帶(dai)、針(zhen)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)林(lin)(lin)(lin)帶(dai)、針(zhen)闊(kuo)混交(jiao)(jiao)林(lin)(lin)(lin)帶(dai)、落(luo)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)闊(kuo)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)林(lin)(lin)(lin)帶(dai)、人工(gong)油松林(lin)(lin)(lin)帶(dai)、次生(sheng)灌(guan)叢(cong)帶(dai)和農田林(lin)(lin)(lin)果(guo)帶(dai)。以(yi)上完整(zheng)而典(dian)型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)植(zhi)被(bei)(bei)(bei)類型(xing)構(gou)成了(le)小五(wu)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)自(zi)然生(sheng)態系(xi)統主(zhu)體(ti)(ti),為(wei)(wei)物種多(duo)樣性(xing)和遺(yi)傳多(duo)樣性(xing)提(ti)供了(le)廣闊(kuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)存空間,特別(bie)為(wei)(wei)褐馬(ma)雞、金錢豹等(deng)珍(zhen)稀野生(sheng)動(dong)物提(ti)供了(le)生(sheng)存棲息環境,造就了(le)保(bao)護區獨特的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)位和保(bao)護價值。
小(xiao)五臺(tai)(tai)山(shan)地(di)區(qu)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類繁多,是華北(bei)地(di)區(qu)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類豐(feng)(feng)富(fu)的(de)地(di)區(qu)之一。經調查區(qu)內(nei)分布(bu)(bu)野(ye)生(sheng)高(gao)等植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)1637種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其中(zhong),苔蘚植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)38科(ke)(ke)(ke),98屬(shu)(shu)(shu),共244種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);隸屬(shu)(shu)(shu)于118科(ke)(ke)(ke)530屬(shu)(shu)(shu),蕨類植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)16科(ke)(ke)(ke)24屬(shu)(shu)(shu)60種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);裸子植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)4科(ke)(ke)(ke)9屬(shu)(shu)(shu)13種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);被子植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)98科(ke)(ke)(ke)497屬(shu)(shu)(shu)1320種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。以(yi)菊科(ke)(ke)(ke)、禾本科(ke)(ke)(ke)、豆科(ke)(ke)(ke)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類最為豐(feng)(feng)富(fu)。在(zai)木本植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)中(zhong),以(yi)樺屬(shu)(shu)(shu)、松(song)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)、落葉松(song)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)、云杉屬(shu)(shu)(shu)、櫟屬(shu)(shu)(shu)、楊屬(shu)(shu)(shu)林木為主,構(gou)成小(xiao)五臺(tai)(tai)森林植(zhi)被的(de)建群種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)或(huo)優勢樹種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)資源(yuan)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)較多,據初步(bu)調查,觀賞植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有367種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),中(zhong)草藥植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有390種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),牧草飼(si)料植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)593種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。根據國(guo)家2005年公布(bu)(bu)的(de)試行條例,保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)分布(bu)(bu)有國(guo)家重點(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)33種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其中(zhong)一級保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有大花杓蘭、杓蘭和紫點(dian)杓蘭;二級保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)主要有野(ye)大豆、黃(huang)檗、刺五加等;有臭冷杉、小(xiao)五臺(tai)(tai)銀(yin)蓮花等珍稀極小(xiao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)群植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu);以(yi)小(xiao)五臺(tai)(tai)命(ming)名的(de)模式(shi)標(biao)本植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),即小(xiao)五臺(tai)(tai)蚤綴(zhui)、小(xiao)五臺(tai)(tai)風毛菊、小(xiao)五臺(tai)(tai)柴胡(hu)、五臺(tai)(tai)山(shan)延胡(hu)索(suo)、小(xiao)五臺(tai)(tai)銀(yin)蓮花。
