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地質

大青山山地為塊(kuai)狀斷裂的(de)中等高度的(de)山地，一般海拔為1500—— 2100米(mi)，西部的(de)九峰(feng)山，可高達海拔2338米(mi)，相對高度100——700米(mi)。山地的(de)基巖及地表組成(cheng)物質是由花崗巖、片麻巖、片巖、頁巖、砂礫巖以及殘積(ji)、坡積(ji)層、洪積(ji)砂礫層構成(cheng)。

生態

巖(yan)(yan)(yan)石主要(yao)由(you)太古代(dai)、元古代(dai)的(de)(de)片麻巖(yan)(yan)(yan)、大(da)理巖(yan)(yan)(yan)、石英(ying)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)和古生代(dai)、中(zhong)生代(dai)的(de)(de)砂頁巖(yan)(yan)(yan)、礫巖(yan)(yan)(yan)所(suo)組成(cheng)。大(da)青山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)南(nan)北坡(po)(po)(po)不對稱，北坡(po)(po)(po)平緩， 剝(bo)蝕殘余的(de)(de)低(di)(di)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)丘陵和盆地(di)(di)交(jiao)錯分布，逐漸與內(nei)蒙古高原(yuan)連(lian)在一起(qi)；南(nan)坡(po)(po)(po)陡峭，為(wei)(wei)明顯的(de)(de)構(gou)造(zao)斷(duan)塊地(di)(di)形，斷(duan)層崖被侵蝕切割，形成(cheng)一系列斷(duan)裂三角面(mian)，形勢險峻(jun)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)麓(lu)分布有侵蝕殘余的(de)(de)低(di)(di)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)和眾多的(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)溝，雨后(hou)(hou)洪(hong)流(liu)破山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)而出(chu)，造(zao)成(cheng)復式帶(dai)狀洪(hong)積扇(shan)裙(qun)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)溝為(wei)(wei)流(liu)水(shui)侵蝕成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)寬谷后(hou)(hou)，往往形成(cheng)前(qian)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)與后(hou)(hou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)交(jiao)通孔道。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)上(shang)和山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)后(hou)(hou)氣溫(wen)(wen)較(jiao)低(di)(di)，年均溫(wen)(wen)0～4℃，山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峰與山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)麓(lu)相(xiang)(xiang)差4℃左(zuo)右，無霜期較(jiao)短，山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)上(shang)和山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)后(hou)(hou)約(yue)為(wei)(wei)100天，比(bi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)前(qian)生長季約(yue)短1個月(yue)。以呼和浩(hao)特和武川相(xiang)(xiang)比(bi)，兩地(di)(di)直線距離僅40公(gong)里，年降水(shui)量相(xiang)(xiang)差76毫米(mi)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈的(de)(de)屏障(zhang)作(zuo)用甚(shen)為(wei)(wei)明顯。大(da)青山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)森(sen)林(lin)覆(fu)蓋率為(wei)(wei)11.5%。陰坡(po)(po)(po)海(hai)拔(ba)1100米(mi)左(zuo)右為(wei)(wei)干(gan)草(cao)(cao)原(yuan)；1200 米(mi)以上(shang)出(chu)現(xian)灌(guan)叢及(ji)(ji)稀疏杜松林(lin)；1300～1500米(mi)有油(you)松、 側柏、杜松混交(jiao)林(lin)；1500～2000米(mi)有油(you)松、山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)楊(yang)、遼東櫟混交(jiao)林(lin)和云杉(shan)、白樺、山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)楊(yang)混交(jiao)林(lin)及(ji)(ji)油(you)松和云杉(shan)純林(lin)。陽坡(po)(po)(po)1500米(mi)以下為(wei)(wei)干(gan)草(cao)(cao)原(yuan)，1800米(mi)以上(shang)為(wei)(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)草(cao)(cao)甸草(cao)(cao)原(yuan)。土(tu)壤為(wei)(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)栗鈣土(tu)─山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)典型棕褐(he)土(tu)─山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)淋溶褐(he)土(tu)─山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)草(cao)(cao)甸草(cao)(cao)原(yuan)土(tu)。北麓(lu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)間盆地(di)(di)和灘川地(di)(di)的(de)(de)水(shui)土(tu)條件較(jiao) 好，耕地(di)(di)擴展很(hen)快(kuai)，上(shang)限已達海(hai)拔(ba)1850米(mi)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)前(qian)丘陵和洪(hong)積扇(shan)地(di)(di)帶(dai)為(wei)(wei)半農半牧區。

