景觀地址
四(si)川(chuan)江(jiang)油(you)國家地(di)(di)質(zhi)公園地(di)(di)處龍門(men)山(shan)北段,位于(yu)四(si)川(chuan)省江(jiang)油(you)市,緊鄰(lin)北川(chuan)縣(xian)、平(ping)武縣(xian),面積(ji)116.0km2,由竇(dou)圌(chui)山(shan)、佛爺洞(dong)、觀霧山(shan)、吳(wu)家后山(shan)四(si)個(ge)主要景區組(zu)成(cheng)。公園內是以丹霞地(di)(di)貌、泥盆系(xi)標準(zhun)紀地(di)(di)質(zhi)剖面和巖(yan)溶(rong)景觀為主要特色,并有優美的生態(tai)環境和豐富的歷(li)史(shi)人(ren)文景觀相配套的綜合性(xing)大型地(di)(di)質(zhi)公園。
地貌景觀
園內竇圌山是國內罕見的(de)典型(xing)的(de)巖溶(rong)化礫(li)巖丹霞地貌,以飛(fei)仙峰(feng)(feng)、問(wen)月峰(feng)(feng)、神(shen)斧峰(feng)(feng)三(san)峰(feng)(feng)為典型(xing)景觀(guan),是由鈣質膠結的(de)巨厚層礫(li)巖經喜馬拉雅運(yun)動抬(tai)升后,沿構(gou)造裂(lie)隙不(bu)斷剝蝕(shi)、溶(rong)蝕(shi)和崩塌而(er)形成的(de)石(shi)柱、石(shi)門、石(shi)墻、孤峰(feng)(feng)、駝峰(feng)(feng)、一(yi)線天(tian)等丹霞地貌景觀(guan),又稱為類巖溶(rong)景觀(guan)。主峰(feng)(feng)由神(shen)斧峰(feng)(feng)、飛(fei)仙峰(feng)(feng)、問(wen)月峰(feng)(feng)三(san)峰(feng)(feng)相伴而(er)立,峰(feng)(feng)峰(feng)(feng)之間以鐵索(suo)相連,“鐵索(suo)飛(fei)渡(du)”乃中(zhong)華一(yi)絕。
四川(chuan)江油(you)國(guo)家(jia)地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)公(gong)園內(nei)泥(ni)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)系(xi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)標準(zhun)地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)剖(pou)(pou)(pou)(pou)面(mian)以(yi)其出露完整、地(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)層(ceng)序清楚、沉(chen)積環境(jing)標志明(ming)顯、古(gu)(gu)生物化(hua)(hua)石(shi)群(qun)落豐富(fu)而(er)著稱。自1931年(nian)以(yi)來,先(xian)后(hou)吸引了黃汲(ji)清、趙亞增、朱森(sen)等多位(wei)國(guo)內(nei)著名地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)學家(jia)和(he)成(cheng)都地(di)(di)(di)(di)礦(kuang)所(suo)等專業科研(yan)(yan)(yan)單(dan)位(wei)前來調查、研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)。地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)公(gong)園剖(pou)(pou)(pou)(pou)面(mian)屬(shu)于典(dian)型的(de)濱海(hai)和(he)淺海(hai)沉(chen)積剖(pou)(pou)(pou)(pou)面(mian),剖(pou)(pou)(pou)(pou)面(mian)上(shang)泥(ni)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)系(xi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)累計厚(hou)度達4720m,分為16個(ge)(ge)組級和(he)14個(ge)(ge)段級的(de)巖石(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)單(dan)位(wei)。剖(pou)(pou)(pou)(pou)面(mian)上(shang)碳酸鹽巖和(he)碎屑巖層(ceng)中(zhong)含有(you)(you)內(nei)容豐富(fu)、種類齊(qi)全的(de)珊瑚類、腕足類、介形類、層(ceng)孔蟲、牙形石(shi)等古(gu)(gu)生物化(hua)(hua)石(shi),實體化(hua)(hua)石(shi)有(you)(you)12個(ge)(ge)類、92個(ge)(ge)科、382個(ge)(ge)屬(shu)、945個(ge)(ge)種,遺跡化(hua)(hua)石(shi)有(you)(you)15個(ge)(ge)屬(shu)、18個(ge)(ge)種。