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地理環境

地理位置

烏蘭(lan)布(bu)和(he)沙(sha)漠地處內蒙古阿拉善盟(meng)和(he)巴彥淖爾盟(meng)境內。北(bei)至狼山，東近黃河，南(nan)至賀(he)蘭(lan)山麓，西至吉蘭(lan)泰(tai)鹽池，總面積(ji)約1萬平(ping)方公里(li)。是阿拉善沙(sha)漠的東北(bei)部，在銀額盆地東北(bei)底部。

屬中(zhong)溫(wen)帶(dai)干旱(han)氣候，干旱(han)少雨，晝夜溫(wen)差大(da)，季風強勁(jing)。沙(sha)漠(mo)南(nan)部(bu)多(duo)(duo)流沙(sha)，中(zhong)部(bu)多(duo)(duo)壟崗形沙(sha)丘，北部(bu)多(duo)(duo)固定和(he)半固定沙(sha)丘。

氣候條件

氣(qi)候終年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)為(wei)西(xi)風(feng)(feng)(feng)環流控制，屬中溫帶典型的大(da)陸性(xing)氣(qi)候，降(jiang)水(shui)稀少，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平均(jun)降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)102.9毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)，最大(da)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)150.3毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)，最小年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)水(shui)降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)公(gong)33.3毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)氣(qi)溫7.8℃，絕(jue)對(dui)最高氣(qi)溫39℃，絕(jue)對(dui)最低(di)氣(qi)溫－29.6℃，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)蒸發(fa)量(liang)2258.8毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)，無霜期168天(tian)，光照3181小時，太陽輻射150千(qian)卡/平方厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)，大(da)于10℃的有效積溫?3289.1℃，終年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)盛行西(xi)南風(feng)(feng)(feng)，主(zhu)要害(hai)(hai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)為(wei)西(xi)北風(feng)(feng)(feng)，風(feng)(feng)(feng)勢強烈(lie)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)風(feng)(feng)(feng)速4.1m/s，風(feng)(feng)(feng)沙危(wei)害(hai)(hai)為(wei)主(zhu)要自然災害(hai)(hai)，但(dan)光熱資(zi)源豐富，發(fa)展農業具有潛在(zai)優勢。

地質水文

就大(da)(da)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形來說(shuo)，屬于阿拉善高原(yuan)之沖(chong)積(ji)(ji)平原(yuan)，海拔1050m，在地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)構(gou)造上(shang)是一個(ge)斷陷盆地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，為細沙(sha)(sha)及(ji)粘土狀第(di)四之沖(chong)積(ji)(ji)—湖積(ji)(ji)物(wu)所覆蓋，其上(shang)為沖(chong)積(ji)(ji)、淤(yu)積(ji)(ji)和風積(ji)(ji)物(wu)，多為高低不等3－10米(mi)的(de)(de)流動、半固定(ding)、固定(ding)沙(sha)(sha)丘、平緩沙(sha)(sha)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)及(ji)丘間(jian)低地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)相互(hu)交錯呈復(fu)區(qu)分布(bu)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)類型。黃(huang)河(he)自(zi)南向(xiang)北(bei)流經磴(deng)口(kou)縣(xian)的(de)(de)東南端(duan)，磴(deng)口(kou)綠州的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)勢自(zi)東南向(xiang)西北(bei)傾斜(xie)，海拔大(da)(da)體在1048—1053m之間(jian)。而烏蘭布(bu)和沙(sha)(sha)漠整個(ge)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)勢都低于黃(huang)河(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)面，有引黃(huang)灌溉的(de)(de)條件(jian)，從(cong)而彌補了(le)降雨少，蒸發大(da)(da)，干旱缺水(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)不利(li)因(yin)素。且(qie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)埋深淺(qian)(qian)5-8米(mi)，淺(qian)(qian)層(ceng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)資源豐富，水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)良(liang)好宜于灌溉。據內蒙古河(he)套總局勘測資料，淺(qian)(qian)層(ceng)承壓(ya)、半承壓(ya)水(shui)(shui)(shui)極為豐富，有100米(mi)含水(shui)(shui)(shui)層(ceng)，總儲量為57億立方米(mi)，而且(qie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)良(liang)好，是堅持排灌的(de)(de)優質(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)源。

