小五(wu)臺山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地處燕(yan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)—太(tai)行山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)系,太(tai)行山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)(mo)北端,呂梁運(yun)動期始成太(tai)行山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)雛形(xing);燕(yan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)運(yun)動時,形(xing)成新華(hua)夏(xia)式褶皺帶;喜(xi)馬拉雅運(yun)動時,由于山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)體的(de)劇烈抬升和強烈斷(duan)裂,形(xing)成了以(yi)東、西(xi)、南、北、中五(wu)座(zuo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)為主體的(de)眾多山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)和峽谷,其中海拔(ba)在2000米(mi)以(yi)上(shang)的(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)有130多座(zuo),東、西(xi)、南、北、中臺等(deng)五(wu)座(zuo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng),海拔(ba)均在2600米(mi)以(yi)上(shang),主峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)東臺海拔(ba)2882米(mi),為太(tai)行山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)主峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、河北最(zui)高峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。除上(shang)述(shu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)外(wai),西(xi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)(mo)的(de)靈山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、東靈山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、西(xi)靈山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)等(deng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)也在保護區內,其中靈山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)為西(xi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)(mo)的(de)主峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、北京西(xi)部(bu)最(zui)高峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng),海拔(ba)2420米(mi)。
小(xiao)五(wu)臺山山峰林(lin)(lin)(lin)立,峽谷縱橫,森(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)茂密,溪流遍地,是華北(bei)地區(qu)(qu)生物多樣性(xing)豐富的(de)(de)區(qu)(qu)域之一,具(ju)有重要的(de)(de)保(bao)護(hu)價值。為了保(bao)護(hu)該區(qu)(qu)獨特的(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)然生態系(xi)統和野生動植物及其棲息地,1983年(nian)11月經河(he)(he)北(bei)省人(ren)民政(zheng)府批準(zhun),在蔚縣小(xiao)五(wu)臺山林(lin)(lin)(lin)場(chang)、涿(zhuo)鹿(lu)縣楊家坪林(lin)(lin)(lin)場(chang)、涿(zhuo)鹿(lu)縣岔道(dao)林(lin)(lin)(lin)場(chang)山澗口(kou)營林(lin)(lin)(lin)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)基礎上建立了小(xiao)五(wu)臺山省級自(zi)(zi)然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)。2002年(nian)7月經國務院批準(zhun),晉升(sheng)為國家級自(zi)(zi)然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)。河(he)(he)北(bei)小(xiao)五(wu)臺山國家級自(zi)(zi)然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)屬于“自(zi)(zi)然生態系(xi)統”類(lei)別中“森(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)生態系(xi)統”類(lei)型的(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu),主要保(bao)護(hu)對象是暖溫帶(dai)森(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)生態系(xi)統和褐馬雞等(deng)國家重點保(bao)護(hu)野生動植物。
保護(hu)區位于河北(bei)(bei)省西北(bei)(bei)部,東與北(bei)(bei)京(jing)市(shi)門頭溝區接壤,距北(bei)(bei)京(jing)市(shi)區125千米(mi),北(bei)(bei)距張家口市(shi)150千米(mi)。地(di)理(li)坐(zuo)標范圍東經114°47′8″~115°28′56″,北(bei)(bei)緯(wei)39°50′41″~40°6′30″,地(di)理(li)區位十(shi)分重要。保護(hu)區的(de)林地(di)在張家口市(shi)蔚縣和涿鹿縣境內,總(zong)面積26700公頃,東西長約60千米(mi),南北(bei)(bei)寬28千米(mi),周邊綿延300多千米(mi),涉及10個(ge)鄉鎮66個(ge)自然村(cun)約20000人。
