地理環境
地理位置
烏蘭(lan)布和沙漠地(di)(di)處內蒙古阿拉(la)善盟和巴彥(yan)淖爾盟境內。北至(zhi)狼(lang)山,東近黃河,南至(zhi)賀蘭(lan)山麓,西至(zhi)吉蘭(lan)泰鹽池,總面積約1萬平方公里。是阿拉(la)善沙漠的東北部(bu),在銀額盆地(di)(di)東北底部(bu)。
屬中(zhong)溫(wen)帶干(gan)旱氣候,干(gan)旱少雨,晝夜溫(wen)差大(da),季(ji)風強勁(jing)。沙漠(mo)南(nan)部多(duo)(duo)流(liu)沙,中(zhong)部多(duo)(duo)壟崗(gang)形(xing)沙丘,北部多(duo)(duo)固定和半固定沙丘。
氣候條件
氣(qi)(qi)候終(zhong)(zhong)年(nian)(nian)為西風(feng)環(huan)流控制,屬中(zhong)溫(wen)(wen)帶典型的大(da)陸性氣(qi)(qi)候,降(jiang)水稀少(shao),年(nian)(nian)平均(jun)降(jiang)水量(liang)102.9毫(hao)(hao)米,最(zui)(zui)大(da)年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水量(liang)150.3毫(hao)(hao)米,最(zui)(zui)小(xiao)年(nian)(nian)水降(jiang)水量(liang)公33.3毫(hao)(hao)米,年(nian)(nian)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)7.8℃,絕對最(zui)(zui)高氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)39℃,絕對最(zui)(zui)低氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)-29.6℃,年(nian)(nian)均(jun)蒸(zheng)發量(liang)2258.8毫(hao)(hao)米,無霜期168天,光(guang)照(zhao)3181小(xiao)時(shi),太陽輻射150千卡/平方厘米,大(da)于(yu)10℃的有(you)效積(ji)溫(wen)(wen)?3289.1℃,終(zhong)(zhong)年(nian)(nian)盛(sheng)行西南風(feng),主要害(hai)風(feng)為西北風(feng),風(feng)勢(shi)強烈,年(nian)(nian)均(jun)風(feng)速4.1m/s,風(feng)沙(sha)危害(hai)為主要自然(ran)災害(hai),但光(guang)熱資源(yuan)豐富,發展農(nong)業(ye)具(ju)有(you)潛在優勢(shi)。
地質水文
就(jiu)大(da)地(di)(di)(di)(di)形(xing)來說,屬(shu)于阿(a)拉善高原之(zhi)沖(chong)積(ji)(ji)平原,海拔1050m,在地(di)(di)(di)(di)質構造上(shang)是(shi)一個(ge)(ge)斷陷盆地(di)(di)(di)(di),為(wei)細沙(sha)及粘(zhan)土(tu)狀第四之(zhi)沖(chong)積(ji)(ji)—湖積(ji)(ji)物(wu)所覆蓋,其上(shang)為(wei)沖(chong)積(ji)(ji)、淤(yu)積(ji)(ji)和風積(ji)(ji)物(wu),多為(wei)高低不等3-10米的(de)流動、半固(gu)定、固(gu)定沙(sha)丘、平緩沙(sha)地(di)(di)(di)(di)及丘間低地(di)(di)(di)(di)相(xiang)互交錯呈復區分布(bu)的(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)貌類型。黃河(he)自(zi)南向(xiang)北(bei)流經磴(deng)口縣(xian)的(de)東南端,磴(deng)口綠州的(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)勢(shi)自(zi)東南向(xiang)西北(bei)傾斜(xie),海拔大(da)體(ti)在1048—1053m之(zhi)間。而(er)烏蘭布(bu)和沙(sha)漠整個(ge)(ge)地(di)(di)(di)(di)勢(shi)都低于黃河(he)水(shui)面,有(you)引黃灌溉的(de)條件,從(cong)而(er)彌補了降雨少,蒸發大(da),干旱(han)缺水(shui)的(de)不利(li)因素(su)。且地(di)(di)(di)(di)下水(shui)埋深淺5-8米,淺層(ceng)水(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)豐富,水(shui)質良好宜于灌溉。據內蒙古河(he)套總(zong)局勘測資(zi)料,淺層(ceng)承(cheng)壓(ya)、半承(cheng)壓(ya)水(shui)極(ji)為(wei)豐富,有(you)100米含(han)水(shui)層(ceng),總(zong)儲量為(wei)57億立方米,而(er)且水(shui)質良好,是(shi)堅持排灌的(de)優質水(shui)源(yuan)。
形成
干旱和風