小(xiao)五(wu)臺山自然保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)在動(dong)(dong)物地理區(qu)劃位置(zhi)上隸屬(shu)古北(bei)(bei)界(jie)華北(bei)(bei)區(qu)。經調查(cha)發現保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)分布(bu)陸(lu)棲(qi)脊椎動(dong)(dong)物共計139種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),隸屬(shu)于(yu)4綱19目55科(ke),包括兩棲(qi)類2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),爬行類7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),鳥類98種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),哺乳(ru)類32種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。根據(ju)河北(bei)(bei)省林業局2006年公布(bu)的河北(bei)(bei)省重(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)陸(lu)生(sheng)野(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)(dong)物名(ming)錄,保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)分布(bu)有(you)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家重(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)野(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)(dong)物22種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家一(yi)級保(bao)護(hu)(hu)動(dong)(dong)物6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),分別為褐(he)馬雞(ji)、金雕、白肩雕、大(da)(da)鴇、黑(hei)鸛和豹。褐(he)馬雞(ji)是世界(jie)珍(zhen)禽(qin)、中國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)特(te)有(you)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家一(yi)級保(bao)護(hu)(hu)野(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)(dong)物,在國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際上,褐(he)馬雞(ji)被譽為“東方寶石(shi)”,和“國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)寶”大(da)(da)熊貓齊名(ming)。金錢豹華北(bei)(bei)亞種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屬(shu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家一(yi)級保(bao)護(hu)(hu)動(dong)(dong)物,中國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)特(te)有(you)亞種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家二級保(bao)護(hu)(hu)動(dong)(dong)物有(you)鳶、蒼鷹(ying)、勺雞(ji)、雕鸮、斑羚等16種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。河北(bei)(bei)省重(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)野(ye)生(sheng)陸(lu)生(sheng)動(dong)(dong)物27種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)的動(dong)(dong)物物種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)豐富度指標在我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)北(bei)(bei)方是比較高的地區(qu)之一(yi)。
經過調查發現,小五臺山(shan)自然保護區(qu)分布有昆蟲(chong)4綱25目(mu)(mu)(mu)254科(ke)1603屬(shu)2776種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其中(zhong),原尾綱2目(mu)(mu)(mu)4科(ke)5屬(shu)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),占(zhan)(zhan)該(gai)(gai)區(qu)科(ke)總數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)1.25%、屬(shu)總數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)0.28%,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)總數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)0.16%;雙(shuang)尾綱1目(mu)(mu)(mu)1科(ke)1屬(shu)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),占(zhan)(zhan)該(gai)(gai)區(qu)科(ke)總數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)0.31%、屬(shu)的(de)(de)0.06%和(he)(he)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)0.03%;彈尾綱1目(mu)(mu)(mu)4科(ke)5屬(shu)6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),占(zhan)(zhan)該(gai)(gai)區(qu)科(ke)總數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)1.25%、屬(shu)的(de)(de)0.28%和(he)(he)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)0.19%;昆蟲(chong)綱23目(mu)(mu)(mu)245科(ke)1592屬(shu)2764種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),分別占(zhan)(zhan)小五臺山(shan)總數(shu)(shu)(shu)據的(de)(de)79.31%、76.32%、89.69%和(he)(he)89.45%。科(ke)級組成(cheng)以(yi)鞘(qiao)翅目(mu)(mu)(mu)(49科(ke))、半翅目(mu)(mu)(mu)(44科(ke))、鱗翅目(mu)(mu)(mu)(38科(ke))和(he)(he)膜翅目(mu)(mu)(mu)(34科(ke))最多,分別占(zhan)(zhan)科(ke)級總數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)15.26%、13.70%、11.84%和(he)(he)10.59%,鱗翅目(mu)(mu)(mu)(905種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong))、鞘(qiao)翅目(mu)(mu)(mu)(564種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong))、膜翅目(mu)(mu)(mu)(412種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong))和(he)(he)雙(shuang)翅目(mu)(mu)(mu)(407種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong))這4目(mu)(mu)(mu)昆蟲(chong)共(gong)占(zhan)(zhan)昆蟲(chong)總種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)82.42%,構成(cheng)保護區(qu)昆蟲(chong)區(qu)系的(de)(de)主體。