形成

干旱和風

沙(sha)(sha)(sha)漠(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)形成的(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)個主要原(yuan)因，就(jiu)是(shi)干(gan)旱(han)和(he)(he)風(feng)。加上(shang)人們濫伐森林(lin)樹木，破壞草原(yuan)，令(ling)土地表(biao)面失去(qu)了植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)覆蓋，沙(sha)(sha)(sha)漠(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)便因而形成。沙(sha)(sha)(sha)漠(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)(de)形成，除(chu)了干(gan)旱(han)氣候條件與(yu)濫伐森林(lin)樹木，破壞草原(yuan)外(wai)，還(huan)要有(you)豐(feng)富的(de)(de)(de)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)漠(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)物(wu)(wu)質來(lai)源(yuan)(yuan)，它們多(duo)分布在沉積(ji)物(wu)(wu)豐(feng)厚(hou)的(de)(de)(de)內(nei)陸山(shan)間(jian)盆(pen)地和(he)(he)剝蝕(shi)高原(yuan)面上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)洼(wa)地和(he)(he)低平(ping)地上(shang)。沙(sha)(sha)(sha)源(yuan)(yuan)有(you)來(lai)自古(gu)代或現代的(de)(de)(de)各種沉積(ji)物(wu)(wu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)細粒物(wu)(wu)質。如中(zhong)國的(de)(de)(de)塔克拉瑪干(gan)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)漠(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)和(he)(he)古(gu)爾(er)班通古(gu)特(te)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)漠(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)(de)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)源(yuan)(yuan)于古(gu)河(he)(he)流(liu)沖(chong)積(ji)物(wu)(wu)；騰格里(li)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)漠(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)、毛烏(wu)素沙(sha)(sha)(sha)漠(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)和(he)(he)小(xiao)騰格里(li)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)漠(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)(de)大部分沙(sha)(sha)(sha)源(yuan)(yuan)于古(gu)代與(yu)現代的(de)(de)(de)沖(chong)積(ji)物(wu)(wu)和(he)(he)湖積(ji)物(wu)(wu)；塔里(li)木河(he)(he)中(zhong)游(you)和(he)(he)庫爾(er)勒西南滑干(gan)河(he)(he)下游(you)的(de)(de)(de)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)漠(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)都來(lai)自現代河(he)(he)流(liu)沖(chong)積(ji)物(wu)(wu)；烏(wu)蘭布和(he)(he)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)漠(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)和(he)(he)賀蘭山(shan)、 狼山(shan)-巴音烏(wu)拉山(shan)前地區的(de)(de)(de)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)丘來(lai)源(yuan)(yuan)于洪積(ji)-沖(chong)積(ji)物(wu)(wu) ；鄂爾(er)多(duo)斯中(zhong)西部高地上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)丘來(lai)源(yuan)(yuan)于基(ji)巖風(feng)化的(de)(de)(de)殘積(ji)物(wu)(wu)。

自然地理

烏蘭布和沙漠(mo)位于內蒙古西(xi)部，是華(hua)西(xi)和西(xi)北(bei)的接合(he)部，地(di)(di)處我國西(xi)北(bei)荒漠(mo)和半荒漠(mo)的前沿地(di)(di)帶，地(di)(di)理區域為(wei)東經106°09′-106°57′，北(bei)緯

39°16′-40°57′之間。東(dong)北部(bu)(bu)以(yi)河套綠州為界，西部(bu)(bu)以(yi)阿拉善左(zuo)旗的(de)吉蘭泰(tai)—圖庫(ku)木公(gong)路為界，西北部(bu)(bu)以(yi)狼山(shan)為界，東(dong)至(zhi)(zhi)黃河，南(nan)至(zhi)(zhi)賀(he)蘭山(shan)，總面積129，8平(ping)方千米，是(shi)我國的(de)主要沙漠(mo)之一。