沙(sha)(sha)(sha)漠(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)形成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)個主要(yao)原因,就是干(gan)(gan)旱和(he)(he)風。加上(shang)人們濫(lan)伐森林樹(shu)木(mu),破(po)壞(huai)草原,令(ling)土地(di)表(biao)面失去了(le)(le)植物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)覆蓋,沙(sha)(sha)(sha)漠(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)便因而形成(cheng)。沙(sha)(sha)(sha)漠(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)形成(cheng),除(chu)了(le)(le)干(gan)(gan)旱氣候條(tiao)件與(yu)濫(lan)伐森林樹(shu)木(mu),破(po)壞(huai)草原外,還要(yao)有(you)豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)漠(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)來(lai)源(yuan),它們多分布在沉(chen)(chen)積(ji)物(wu)(wu)豐厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)內陸山間(jian)盆地(di)和(he)(he)剝(bo)蝕高原面上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)洼(wa)地(di)和(he)(he)低(di)平地(di)上(shang)。沙(sha)(sha)(sha)源(yuan)有(you)來(lai)自古(gu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)或(huo)現代(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)各種沉(chen)(chen)積(ji)物(wu)(wu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)細粒物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)。如中(zhong)國的(de)(de)(de)(de)塔克拉瑪干(gan)(gan)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)漠(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)和(he)(he)古(gu)爾班通古(gu)特沙(sha)(sha)(sha)漠(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)源(yuan)于(yu)古(gu)河(he)(he)流沖積(ji)物(wu)(wu);騰(teng)格里沙(sha)(sha)(sha)漠(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)、毛(mao)烏(wu)素沙(sha)(sha)(sha)漠(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)和(he)(he)小(xiao)騰(teng)格里沙(sha)(sha)(sha)漠(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大部分沙(sha)(sha)(sha)源(yuan)于(yu)古(gu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)與(yu)現代(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)沖積(ji)物(wu)(wu)和(he)(he)湖積(ji)物(wu)(wu);塔里木(mu)河(he)(he)中(zhong)游和(he)(he)庫爾勒西(xi)南滑干(gan)(gan)河(he)(he)下游的(de)(de)(de)(de)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)漠(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)都來(lai)自現代(dai)(dai)(dai)河(he)(he)流沖積(ji)物(wu)(wu);烏(wu)蘭(lan)(lan)布和(he)(he)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)漠(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)和(he)(he)賀蘭(lan)(lan)山、 狼山-巴音烏(wu)拉山前地(di)區的(de)(de)(de)(de)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)丘來(lai)源(yuan)于(yu)洪積(ji)-沖積(ji)物(wu)(wu) ;鄂爾多斯中(zhong)西(xi)部高地(di)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)丘來(lai)源(yuan)于(yu)基(ji)巖風化的(de)(de)(de)(de)殘積(ji)物(wu)(wu)。
自然地理
烏蘭布(bu)和沙(sha)漠位(wei)于(yu)內蒙(meng)古西部,是華西和西北的接合(he)部,地處(chu)我國(guo)西北荒(huang)漠和半(ban)荒(huang)漠的前沿地帶,地理(li)區(qu)域(yu)為(wei)東經106°09′-106°57′,北緯
39°16′-40°57′之(zhi)間。東(dong)北部(bu)以(yi)河套綠州為界,西(xi)部(bu)以(yi)阿拉善左旗的吉蘭泰—圖庫木公(gong)路為界,西(xi)北部(bu)以(yi)狼山為界,東(dong)至黃(huang)河,南至賀(he)蘭山,總面積129,8平方(fang)千(qian)米(mi),是我國(guo)的主要沙漠之(zhi)一。
基礎設施
早在50年代(dai)后(hou)期至60年代(dai),中國科學院組織(zhi)的沙漠考察曾在磴(deng)口設(she)點,并組建巴盟治(zhi)沙綜(zong)合試驗站,為開(kai)展沙漠綜(zong)合治(zhi)理研究(jiu)積累了大(da)量資料,并在全(quan)國的沙漠治(zhi)理與開(kai)發研究(jiu)中處(chu)于領先地(di)位。