保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)自1983年建(jian)立(li)以(yi)(yi)來,走過了(le)三十年的歷程,在國家林業局、省林業廳(ting)、當地黨委政(zheng)府的領導(dao)和(he)支持(chi)下,保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)干部職工求實創(chuang)新、艱苦奮斗,取得了(le)令(ling)人矚(zhu)目的成就。保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)晉升國家級后,編制了(le)總體規(gui)劃(2002-2010),成功實施了(le)兩期保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)建(jian)設項目,以(yi)(yi)及防(fang)火和(he)能力建(jian)設項目,基礎設施得到改善,資(zi)源保(bao)護(hu)(hu)、科研監測(ce)和(he)宣傳(chuan)教育(yu)體系初步建(jian)立(li)。
資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)是自然保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)的(de)(de)基礎工作、首要工作,主要包(bao)括森(sen)林(lin)防火(huo)和野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)植(zhi)物(wu)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)。在(zai)森(sen)林(lin)防火(huo)工作中,保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)始(shi)終(zhong)堅(jian)持預防為主、積極消(xiao)滅的(de)(de)方針,每年10月1日(ri)到(dao)翌年5月31日(ri)嚴(yan)禁任(ren)何(he)人(ren)進(jin)山(shan),清明(ming)節期(qi)間控制上(shang)墳燒紙,五一勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)節期(qi)間控制燒秸(jie)稈、燎地邊(bian),不斷(duan)加(jia)強專業撲火(huo)隊建設,取得了(le)30年來無大(da)的(de)(de)森(sen)林(lin)火(huo)災(zai)的(de)(de)成績。在(zai)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)工作中,大(da)力(li)開(kai)展保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)宣傳,保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)內(nei)堅(jian)決實行(xing)禁牧、禁采、禁獵(lie),嚴(yan)格實行(xing)進(jin)山(shan)證制度(du),禁止游人(ren)、以及無關人(ren)員進(jin)入保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu),最(zui)大(da)限度(du)地減(jian)少人(ren)為活(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)對(dui)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)植(zhi)物(wu)的(de)(de)干(gan)擾(rao),使(shi)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)內(nei)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)植(zhi)物(wu)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)得到(dao)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)和恢復,確保(bao)了(le)褐馬(ma)雞(ji)等重(zhong)點保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)棲息地的(de)(de)完(wan)整和安全。
對(dui)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)內野(ye)生動物及其棲息地的研(yan)究和(he)監(jian)測,對(dui)于野(ye)生動植物保(bao)護(hu)、管理和(he)種群恢復(fu)具(ju)有重(zhong)大(da)意義。保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)積極與(yu)省內外各大(da)院校(xiao)、科研(yan)院所和(he)各保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)兄弟單位合作開展了(le)一系列的科研(yan)和(he)監(jian)測工作。
1981年(nian),根據1979年(nian)林(lin)業部(bu)(bu)等八(ba)個(ge)(ge)部(bu)(bu)委聯合(he)簽發的(de)(de)關于加(jia)(jia)強自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)管理區(qu)劃和(he)(he)科(ke)學(xue)考(kao)(kao)察(cha)(cha)(cha)工作的(de)(de)通知及河(he)(he)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)省(sheng)(sheng)農委(1981)7號文(wen)件(jian)精神(shen),以河(he)(he)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)省(sheng)(sheng)林(lin)業廳(ting)為(wei)主(zhu),邀請(qing)河(he)(he)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)省(sheng)(sheng)科(ke)學(xue)院(yuan),對小五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)臺(tai)(tai)山(shan)自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)自(zi)然(ran)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)進行(xing)了(le)初步考(kao)(kao)察(cha)(cha)(cha)。1987-1993年(nian),河(he)(he)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)省(sheng)(sheng)林(lin)業廳(ting)、河(he)(he)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)師范(fan)大(da)(da)(da)學(xue)生(sheng)物(wu)系(xi)(xi)、霧靈山(shan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)和(he)(he)小五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)臺(tai)(tai)山(shan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)聯合(he)開(kai)展(zhan)調(diao)查(cha),獲得了(le)大(da)(da)(da)量的(de)(de)標本(ben)(ben)和(he)(he)觀察(cha)(cha)(cha)數據,并參(can)閱有(you)(you)關文(wen)獻資(zi)(zi)(zi)料(liao)(liao),編寫了(le)《霧靈山(shan)、小五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)臺(tai)(tai)山(shan)自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)陸生(sheng)脊(ji)椎(zhui)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)研究(jiu)(jiu)》,由(you)(you)中(zhong)國(guo)科(ke)學(xue)技術出(chu)版(ban)社出(chu)版(ban)。