保護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)現為正處級建制,直(zhi)(zhi)屬河北省(sheng)林(lin)業(ye)廳,編(bian)制123人。保護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)實行管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)局、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護站(zhan)三(san)級管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)體制,管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)局設行政(zheng)辦公(gong)(gong)室、黨委辦公(gong)(gong)室、人事勞資科(ke)(ke)(ke)、計劃與(yu)資金管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)科(ke)(ke)(ke)、資源(yuan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)科(ke)(ke)(ke)、宣(xuan)傳教育科(ke)(ke)(ke)、多種(zhong)經(jing)營科(ke)(ke)(ke)、防火辦公(gong)(gong)室等8個職能科(ke)(ke)(ke)室,下轄森防站(zhan)、金河口管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、楊家坪管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、山澗口管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)4個直(zhi)(zhi)屬機構和19個管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)護站(zhan)。2004年省(sheng)森林(lin)警(jing)察(cha)總隊(dui)在保護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)成立了小五臺山森林(lin)警(jing)察(cha)支隊(dui),設立了4個林(lin)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)治安派出所,森林(lin)公(gong)(gong)安編(bian)制23人。2006年,王喜洞坑木林(lin)場經(jing)河北省(sheng)人民政(zheng)府批準并入保護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),林(lin)場總面積3338公(gong)(gong)頃,編(bian)制48人。
小(xiao)五(wu)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)山地形地貌的(de)復雜(za)性和水(shui)熱(re)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)變化的(de)特(te)點決定(ding)了(le)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)群(qun)落(luo)的(de)多(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性。按照《河北植(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)(bei)》中的(de)植(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)(bei)分類(lei)系統(tong)(tong),小(xiao)五(wu)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)山的(de)植(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)(bei)可以劃分為7個植(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)(bei)型(xing),18個群(qun)系組和35個群(qun)系,7個植(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)(bei)型(xing)即(ji)針(zhen)葉(xie)林(lin)(lin)、針(zhen)闊(kuo)葉(xie)混(hun)交林(lin)(lin)、闊(kuo)葉(xie)林(lin)(lin)、灌叢、灌草叢、草甸、沼(zhao)生(sheng)植(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)(bei)。針(zhen)闊(kuo)葉(xie)混(hun)交林(lin)(lin)是小(xiao)五(wu)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)山植(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)(bei)的(de)主體(ti),主要有(you)油松(song)、蒙古櫟混(hun)交林(lin)(lin),華北落(luo)葉(xie)松(song)、白樺混(hun)交林(lin)(lin),云杉(shan)(shan)、冷杉(shan)(shan)、紅(hong)樺混(hun)交林(lin)(lin)等。根據山體(ti)的(de)海拔高(gao)(gao)度及水(shui)熱(re)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)的(de)垂直變化,又可以將小(xiao)五(wu)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)山植(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)(bei)垂直帶(dai)譜自山頂(ding)至山基劃分為亞高(gao)(gao)山草甸帶(dai)、亞高(gao)(gao)山灌叢帶(dai)、針(zhen)葉(xie)林(lin)(lin)帶(dai)、針(zhen)闊(kuo)混(hun)交林(lin)(lin)帶(dai)、落(luo)葉(xie)闊(kuo)葉(xie)林(lin)(lin)帶(dai)、人(ren)工(gong)油松(song)林(lin)(lin)帶(dai)、次(ci)生(sheng)灌叢帶(dai)和農田林(lin)(lin)果帶(dai)。以上完整而(er)典型(xing)的(de)植(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)(bei)類(lei)型(xing)構成了(le)小(xiao)五(wu)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)山自然生(sheng)態系統(tong)(tong)主體(ti),為物(wu)種多(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性和遺傳(chuan)多(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性提供(gong)了(le)廣闊(kuo)的(de)生(sheng)存空間,特(te)別為褐(he)馬雞(ji)、金(jin)錢豹等珍稀野生(sheng)動物(wu)提供(gong)了(le)生(sheng)存棲息環(huan)境,造就了(le)保護區獨特(te)的(de)地位和保護價值。
小(xiao)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)地區植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)種類(lei)繁多,是華北地區植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)種類(lei)豐富(fu)的地區之一(yi)。經調(diao)查(cha)區內分布野(ye)生高等植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)1637種,其中(zhong),苔(tai)蘚植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)38科(ke),98屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),共244種;隸屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)于(yu)118科(ke)530屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),蕨類(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)16科(ke)24屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)60種;裸子植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)4科(ke)9屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)13種;被(bei)子植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)98科(ke)497屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)1320種。