中(zhong)國林(lin)(lin)科(ke)院沙漠林(lin)(lin)中(zhong)心自1979年(nian)(nian)成立(li)(li)以來,在烏蘭布(bu)和沙漠東(dong)北部一直(zhi)從事(shi)以林(lin)(lin)為主的(de)(de)(de)區(qu)(qu)域生態治(zhi)理(li)與開發(fa),具(ju)有(you)(you)長期工作基(ji)礎,設施(shi)完善,水(shui)(shui)(shui)電林(lin)(lin)渠路配套(tao),科(ke)技(ji)人員(yuan)(yuan)素(su)質較(jiao)高,年(nian)(nian)富力強(qiang),觀(guan)測輔助(zhu)人員(yuan)(yuan)操(cao)作熟練(lian),技(ji)術全面(mian)。1982年(nian)(nian)起,先后在綠(lv)洲外圍荒漠區(qu)(qu),綠(lv)洲邊(bian)緣區(qu)(qu),綠(lv)洲林(lin)(lin)網中(zhong)心區(qu)(qu)建(jian)立(li)(li)地面(mian)氣(qi)象站(zhan)3座,觀(guan)測內容有(you)(you)氣(qi)溫、地溫、風速(su)、風向、濕(shi)度、蒸發(fa)量(liang)、降水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)、日照時數(shu)、大氣(qi)降塵、太陽(yang)輻(fu)射。臺(tai)站(zhan)儀器(qi)(qi)配置(zhi)(zhi)按國家基(ji)層地面(mian)站(zhan)規(gui)(gui)范執(zhi)行。部分項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)配備自動記錄裝置(zhi)(zhi)。目(mu)(mu)前有(you)(you)兩個站(zhan)一直(zhi)連(lian)續工作,積累了大量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)觀(guan)測數(shu)據(ju),建(jian)立(li)(li)了具(ju)有(you)(you)40多萬(wan)觀(guan)測數(shu)據(ju)的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)息數(shu)據(ju)庫。12眼地下水(shui)(shui)(shui)動態監測井。土(tu)壤與水(shui)(shui)(shui)分化驗室,常規(gui)(gui)儀器(qi)(qi)齊(qi)全、人員(yuan)(yuan)固(gu)定、操(cao)作技(ji)術熟練(lian),對(dui)試區(qu)(qu)內的(de)(de)(de)土(tu)壤和水(shui)(shui)(shui)分進行長期分析,積累了大量(liang)數(shu)據(ju),還(huan)具(ju)有(you)(you)AST-386,AST-486微機(ji)2臺(tai),并(bing)有(you)(you)專人操(cao)作,為建(jian)立(li)(li)荒漠生態信(xin)息數(shu)據(ju)庫提供(gong)了便(bian)利。
沙漠惡化
據烏(wu)海市林業局有(you)關負責人介紹(shao),近40年(nian)來,由于自然(ran)氣候變(bian)暖和(he)人為破壞的(de)雙重(zhong)原因,烏(wu)蘭布(bu)和(he)沙(sha)漠東(dong)進(jin)南(nan)移的(de)擴展速度(du)(du)非常驚(jing)人。據有(you)關資(zi)料(liao)記載,上世紀60年(nian)代初,烏(wu)蘭布(bu)和(he)沙(sha)漠東(dong)部(bu)邊(bian)緣距烏(wu)海尚有(you)近30公(gong)(gong)里。而此(ci)后(hou)不(bu)到40年(nian),烏(wu)達(da)區已(yi)經有(you)近1/3的(de)土地被(bei)烏(wu)蘭布(bu)和(he)沙(sha)漠吞沒。烏(wu)蘭布(bu)和(he)沙(sha)漠東(dong)部(bu)邊(bian)緣已(yi)經由黃(huang)河(he)(he)西岸的(de)阿拉(la)善盟擴展到黃(huang)河(he)(he)東(dong)岸海勃灣(wan)區,侵(qin)蝕面(mian)積近100平方(fang)公(gong)(gong)里,而且全(quan)部(bu)形成了新(xin)月(yue)型和(he)半月(yue)型的(de)流動沙(sha)丘(qiu),有(you)的(de)沙(sha)丘(qiu)的(de)相對高度(du)(du)竟(jing)達(da)50多米。
烏蘭布和沙(sha)漠(mo)的(de)迅速推進,已(yi)嚴(yan)重影響(xiang)了(le)周邊地區(qu)人們(men)的(de)日常(chang)生活。根(gen)據自(zi)治(zhi)區(qu)第三次(ci)荒漠(mo)化(hua)、沙(sha)化(hua)土(tu)地監測報(bao)告,烏海(hai)市(shi)的(de)荒漠(mo)化(hua)、沙(sha)化(hua)面積占全(quan)市(shi)國土(tu)總面積的(de)比例高(gao)達(da)80.12%。嚴(yan)重的(de)荒漠(mo)化(hua)和沙(sha)化(hua),導致了(le)烏海(hai)自(zi)然生態(tai)環境惡(e)劣,年均降水量不足160毫米(mi)(2005年僅有81.5毫米(mi)),而蒸發量卻高(gao)達(da)3500毫米(mi);沙(sha)塵天氣(qi)、沙(sha)塵暴頻發,日均風速大于3米(mi)/秒的(de)日數最(zui)多達(da)到301天。烏海(hai)市(shi)已(yi)成為(wei)(wei)內蒙古自(zi)治(zhi)區(qu)乃至(zhi)中國沙(sha)化(hua)最(zui)為(wei)(wei)嚴(yan)重的(de)城市(shi)之(zhi)一。