著名地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)學家(jia)樂森(sen)璕在公(gong)園內(nei)的(de)觀(guan)霧山一帶發現了3億年(nian)前的(de)魚(yu)類化(hua)(hua)石(shi)——樂氏江油(you)魚(yu)。地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)公(gong)園剖(pou)(pou)(pou)(pou)面(mian)是我(wo)國(guo)泥(ni)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)紀(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)累計厚(hou)度最(zui)大、最(zui)完整的(de)標準(zhun)地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)剖(pou)(pou)(pou)(pou)面(mian),對研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)我(wo)國(guo)西南地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)泥(ni)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)紀(ji)的(de)古(gu)(gu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)、古(gu)(gu)氣候(hou)和(he)古(gu)(gu)環境(jing)等有(you)(you)著非常重要的(de)意義,目前已成(cheng)為我(wo)國(guo)乃至全球泥(ni)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)系(xi)重要的(de)對比剖(pou)(pou)(pou)(pou)面(mian),是國(guo)內(nei)外(wai)重要的(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)和(he)教(jiao)學剖(pou)(pou)(pou)(pou)面(mian),具(ju)有(you)(you)極高的(de)科研(yan)(yan)(yan)價值和(he)觀(guan)賞價值。
四川江油國(guo)家(jia)地質公園內(nei)峰(feng)叢洼地、天坑、溶(rong)(rong)(rong)溝(gou)、石芽、石柱、溶(rong)(rong)(rong)洞(dong)及其洞(dong)穴堆積物(wu)等(deng)巖(yan)(yan)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)景觀(guan)(guan)和(he)流水景觀(guan)(guan)極為壯觀(guan)(guan),巖(yan)(yan)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)漏(lou)斗(dou)發(fa)育最(zui)為密(mi)集(ji),發(fa)育有巖(yan)(yan)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)漏(lou)斗(dou)250余個,平均密(mi)度3~4個/km2,為四川省巖(yan)(yan)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)漏(lou)斗(dou)最(zui)密(mi)集(ji)的(de)(de)景區(qu)之一。漏(lou)斗(dou)類型多樣,形態各異,漏(lou)斗(dou)間多有溶(rong)(rong)(rong)洞(dong)或落水洞(dong)相連(lian),構成了(le)觀(guan)(guan)霧山和(he)吳家(jia)后山頂(ding)巖(yan)(yan)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)漏(lou)斗(dou)群(qun)和(he)“地下迷宮(gong)”。園區(qu)內(nei)發(fa)育溶(rong)(rong)(rong)洞(dong)近100處,以佛(fo)爺洞(dong)、白龍宮(gong)、金光洞(dong)、銀光洞(dong)、猿王洞(dong)、靈泉洞(dong)、大(da)水洞(dong)、風洞(dong)子等(deng)最(zui)為典型、壯觀(guan)(guan)。溶(rong)(rong)(rong)洞(dong)一般分布在高(gao)程1800m、1400m、600m左右的(de)(de)三個帶上,最(zui)大(da)洞(dong)長15km,水平巖(yan)(yan)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)和(he)垂直巖(yan)(yan)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)交替發(fa)育,反(fan)映了(le)地殼的(de)(de)上升與停歇期,具有很高(gao)的(de)(de)科考探(tan)險和(he)旅(lv)游價值。溶(rong)(rong)(rong)洞(dong)內(nei)化學(xue)堆積物(wu)千姿百(bai)態,石鐘乳、石筍(sun)、石幔、石柱、石花(hua)等(deng)妙趣橫生(sheng),落差達百(bai)米的(de)(de)白鶴洞(dong)洞(dong)內(nei)瀑布氣勢磅礴,在國(guo)內(nei)十分罕見。