基礎設施

早(zao)在50年代(dai)后期至60年代(dai)，中國科學院(yuan)組織的沙(sha)(sha)漠(mo)(mo)考察曾在磴口設(she)點，并組建巴盟治(zhi)沙(sha)(sha)綜(zong)合試驗(yan)站，為開展沙(sha)(sha)漠(mo)(mo)綜(zong)合治(zhi)理研究積(ji)累了大量資料，并在全國的沙(sha)(sha)漠(mo)(mo)治(zhi)理與(yu)開發研究中處于領(ling)先地位。

中(zhong)國林(lin)科院沙漠林(lin)中(zhong)心(xin)自(zi)1979年(nian)成立(li)(li)以來，在(zai)(zai)烏蘭布和(he)(he)沙漠東北部(bu)一直(zhi)從事以林(lin)為主的區(qu)(qu)(qu)域生(sheng)(sheng)態治理(li)與開發，具有長期工作(zuo)基礎，設施完善，水(shui)(shui)電林(lin)渠路配(pei)(pei)套，科技(ji)人(ren)員素質較(jiao)高，年(nian)富力強，觀(guan)(guan)測(ce)(ce)輔助(zhu)人(ren)員操(cao)作(zuo)熟(shu)練，技(ji)術全面(mian)。1982年(nian)起，先后在(zai)(zai)綠(lv)洲(zhou)(zhou)外圍荒漠區(qu)(qu)(qu)，綠(lv)洲(zhou)(zhou)邊緣區(qu)(qu)(qu)，綠(lv)洲(zhou)(zhou)林(lin)網中(zhong)心(xin)區(qu)(qu)(qu)建(jian)立(li)(li)地(di)(di)面(mian)氣象站(zhan)(zhan)3座，觀(guan)(guan)測(ce)(ce)內容有氣溫(wen)、地(di)(di)溫(wen)、風速、風向、濕度、蒸發量、降水(shui)(shui)量、日照時數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、大(da)氣降塵、太陽輻射。臺(tai)站(zhan)(zhan)儀器配(pei)(pei)置按國家基層地(di)(di)面(mian)站(zhan)(zhan)規范執行。部(bu)分項目配(pei)(pei)備自(zi)動記錄裝置。目前有兩個站(zhan)(zhan)一直(zhi)連續工作(zuo)，積累了(le)大(da)量的觀(guan)(guan)測(ce)(ce)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)，建(jian)立(li)(li)了(le)具有40多萬觀(guan)(guan)測(ce)(ce)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)的信息數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)庫。12眼地(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)動態監測(ce)(ce)井。土壤(rang)與水(shui)(shui)分化驗室，常規儀器齊全、人(ren)員固定、操(cao)作(zuo)技(ji)術熟(shu)練，對(dui)試區(qu)(qu)(qu)內的土壤(rang)和(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)分進行長期分析，積累了(le)大(da)量數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)，還(huan)具有AST－386，AST－486微機2臺(tai)，并(bing)有專人(ren)操(cao)作(zuo)，為建(jian)立(li)(li)荒漠生(sheng)(sheng)態信息數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)庫提供了(le)便利。

沙漠惡化

據烏(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)海市林業局有關(guan)負責人(ren)介(jie)紹，近(jin)40年來，由于自然氣(qi)候變暖和(he)人(ren)為(wei)破壞的(de)(de)雙重原(yuan)因，烏(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)蘭布和(he)沙(sha)漠(mo)東(dong)進南移(yi)的(de)(de)擴展速(su)度非常驚人(ren)。據有關(guan)資(zi)料記載，上世紀60年代初，烏(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)蘭布和(he)沙(sha)漠(mo)東(dong)部邊緣(yuan)距烏(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)海尚(shang)有近(jin)30公(gong)里(li)(li)。而此后(hou)不(bu)到40年，烏(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)達區已經有近(jin)1/3的(de)(de)土地被烏(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)蘭布和(he)沙(sha)漠(mo)吞沒。烏(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)蘭布和(he)沙(sha)漠(mo)東(dong)部邊緣(yuan)已經由黃河(he)西岸(an)的(de)(de)阿拉善盟擴展到黃河(he)東(dong)岸(an)海勃(bo)灣(wan)區，侵蝕面積近(jin)100平(ping)方公(gong)里(li)(li)，而且全部形(xing)成(cheng)了(le)新月型(xing)和(he)半月型(xing)的(de)(de)流動沙(sha)丘(qiu)，有的(de)(de)沙(sha)丘(qiu)的(de)(de)相(xiang)對(dui)高度竟達50多(duo)米(mi)。

