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基本介紹

湖(hu)南瓊(qiong)湖(hu)國家濕地(di)公園地(di)處(chu)(chu)南洞(dong)庭湖(hu)與西(xi)洞(dong)庭湖(hu)2處(chu)(chu)國際重要濕地(di)交匯處(chu)(chu)，資江(jiang)、沅江(jiang)與澧水三水匯合的半島之上，包(bao)括以沅江(jiang)市區為中心，互為連通的后(hou)江(jiang)湖(hu)、蓼葉湖(hu)、上瓊(qiong)湖(hu)、下瓊(qiong)湖(hu)、石磯湖(hu)及胭(yan)脂湖(hu)等湖(hu)泊群構(gou)成，是洞(dong)庭湖(hu)濕地(di)的重要組成部分。地(di)理坐標為：東經112°16′35″～112°23′58″，北緯28°44′36″～28°51′42″。

公園內水域(yu)闊(kuo)廣(guang)、港汊密布、岸線曲折、堤(di)岸自然、林(lin)草豐茂(mao)、景色秀美、觀(guan)賞(shang)性強，與沅江市城區形成(cheng)"濕地-森林(lin)-城市"復合生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系統，濕地生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)特征(zheng)典型、生(sheng)物(wu)多(duo)樣(yang)性豐富(fu)、歷史遺跡(ji)文物(wu)眾多(duo)，人文底蘊深(shen)厚、景觀(guan)資(zi)源組合度高(gao)，是洞庭湖周邊湖泊濕地的典型代(dai)表，保護意義重大。

公(gong)園總面(mian)積(ji)1760.4公(gong)頃，其(qi)中(zhong)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)1702.9公(gong)頃，占規劃面(mian)積(ji)的96.7%。涉(she)及湖泊濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)、沼澤(ze)(ze)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)和人工(gong)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)3大濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)類和永久性淡水湖泊、草本(ben)沼澤(ze)(ze)、運河、輸水河、水產養殖場、庫塘6個濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)型，濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)資(zi)源類型豐富多樣。

公園及周邊(bian)地(di)(di)區有種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子植物543種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，隸屬于(yu)353屬、119科，其中濕地(di)(di)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子植物138種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，有金蕎麥、中華結縷草(cao)等4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國家二級重點(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)植物；古樹名(ming)木(mu)70余(yu)株；有脊椎(zhui)動物共計(ji)5綱30目(mu)73科198種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，魚(yu)類(lei)與鳥類(lei)資源突出，有魚(yu)類(lei)48種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占湖(hu)南已(yi)知(zhi)魚(yu)類(lei)的(de)27.9%；鳥類(lei)110種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占湖(hu)南已(yi)知(zhi)鳥類(lei)的(de)28.7%；有鴛鴦、雀鷹、鳶等國家二級重點(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)動物17種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，生物多(duo)樣性豐富，珍稀(xi)動物眾多(duo)，保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)和科研價(jia)值極高。

公(gong)園所(suo)在(zai)地(di)沅(yuan)江(jiang)市，被(bei)譽為"魚米之鄉"，漁耕文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)深(shen)厚，是(shi)湘楚文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的發(fa)源地(di)，李白、杜甫(fu)、王安石、曾(ceng)(ceng)國藩(fan)、毛澤東(dong)等歷代(dai)名(ming)人(ren)曾(ceng)(ceng)寄寓沅(yuan)江(jiang)，文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)底蘊深(shen)厚；現在(zai)的沅(yuan)江(jiang)市有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)對洞庭(ting)漁耕文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)傳承與發(fa)展的洞庭(ting)漁火節；有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)洞庭(ting)湖標志意(yi)義的雙塔 "凌云塔"、"鎮(zhen)江(jiang)塔"；有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)百年歷史(shi)的木質樓閣(ge)-魁星樓；有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)清朝學(xue)府-古(gu)瓊湖書(shu)院；有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)展示(shi)洞庭(ting)湖歷史(shi)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的洞庭(ting)博物(wu)館，此(ci)外(wai)還有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)湖區特有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的防洪堤與防浪(lang)林；有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)紀念98抗洪勝利的洞庭(ting)閣(ge)，此(ci)外(wai)還有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)悠久的船文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、知青文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、美食(shi)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、詩歌文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、儺文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)等，文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)資源多姿多彩，人(ren)文(wen)薈萃。公(gong)園內外(wai)的歷史(shi)、濕地(di)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)與風(feng)景資源具有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)很高(gao)的科(ke)學(xue)教育和旅游(you)價值(zhi)。