位(wei)于唐(tang)王(wang)寨向斜(xie)軸部(bu)(bu)的(de)青合天坑,平面(mian)形(xing)(xing)狀近于圓形(xing)(xing),形(xing)(xing)態保(bao)存完整(zheng),口(kou)部(bu)(bu)直徑150m,深近100m,四(si)周直立,尤如(ru)刀劈斧砍,坑壁(bi)懸掛成(cheng)串成(cheng)枝絢麗多彩(cai)(cai)的(de)野花,與藤(teng)蔓(man)植物(wu)交織,形(xing)(xing)似(si)多彩(cai)(cai)的(de)掛毯。園內石芽或出露(lu)在地表或埋藏于土中(zhong)(zhong),形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)許多似(si)人、似(si)獸以及(ji)其它類型的(de)象形(xing)(xing)石景(jing),點綴于茫(mang)茫(mang)峰林、石海之中(zhong)(zhong),使原始的(de)自然景(jing)觀更增幾(ji)分姿(zi)色。
四川江油國家地質(zhi)公園(yuan)內峽(xia)(xia)谷(gu)、溝壑縱橫,奇(qi)峰林立,景(jing)色蔚為壯(zhuang)觀(guan)。二郎(lang)峽(xia)(xia)是(shi)園(yuan)區內最(zui)為壯(zhuang)觀(guan)的峽(xia)(xia)谷(gu),峽(xia)(xia)長20多km,深1800m,兩岸尤若(ruo)刀切斧砍,陡峭(qiao)險峻,是(shi)典型(xing)的裂隙(xi)溶蝕(shi)、侵蝕(shi)和沿“X”型(xing)裂隙(xi)追蹤而(er)成(cheng)的峽(xia)(xia)谷(gu)。峽(xia)(xia)谷(gu)壁上樹(shu)根(gen)藤枝纏繞,谷(gu)底滾石遍布(bu),時有(you)猴群等(deng)動物出(chu)沒(mei)其(qi)間,獸吼鳥鳴,增添(tian)了峽(xia)(xia)谷(gu)神秘氣(qi)氛。形(xing)態(tai)各異(yi)的白鶴峽(xia)(xia)尾部形(xing)成(cheng)一(yi)猶如甕形(xing)的神奇(qi)地貌景(jing)觀(guan),瀑潭相伴,忽明忽滅,疊(die)次出(chu)現,引(yin)人入(ru)勝。
園(yuan)區內(nei)(nei)龍(long)門山體推覆構(gou)造(zao)遺跡保存完整,褶皺和斷裂發育,是研究龍(long)門山推覆構(gou)造(zao)的(de)理想(xiang)地區。唐王寨向斜(xie)是園(yuan)區內(nei)(nei)最大最完整的(de)褶曲(qu),為一典(dian)型的(de)箱狀褶曲(qu),褶曲(qu)西起(qi)北川通口,東止江(jiang)油白洋洞,長(chang)約60km,寬5~13km,軸(zhou)面直立(li),兩翼不對稱,在(zai)白石(shi)溝處,由(you)涪江(jiang)切(qie)蝕所(suo)露出的(de)唐王寨向斜(xie)軸(zhou)部(bu)巖層與綠(lv)色(se)的(de)植被,構(gou)成(cheng)了一幅幅秀(xiu)麗的(de)山水畫卷。
地質公園所在地江油市(shi)是我國(guo)唐代(dai)大詩人李白的(de)故里,地處九寨溝、黃龍國(guo)際(ji)旅(lv)(lv)游(you)環(huan)線和劍門蜀道旅(lv)(lv)游(you)線上(shang),生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境優(you)美(mei),歷史人文景觀豐(feng)富,江油市(shi)在2004年獲得了“中國(guo)優(you)秀旅(lv)(lv)游(you)城市(shi)”的(de)稱號。目(mu)前公園景區已經建成國(guo)家劍門蜀道和九寨、黃龍旅(lv)(lv)游(you)環(huan)線上(shang)的(de)重(zhong)要風景名(ming)勝(sheng)區,以奇、險(xian)、幽、秀的(de)特色吸引(yin)著中外游(you)客。
人文景觀
四川江油國(guo)(guo)家(jia)地質(zhi)公(gong)園(yuan)內(nei)(nei)人文(wen)景(jing)觀(guan)資源(yuan)有(you)李(li)白(bai)故里(li)、道(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)文(wen)化、佛教(jiao)(jiao)文(wen)化、古(gu)寺(si)(si)(si)廟(miao)(miao)建(jian)(jian)筑和(he)火(huo)(huo)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)制(zhi)造等(deng)。李(li)白(bai)故里(li)包括(kuo)青蓮場(chang)李(li)白(bai)故里(li)、市(shi)區李(li)白(bai)紀念(nian)館(guan)、太(tai)白(bai)公(gong)園(yuan)、海燈武(wu)館(guan)、匡山(shan)(shan)(shan)書院(yuan)及太(tai)白(bai)洞(dong)(dong)等(deng)景(jing)點。