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寬闊水國家(jia)級保護區位于貴州省遵義市綏陽縣北部，地理坐標為東經107°02′23〞-107°14′09〞，北緯28°06′25″-28°19′25″，東西寬約19km，南北長約20km。保護區總面(mian)積(ji)為26 231hm2，其功(gong)能區劃為：核心區面(mian)積(ji)9 085hm2，緩沖區面(mian)積(ji)6 186hm2，實(shi)驗區面(mian)積(ji)10 960hm2。

寬闊水國(guo)家(jia)級(ji)自然保(bao)護區(qu)于1989年(nian)建立縣級(ji)保(bao)護區(qu) (綏(sui)府(fu)〔1989〕24號)，2001年(nian)升格為省級(ji)自然保(bao)護區(qu) (省編辦(ban)發〔2001〕205號)，2007年(nian)經國(guo)務(wu)院批準建立國(guo)家(jia)級(ji)自然保(bao)護區(qu) (國(guo)辦(ban)發〔2007〕20號)。

寬(kuan)闊水國(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)級保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)屬森(sen)(sen)林(lin)和(he)(he)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)類(lei)型自(zi)然(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。主要(yao)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)對(dui)象為原(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)亮葉(xie)(xie)(xie)水青(qing)(qing)岡(gang)林(lin)為主體的(de)(de)典型亞熱帶中(zhong)山常綠落葉(xie)(xie)(xie)闊葉(xie)(xie)(xie)混交林(lin)、黑葉(xie)(xie)(xie)猴、紅腹錦(jin)雞種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)群(qun)及(ji)其(qi)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)境以及(ji)大(da)(da)量野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)珍(zhen)稀動(dong)(dong)植物(wu)。保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)起(qi)源古老，原(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)強，孤寡種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、特(te)有(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)多(duo)，自(zi)然(ran)(ran)資(zi)源豐富。經考(kao)察，區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內現已查(cha)明有(you)動(dong)(dong)植物(wu)資(zi)源625科(ke)4133種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)中(zhong)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)I級重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)有(you)黑葉(xie)(xie)(xie)猴、豹(bao)、云豹(bao)、林(lin)麝4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，國(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)I級重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)植物(wu)有(you)珙桐(tong)、紅豆(dou)杉、南(nan)方紅豆(dou)杉3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；有(you)獼猴、大(da)(da)鯢、鴛鴦、水青(qing)(qing)樹(shu)(shu)、黃杉等國(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)Ⅱ級保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)動(dong)(dong)植物(wu)29種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，貴州(zhou)省省級保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)樹(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，還有(you)被列(lie)(lie)入(ru)(ru)《瀕危(wei)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)植物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)際貿易(yi)公約》(CITES) 附(fu)錄Ⅱ的(de)(de)蘭科(ke)植物(wu)21種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)被列(lie)(lie)入(ru)(ru)《中(zhong)國(guo)瀕危(wei)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)紅皮書(shu)》的(de)(de)鳥(niao)類(lei)7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。經專(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)(jia)考(kao)察鑒證(zheng)，保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內大(da)(da)面(mian)積在中(zhong)國(guo)乃至世界具有(you)典型性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、代表性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、完整(zheng)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)特(te)有(you)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)亮葉(xie)(xie)(xie)水青(qing)(qing)岡(gang)森(sen)(sen)林(lin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態系統(tong)、位居全球種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)群(qun)數量第(di)二的(de)(de)黑葉(xie)(xie)(xie)猴、全國(guo)分布密度(du)和(he)(he)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)群(qun)數量最高的(de)(de)紅腹錦(jin)雞、豐富的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)資(zi)源、喀斯特(te)與常態侵蝕并(bing)存的(de)(de)獨(du)特(te)地(di)(di)貌、頂級和(he)(he)演(yan)替并(bing)存的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態系統(tong)和(he)(he)眾多(duo)美麗(li)的(de)(de)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)景觀，使保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)在自(zi)然(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)、科(ke)研(yan)(yan)(yan)、教學和(he)(he)旅(lv)游方面(mian)有(you)著(zhu)十(shi)分重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)價值。因此，保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)不僅是中(zhong)亞熱帶山地(di)(di)森(sen)(sen)林(lin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態系統(tong)結(jie)構功能及(ji)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)植物(wu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)基地(di)(di)，也是中(zhong)亞熱帶山區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)天然(ran)(ran)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基因庫和(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)進化研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)基地(di)(di)、喀斯特(te)非地(di)(di)帶性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)森(sen)(sen)林(lin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態系統(tong)和(he)(he)地(di)(di)帶性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)森(sen)(sen)林(lin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態系統(tong)動(dong)(dong)態對(dui)比研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)基地(di)(di)、理想的(de)(de)野(ye)(ye)外(wai)鳥(niao)類(lei)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)基地(di)(di)和(he)(he)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態旅(lv)游的(de)(de)勝地(di)(di)。