以(yi)(yi)菊科(ke)、禾本科(ke)、豆科(ke)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)種類(lei)最(zui)為豐富(fu)。在(zai)木本植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)中(zhong),以(yi)(yi)樺屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、松(song)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、落葉松(song)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、云(yun)杉(shan)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、櫟屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、楊屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)林木為主,構成小(xiao)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)森林植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)的建群種或優勢(shi)樹(shu)種。保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區資源植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)較多,據(ju)初步調(diao)查(cha),觀賞植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)有(you)367種,中(zhong)草藥植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)有(you)390種,牧草飼料植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)593種。根據(ju)國家2005年公布的試行條例,保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區分布有(you)國家重(zhong)點保(bao)(bao)護(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)33種,其中(zhong)一(yi)級(ji)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)有(you)大花杓(shao)蘭(lan)、杓(shao)蘭(lan)和紫點杓(shao)蘭(lan);二(er)級(ji)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)主要(yao)有(you)野(ye)大豆、黃(huang)檗、刺(ci)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)加等;有(you)臭冷杉(shan)、小(xiao)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)銀(yin)蓮花等珍稀極小(xiao)種群植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu);以(yi)(yi)小(xiao)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)命名的模式標本植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)5種,即小(xiao)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)蚤綴、小(xiao)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)風毛菊、小(xiao)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)柴胡、五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)延胡索、小(xiao)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)銀(yin)蓮花。
小五臺(tai)山(shan)自然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)在動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)地(di)理區(qu)劃位置(zhi)上隸屬古北界(jie)華(hua)(hua)北區(qu)。經調查發現(xian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)分布陸(lu)棲脊(ji)椎(zhui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)共計(ji)139種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),隸屬于4綱19目55科(ke),包(bao)括兩(liang)棲類(lei)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),爬行類(lei)7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),鳥類(lei)98種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),哺乳類(lei)32種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。根據河(he)北省林業局(ju)2006年公布的河(he)北省重(zhong)點保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)陸(lu)生(sheng)野生(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)名(ming)錄(lu),保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)分布有(you)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)重(zhong)點保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)野生(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)22種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)一(yi)級保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),分別為褐馬雞(ji)、金雕、白肩雕、大鴇、黑鸛和豹。褐馬雞(ji)是世界(jie)珍(zhen)禽、中國(guo)(guo)特(te)有(you)、國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)一(yi)級保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)野生(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu),在國(guo)(guo)際上,褐馬雞(ji)被譽為“東(dong)方寶石”,和“國(guo)(guo)寶”大熊貓(mao)齊名(ming)。