江油市(shi)是(shi)(shi)道(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)文(wen)化的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)源(yuan)地之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi),金(jin)光(guang)洞(dong)(dong)為著(zhu)(zhu)名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)道(dao)(dao)家(jia)洞(dong)(dong)府,元末明(ming)初的(de)(de)(de)道(dao)(dao)士張(zhang)三豐曾隱(yin)于洞(dong)(dong)中修(xiu)煉(lian),明(ming)清以來,翠屏(ping)山(shan)(shan)(shan)哪吒廟(miao)(miao)出現興盛一(yi)(yi)時的(de)(de)(de)著(zhu)(zhu)名(ming)道(dao)(dao)觀(guan)。佛教(jiao)(jiao)傳(chuan)入(ru)江油的(de)(de)(de)歷史十(shi)分悠久,早在佛教(jiao)(jiao)剛從印度傳(chuan)入(ru)中國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)年代,觀(guan)霧山(shan)(shan)(shan)普(pu)賢(xian)頂便建(jian)(jian)有(you)寺(si)(si)(si)廟(miao)(miao)。園(yuan)區內(nei)(nei)古(gu)建(jian)(jian)筑很(hen)多,有(you)云(yun)巖(yan)寺(si)(si)(si)、普(pu)賢(xian)寺(si)(si)(si)、玄中寺(si)(si)(si)、極樂堂、李(li)白(bai)讀書臺等(deng)。竇圌山(shan)(shan)(shan)云(yun)巖(yan)寺(si)(si)(si)是(shi)(shi)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)重點文(wen)物保(bao)護(hu)單位(wei)(wei),已(yi)有(you)近千年歷史,被稱(cheng)為鎮山(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)寶的(de)(de)(de)“飛天藏”是(shi)(shi)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)一(yi)(yi)級保(bao)護(hu)文(wen)物,該文(wen)物是(shi)(shi)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)僅有(you)的(de)(de)(de)、保(bao)護(hu)完好的(de)(de)(de)宋代道(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)純木質(zhi)轉輪經藏。普(pu)賢(xian)寺(si)(si)(si)位(wei)(wei)于觀(guan)霧山(shan)(shan)(shan)普(pu)顯頂,主要由(you)(you)普(pu)賢(xian)殿,觀(guan)音殿、大雄金(jin)殿等(deng)組成,寺(si)(si)(si)廟(miao)(miao)清悠。玄中寺(si)(si)(si)位(wei)(wei)于吳家(jia)后山(shan)(shan)(shan),寺(si)(si)(si)廟(miao)(miao)修(xiu)建(jian)(jian)在500m高的(de)(de)(de)絕壁之(zhi)(zhi)上(shang),鑲嵌在由(you)(you)軟弱泥巖(yan)形成的(de)(de)(de)巖(yan)腔之(zhi)(zhi)中,是(shi)(shi)人間的(de)(de)(de)仙境(jing)。江油市(shi)還是(shi)(shi)火(huo)(huo)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)發(fa)(fa)明(ming)的(de)(de)(de)故鄉(xiang),公(gong)園(yuan)內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)白(bai)鶴洞(dong)(dong)、硝洞(dong)(dong)子等(deng)溶洞(dong)(dong)內(nei)(nei)均(jun)發(fa)(fa)現有(you)煉(lian)硝的(de)(de)(de)遺(yi)跡,公(gong)園(yuan)東北側的(de)(de)(de)老(lao)君山(shan)(shan)(shan)已(yi)探明(ming)古(gu)人制(zhi)硝的(de)(de)(de)溶洞(dong)(dong)25個,是(shi)(shi)目(mu)前(qian)國(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)發(fa)(fa)現的(de)(de)(de)年代最久遠、規模(mo)最大的(de)(de)(de)煉(lian)硝和(he)火(huo)(huo)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)制(zhi)造遺(yi)址。
