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基本介紹

貴(gui)州羅(luo)甸蒙江(jiang)國家濕(shi)地(di)(di)公園地(di)(di)處黔南布依族苗(miao)族自(zi)治州羅(luo)甸縣中南部，屬珠江(jiang)水(shui)系(xi)紅(hong)水(shui)河上(shang)游，位于貴(gui)州省重點(dian)調查與(yu)監測濕(shi)地(di)(di)—龍(long)灘(tan)庫區濕(shi)地(di)(di)區范圍內，是(shi)珠江(jiang)上(shang)游重要(yao)的水(shui)產種質資源地(di)(di)之一。龍(long)灘(tan)水(shui)電站大壩(ba)蓄水(shui)后(hou)，紅(hong)水(shui)河及其支流兩(liang)岸的山(shan)巒兀立(li)于水(shui)面，整(zheng)個水(shui)面形成了(le)眾多獨具特色的半島及島嶼。群峰高昂，碧波(bo)蕩漾，島嶼、半島星羅(luo)棋布，是(shi)深(shen)藏在黔桂(gui)兩(liang)省交界(jie)萬(wan)山(shan)叢中的一顆明珠。

濕(shi)(shi)地(di)公(gong)園(yuan)總(zong)面積(ji)7226.11 hm2，地(di)處北緯25°15′4″～25°25′34″，東經106°34′29″～106°55′33″之(zhi)間。濕(shi)(shi)地(di)公(gong)園(yuan)涉及逢亭(ting)鎮(zhen)、龍坪鎮(zhen)、溝亭(ting)鄉(xiang)、羅(luo)悃鎮(zhen)、八總(zong)鄉(xiang)、茂(mao)井(jing)鎮(zhen)、大亭(ting)鄉(xiang)、鳳(feng)亭(ting)鄉(xiang)、班(ban)仁鄉(xiang)九個鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)和國有林場(chang)，其中庫塘型人(ren)工濕(shi)(shi)地(di)面積(ji)3096.94hm2，永久性(xing)河流(liu)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)61.07 hm2，洪泛平原濕(shi)(shi)地(di)（灘涂）72.45 hm2，稻田人(ren)工濕(shi)(shi)地(di)面積(ji)238.54hm2，濕(shi)(shi)地(di)總(zong)面積(ji)為3469hm2，濕(shi)(shi)地(di)率48.01%。

蒙江國(guo)家濕地公園具有(you)獨(du)特(te)的亞熱帶河谷季雨林(lin)氣(qi)候，眾多的庫灣、庫汊、消落區(qu)等(deng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)境，為野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的陸生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)和水生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)提供了(le)良(liang)好的生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)存環境。據調查，公園內浮(fu)游(you)(you)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)共29科(ke)(ke)(ke)65屬(shu)(shu)77種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，維管束植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)共146科(ke)(ke)(ke)389屬(shu)(shu)635種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)（蕨類(lei)(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)12科(ke)(ke)(ke)12屬(shu)(shu)12種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，裸子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)8科(ke)(ke)(ke)11屬(shu)(shu)15種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，雙子(zi)葉(xie)(xie)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)107科(ke)(ke)(ke)296屬(shu)(shu)512種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，單子(zi)葉(xie)(xie)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)19科(ke)(ke)(ke)70屬(shu)(shu)96種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)）。有(you)國(guo)家保護(hu)珍稀(xi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)十三種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)中(zhong)掌葉(xie)(xie)木為國(guo)家Ⅰ級(ji)(ji)保護(hu)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，貴(gui)州(zhou)特(te)有(you)的貴(gui)州(zhou)金花茶為瀕臨(lin)滅絕的珍稀(xi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。項目(mu)(mu)區(qu)內浮(fu)游(you)(you)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)計6目(mu)(mu)19科(ke)(ke)(ke)59種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，水生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)節肢動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、環節動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、軟體(ti)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)計3目(mu)(mu)10科(ke)(ke)(ke)19種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，魚(yu)類(lei)(lei)、兩棲(qi)(qi)類(lei)(lei)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、爬行動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)類(lei)(lei)、鳥類(lei)(lei)和獸類(lei)(lei)31目(mu)(mu)105科(ke)(ke)(ke)411種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，國(guo)家Ⅰ級(ji)(ji)保護(hu)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，包括蟒(mang)、林(lin)麝；國(guo)家Ⅱ級(ji)(ji)保護(hu)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)26種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，包括大鯢、獼猴(hou)、紅腹錦雞等(deng)。斑鳠、倒刺鲃、白甲魚(yu)、鰻鱺等(deng)25種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)水生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)列于國(guo)家重(zhong)點保護(hu)經(jing)濟水生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)資源名(ming)錄。暖濕的氣(qi)候，良(liang)好的生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)境是水生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、鳥類(lei)(lei)和其(qi)它生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)棲(qi)(qi)息(xi)的天(tian)堂。

蒙(meng)江(jiang)國(guo)家濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公園是珠江(jiang)上(shang)游和(he)龍灘(tan)水電(dian)站(zhan)庫區的重(zhong)要生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)屏障。公園建(jian)設以(yi)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)系(xi)統的物種多樣性為基調，以(yi)亞熱(re)帶河谷(gu)季雨林植被景觀、水庫和(he)周邊深厚(hou)純樸(pu)的布依族、苗族濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)民(min)俗風情為特色，以(yi)保(bao)(bao)護珠江(jiang)上(shang)游及龍灘(tan)水電(dian)站(zhan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)安全、保(bao)(bao)護珠江(jiang)上(shang)游特有魚類種質資源環(huan)境為目標，建(jian)設融濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)保(bao)(bao)育、濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)恢復(fu)(fu)、防洪調蓄、能(neng)源開發、濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)功能(neng)展示(shi)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)觀光、科(ke)普(pu)教育、休(xiu)閑度假、文(wen)化娛樂等(deng)多功能(neng)于(yu)一(yi)體(ti)的國(guo)家濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公園。以(yi)保(bao)(bao)護紅(hong)水河一(yi)級(ji)(ji)支(zhi)流蒙(meng)江(jiang)河谷(gu)、二級(ji)(ji)支(zhi)流壩王(wang)河、高(gao)于(yu)河河谷(gu)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)系(xi)統為主，立(li)足濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)保(bao)(bao)育，突出(chu)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)恢復(fu)(fu)及水資源保(bao)(bao)護、維護區域(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)平衡和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物多樣性，凸(tu)顯蒙(meng)江(jiang)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)特色及其(qi)在珠江(jiang)流域(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)安全保(bao)(bao)護的典型示(shi)范作用。