洱源西(xi)湖(hu)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)地(di)處洱海源頭(tou),屬(shu)瀾(lan)滄(cang)江水系,為高原斷陷湖(hu)泊(bo),是(shi)大(da)理(li)及周邊地(di)區(qu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)安全(quan)的重要保(bao)障。西(xi)湖(hu)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物豐富多樣,天然(ran)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系統(tong)保(bao)存較為完整(zheng),有洱海大(da)頭(tou)鯉、灰裂腹魚(yu)、大(da)理(li)裂腹魚(yu)等(deng)特(te)有魚(yu)類(lei),是(shi)許多越冬鳥(niao)類(lei)的棲息地(di)和覓食地(di),也是(shi)瀕(bin)危(wei)鳥(niao)類(lei)紫水雞(ji)的生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)存地(di)。濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)內活性炭(tan)沉(chen)積特(te)殊,在(zai)湖(hu)泊(bo)演替、氣候變化等(deng)方面具有潛在(zai)的研究價值。它同時是(shi)云(yun)南省高原濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)中(zhong)景觀(guan)獨特(te)、白族(zu)風俗(su)濃(nong)郁、歷史文化積淀深厚的特(te)殊區(qu)域。
洱源西(xi)湖(hu)(hu)濕地(di)位于蒼山19峰(feng)之一的(de)(de)(de)云弄(nong)峰(feng)北麓(lu),右所鎮境內,流域(yu)面積119平方公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li),湖(hu)(hu)面面積4.7平方公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li),湖(hu)(hu)周長(chang)10.3公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li),平均水(shui)深1.8米(mi)(mi),屬瀾滄江水(shui)系(xi),地(di)處洱海源頭,洱海13%的(de)(de)(de)地(di)表水(shui)來(lai)自(zi)西(xi)湖(hu)(hu)。西(xi)湖(hu)(hu)生(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)統多樣性極為獨(du)特(te)(te),形成(cheng)面山森(sen)林(灌叢)— 村莊(zhuang)— 農田— 湖(hu)(hu)濱沼(zhao)澤(ze)— 湖(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)水(shui)面— 島(dao)嶼村莊(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)自(zi)然生(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)統與人(ren)工生(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)統交叉重(zhong)疊的(de)(de)(de)多樣性特(te)(te)征,具有典型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)湖(hu)(hu)盆(pen)— 湖(hu)(hu)濱— 面山結(jie)構(gou),包含(han)了區(qu)域(yu)內景(jing)(jing)觀多樣性的(de)(de)(de)所有范(fan)疇,構(gou)成(cheng)了地(di)熱溫泉(quan)、民(min)俗(su)風情、歷史文化、煙渚漁(yu)村、島(dao)嶼水(shui)鄉(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)特(te)(te)色景(jing)(jing)觀構(gou)架。此外(wai),西(xi)湖(hu)(hu)濕地(di)生(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)統中(zhong)(zhong)形成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)泥碳(tan)沼(zhao)澤(ze),埋藏于水(shui)下約2米(mi)(mi)處,平均厚度(du)4米(mi)(mi),最(zui)深超過(guo)15米(mi)(mi),儲量(liang)達390萬噸,是目(mu)前在滇西(xi)湖(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)中(zhong)(zhong)發現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)極具價值的(de)(de)(de)類型(xing)。西(xi)湖(hu)(hu)同時也是大理州水(shui)域(yu)風光型(xing)旅游區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)標志性景(jing)(jing)區(qu),日均接待(dai)觀光旅游游客2000人(ren)以上。
