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地質

大青山山地(di)(di)為(wei)塊狀斷裂的中等高(gao)度的山地(di)(di)，一般海(hai)拔為(wei)1500—— 2100米(mi)，西部的九峰山，可(ke)高(gao)達(da)海(hai)拔2338米(mi)，相對高(gao)度100——700米(mi)。山地(di)(di)的基巖(yan)及(ji)地(di)(di)表組成物質是由花崗巖(yan)、片麻(ma)巖(yan)、片巖(yan)、頁巖(yan)、砂礫巖(yan)以(yi)及(ji)殘積(ji)、坡(po)積(ji)層(ceng)、洪積(ji)砂礫層(ceng)構成。

生態

巖(yan)石主要由太古代、元(yuan)古代的(de)(de)(de)片麻(ma)巖(yan)、大(da)(da)理巖(yan)、石英巖(yan)和(he)(he)古生代、中(zhong)生代的(de)(de)(de)砂頁巖(yan)、礫巖(yan)所組(zu)成。大(da)(da)青山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)南北(bei)(bei)坡(po)不對稱(cheng)，北(bei)(bei)坡(po)平緩， 剝蝕(shi)殘(can)余的(de)(de)(de)低山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)丘陵和(he)(he)盆地(di)(di)(di)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)錯(cuo)分布，逐(zhu)漸與(yu)內(nei)蒙古高原連在(zai)一(yi)起；南坡(po)陡峭，為(wei)(wei)(wei)明(ming)顯的(de)(de)(de)構造斷塊(kuai)地(di)(di)(di)形(xing)(xing)，斷層崖(ya)被侵(qin)蝕(shi)切割，形(xing)(xing)成一(yi)系列(lie)斷裂三角面(mian)，形(xing)(xing)勢險峻。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)麓(lu)分布有(you)(you)侵(qin)蝕(shi)殘(can)余的(de)(de)(de)低山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)和(he)(he)眾多的(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)溝，雨(yu)后(hou)洪流破山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)而出，造成復(fu)式帶狀洪積扇(shan)裙(qun)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)溝為(wei)(wei)(wei)流水侵(qin)蝕(shi)成為(wei)(wei)(wei)寬谷(gu)后(hou)，往(wang)往(wang)形(xing)(xing)成前山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)與(yu)后(hou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通孔道。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)上(shang)和(he)(he)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)后(hou)氣溫較低，年均溫0～4℃，山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峰與(yu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)麓(lu)相差4℃左右，無(wu)霜期較短，山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)上(shang)和(he)(he)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)后(hou)約(yue)為(wei)(wei)(wei)100天，比山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)前生長季(ji)約(yue)短1個(ge)月。以呼(hu)和(he)(he)浩特(te)和(he)(he)武川相比，兩地(di)(di)(di)直線距離僅40公里，年降水量(liang)相差76毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈的(de)(de)(de)屏障作(zuo)用甚(shen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)明(ming)顯。大(da)(da)青山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)森林(lin)覆蓋率為(wei)(wei)(wei)11.5%。陰坡(po)海拔1100米(mi)(mi)左右為(wei)(wei)(wei)干(gan)草(cao)原；1200 米(mi)(mi)以上(shang)出現灌叢及(ji)(ji)稀(xi)疏(shu)杜松(song)林(lin)；1300～1500米(mi)(mi)有(you)(you)油(you)松(song)、 側(ce)柏、杜松(song)混(hun)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)林(lin)；1500～2000米(mi)(mi)有(you)(you)油(you)松(song)、山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)楊、遼東櫟混(hun)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)林(lin)和(he)(he)云杉、白(bai)樺、山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)楊混(hun)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)林(lin)及(ji)(ji)油(you)松(song)和(he)(he)云杉純林(lin)。陽坡(po)1500米(mi)(mi)以下為(wei)(wei)(wei)干(gan)草(cao)原，1800米(mi)(mi)以上(shang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)草(cao)甸(dian)草(cao)原。土(tu)壤為(wei)(wei)(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)栗鈣土(tu)─山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)典(dian)型棕褐土(tu)─山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)淋溶褐土(tu)─山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)草(cao)甸(dian)草(cao)原土(tu)。北(bei)(bei)麓(lu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)間(jian)盆地(di)(di)(di)和(he)(he)灘川地(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)水土(tu)條件較 好，耕地(di)(di)(di)擴展很快，上(shang)限(xian)已(yi)達海拔1850米(mi)(mi)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)前丘陵和(he)(he)洪積扇(shan)地(di)(di)(di)帶為(wei)(wei)(wei)半(ban)農半(ban)牧區(qu)。