解放后,開始(shi)了大規模的(de)(de)治理(li),在蹬口縣(xian)二十里(li)柳子至杭錦后旗(qi)太陽(yang)廟一(yi)線,營造一(yi)條寬300-400米(mi),長175公(gong)(gong)里(li)的(de)(de)防風固沙(sha)林帶(dai)(dai),林帶(dai)(dai)兩側5公(gong)(gong)里(li)為封(feng)沙(sha)育草區,控制了沙(sha)漠(mo)東(dong)移。沙(sha)漠(mo)內除種樹種草外,還開辟出(chu)20余萬(wan)畝(mu)耕(geng)地(di),主要種植小麥、玉米(mi)、甜(tian)萊(lai)、葵花籽及各種瓜(gua)類(lei)。烏蘭布和(he)沙(sha)漠(mo)日照豐富,可以引黃河水自流(liu)灌溉,湖池廣布,有發展農、牧(mu)、林、漁業的(de)(de)良(liang)好(hao)條件。
植被特征
烏(wu)(wu)蘭布和沙(sha)(sha)漠(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)荒(huang)漠(mo)(mo)植(zhi)被隸(li)屬(shu)亞(ya)非荒(huang)漠(mo)(mo)植(zhi)物(wu)區(qu),亞(ya)洲中(zhong)(zhong)部區(qu),阿(a)拉善省,東(dong)(dong)阿(a)拉善洲。阿(a)拉善荒(huang)漠(mo)(mo)省的(de)(de)東(dong)(dong)界就(jiu)在烏(wu)(wu)蘭布和沙(sha)(sha)漠(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)東(dong)(dong)緣,也就(jiu)是(shi)亞(ya)洲中(zhong)(zhong)部荒(huang)漠(mo)(mo)區(qu)與草(cao)原區(qu)的(de)(de)分界線(xian),而(er)且是(shi)極為重要的(de)(de)植(zhi)物(wu)地(di)理學分界線(xian)。
植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)地理成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)古(gu)(gu)老而種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類貧乏,以(yi)蒙古(gu)(gu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),戈壁(bi)--蒙古(gu)(gu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),戈壁(bi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)及古(gu)(gu)地中海區(qu)系的荒(huang)漠(mo)(mo)成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)占主導地位,世界種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)與(yu)(yu)與(yu)(yu)泛(fan)北(bei)極(ji)區(qu)系成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)十分(fen)貧乏。據(ju)初步采集(ji)與(yu)(yu)統計,烏蘭(lan)布和(he)沙(sha)漠(mo)(mo)境內共有種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)312種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),隸屬49科169屬,戈壁(bi)區(qu)系成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)中一些(xie)地方性特有的單種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屬和(he)寡(gua)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屬的優勢作用(yong)十分(fen)顯著。灌木、半(ban)灌木占絕對優勢。烏蘭(lan)布和(he)沙(sha)漠(mo)(mo)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)基(ji)本上都是沙(sha)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、旱生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、鹽生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)類灌木和(he)小(xiao)灌木組成(cheng)(cheng),這些(xie)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)對當地生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)境有極(ji)強的適應(ying)性和(he)抗逆性。
肉蓯蓉生產基地
正是沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)漠梭(suo)梭(suo)林營造的(de)最佳季節(jie),也是沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)漠肉(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)接(jie)(jie)(jie)種的(de)黃金季節(jie),預計(ji)磴(deng)(deng)(deng)口(kou)(kou)(kou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)烏蘭(lan)布(bu)和(he)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)梭(suo)梭(suo)林的(de)營造面(mian)積(ji)(ji)將達(da)到(dao)10000畝(mu)(mu)以上,肉(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)栽培面(mian)積(ji)(ji)進入(ru)快速(su)擴張時期,將達(da)到(dao)3000畝(mu)(mu)。