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基本介紹

貴(gui)州羅甸蒙(meng)江(jiang)(jiang)國家濕地(di)公園地(di)處黔南(nan)布依族苗(miao)族自治州羅甸縣中南(nan)部，屬珠江(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)系紅水(shui)(shui)河上(shang)游，位于(yu)貴(gui)州省(sheng)重(zhong)點調查與監測濕地(di)—龍(long)灘(tan)庫區濕地(di)區范圍內，是珠江(jiang)(jiang)上(shang)游重(zhong)要的(de)水(shui)(shui)產(chan)種質資源(yuan)地(di)之(zhi)一(yi)。龍(long)灘(tan)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)站大(da)壩蓄水(shui)(shui)后，紅水(shui)(shui)河及(ji)其支流兩岸的(de)山巒兀立于(yu)水(shui)(shui)面，整個(ge)水(shui)(shui)面形成了眾多獨具特色的(de)半(ban)島及(ji)島嶼。群峰(feng)高(gao)昂，碧波蕩漾，島嶼、半(ban)島星羅棋布，是深藏在黔桂(gui)兩省(sheng)交界萬山叢中的(de)一(yi)顆明珠。

濕(shi)地(di)公園總(zong)面(mian)積7226.11 hm2，地(di)處北緯25°15′4″～25°25′34″，東經106°34′29″～106°55′33″之間。濕(shi)地(di)公園涉及逢亭鎮(zhen)(zhen)、龍坪(ping)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、溝亭鄉(xiang)(xiang)、羅悃鎮(zhen)(zhen)、八總(zong)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、茂井鎮(zhen)(zhen)、大亭鄉(xiang)(xiang)、鳳(feng)亭鄉(xiang)(xiang)、班仁鄉(xiang)(xiang)九個鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)和國有林(lin)場(chang)，其中庫(ku)塘型人(ren)工濕(shi)地(di)面(mian)積3096.94hm2，永(yong)久性河流濕(shi)地(di)61.07 hm2，洪泛平原(yuan)濕(shi)地(di)（灘涂）72.45 hm2，稻田人(ren)工濕(shi)地(di)面(mian)積238.54hm2，濕(shi)地(di)總(zong)面(mian)積為3469hm2，濕(shi)地(di)率48.01%。

蒙江國(guo)家(jia)(jia)濕(shi)地公(gong)園具(ju)有(you)獨特(te)的(de)(de)亞熱帶河谷季(ji)雨林(lin)氣(qi)(qi)候，眾多的(de)(de)庫灣(wan)、庫汊、消落區(qu)等生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)境，為(wei)野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)陸(lu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)和水生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)提供了良好(hao)的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)存環境。據調(diao)查，公(gong)園內浮游植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)共(gong)29科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)65屬(shu)77種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，維(wei)管束植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)共(gong)146科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)389屬(shu)635種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)（蕨類植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)12科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)12屬(shu)12種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，裸子植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)8科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)11屬(shu)15種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，雙子葉植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)107科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)296屬(shu)512種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，單(dan)子葉植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)19科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)70屬(shu)96種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)）。有(you)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)珍稀植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)十三種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)中掌葉木為(wei)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)Ⅰ級保(bao)(bao)護(hu)野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，貴州(zhou)特(te)有(you)的(de)(de)貴州(zhou)金花(hua)茶為(wei)瀕臨滅絕的(de)(de)珍稀植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。項(xiang)目區(qu)內浮游動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)計(ji)6目19科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)59種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，水生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)節(jie)肢(zhi)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、環節(jie)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、軟體動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)計(ji)3目10科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)19種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，魚(yu)類、兩棲類動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、爬行動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)類、鳥類和獸類31目105科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)411種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，國(guo)家(jia)(jia)Ⅰ級保(bao)(bao)護(hu)野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，包括蟒、林(lin)麝；國(guo)家(jia)(jia)Ⅱ級保(bao)(bao)護(hu)野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)26種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，包括大(da)鯢、獼猴、紅腹錦雞等。斑鳠(hu)、倒刺鲃(ba)、白甲魚(yu)、鰻鱺(li)等25種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)水生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)列于(yu)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)重點保(bao)(bao)護(hu)經(jing)濟水生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)資源名錄。暖濕(shi)的(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)候，良好(hao)的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)境是水生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、鳥類和其(qi)它生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)棲息的(de)(de)天(tian)堂。

蒙(meng)江(jiang)國家(jia)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公園是珠江(jiang)上游(you)(you)和龍灘水電(dian)站(zhan)庫區的(de)重要生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)屏障。公園建(jian)(jian)設以濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系統(tong)的(de)物種多樣(yang)性為基調，以亞(ya)熱帶河(he)谷(gu)季雨林植被景觀(guan)、水庫和周邊(bian)深厚純樸的(de)布依族、苗族濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)民俗風情為特色，以保護珠江(jiang)上游(you)(you)及(ji)龍灘水電(dian)站(zhan)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)安(an)全、保護珠江(jiang)上游(you)(you)特有魚類種質資源(yuan)(yuan)環(huan)境(jing)為目標(biao)，建(jian)(jian)設融濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)保育(yu)、濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)恢(hui)復、防洪調蓄、能源(yuan)(yuan)開發、濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)功能展示、生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)觀(guan)光(guang)、科普教育(yu)、休閑(xian)度假、文化娛樂等(deng)多功能于一體的(de)國家(jia)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公園。以保護紅水河(he)一級(ji)支流蒙(meng)江(jiang)河(he)谷(gu)、二級(ji)支流壩王河(he)、高于河(he)河(he)谷(gu)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系統(tong)為主，立足濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)保育(yu)，突出濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)恢(hui)復及(ji)水資源(yuan)(yuan)保護、維護區域(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)平衡和生(sheng)(sheng)物多樣(yang)性，凸顯(xian)蒙(meng)江(jiang)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)特色及(ji)其(qi)在珠江(jiang)流域(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)安(an)全保護的(de)典型示范(fan)作用。