烏(wu)蘭布和沙漠的(de)(de)迅(xun)速推進，已嚴(yan)重影響了(le)周邊地區人們的(de)(de)日常生活。根(gen)據(ju)自(zi)治(zhi)區第三(san)次荒(huang)漠化(hua)(hua)、沙化(hua)(hua)土地監測(ce)報告，烏(wu)海市(shi)的(de)(de)荒(huang)漠化(hua)(hua)、沙化(hua)(hua)面(mian)積占全市(shi)國(guo)土總(zong)面(mian)積的(de)(de)比例高達80.12%。嚴(yan)重的(de)(de)荒(huang)漠化(hua)(hua)和沙化(hua)(hua)，導致(zhi)了(le)烏(wu)海自(zi)然生態環境惡劣，年均降(jiang)水(shui)量不足160毫(hao)米（2005年僅有81.5毫(hao)米），而(er)蒸發量卻高達3500毫(hao)米；沙塵(chen)天氣、沙塵(chen)暴頻發，日均風速大(da)于3米/秒的(de)(de)日數(shu)最多(duo)達到(dao)301天。烏(wu)海市(shi)已成(cheng)為內蒙古自(zi)治(zhi)區乃(nai)至中國(guo)沙化(hua)(hua)最為嚴(yan)重的(de)(de)城市(shi)之(zhi)一(yi)。

解放(fang)后，開始(shi)了大規(gui)模的治(zhi)理，在蹬口縣二十里柳子至杭(hang)錦(jin)后旗太陽廟一(yi)線，營(ying)造(zao)一(yi)條寬300-400米(mi)，長175公(gong)(gong)里的防風固沙(sha)林(lin)帶，林(lin)帶兩側5公(gong)(gong)里為封沙(sha)育(yu)草區，控(kong)制了沙(sha)漠東移。沙(sha)漠內除種(zhong)樹種(zhong)草外，還開辟(pi)出20余(yu)萬畝耕(geng)地(di)，主要種(zhong)植小麥、玉米(mi)、甜萊(lai)、葵花籽(zi)及各(ge)種(zhong)瓜類。烏蘭布(bu)和沙(sha)漠日(ri)照豐富，可以引黃河水自流灌溉，湖(hu)池廣布(bu)，有(you)發展農、牧、林(lin)、漁(yu)業的良好(hao)條件(jian)。

植被特征

烏(wu)蘭布和(he)(he)沙漠的(de)荒(huang)漠植被(bei)隸屬亞(ya)非荒(huang)漠植物區(qu)(qu)，亞(ya)洲中(zhong)部區(qu)(qu)，阿拉(la)善(shan)省，東阿拉(la)善(shan)洲。阿拉(la)善(shan)荒(huang)漠省的(de)東界就在烏(wu)蘭布和(he)(he)沙漠的(de)東緣(yuan)，也就是(shi)亞(ya)洲中(zhong)部荒(huang)漠區(qu)(qu)與草原(yuan)區(qu)(qu)的(de)分(fen)界線(xian)(xian)，而且是(shi)極為重要的(de)植物地理(li)學分(fen)界線(xian)(xian)。