江油(you)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)地(di)質公(gong)園內(nei)生態環境優(you)越,動植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)資源較為(wei)豐富(fu),已發現的(de)有(you)420多種(zhong)(zhong),有(you)大熊貓(mao)、扭角(jiao)羚、獼猴、金(jin)雕、珙桐、紅豆杉等大量的(de)野(ye)生動植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)及珍稀(xi)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)。其(qi)中國(guo)家(jia)(jia)一級重點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)動物(wu)(wu)7種(zhong)(zhong),國(guo)家(jia)(jia)二級重點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)動物(wu)(wu)25種(zhong)(zhong),國(guo)家(jia)(jia)一級重點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)5種(zhong)(zhong),國(guo)家(jia)(jia)二級重點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)14種(zhong)(zhong),國(guo)家(jia)(jia)環保(bao)局公(gong)布的(de)珍稀(xi)瀕危保(bao)護(hu)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)6種(zhong)(zhong)。
四川(chuan)江油(you)國家地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)公園(yuan)在(zai)漫長的(de)地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)演(yan)化(hua)中,形(xing)成了(le)奇(qi)特的(de)地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)遺跡(ji)和地(di)(di)(di)貌景(jing)觀(guan)(guan),公園(yuan)融合(he)了(le)國內罕(han)見的(de)以(yi)礫巖(yan)(yan)丹霞地(di)(di)(di)貌為(wei)(wei)(wei)核心,以(yi)巖(yan)(yan)溶(rong)(rong)地(di)(di)(di)貌為(wei)(wei)(wei)導向性(xing)(xing)景(jing)觀(guan)(guan),主要是巖(yan)(yan)溶(rong)(rong)漏斗、巖(yan)(yan)溶(rong)(rong)洼地(di)(di)(di)、落水洞和多層溶(rong)(rong)洞的(de)有機(ji)結合(he),以(yi)泥盆系標(biao)準地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)剖面、豐富(fu)的(de)古(gu)(gu)生(sheng)物化(hua)石群落為(wei)(wei)(wei)特色,并有川(chuan)西北民俗(su)風情(qing)、優美生(sheng)態和古(gu)(gu)老文(wen)(wen)化(hua)等(deng)配套資源為(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)體的(de)大(da)型綜合(he)性(xing)(xing)地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)公園(yuan)。園(yuan)區內還有以(yi)李白文(wen)(wen)化(hua)、三國文(wen)(wen)化(hua)、宗教文(wen)(wen)化(hua)為(wei)(wei)(wei)代表的(de)豐富(fu)的(de)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)和人文(wen)(wen)景(jing)觀(guan)(guan),有良好的(de)生(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)和社會環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)。
開發(fa)四川江油(you)國家級地(di)(di)質公園(yuan),是功在(zai)當代、造福子孫(sun)的事(shi)業,也是地(di)(di)質環境工作服務社會和(he)經(jing)(jing)濟發(fa)展(zhan)的重要方面。可(ke)(ke)以有(you)效(xiao)地(di)(di)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區內地(di)(di)質遺跡(ji),把地(di)(di)質遺跡(ji)作為旅游資源進行有(you)效(xiao)開發(fa)利用,發(fa)揮其經(jing)(jing)濟價值(zhi),并且做到“在(zai)開發(fa)中(zhong)保(bao)護(hu)(hu),在(zai)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)中(zhong)開發(fa)”,這樣對江油(you)市經(jing)(jing)濟,促進綿陽及(ji)周邊(bian)地(di)(di)區經(jing)(jing)濟的可(ke)(ke)持(chi)續發(fa)展(zhan)都具有(you)重要意義(yi)。