金錢(qian)豹華(hua)(hua)北亞(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屬國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)一(yi)級保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu),中國(guo)(guo)特(te)有(you)亞(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)二級保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)有(you)鳶(yuan)、蒼鷹、勺雞(ji)、雕鸮、斑羚等(deng)16種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。河(he)北省重(zhong)點保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)野生(sheng)陸(lu)生(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)27種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)的動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)豐富度指標(biao)在我國(guo)(guo)北方是比較高的地(di)區(qu)之(zhi)一(yi)。
經過調查發現,小(xiao)五臺山(shan)自然保護區分(fen)布有(you)昆(kun)蟲(chong)4綱25目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)254科(ke)(ke)(ke)1603屬(shu)(shu)(shu)2776種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其中,原尾(wei)綱2目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)4科(ke)(ke)(ke)5屬(shu)(shu)(shu)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),占該(gai)(gai)區科(ke)(ke)(ke)總(zong)(zong)(zong)數的(de)(de)(de)1.25%、屬(shu)(shu)(shu)總(zong)(zong)(zong)數的(de)(de)(de)0.28%,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)總(zong)(zong)(zong)數的(de)(de)(de)0.16%;雙(shuang)尾(wei)綱1目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)1科(ke)(ke)(ke)1屬(shu)(shu)(shu)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),占該(gai)(gai)區科(ke)(ke)(ke)總(zong)(zong)(zong)數的(de)(de)(de)0.31%、屬(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)0.06%和(he)(he)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)0.03%;彈尾(wei)綱1目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)4科(ke)(ke)(ke)5屬(shu)(shu)(shu)6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),占該(gai)(gai)區科(ke)(ke)(ke)總(zong)(zong)(zong)數的(de)(de)(de)1.25%、屬(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)0.28%和(he)(he)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)0.19%;昆(kun)蟲(chong)綱23目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)245科(ke)(ke)(ke)1592屬(shu)(shu)(shu)2764種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),分(fen)別(bie)占小(xiao)五臺山(shan)總(zong)(zong)(zong)數據的(de)(de)(de)79.31%、76.32%、89.69%和(he)(he)89.45%。科(ke)(ke)(ke)級組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)以鞘(qiao)翅(chi)(chi)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(49科(ke)(ke)(ke))、半翅(chi)(chi)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(44科(ke)(ke)(ke))、鱗(lin)(lin)翅(chi)(chi)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(38科(ke)(ke)(ke))和(he)(he)膜翅(chi)(chi)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(34科(ke)(ke)(ke))最多,分(fen)別(bie)占科(ke)(ke)(ke)級總(zong)(zong)(zong)數的(de)(de)(de)15.26%、13.70%、11.84%和(he)(he)10.59%,鱗(lin)(lin)翅(chi)(chi)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(905種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong))、鞘(qiao)翅(chi)(chi)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(564種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong))、膜翅(chi)(chi)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(412種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong))和(he)(he)雙(shuang)翅(chi)(chi)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(407種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong))這4目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)昆(kun)蟲(chong)共占昆(kun)蟲(chong)總(zong)(zong)(zong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數的(de)(de)(de)82.42%,構成(cheng)(cheng)保護區昆(kun)蟲(chong)區系的(de)(de)(de)主體。
