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寬(kuan)闊水國(guo)家級(ji)保(bao)護區位于貴州省遵(zun)義市綏陽縣北(bei)部，地理坐標為東(dong)經(jing)107°02′23〞-107°14′09〞，北(bei)緯28°06′25″-28°19′25″，東(dong)西寬(kuan)約(yue)19km，南(nan)北(bei)長(chang)約(yue)20km。保(bao)護區總(zong)面積(ji)為26 231hm2，其功能(neng)區劃為：核(he)心區面積(ji)9 085hm2，緩(huan)沖區面積(ji)6 186hm2，實驗區面積(ji)10 960hm2。

寬(kuan)闊水(shui)國(guo)家(jia)級(ji)自(zi)然保護(hu)區于1989年(nian)建立(li)縣級(ji)保護(hu)區 (綏府〔1989〕24號)，2001年(nian)升格為省級(ji)自(zi)然保護(hu)區 (省編(bian)辦(ban)發〔2001〕205號)，2007年(nian)經(jing)國(guo)務院(yuan)批準建立(li)國(guo)家(jia)級(ji)自(zi)然保護(hu)區 (國(guo)辦(ban)發〔2007〕20號)。

寬(kuan)闊(kuo)水(shui)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家級(ji)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)屬(shu)森(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)和(he)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)類(lei)型自(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)。主(zhu)要(yao)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)對(dui)象為原(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)性(xing)(xing)亮(liang)葉(xie)水(shui)青岡林(lin)(lin)為主(zhu)體的(de)(de)(de)典(dian)型亞(ya)熱(re)帶中山(shan)常綠落葉(xie)闊(kuo)葉(xie)混交林(lin)(lin)、黑(hei)葉(xie)猴(hou)、紅(hong)(hong)腹錦雞種(zhong)(zhong)群(qun)及(ji)其自(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)境以及(ji)大量(liang)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)珍稀動(dong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)。保護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)起源(yuan)古老，原(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)性(xing)(xing)強(qiang)，孤寡種(zhong)(zhong)、特(te)有種(zhong)(zhong)多，自(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)豐富(fu)。經考察，區(qu)內(nei)現已(yi)查明有動(dong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)625科(ke)4133種(zhong)(zhong)，其中國(guo)(guo)(guo)家I級(ji)重點(dian)(dian)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有黑(hei)葉(xie)猴(hou)、豹(bao)、云豹(bao)、林(lin)(lin)麝4種(zhong)(zhong)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)家I級(ji)重點(dian)(dian)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有珙桐、紅(hong)(hong)豆杉、南方紅(hong)(hong)豆杉3種(zhong)(zhong)；有獼猴(hou)、大鯢、鴛(yuan)鴦、水(shui)青樹、黃杉等國(guo)(guo)(guo)家Ⅱ級(ji)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)動(dong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)29種(zhong)(zhong)，貴州省(sheng)省(sheng)級(ji)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)樹種(zhong)(zhong)11種(zhong)(zhong)，還(huan)有被列入《瀕(bin)(bin)危野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)貿易公約(yue)》(CITES) 附錄Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)蘭科(ke)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)21種(zhong)(zhong)和(he)被列入《中國(guo)(guo)(guo)瀕(bin)(bin)危動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)紅(hong)(hong)皮書》的(de)(de)(de)鳥類(lei)7種(zhong)(zhong)。經專家考察鑒證，保護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)內(nei)大面(mian)積在中國(guo)(guo)(guo)乃(nai)至世界具有典(dian)型性(xing)(xing)、代表(biao)性(xing)(xing)、完整性(xing)(xing)和(he)特(te)有性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)性(xing)(xing)亮(liang)葉(xie)水(shui)青岡森(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系統(tong)、位(wei)居全(quan)(quan)球(qiu)種(zhong)(zhong)群(qun)數(shu)量(liang)第(di)二的(de)(de)(de)黑(hei)葉(xie)猴(hou)、全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)分布密度(du)和(he)種(zhong)(zhong)群(qun)數(shu)量(liang)最高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)紅(hong)(hong)腹錦雞、豐富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)、喀(ka)斯(si)特(te)與常態(tai)(tai)侵(qin)蝕并(bing)(bing)存的(de)(de)(de)獨(du)特(te)地(di)(di)貌、頂級(ji)和(he)演替并(bing)(bing)存的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系統(tong)和(he)眾(zhong)多美麗的(de)(de)(de)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)景觀，使保護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)在自(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)、科(ke)研(yan)、教學和(he)旅游(you)方面(mian)有著十(shi)分重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)價值。因此，保護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)不僅是中亞(ya)熱(re)帶山(shan)地(di)(di)森(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系統(tong)結構(gou)功能及(ji)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)研(yan)究的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)，也是中亞(ya)熱(re)帶山(shan)區(qu)重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)天然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)基(ji)(ji)因庫和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)進化研(yan)究基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)、喀(ka)斯(si)特(te)非地(di)(di)帶性(xing)(xing)森(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系統(tong)和(he)地(di)(di)帶性(xing)(xing)森(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系統(tong)動(dong)態(tai)(tai)對(dui)比研(yan)究的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)、理想的(de)(de)(de)野(ye)外鳥類(lei)研(yan)究基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)和(he)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)旅游(you)的(de)(de)(de)勝地(di)(di)。