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基本介紹

湖北五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)百溪河(he)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)濕(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園位于湖北省五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)土(tu)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)族自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，總面積501.9公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)。擬建的(de)湖北五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)百溪河(he)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)濕(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園位于鄂西南宜昌市五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)土(tu)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)族自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)（以下簡稱五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)）中南部(bu)(bu)(bu)，屬云貴高原武陵山脈(mo)北支(zhi)脈(mo)尾(wei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)地(di)(di)帶，是2011年國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)發(fa)布的(de)《武陵山片區(qu)(qu)區(qu)(qu)域發(fa)展(zhan)與(yu)扶貧攻(gong)堅規劃(hua)（2011~2020）》中生態保(bao)護的(de)中心(xin)區(qu)(qu)域。五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)東鄰宜都市、松滋市，西倚鶴峰(feng)(feng)(feng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、巴東縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，南接湖南省石(shi)門(men)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，北毗長(chang)陽土(tu)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)族自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，是一個土(tu)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)族占7成以上的(de)少數民族自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，也是湘鄂西革(ge)命老(lao)根據地(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)一。五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)版圖呈為(wei)東西方(fang)向的(de)長(chang)條(tiao)形(xing)，縱長(chang)達98km，西部(bu)(bu)(bu)最(zui)寬(kuan)處24km，東部(bu)(bu)(bu)最(zui)窄地(di)(di)方(fang)不足(zu)10km，全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)國(guo)(guo)土(tu)面積2372km2。百溪河(he)濕(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園地(di)(di)理坐(zuo)標在東經110°38′52.207″~110°43′39.644″，北緯30°02′35.292″~30°07′12.038″之(zhi)(zhi)間，毗鄰湖北五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)后河(he)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)級自(zi)(zi)然保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)與(yu)湖南壺瓶(ping)山國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)級自(zi)(zi)然保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)間；離(li)長(chang)江水(shui)運港枝城火車站約(yue)(yue)60km，離(li)宜黃高速、滬(hu)蓉高速、318國(guo)(guo)道和三峽國(guo)(guo)際機場(chang)約(yue)(yue)80km，325省道貫穿縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)境，交通(tong)便捷。

百(bai)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)河發源于(yu)五峰縣境(jing)內的(de)(de)獨(du)山，在(zai)雷(lei)打石(shi)進入湖南省石(shi)門縣，經澧水(shui)(shui)入洞(dong)庭湖，是洞(dong)庭湖的(de)(de)發源的(de)(de)之一(yi)，離(li)長(chang)江(jiang)僅60km，是長(chang)江(jiang)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要支流(liu)(liu)之一(yi)。百(bai)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)河及澧水(shui)(shui)支流(liu)(liu)每年向洞(dong)庭湖及長(chang)江(jiang)匯入水(shui)(shui)量數十億立方米。百(bai)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)河在(zai)五峰境(jing)內流(liu)(liu)域面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)164.3km2，河道(dao)長(chang)30.5km，坡降30.0‰。其左岸有兩(liang)條(tiao)較大支流(liu)(liu)：泉河和(he)林溪(xi)(xi)(xi)溝，其中(zhong)，泉河集水(shui)(shui)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)22.7km2，河道(dao)長(chang)度6.8km；林溪(xi)(xi)(xi)溝集水(shui)(shui)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)17.9km2，河道(dao)長(chang)度7.6km。百(bai)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)河水(shui)(shui)能資源豐富，目(mu)前未開發利用。

百溪河(he)濕(shi)地(di)公(gong)園具有(you)其特殊的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)文(wen)狀況、陸地(di)和水(shui)(shui)(shui)域生(sheng)(sheng)態系(xi)統交錯帶作用以及(ji)由此產生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特殊的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)態系(xi)統功能。該(gai)濕(shi)地(di)公(gong)園的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設不(bu)(bu)僅可以有(you)效地(di)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)百溪河(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質，改善局地(di)水(shui)(shui)(shui)土流失(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)狀況，保護(hu)(hu)(hu)其獨特的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多樣性，還可以使(shi)湖(hu)北五峰(feng)后(hou)河(he)國(guo)(guo)家級(ji)自然(ran)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)與湖(hu)南壺瓶山國(guo)(guo)家級(ji)自然(ran)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)有(you)機的(de)(de)(de)(de)連(lian)接為一(yi)體，是對(dui)(dui)這(zhe)塊100多萬畝原始洪(hong)荒(huang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)森林(lin)生(sheng)(sheng)態系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要補(bu)充，更是對(dui)(dui)洞庭湖(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)源頭河(he)流澧(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)效保護(hu)(hu)(hu)，同時對(dui)(dui)洞庭湖(hu)及(ji)長江(jiang)支(zhi)流河(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)效保護(hu)(hu)(hu)起到示范引導(dao)作用。國(guo)(guo)家大(da)(da)(da)江(jiang)大(da)(da)(da)河(he)大(da)(da)(da)湖(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質要想得到根本改善，在各支(zhi)流的(de)(de)(de)(de)源頭建(jian)設各種不(bu)(bu)同類型濕(shi)地(di)公(gong)園或濕(shi)地(di)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)不(bu)(bu)失(shi)為良策之一(yi)。