內(nei)蒙(meng)古大青山南(nan)部(bu)濕地(di)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)共(gong)記錄(lu)126種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，錄(lu)屬(shu)于16目37科(ke)74屬(shu)。水鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)72種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(57.1%)。候鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)共(gong)110種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(87.3%)，其中夏(xia)候鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)58種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、旅鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)52種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。74種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)繁殖鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)中古北(bei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)58種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(78.4%)、東(dong)洋種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(10.8%)、廣布(bu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(10.8%)，鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)組成(cheng)明(ming)顯以(yi)古北(bei)界(jie)成(cheng)分為(wei)主。該區(qu)域(yu)有國(guo)家重點保護鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)20種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。記錄(lu)大青山南(nan)部(bu)新分布(bu)紀錄(lu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)19種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。濕地(di)作為(wei)一(yi)個(ge)隱域(yu)性景觀(guan)難以(yi)作為(wei)動物地(di)理(li)區(qu)劃界(jie)線的依據。

歷史

大(da)青山(shan)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)日(ri)根據(ju)(ju)地位于武川縣得勝(sheng)(sheng)溝(gou)鄉的(de)最南(nan)端(duan)，大(da)青山(shan)深處，轄地面積496.0平方公里，距(ju)呼和浩特市約70公里，是全國著名的(de)革(ge)命(ming)老區，是國家100個(ge)景(jing)(jing)(jing)點(dian)項(xiang)目之一(yi)。開辟(pi)這一(yi)地區，使其與(yu)晉西北抗(kang)(kang)(kang)日(ri)根據(ju)(ju)地連(lian)成(cheng)一(yi)片，對堅持綏遠抗(kang)(kang)(kang)戰，牽制日(ri)軍(jun)向(xiang)大(da)西北的(de)進(jin)攻，掩護八(ba)路軍(jun)在敵(di)后(hou)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)戰的(de)翼(yi)側(ce)，具有重(zhong)要意義。抗(kang)(kang)(kang)戰年代(dai)，得勝(sheng)(sheng)溝(gou)鄉得勝(sheng)(sheng)溝(gou)村一(yi)直是大(da)青山(shan)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)日(ri)根據(ju)(ju)地的(de)指揮中心，被稱為“塞外(wai)小(xiao)延安”，此地山(shan)大(da)溝(gou)深，地形險(xian)(xian)要，是當年大(da)青山(shan)支隊(dui)司(si)令(ling)部、綏遠省(sheng)委、省(sheng)行(xing)署機關的(de)駐扎地，現有司(si)令(ling)部、衛生隊(dui)、教導(dao)隊(dui)、電(dian)臺(tai)(tai)等(deng)遺(yi)址，李井泉、姚喆(zhe)、黃厚(hou)、楊(yang)植林等(deng)領導(dao)人住過的(de)窯洞和辦公用的(de)石(shi)磨、樹墩，存有八(ba)路軍(jun)作戰使用過的(de)電(dian)臺(tai)(tai)、戰刀(dao)、手榴彈(dan)、馬(ma)蹬、火盆、糧食(shi)袋、火鐮等(deng)革(ge)命(ming)歷史珍貴(gui)文(wen)物。1964年被內(nei)蒙古自治區政府列為重(zhong)點(dian)文(wen)物保護單(dan)位。在景(jing)(jing)(jing)區內(nei)留(liu)下(xia)一(yi)大(da)批(pi)革(ge)命(ming)前輩(bei)戎馬(ma)生涯(ya)的(de)足跡，留(liu)下(xia)了大(da)青山(shan)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)日(ri)軍(jun)民奮(fen)勇殺敵(di)、可歌可泣(qi)的(de)英(ying)雄事跡。景(jing)(jing)(jing)區內(nei)除了眾多的(de)革(ge)命(ming)遺(yi)存，自然風景(jing)(jing)(jing)十分獨特，溝(gou)溝(gou)相連(lian)、溪泉纏繞，水(shui)秀山(shan)青，山(shan)壑交疊，峰聳入云，山(shan)山(shan)有景(jing)(jing)(jing)，萬木崢嶸(rong)，野獸出沒，有獅子嘴、石(shi)門(men)、佛爺(ye)洞、晾人臺(tai)(tai)、響(xiang)沙灣、虎(hu)頭山(shan)、板(ban)嘴石(shi)窯等(deng)自然景(jing)(jing)(jing)點(dian)，各(ge)景(jing)(jing)(jing)點(dian)均以“奇(qi)、雄、特、險(xian)(xian)”取勝(sheng)(sheng)，集自然景(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)和人文(wen)景(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)于一(yi)體，以紅帶綠，紅綠相互輝映(ying)。