湖南平江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)黃(huang)(huang)金河國家濕(shi)地公(gong)園依托平江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)縣黃(huang)(huang)金洞鄉境內的黃(huang)(huang)金河、黃(huang)(huang)金洞水庫(ku)及周邊部分(fen)森林而(er)建(jian)設。濕(shi)地公(gong)園距平江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)縣城72公(gong)里,位于汨羅(luo)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)源頭(tou),規劃總面積637.7公(gong)頃,地理坐標(biao)為北(bei)緯(wei)28°40′44″~28°36′19″,東經113°59′22″~114°05′20″。
這里資源豐富(fu),風光旖旎,讓(rang)人心馳(chi)神往。擬建的(de)黃(huang)(huang)金河(he)濕(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園濕(shi)地(di)(di)面(mian)積428.9公(gong)頃,占規(gui)劃總面(mian)積的(de)67.25%。包(bao)括河(he)流濕(shi)地(di)(di)、沼澤濕(shi)地(di)(di)、人工(gong)濕(shi)地(di)(di)3大(da)濕(shi)地(di)(di)類(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)永久(jiu)性河(he)流、森(sen)(sen)林(lin)沼澤、草本沼澤、庫塘、水產(chan)養殖場(chang)(chang)和稻田6種(zhong)(zhong)濕(shi)地(di)(di)型(xing)。黃(huang)(huang)金河(he)濕(shi)地(di)(di)是(shi)汨羅江源頭三大(da)支流之一(yi)的(de)黃(huang)(huang)金河(he)修(xiu)筑攔(lan)水壩(ba)形成的(de)復合型(xing)濕(shi)地(di)(di),它是(shi)30多(duo)萬畝茂密森(sen)(sen)林(lin)擁抱,崇(chong)山(shan)峻嶺(ling)間的(de)生態明珠。在(zai)數十萬畝森(sen)(sen)林(lin)中有(you)各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)的(de)針葉(xie)林(lin)、闊(kuo)葉(xie)林(lin)、針闊(kuo)混(hun)交林(lin)、灌木林(lin),還(huan)零星分布著數千(qian)畝次生林(lin)。由于攔(lan)水壩(ba)的(de)作用使濕(shi)地(di)(di)水面(mian)擴大(da),孕育出(chu)眾多(duo)類(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)的(de)濕(shi)地(di)(di)植被,為各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)珍稀魚(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)、兩棲類(lei)(lei)(lei)、爬行(xing)類(lei)(lei)(lei)和鳥類(lei)(lei)(lei)動物(wu)繁衍生息提供了(le)極佳(jia)的(de)場(chang)(chang)所(suo)。呈(cheng)現(xian)出(chu)溝壑縱橫、水岸蜿蜒,山(shan)清水秀(xiu),碧水藍天,山(shan)水相映(ying),水鳥穿梭,生機勃(bo)勃(bo)的(de)濕(shi)地(di)(di)景觀。
這里(li)是(shi)森(sen)林(lin)與濕地(di)復合生(sheng)態(tai)系統的(de)(de)典(dian)型(xing)代表,生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)多樣性(xing)極為豐富(fu)。地(di)處羅霄山腹地(di)的(de)(de)黃金(jin)河濕地(di),氣候溫(wen)暖(nuan),雨水(shui)充沛(pei),森(sen)林(lin)廣茂,孕(yun)育了極為豐富(fu)的(de)(de)動(dong)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)資源。調查發現(xian)公(gong)園(yuan)內(nei)有(you)維管束植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)243種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),隸(li)屬于95科,其中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)家Ⅰ、Ⅱ級保(bao)護植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)水(shui)杉(shan)、香樟、厚樸和(he)金(jin)蕎麥4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),典(dian)型(xing)的(de)(de)水(shui)生(sheng)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)21種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。在水(shui)庫邊仍(reng)保(bao)留著幾株千(qian)年古樹,森(sen)林(lin)沼(zhao)澤更是(shi)珍稀的(de)(de)濕地(di)類型(xing)。調查中(zhong)(zhong)發現(xian)脊椎動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)189種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),隸(li)屬于5綱(gang)27目71科。其中(zhong)(zhong),國(guo)家Ⅱ級重點保(bao)護動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)虎紋蛙(wa)、赤腹鷹、雀鷹、松雀鷹、燕隼、紅(hong)隼、領角鸮(xiao)、領鵂(xiu)(xiu)鶹、斑頭鵂(xiu)(xiu)鶹等9種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);《瀕危動(dong)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)際(ji)貿易(yi)公(gong)約(yue)》的(de)(de)鳥類11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),國(guo)家林(lin)業局(ju)規定的(de)(de)"三(san)有(you)"保(bao)護動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)110種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);湖南省保(bao)護動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)90種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)特(te)有(you)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)達(da)35種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。