保(bao)護區(qu)自(zi)1983年建(jian)(jian)立(li)以來,走過(guo)了(le)三(san)十年的歷程(cheng),在(zai)國(guo)家林業(ye)局、省林業(ye)廳、當(dang)地(di)黨委政府的領導(dao)和支持下(xia),保(bao)護區(qu)干(gan)部職工求實創新、艱(jian)苦(ku)奮(fen)斗,取得了(le)令人矚目的成就。保(bao)護區(qu)晉升國(guo)家級后,編制了(le)總體(ti)規劃(hua)(2002-2010),成功實施了(le)兩期保(bao)護區(qu)建(jian)(jian)設(she)項(xiang)目,以及防火和能(neng)力建(jian)(jian)設(she)項(xiang)目,基礎設(she)施得到改(gai)善,資(zi)源(yuan)保(bao)護、科研監測和宣傳教(jiao)育體(ti)系(xi)初步建(jian)(jian)立(li)。
資源(yuan)保(bao)護是自然保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)的(de)基(ji)礎工(gong)作、首(shou)要(yao)工(gong)作,主要(yao)包括森(sen)林(lin)防火(huo)和野(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)(dong)植(zhi)(zhi)物資源(yuan)保(bao)護。在森(sen)林(lin)防火(huo)工(gong)作中,保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)始終堅持預(yu)防為主、積(ji)極消滅的(de)方(fang)針,每(mei)年10月1日到(dao)翌年5月31日嚴禁任何人進山,清明節期間控制(zhi)上墳燒紙(zhi),五一勞動(dong)(dong)節期間控制(zhi)燒秸稈、燎(liao)地(di)邊(bian),不斷加強專(zhuan)業撲火(huo)隊建設,取得(de)(de)了(le)30年來無大(da)的(de)森(sen)林(lin)火(huo)災的(de)成績。在資源(yuan)保(bao)護工(gong)作中,大(da)力開(kai)展保(bao)護宣傳,保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)內堅決實行禁牧、禁采(cai)、禁獵(lie),嚴格實行進山證(zheng)制(zhi)度,禁止游人、以及無關人員進入保(bao)護區(qu)(qu),最大(da)限度地(di)減(jian)少人為活動(dong)(dong)對(dui)野(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)(dong)植(zhi)(zhi)物的(de)干(gan)擾(rao),使保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)內野(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)(dong)植(zhi)(zhi)物資源(yuan)得(de)(de)到(dao)保(bao)護和恢復,確保(bao)了(le)褐馬(ma)雞等(deng)重點保(bao)護野(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)(dong)物棲息(xi)地(di)的(de)完(wan)整和安全。
對保護(hu)區(qu)內(nei)(nei)野生動物(wu)及其棲息地的研究和(he)(he)監測(ce)(ce),對于野生動植物(wu)保護(hu)、管理和(he)(he)種群恢(hui)復具有(you)重大意義(yi)。保護(hu)區(qu)積極與(yu)省內(nei)(nei)外各大院(yuan)校、科研院(yuan)所和(he)(he)各保護(hu)區(qu)兄弟單位合作(zuo)開(kai)展了一系列的科研和(he)(he)監測(ce)(ce)工作(zuo)。
1981年(nian)(nian),根據1979年(nian)(nian)林業部(bu)等八個部(bu)委聯合簽發的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關于(yu)加強(qiang)自然保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)管(guan)理(li)區(qu)(qu)(qu)劃和(he)(he)(he)(he)科(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)考(kao)察(cha)(cha)工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)通知及(ji)河北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)省(sheng)農委(1981)7號(hao)文(wen)(wen)件精神,以(yi)河北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)省(sheng)林業廳(ting)(ting)為(wei)主(zhu),邀(yao)請河北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)省(sheng)科(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)院,對(dui)(dui)(dui)小(xiao)五(wu)臺(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)自然保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)自然資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)進(jin)行(xing)了(le)(le)(le)初(chu)步考(kao)察(cha)(cha)。1987-1993年(nian)(nian),河北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)省(sheng)林業廳(ting)(ting)、河北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)師范大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)系(xi)(xi)、霧靈山(shan)(shan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)小(xiao)五(wu)臺(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)聯合開展調查,獲得了(le)(le)(le)大(da)(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標本(ben)(ben)和(he)(he)(he)(he)觀察(cha)(cha)數據,并參(can)閱有關文(wen)(wen)獻資(zi)(zi)料(liao),編(bian)寫了(le)(le)(le)《霧靈山(shan)(shan)、小(xiao)五(wu)臺(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)自然保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)陸(lu)生(sheng)脊椎動物(wu)(wu)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)》,由(you)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)科(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)技(ji)術出(chu)(chu)版社出(chu)(chu)版。1988年(nian)(nian),保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu) 2次組(zu)織(zhi)小(xiao)五(wu)臺(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)多樣性本(ben)(ben)底(di)調查,并編(bian)輯印刷(shua)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)資(zi)(zi)料(liao)《小(xiao)五(wu)臺(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)植物(wu)(wu)》。