洱(er)(er)源西湖(hu)濕(shi)地(di)(di)為高(gao)(gao)原斷(duan)陷湖(hu)泊(bo),屬瀾滄江水系(xi),地(di)(di)處洱(er)(er)海源頭,生態(tai)區(qu)位十分(fen)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao),是(shi)(shi)(shi)大理及(ji)周(zhou)邊地(di)(di)區(qu)生態(tai)安全的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)保障。洱(er)(er)源西湖(hu)濕(shi)地(di)(di)生物多(duo)樣性豐(feng)富,天然濕(shi)地(di)(di)生態(tai)系(xi)統(tong)保存較為完整(zheng),保存有洱(er)(er)海大頭鯉、灰裂(lie)腹魚(yu)、大理裂(lie)腹魚(yu)等特(te)有魚(yu)類(lei),是(shi)(shi)(shi)許多(duo)越(yue)冬鳥(niao)類(lei)的(de)棲息地(di)(di)和覓食地(di)(di),也是(shi)(shi)(shi)瀕危鳥(niao)類(lei)紫水雞,據(ju)目前的(de)調查,為我國最大的(de)紫水雞種群。濕(shi)地(di)(di)內(nei)活性炭沉積特(te)殊,在(zai)(zai)湖(hu)泊(bo)演(yan)替、氣候(hou)變化等方面具有潛在(zai)(zai)的(de)研究價值。洱(er)(er)源西湖(hu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)云南(nan)高(gao)(gao)原濕(shi)地(di)(di)中景(jing)觀(guan)獨特(te),白族風(feng)俗濃郁,歷史文(wen)化積淀深厚的(de)特(te)殊區(qu)域,是(shi)(shi)(shi)展示濕(shi)地(di)(di)保護成效和濕(shi)地(di)(di)生態(tai)環境(jing)教育的(de)理想基地(di)(di)。
洱源(yuan)(yuan)西(xi)(xi)湖濕地(di)(di)是極具觀(guan)賞價(jia)值(zhi)的珍稀鳥類(lei)(lei)紫(zi)水雞(ji)在(zai)我省的分布(bu)(bu)地(di)(di),也是我國(guo)(guo)紫(zi)水雞(ji)重要(yao)和較大(da)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)群分布(bu)(bu)地(di)(di),還是許多越冬鳥類(lei)(lei)的棲(qi)息(xi)地(di)(di)和補食(shi)地(di)(di);此外,西(xi)(xi)湖水道(dao)為(wei)大(da)理(li)裂腹魚(yu)的洄游通道(dao)和產卵區(qu),生(sheng)物(wu)多樣性價(jia)值(zhi)極為(wei)獨特(te)和豐富(fu)。在(zai)去年濕地(di)(di)規劃編(bian)制調查(cha)過程中(zhong),相關專(zhuan)家(jia)調查(cha)記錄(lu)到(dao)西(xi)(xi)湖共有哺(bu)乳(ru)類(lei)(lei)動(dong)物(wu)18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),爬(pa)行動(dong)物(wu)16種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),兩棲(qi)動(dong)物(wu)14種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),魚(yu)類(lei)(lei)26種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),鳥類(lei)(lei)76種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其中(zhong)水域鳥類(lei)(lei)39種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);維管桿物(wu)306種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其中(zhong)濕地(di)(di)植(zhi)物(wu)115種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。這些(xie)植(zhi)物(wu)中(zhong),野菱、海菜花屬國(guo)(guo)家(jia)II級保(bao)護植(zhi)物(wu),虎(hu)紋蛙、大(da)壁虎(hu),灰(hui)雁、鳳(feng)頭(tou)鷹(ying)、白(bai)尾鷂、燕隼等屬國(guo)(guo)家(jia)II級保(bao)護動(dong)物(wu)。另外,分布(bu)(bu)有大(da)眼(yan)鯉、洱海大(da)頭(tou)鯉、大(da)理(li)云南鯉、灰(hui)裂腹魚(yu)、大(da)理(li)裂腹魚(yu)等滇西(xi)(xi)高(gao)(gao)原(yuan)湖泊(bo)(bo)特(te)有魚(yu)類(lei)(lei)和斑頭(tou)雁等青(qing)藏高(gao)(gao)原(yuan)特(te)有珍稀鳥類(lei)(lei),有著(zhu)較高(gao)(gao)的生(sheng)物(wu)多樣性保(bao)護價(jia)值(zhi),是開展泥碳(tan)沉積、湖泊(bo)(bo)演化、生(sheng)態系統研究的典型地(di)(di)段,也是濕地(di)(di)環境教育的基地(di)(di),在(zai)洱海濕地(di)(di)生(sheng)態系統保(bao)護、區(qu)域環境維護和濕地(di)(di)資源(yuan)(yuan)利用方面發(fa)揮著(zhu)重要(yao)作用。