據了(le)解(jie),烏蘭(lan)布(bu)和(he)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)漠延伸巴彥淖爾市磴(deng)(deng)(deng)口(kou)(kou)(kou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)境內(nei)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)達(da)425萬畝(mu)(mu),占全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)土地總(zong)(zong)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)68.3%,極具發(fa)展沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)、草產(chan)業(ye)(ye)的(de)區域優(you)勢(shi)。巨大(da)(da)(da)的(de)市場(chang)需求(qiu)使(shi)開發(fa)和(he)種植梭(suo)梭(suo)接(jie)(jie)(jie)種肉(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)紛至沓(ta)來。僅今(jin)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),磴(deng)(deng)(deng)口(kou)(kou)(kou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)就有(you)(you)12家(jia)(jia)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)在烏蘭(lan)布(bu)和(he)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)漠發(fa)展肉(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)。目前(qian),全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)發(fa)展肉(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)已達(da)到(dao)19家(jia)(jia)。肉(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong),又(you)名大(da)(da)(da)蕓,是一種沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)生寄(ji)生植物,也是一種名貴的(de)中藥材。被人(ren)們稱(cheng)為“沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)漠人(ren)參”。2004年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),磴(deng)(deng)(deng)口(kou)(kou)(kou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)在梭(suo)梭(suo)根部接(jie)(jie)(jie)種肉(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)實驗成功,2005年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),磴(deng)(deng)(deng)口(kou)(kou)(kou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)又(you)在紅柳根部接(jie)(jie)(jie)種肉(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)實驗獲(huo)得成功。目前(qian),磴(deng)(deng)(deng)口(kou)(kou)(kou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)梭(suo)梭(suo)、紅柳接(jie)(jie)(jie)種肉(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)技術從實驗轉向(xiang)(xiang)推(tui)廣(guang)應用(yong)。據介紹(shao),一畝(mu)(mu)當年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)種的(de)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong),次年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)可采肉(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)330公(gong)斤,以現行(xing)(xing)市場(chang)價計(ji)算,畝(mu)(mu)收入(ru)3300元左右。