這(zhe)里(li)(li)歷(li)(li)史文(wen)化(hua)內涵深厚,彰(zhang)顯了璀璨的(de)人文(wen)魅力。汨羅江(jiang)是(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)江(jiang)縣的(de)母(mu)親河,她承(cheng)載了屈原、杜甫兩位世界(jie)歷(li)(li)史文(wen)化(hua)明人的(de)歸宿(su)地(di);在(zai)(zai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)江(jiang)這(zhe)塊紅色熱土上,曾(ceng)發(fa)生過"平(ping)(ping)(ping)江(jiang)起(qi)義(yi)"、"平(ping)(ping)(ping)江(jiang)慘案"、"三月撲(pu)城"等重大歷(li)(li)史革命事(shi)件,走出了63位共和(he)國將軍。黃(huang)金(jin)洞水(shui)庫原為(wei)黃(huang)金(jin)洞鄉(xiang)府(fu)所在(zai)(zai)地(di),曾(ceng)經(jing)爆發(fa)了黃(huang)金(jin)礦礦警(jing)起(qi)義(yi),策應(ying)了由(you)毛澤東領導(dao)的(de)湘(xiang)贛邊(bian)界(jie)秋收起(qi)義(yi);"平(ping)(ping)(ping)江(jiang)起(qi)義(yi)"后這(zhe)里(li)(li)成為(wei)了湘(xiang)鄂贛蘇區的(de)后方陣地(di),湘(xiang)鄂贛蘇維(wei)埃政府(fu)的(de)工農銀行、兵工廠(chang)、被服(fu)廠(chang)、醫(yi)院、制藥廠(chang)、硝鹽(yan)廠(chang)等轉移或成立在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)里(li)(li);"平(ping)(ping)(ping)江(jiang)慘案"中(zhong),新四軍司令(ling)部秘(mi)書曾(ceng)金(jin)聲(sheng)等6人被活(huo)埋在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)里(li)(li)的(de)英烈(lie)嶺,3萬多(duo)愛國志士在(zai)(zai)多(duo)次反圍剿(jiao)中(zhong),用(yong)鮮血(xue)將這(zhe)里(li)(li)的(de)山水(shui)染紅。
這里(li)生(sheng)態區位重(zhong)要(yao),是(shi)一片需要(yao)保護(hu)的(de)土地。黃(huang)金(jin)河濕地是(shi)汨羅(luo)江源頭重(zhong)要(yao)濕地,在涵養水(shui)源、減緩(huan)徑流、儲水(shui)發電、蓄洪防旱(han)、調節氣候,保護(hu)飲用水(shui)源和(he)生(sheng)物多(duo)樣性等方面發揮著(zhu)極(ji)其重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)作用,黃(huang)金(jin)河濕地是(shi)汨羅(luo)江和(he)平江縣生(sheng)態系(xi)統的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)組成,是(shi)保障汨羅(luo)江和(he)平江縣生(sheng)態安全的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)屏障。然(ran)而,由于缺乏有效保護(hu)措施,砍伐林木(mu)、捕殺(sha)候鳥(niao)現象也(ye)時有發生(sheng)。
湖南(nan)平江(jiang)(jiang)黃(huang)金河(he)國家(jia)濕地(di)(di)(di)公園堅持 "保護(hu)優先(xian)、科(ke)學恢(hui)復(fu)、合理(li)(li)(li)利用、持續發(fa)展(zhan)"的(de)基(ji)本原則,以保護(hu)濕地(di)(di)(di)水(shui)禽棲息地(di)(di)(di),豐(feng)富濕地(di)(di)(di)生物多樣性(xing),提(ti)高(gao)生態(tai)系(xi)統服(fu)務(wu)功能,改善平江(jiang)(jiang)縣生態(tai)質量為(wei)主要目的(de),將黃(huang)金河(he)濕地(di)(di)(di)公園區(qu)(qu)劃(hua)為(wei)保護(hu)保育(yu)區(qu)(qu)、恢(hui)復(fu)重建區(qu)(qu)、管理(li)(li)(li)服(fu)務(wu)區(qu)(qu)、宣教(jiao)展(zhan)示區(qu)(qu)、合理(li)(li)(li)利用區(qu)(qu)五個功能區(qu)(qu),分別占規劃(hua)總(zong)面積的(de)88.31%、1.55%、0.60%、1.18%和(he)8.36%。通過實施生態(tai)保護(hu),資源合理(li)(li)(li)利用等九大工程。將黃(huang)金河(he)濕地(di)(di)(di)公園建設成以濕地(di)(di)(di)生態(tai)系(xi)統,生物多樣性(xing)保護(hu)為(wei)核心,以秀美的(de)濕地(di)(di)(di)景觀,豐(feng)富的(de)濕地(di)(di)(di)文(wen)化(hua)和(he)璀(cui)璨的(de)紅(hong)色文(wen)化(hua)為(wei)內涵,集生態(tai)觀光、文(wen)化(hua)體驗(yan)、心靈凈化(hua)、科(ke)研宣教(jiao)于(yu)一體的(de)國家(jia)級濕地(di)(di)(di)公園。
平江縣(xian)委(wei)、縣(xian)政府(fu)高(gao)度(du)重(zhong)視(shi)黃(huang)金河國(guo)家濕地(di)公園建設,將其列為(wei)全縣(xian)重(zhong)點工程之一(yi)。目前,已成立了建設領(ling)導(dao)小(xiao)組和建設指揮部,全縣(xian)人(ren)民對公園建設翹首(shou)以盼。我(wo)們有(you)理由相(xiang)信(xin),在(zai)國(guo)家林(lin)業局(ju)及(ji)地(di)方政府(fu)的(de)支持下(xia),我(wo)們有(you)能力,也一(yi)定能夠保護好這份大自然留給我(wo)們的(de)寶貴(gui)財富,使其更加生機(ji)盎然,瑰(gui)麗動人(ren)。