1988年(nian),保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu) 2次組織小五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)臺(tai)(tai)山(shan)生(sheng)物(wu)多樣性(xing)本(ben)(ben)底(di)調(diao)查(cha),并編輯(ji)印刷內(nei)部(bu)(bu)資(zi)(zi)(zi)料(liao)(liao)《小五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)臺(tai)(tai)山(shan)植(zhi)物(wu)》。1990年(nian),由(you)(you)中(zhong)國(guo)科(ke)學(xue)院(yuan)微(wei)生(sheng)物(wu)研究(jiu)(jiu)所和(he)(he)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)菌(jun)物(wu)考(kao)(kao)察(cha)(cha)(cha)隊對小五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)臺(tai)(tai)山(shan)進行(xing)了(le)菌(jun)物(wu)考(kao)(kao)察(cha)(cha)(cha)。1995-1998年(nian),保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)成立(li)(li)褐(he)馬(ma)雞(ji)課題組,對小五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)臺(tai)(tai)山(shan)褐(he)馬(ma)雞(ji)分(fen)布、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)群數量和(he)(he)生(sheng)物(wu)學(xue)特性(xing)進行(xing)了(le)全面調(diao)查(cha),經調(diao)查(cha)統計(ji)(ji)小五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)臺(tai)(tai)山(shan)褐(he)馬(ma)雞(ji)數量為(wei)2420只左右(you),主(zhu)要分(fen)布于保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)的(de)(de)核(he)心區(qu)。2001年(nian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)邀請(qing)中(zhong)國(guo)林(lin)科(ke)院(yuan)宋朝樞(shu)先生(sheng),共同編撰了(le)《河(he)(he)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)小五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)臺(tai)(tai)山(shan)自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)綜合(he)科(ke)學(xue)考(kao)(kao)察(cha)(cha)(cha)報告》。2005年(nian)以來,保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)依(yi)托河(he)(he)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)師范(fan)大(da)(da)(da)學(xue)的(de)(de)專(zhuan)家(jia)和(he)(he)研究(jiu)(jiu)生(sheng)隊伍,在保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)開(kai)展(zhan)了(le)系(xi)(xi)統的(de)(de)植(zhi)物(wu)學(xue)野(ye)外考(kao)(kao)察(cha)(cha)(cha),采集了(le)大(da)(da)(da)量標本(ben)(ben),經過研究(jiu)(jiu)和(he)(he)鑒定,廣泛查(cha)閱相關文(wen)獻,共同完成了(le)《小五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)臺(tai)(tai)山(shan)植(zhi)物(wu)志(zhi)(zhi)》的(de)(de)編輯(ji)工作,2012年(nian),利用林(lin)業國(guo)家(jia)級自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)專(zhuan)項補助資(zi)(zi)(zi)金,由(you)(you)科(ke)學(xue)出(chu)版(ban)社出(chu)版(ban)。2007-2010年(nian),保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)邀請(qing)省(sheng)(sheng)森(sen)防站(zhan)退(tui)休專(zhuan)家(jia)徐志(zhi)(zhi)華先生(sheng),成立(li)(li)昆(kun)(kun)蟲(chong)(chong)考(kao)(kao)察(cha)(cha)(cha)組對區(qu)內(nei)昆(kun)(kun)蟲(chong)(chong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)進行(xing)了(le)本(ben)(ben)底(di)調(diao)查(cha),目前正在編寫相關資(zi)(zi)(zi)料(liao)(liao)。2007-2009年(nian),依(yi)托河(he)(he)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)(da)學(xue)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)學(xue)國(guo)家(jia)重(zhong)點(dian)(培育)學(xue)科(ke)和(he)(he)河(he)(he)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)(da)學(xue)河(he)(he)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)省(sheng)(sheng)無脊(ji)椎(zhui)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)系(xi)(xi)統學(xue)與應用實驗室,組織國(guo)內(nei)20多個(ge)(ge)大(da)(da)(da)學(xue)和(he)(he)科(ke)研機構,在保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)進行(xing)大(da)(da)(da)范(fan)圍(wei)昆(kun)(kun)蟲(chong)(chong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)考(kao)(kao)察(cha)(cha)(cha),進一(yi)步擴(kuo)大(da)(da)(da)和(he)(he)深化了(le)昆(kun)(kun)蟲(chong)(chong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(含蜘(zhi)蛛(zhu)(zhu))考(kao)(kao)察(cha)(cha)(cha)內(nei)容,獲得了(le)10多萬件(jian)珍貴標本(ben