據有(you)(you)關專家(jia)(jia)介紹(shao),目前(qian)全(quan)(quan)國(guo)只(zhi)有(you)(you)新疆個別地區和(he)內(nei)蒙古阿(a)拉(la)善、烏蘭(lan)布(bu)和(he)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)區大(da)(da)(da)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)進行(xing)(xing)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)接(jie)(jie)(jie)種培育,并開始由實驗階(jie)段轉向(xiang)(xiang)推(tui)廣(guang)階(jie)段。據磴(deng)(deng)(deng)口(kou)(kou)(kou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)協會介紹(shao),今(jin)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)截至目前(qian),該協會已經接(jie)(jie)(jie)到(dao)總(zong)(zong)數為120噸的(de)干肉(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)訂單(dan)。而全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)去年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)總(zong)(zong)產(chan)量(liang)只(zhi)有(you)(you)區區1噸。為此(ci),磴(deng)(deng)(deng)口(kou)(kou)(kou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)今(jin)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)提出(chu)了(le)大(da)(da)(da)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)推(tui)廣(guang)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)產(chan)業(ye)(ye),建(jian)設30萬畝(mu)(mu)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)接(jie)(jie)(jie)種肉(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)基地的(de)構想。屆時,磴(deng)(deng)(deng)口(kou)(kou)(kou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)將成為中國(guo)最大(da)(da)(da)的(de)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)接(jie)(jie)(jie)種肉(rou)(rou)(rou)蓯(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)(cong)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)生產(chan)基地。
綠化情況
據(ju)巴彥(yan)淖爾(er)市林(lin)業局統計,2005年(nian)(nian)—2007年(nian)(nian)三年(nian)(nian)間,烏(wu)蘭(lan)布和(he)沙(sha)(sha)漠(mo)每年(nian)(nian)增綠10萬畝。2005年(nian)(nian),巴彥(yan)淖爾(er)市率先在(zai)烏(wu)蘭(lan)布和(he)沙(sha)(sha)漠(mo)推出冷藏苗避風造林(lin)新技術,造林(lin)時(shi)間從過去的(de)(de)4月(yue)份(fen)延長(chang)到(dao)9月(yue)份(fen),延長(chang)期(qi)達(da)5個月(yue),變一季(ji)度造林(lin)為三季(ji)造林(lin),同時(shi)先后推廣了(le)柴草網格、高壓水打孔植苗、深坑栽(zai)植、開溝栽(zai)植等20多項(xiang)治沙(sha)(sha)先進技術,極大地提(ti)(ti)高了(le)造林(lin)成(cheng)活率。據(ju)統計,2005年(nian)(nian)—2007年(nian)(nian)三年(nian)(nian)間,烏(wu)蘭(lan)布和(he)沙(sha)(sha)漠(mo)每年(nian)(nian)增綠10萬畝,森林(lin)覆蓋(gai)率由(you)九十年(nian)(nian)代末的(de)(de)4.5%提(ti)(ti)高到(dao)現在(zai)的(de)(de)15.3%,治沙(sha)(sha)面積達(da)到(dao)了(le)120萬畝,有效改善(shan)了(le)沙(sha)(sha)區生態環境。
點沙成土
內(nei)蒙(meng)(meng)古烏蘭布和沙(sha)漠是我國八大(da)沙(sha)漠之一,總面(mian)積約(yue)1萬平方(fang)公里,在(zai)蒙(meng)(meng)古語中,“烏蘭布和”意指“紅色的(de)公牛(niu)”。從2016年開始,重慶交通大(da)學教授易(yi)志堅帶領科研團隊在(zai)這片(pian)土(tu)地開始播種(zhong)“綠(lv)色”。他們研制出(chu)一種(zhong)植物性(xing)纖維(wei)黏合材料(liao),將(jiang)其混入沙(sha)中,使沙(sha)子(zi)擁有和土(tu)壤類似的(de)涵(han)養水(shui)分和營(ying)養的(de)能力(li),從而造出(chu)一片(pian)綠(lv)洲(zhou)。
2016年(nian),研究團(tuan)隊(dui)在烏蘭布和開展(zhan)(zhan)了25畝(mu)沙漠地種植試(shi)驗(yan)。從2017年(nian)開始,研究團(tuan)隊(dui)已(yi)開展(zhan)(zhan)4000畝(mu)的(de)種植試(shi)驗(yan)。