植(zhi)物(wu)地(di)理成(cheng)分(fen)古(gu)老而種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)貧乏(fa)，以(yi)蒙(meng)古(gu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，戈(ge)壁－－蒙(meng)古(gu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，戈(ge)壁種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)及古(gu)地(di)中海區(qu)系的(de)荒漠(mo)成(cheng)分(fen)占主導地(di)位(wei)，世界(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)與(yu)(yu)與(yu)(yu)泛(fan)北(bei)極(ji)區(qu)系成(cheng)分(fen)十(shi)分(fen)貧乏(fa)。據初步采(cai)集(ji)與(yu)(yu)統計，烏蘭布和(he)沙(sha)漠(mo)境內(nei)共有(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子植(zhi)物(wu)312種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，隸屬(shu)49科169屬(shu)，戈(ge)壁區(qu)系成(cheng)分(fen)中一(yi)些(xie)地(di)方性特有(you)的(de)單種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屬(shu)和(he)寡種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屬(shu)的(de)優勢作用十(shi)分(fen)顯著。灌木(mu)、半灌木(mu)占絕對優勢。烏蘭布和(he)沙(sha)漠(mo)植(zhi)物(wu)基本上都是沙(sha)生(sheng)、旱生(sheng)、鹽生(sheng)類(lei)灌木(mu)和(he)小灌木(mu)組成(cheng)，這些(xie)植(zhi)物(wu)對當地(di)生(sheng)境有(you)極(ji)強的(de)適應(ying)性和(he)抗逆性。

肉蓯蓉生產基地

正是(shi)(shi)沙漠(mo)梭(suo)(suo)(suo)梭(suo)(suo)(suo)林營造(zao)的(de)(de)最佳季(ji)節(jie)，也(ye)是(shi)(shi)沙漠(mo)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)黃金季(ji)節(jie)，預計磴(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)口(kou)(kou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)烏(wu)蘭布和(he)(he)人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)梭(suo)(suo)(suo)梭(suo)(suo)(suo)林的(de)(de)營造(zao)面(mian)積將(jiang)達(da)(da)到(dao)10000畝(mu)(mu)以上，肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)栽培(pei)面(mian)積進入快速擴張時(shi)期，將(jiang)達(da)(da)到(dao)3000畝(mu)(mu)。據(ju)了(le)解，烏(wu)蘭布和(he)(he)沙漠(mo)延伸巴彥(yan)淖爾(er)市磴(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)口(kou)(kou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)境內(nei)總(zong)面(mian)積達(da)(da)425萬畝(mu)(mu)，占全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)土(tu)地總(zong)面(mian)積的(de)(de)68．3%，極具發展沙、草產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)區(qu)(qu)域優勢。巨(ju)大的(de)(de)市場(chang)需求使(shi)開發和(he)(he)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植梭(suo)(suo)(suo)梭(suo)(suo)(suo)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)企業(ye)(ye)紛(fen)至(zhi)沓來。僅(jin)今年(nian)(nian)，磴(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)口(kou)(kou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)就(jiu)有(you)12家(jia)(jia)企業(ye)(ye)在烏(wu)蘭布和(he)(he)沙漠(mo)發展肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)。目前(qian)，全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)發展肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)企業(ye)(ye)已達(da)(da)到(dao)19家(jia)(jia)。肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)，又(you)名大蕓，是(shi)(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)沙生寄生植物，也(ye)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)名貴的(de)(de)中(zhong)藥材。被(bei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)們稱為(wei)(wei)“沙漠(mo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)參”。2004年(nian)(nian)，磴(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)口(kou)(kou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)在梭(suo)(suo)(suo)梭(suo)(suo)(suo)根部接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)實(shi)驗(yan)成功，2005年(nian)(nian)，磴(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)口(kou)(kou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)又(you)在紅柳根部接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)實(shi)驗(yan)獲得成功。目前(qian)，磴(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)口(kou)(kou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)梭(suo)(suo)(suo)梭(suo)(suo)(suo)、紅柳接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)技術(shu)從(cong)實(shi)驗(yan)轉向推廣(guang)應用。據(ju)介紹，一(yi)畝(mu)(mu)當年(nian)(nian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)，次年(nian)(nian)可采(cai)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)330公斤，以現行市場(chang)價計算，畝(mu)(mu)收入3300元左右。據(ju)有(you)關專家(jia)(jia)介紹，目前(qian)全(quan)國只(zhi)有(you)新疆個(ge)別地區(qu)(qu)和(he)(he)內(nei)蒙(meng)古阿拉善、烏(wu)蘭布和(he)(he)沙區(qu)(qu)大面(mian)積進行肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)培(pei)育，并開始由實(shi)驗(yan)階段轉向推廣(guang)階段。據(ju)磴(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)口(kou)(kou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)協(xie)會(hui)介紹，今年(nian)(nian)截至(zhi)目前(qian)，該協(xie)會(hui)已經接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)到(dao)總(zong)數為(wei)(wei)120噸(dun)的(de)(de)干肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)訂單。而全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)去(qu)年(nian)(nian)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)總(zong)產(chan)(chan)量只(zhi)有(you)區(qu)(qu)區(qu)(qu)1噸(dun)。為(wei)(wei)此，磴(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)口(kou)(kou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)今年(nian)(nian)提出了(le)大面(mian)積推廣(guang)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)，建設30萬畝(mu)(mu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)基(ji)地的(de)(de)構(gou)想。屆時(shi)，磴(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)口(kou)(kou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)將(jiang)成為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)國最大的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)生產(chan)(chan)基(ji)地。