)(ben),經專(zhuan)家(jia)鑒定和(he)(he)對已有(you)(you)資(zi)(zi)(zi)料(liao)(liao)分(fen)析整理,本(ben)(ben)次發現(xian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)新(xin)紀錄(lu)昆(kun)(kun)蟲(chong)(chong)和(he)(he)蛛(zhu)(zhu)形動(dong)(dong)物(wu)2434種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),昆(kun)(kun)蟲(chong)(chong)增加(jia)(jia)2354種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),蛛(zhu)(zhu)形動(dong)(dong)物(wu)增加(jia)(jia)314種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),發現(xian)16個(ge)(ge)新(xin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(目前共計(ji)(ji)62種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)),中(zhong)國(guo)新(xin)紀錄(lu)6屬(shu)和(he)(he)29種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、河(he)(he)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)新(xin)紀錄(lu)334種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),小五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)臺(tai)(tai)山(shan)及其毗(pi)鄰地區(qu)的(de)(de)特有(you)(you)昆(kun)(kun)蟲(chong)(chong)(也稱土著(zhu)昆(kun)(kun)蟲(chong)(chong))63種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。這(zhe)些基(ji)礎研究(jiu)(jiu)為(wei)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)的(de)(de)有(you)(you)效保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)和(he)(he)恢復提供(gong)了(le)科(ke)學(xue)可靠的(de)(de)理論(lun)依(yi)據。
向(xiang)(xiang)公眾(zhong)普及自然(ran)知識(shi)(shi)是(shi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)與發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)要,也是(shi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)責任和(he)(he)(he)義務。我國(guo)自然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)起(qi)步(bu)相對較晚,尚未得到(dao)社會(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)普遍了(le)(le)(le)解和(he)(he)(he)充分支(zhi)持(chi),這就需(xu)要廣(guang)泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),持(chi)久的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)宣傳教育,逐步(bu)提高(gao)人們對自然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)重要性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認識(shi)(shi),使人們自覺(jue)加入(ru)野生(sheng)動植物(wu)(wu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)者行列,促進生(sheng)態文明建(jian)設(she)。多年(nian)來,保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)面向(xiang)(xiang)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)和(he)(he)(he)自然(ran)愛好者,開(kai)展了(le)(le)(le)大量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教學(xue)(xue)(xue)實(shi)習、夏令營和(he)(he)(he)科(ke)考活動,成為(wei)北京師(shi)范大學(xue)(xue)(xue)、河北師(shi)范大學(xue)(xue)(xue)等多所學(xue)(xue)(xue)校的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教學(xue)(xue)(xue)和(he)(he)(he)科(ke)研基地,2000年(nian)被宋慶齡基金(jin)(jin)會(hui)(hui)命名(ming)為(wei)“宋慶齡基金(jin)(jin)會(hui)(hui)野生(sheng)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)基金(jin)(jin)管理(li)委員會(hui)(hui)青少年(nian)科(ke)普教育基地”,2010年(nian)被省(sheng)(sheng)科(ke)技廳授予(yu)“河北省(sheng)(sheng)青少年(nian)科(ke)技教育基地”,2012年(nian),被中(zhong)國(guo)林學(xue)(xue)(xue)會(hui)(hui)授予(yu)“全國(guo)林業科(ke)普基地”。2009年(nian)建(jian)立(li)了(le)(le)(le)楊家坪科(ke)普展覽廳,2011年(nian)建(jian)立(li)了(le)(le)(le)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)官方網(wang)站,創辦了(le)(le)(le)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內(nei)部刊(kan)物(wu)(wu)《小五臺山》,2012年(nian)建(jian)立(li)了(le)(le)(le)小五臺山自然(ran)博(bo)物(wu)(wu)館,在新浪網(wang)開(kai)通了(le)(le)(le)小五臺山官方微博(bo),為(wei)提高(gao)公眾(zhong)自然(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)意(yi)識(shi)(shi)做出了(le)(le)(le)積極努力。
在(zai)長期的保護和管(guan)理下,區內植(zhi)被得(de)到恢復,生態(tai)環境得(de)到改善,生物多(duo)樣性明(ming)顯增(zeng)加。保護區建立以來,森(sen)林覆蓋率由1986年(nian)(nian)的54.9%增(zeng)加到76.4%。在(zai)1999年(nian)(nian)和2006年(nian)(nian),河北(bei)師范大(da)學(xue)教(jiao)授趙建成先后發(fa)現并(bing)命名苔(tai)蘚(xian)(xian)新種中華大(da)帽(mao)蘚(xian)(xian)和亞(ya)洲大(da)帽(mao)蘚(xian)(xian)。2008年(nian)(nian),中科院(yuan)院(yuan)士王文采發(fa)現并(bing)命名小五臺銀蓮花。2012年(nian)(nian)11月,監測(ce)發(fa)現多(duo)個褐馬雞(ji)種群,以及勺雞(ji)、赤狐、斑羚(ling)、豹(bao)貓。2013年(nian)(nian)4月監測(ce)發(fa)現金錢豹(bao)華北(bei)亞(ya)種。