1990年(nian)(nian),由(you)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)科(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)院微生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)所和(he)(he)(he)(he)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)菌(jun)物(wu)(wu)考(kao)察(cha)(cha)隊對(dui)(dui)(dui)小(xiao)五(wu)臺(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)進(jin)行(xing)了(le)(le)(le)菌(jun)物(wu)(wu)考(kao)察(cha)(cha)。1995-1998年(nian)(nian),保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)成(cheng)立褐(he)馬(ma)雞(ji)課(ke)題組(zu),對(dui)(dui)(dui)小(xiao)五(wu)臺(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)褐(he)馬(ma)雞(ji)分布、種(zhong)群(qun)數量(liang)和(he)(he)(he)(he)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)特性進(jin)行(xing)了(le)(le)(le)全面調查,經調查統計小(xiao)五(wu)臺(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)褐(he)馬(ma)雞(ji)數量(liang)為(wei)2420只左右,主(zhu)要分布于(yu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)核心區(qu)(qu)(qu)。2001年(nian)(nian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)邀(yao)請中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)林科(ke)(ke)(ke)院宋朝(chao)樞(shu)先(xian)(xian)生(sheng),共(gong)同編(bian)撰了(le)(le)(le)《河北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)小(xiao)五(wu)臺(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)自然保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)綜(zong)合科(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)考(kao)察(cha)(cha)報告》。2005年(nian)(nian)以(yi)來(lai),保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)依托(tuo)河北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)師范大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)家(jia)和(he)(he)(he)(he)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)生(sheng)隊伍,在保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)開展了(le)(le)(le)系(xi)(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)植物(wu)(wu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)野外考(kao)察(cha)(cha),采集了(le)(le)(le)大(da)(da)量(liang)標本(ben)(ben),經過(guo)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)鑒定,廣泛查閱相關文(wen)(wen)獻,共(gong)同完成(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)《小(xiao)五(wu)臺(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)植物(wu)(wu)志》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)編(bian)輯工(gong)作(zuo),2012年(nian)(nian),利用(yong)林業國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)級自然保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)專(zhuan)項補助資(zi)(zi)金,由(you)科(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)出(chu)(chu)版社出(chu)(chu)版。2007-2010年(nian)(nian),保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)邀(yao)請省(sheng)森(sen)防(fang)站退休專(zhuan)家(jia)徐志華先(xian)(xian)生(sheng),成(cheng)立昆蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)考(kao)察(cha)(cha)組(zu)對(dui)(dui)(dui)區(qu)(qu)(qu)內(nei)(nei)昆蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)進(jin)行(xing)了(le)(le)(le)本(ben)(ben)底(di)調查,目前(qian)正在編(bian)寫相關資(zi)(zi)料(liao)。2007-2009年(nian)(nian),依托(tuo)河北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)動物(wu)(wu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)重點(培(pei)育)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)和(he)(he)(he)(he)河北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)河北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)省(sheng)無(wu)脊椎動物(wu)(wu)系(xi)(xi)統學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)與應(ying)用(yong)實(shi)驗室,組(zu)織(zhi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)20多個大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)和(he)(he)(he)(he)科(ke)(ke)(ke)研(yan)機構,在保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)進(jin)行(xing)大(da