內蒙古(gu)大青(qing)山南部濕(shi)地(di)鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)共記錄126種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，錄屬于(yu)16目(mu)37科74屬。水鳥(niao)(niao)72種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(57.1%)。候(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)共110種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(87.3%)，其中(zhong)夏候(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)58種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、旅鳥(niao)(niao)52種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。74種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)繁(fan)殖鳥(niao)(niao)中(zhong)古(gu)北種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)58種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(78.4%)、東洋種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(10.8%)、廣布種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(10.8%)，鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)組成(cheng)(cheng)明顯(xian)以古(gu)北界(jie)(jie)成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)為(wei)主。該區域(yu)有國家重點保護鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)20種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。記錄大青(qing)山南部新分(fen)布紀錄鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)19種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。濕(shi)地(di)作為(wei)一個隱域(yu)性景觀難以作為(wei)動物地(di)理區劃界(jie)(jie)線的依(yi)據。

歷史

大(da)(da)青山(shan)(shan)抗(kang)日(ri)根(gen)據(ju)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)位于武川(chuan)縣得勝(sheng)溝鄉的最南端(duan)，大(da)(da)青山(shan)(shan)深處，轄地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面積(ji)496.0平(ping)方公(gong)里，距(ju)呼和(he)(he)浩(hao)特(te)市約70公(gong)里，是全國著(zhu)名的革(ge)(ge)命(ming)老區(qu)，是國家100個景(jing)(jing)點(dian)項目(mu)之一(yi)(yi)。開辟這一(yi)(yi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)，使其與晉西(xi)(xi)北抗(kang)日(ri)根(gen)據(ju)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)連成一(yi)(yi)片，對堅持(chi)綏(sui)遠抗(kang)戰(zhan)，牽制日(ri)軍向(xiang)大(da)(da)西(xi)(xi)北的進攻，掩護八路軍在敵(di)后抗(kang)戰(zhan)的翼側，具有(you)重(zhong)要意義。抗(kang)戰(zhan)年代，得勝(sheng)溝鄉得勝(sheng)溝村(cun)一(yi)(yi)直是大(da)(da)青山(shan)(shan)抗(kang)日(ri)根(gen)據(ju)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的指揮中(zhong)心，被(bei)稱為“塞外小延(yan)安”，此地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)山(shan)(shan)大(da)(da)溝深，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形險(xian)要，是當年大(da)(da)青山(shan)(shan)支隊(dui)司令部、綏(sui)遠省委(wei)、省行署機關的駐扎地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，現有(you)司令部、衛生隊(dui)、教導(dao)隊(dui)、電(dian)臺等(deng)(deng)遺(yi)(yi)址，李井泉(quan)(quan)、姚喆、黃厚、楊植林(lin)等(deng)(deng)領導(dao)人(ren)住過的窯(yao)洞和(he)(he)辦公(gong)用的石(shi)磨、樹墩，存有(you)八路軍作戰(zhan)使用過的電(dian)臺、戰(zhan)刀、手榴彈(dan)、馬蹬、火(huo)(huo)盆、糧食袋、火(huo)(huo)鐮等(deng)(deng)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)歷史珍(zhen)貴文(wen)物(wu)(wu)。1964年被(bei)內蒙古自(zi)治區(qu)政府列為重(zhong)點(dian)文(wen)物(wu)(wu)保護單位。在景(jing)(jing)區(qu)內留下一(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)批革(ge)(ge)命(ming)前輩戎馬生涯的足跡(ji)(ji)，留下了(le)大(da)(da)青山(shan)(shan)抗(kang)日(ri)軍民奮(fen)勇殺(sha)敵(di)、可歌可泣的英雄事跡(ji)(ji)。景(jing)(jing)區(qu)內除了(le)眾多的革(ge)(ge)命(ming)遺(yi)(yi)存，自(zi)然(ran)(ran)風景(jing)(jing)十分獨特(te)，溝溝相(xiang)連、溪(xi)泉(quan)(quan)纏(chan)繞，水秀山(shan)(shan)青，山(shan)(shan)壑交疊(die)，峰聳入云，山(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)有(you)景(jing)(jing)，萬木崢嶸(rong)，野獸出沒，有(you)獅子嘴(zui)、石(shi)門、佛爺(ye)洞、晾人(ren)臺、響沙灣、虎頭山(shan)(shan)、板嘴(zui)石(shi)窯(yao)等(deng)(deng)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)景(jing)(jing)點(dian)，各景(jing)(jing)點(dian)均以“奇、雄、特(te)、險(xian)”取勝(sheng)，集自(zi)然(ran)(ran)景(jing)(jing)觀和(he)(he)人(ren)文(wen)景(jing)(jing)觀于一(yi)(yi)體，以紅(hong)帶綠(lv)，紅(hong)綠(lv)相(xiang)互輝映。