綠化情況

據巴(ba)彥(yan)淖爾(er)市林(lin)業局統(tong)計，2005年(nian)(nian)—2007年(nian)(nian)三年(nian)(nian)間，烏(wu)蘭(lan)(lan)布(bu)和沙漠每年(nian)(nian)增綠(lv)10萬(wan)畝。2005年(nian)(nian)，巴(ba)彥(yan)淖爾(er)市率先(xian)在(zai)烏(wu)蘭(lan)(lan)布(bu)和沙漠推(tui)出冷藏苗避風造(zao)林(lin)新技(ji)術，造(zao)林(lin)時間從過去(qu)的(de)(de)4月(yue)(yue)份延長到9月(yue)(yue)份，延長期(qi)達5個月(yue)(yue)，變一季(ji)度造(zao)林(lin)為三季(ji)造(zao)林(lin)，同時先(xian)后推(tui)廣(guang)了(le)(le)柴草網格、高(gao)壓水打(da)孔植苗、深坑(keng)栽(zai)植、開(kai)溝栽(zai)植等20多(duo)項治沙先(xian)進技(ji)術，極大地(di)提(ti)高(gao)了(le)(le)造(zao)林(lin)成活率。據統(tong)計，2005年(nian)(nian)—2007年(nian)(nian)三年(nian)(nian)間，烏(wu)蘭(lan)(lan)布(bu)和沙漠每年(nian)(nian)增綠(lv)10萬(wan)畝，森林(lin)覆蓋率由九十(shi)年(nian)(nian)代末(mo)的(de)(de)4．5%提(ti)高(gao)到現在(zai)的(de)(de)15．3%，治沙面積達到了(le)(le)120萬(wan)畝，有效改善了(le)(le)沙區生(sheng)態環境。

點沙成土

內蒙古烏蘭(lan)布(bu)和(he)沙(sha)漠是我國八大沙(sha)漠之一，總面(mian)積約1萬平(ping)方公(gong)(gong)里，在(zai)蒙古語中，“烏蘭(lan)布(bu)和(he)”意指“紅色的公(gong)(gong)牛”。從(cong)2016年開始，重慶交通(tong)大學教授易(yi)志堅帶領科研團(tuan)隊在(zai)這片(pian)土(tu)地開始播種(zhong)“綠(lv)色”。他們(men)研制出一種(zhong)植物性纖維黏合材料，將(jiang)其混入沙(sha)中，使沙(sha)子擁有和(he)土(tu)壤(rang)類似(si)的涵養(yang)水(shui)分和(he)營養(yang)的能(neng)力，從(cong)而造出一片(pian)綠(lv)洲。

2016年，研(yan)究(jiu)團隊在烏蘭(lan)布和開展了25畝(mu)(mu)沙漠地種(zhong)植(zhi)試(shi)驗。從2017年開始，研(yan)究(jiu)團隊已(yi)開展4000畝(mu)(mu)的種(zhong)植(zhi)試(shi)驗。