)(da)范圍(wei)昆蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)考(kao)察(cha)(cha),進(jin)一步擴大(da)(da)和(he)(he)(he)(he)深化了(le)(le)(le)昆蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(含蜘蛛(zhu))考(kao)察(cha)(cha)內(nei)(nei)容(rong),獲得了(le)(le)(le)10多萬件珍貴標本(ben)(ben),經專(zhuan)家(jia)鑒定和(he)(he)(he)(he)對(dui)(dui)(dui)已有資(zi)(zi)料(liao)分析整(zheng)理(li),本(ben)(ben)次發現保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)新(xin)紀(ji)(ji)錄昆蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)和(he)(he)(he)(he)蛛(zhu)形動物(wu)(wu)2434種(zhong),昆蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)增加2354種(zhong),蛛(zhu)形動物(wu)(wu)增加314種(zhong),發現16個新(xin)種(zhong)(目前(qian)共(gong)計62種(zhong)),中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)新(xin)紀(ji)(ji)錄6屬和(he)(he)(he)(he)29種(zhong)、河北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)新(xin)紀(ji)(ji)錄334種(zhong),小(xiao)五(wu)臺(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)及(ji)其毗鄰地區(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特有昆蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(也稱土(tu)著昆蟲(chong)(chong)(chong))63種(zhong)。這些(xie)基礎研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)為(wei)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有效保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)恢(hui)復提供了(le)(le)(le)科(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)可靠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)論依據。
向(xiang)公眾普(pu)及自(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)知識是保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)保(bao)護(hu)與發展的(de)(de)需要,也(ye)是保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)責任和(he)義(yi)務。我國自(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)起步相對(dui)較(jiao)晚(wan),尚(shang)未得到社會的(de)(de)普(pu)遍了(le)解和(he)充分(fen)支持(chi),這就(jiu)需要廣泛的(de)(de),持(chi)久的(de)(de)宣傳教(jiao)(jiao)育,逐步提高(gao)人(ren)們(men)對(dui)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)保(bao)護(hu)重要性(xing)的(de)(de)認(ren)識,使人(ren)們(men)自(zi)(zi)覺加入野生動(dong)植物保(bao)護(hu)者(zhe)行(xing)列(lie),促進生態(tai)文(wen)明建(jian)設。多年(nian)來,保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)面向(xiang)學(xue)(xue)生和(he)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)愛好者(zhe),開展了(le)大量(liang)的(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)實(shi)習、夏令營和(he)科(ke)(ke)考活動(dong),成(cheng)為北(bei)(bei)京師范(fan)大學(xue)(xue)、河(he)北(bei)(bei)師范(fan)大學(xue)(xue)等(deng)多所學(xue)(xue)校的(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)和(he)科(ke)(ke)研基(ji)(ji)地,2000年(nian)被宋慶齡基(ji)(ji)金會命名(ming)為“宋慶齡基(ji)(ji)金會野生生物基(ji)(ji)金管理委員會青少年(nian)科(ke)(ke)普(pu)教(jiao)(jiao)育基(ji)(ji)地”,2010年(nian)被省科(ke)(ke)技廳授予(yu)“河(he)北(bei)(bei)省青少年(nian)科(ke)(ke)技教(jiao)(jiao)育基(ji)(ji)地”,2012年(nian),被中國林學(xue)(xue)會授予(yu)“全(quan)國林業科(ke)(ke)普(pu)基(ji)(ji)地”。2009年(nian)建(jian)立(li)了(le)楊家坪科(ke)(ke)普(pu)展覽廳,2011年(nian)建(jian)立(li)了(le)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)官(guan)方網(wang)(wang)站,創辦了(le)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)內部刊物《小(xiao)五(wu)臺(tai)山(shan)》,2012年(nian)建(jian)立(li)了(le)小(xiao)五(wu)臺(tai)山(shan)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)博物館,在新浪網(wang)(wang)開通(tong)了(le)小(xiao)五(wu)臺(tai)山(shan)官(guan)方微博,為提高(gao)公眾自(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)保(bao)護(hu)意識做(zuo)出(chu)了(le)積極努力。
在長(chang)期的保護(hu)和管理下,區(qu)內植被得到(dao)恢復(fu),生(sheng)(sheng)態環境(jing)得到(dao)改(gai)善,生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多樣性明顯(xian)增加(jia)。保護(hu)區(qu)建立以來,森林覆蓋率由1986年的54.9%增加(jia)到(dao)76.4%。在1999年和2006年,河(he)北師范大(da)學教授(shou)趙(zhao)建成(cheng)先后發(fa)現并命名(ming)苔(tai)蘚(xian)新種中(zhong)華(hua)大(da)帽蘚(xian)和亞(ya)洲大(da)帽蘚(xian)。2008年,中(zhong)科院院士(shi)王文(wen)采發(fa)現并命名(ming)小五臺銀蓮(lian)花。2012年11月,監測發(fa)現多個(ge)褐馬雞(ji)種群,以及勺雞(ji)、赤狐、斑羚、豹貓。2013年4月監測發(fa)現金錢豹華(hua)北亞(ya)種。