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基本介紹

利辛西(xi)淝(fei)(fei)河國家濕地公(gong)園東(dong)起呂臺大(da)橋，西(xi)至(zhi)蝴蝶泉(quan)，南達西(xi)淝(fei)(fei)河與茨淮新(xin)河交匯處，北到(dao)S305線馬店(dian)大(da)橋。地理坐標為東(dong)經116°08′01″—116°13′48″，北緯33°02′34″—33°06′14″。濕地公(gong)園范圍包(bao)括(kuo)西(xi)淝(fei)(fei)河中(zhong)游馬店(dian)大(da)橋至(zhi)淝(fei)(fei)河口段，以及西(xi)淝(fei)(fei)河兩側蝴蝶泉(quan)、雙溝(gou)、黑(hei)楊(yang)溝(gou)等庫塘濕地，南北長6.71公(gong)里，東(dong)西(xi)寬9.09公(gong)里，面積791.65公(gong)頃。

利辛西淝河國家濕(shi)地(di)公園內濕(shi)地(di)資源(yuan)豐富。根據《全國濕(shi)地(di)資源(yuan)調查(cha)技術規程（試(shi)行）》的(de)分類系(xi)統(tong)，濕(shi)地(di)公園內濕(shi)地(di)分為河流濕(shi)地(di)、湖(hu)泊濕(shi)地(di)、沼(zhao)澤(ze)濕(shi)地(di)、人工濕(shi)地(di)4大濕(shi)地(di)類和永久性河流、永久性淡水湖(hu)、草(cao)本(ben)沼(zhao)澤(ze)、庫塘、稻田(tian)5個濕(shi)地(di)型。

西淝河濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)總(zong)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)445.75公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)土地(di)(di)(di)總(zong)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)56.31%。其中，永久(jiu)性(xing)河流(liu)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)262.07公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)58.79%，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)總(zong)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)33.10%；永久(jiu)性(xing)淡水湖(hu)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)57.42公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)12.88%，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)總(zong)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)7.25%；草(cao)本沼澤濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)25.85公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)6.10%，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)總(zong)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)3.27%；庫塘(tang)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)96.20公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)21.58%，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)12.15%；稻田濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)4.21公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)0.95%，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)總(zong)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)0.54%。

植物資源

通(tong)過實地調查、標本采集、鑒定，濕(shi)地公園內(nei)高(gao)等植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)共有(you)(you)蕨(jue)類植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)5科(ke)6種(zhong)，裸子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)4科(ke)7種(zhong)，單(dan)子(zi)葉植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)15科(ke)57種(zhong)，雙子(zi)葉植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)67科(ke)212種(zhong)。其中有(you)(you)睡蓮、野大豆(dou)等國(guo)家Ⅱ級保護野生植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)2種(zhong)。

動物資源

濕(shi)地(di)公園內(nei)有哺乳動(dong)(dong)物(wu)5目(mu)5科(ke)8種(zhong)(zhong)，鳥類(lei)15目(mu)33科(ke)132種(zhong)(zhong)，爬行動(dong)(dong)物(wu)3目(mu)5科(ke)11種(zhong)(zhong)，兩棲動(dong)(dong)物(wu)1目(mu)2科(ke)4種(zhong)(zhong)，魚類(lei)5目(mu)7科(ke)16種(zhong)(zhong)。其(qi)中(zhong)，國家Ⅱ級保(bao)護動(dong)(dong)物(wu)14種(zhong)(zhong)：刺猬、白額雁(yan)、白尾鷂、鵲(que)鷂、雀鷹、普通(tong)鵟(kuang)、黑鳶、紅(hong)隼、燕隼、阿穆爾(er)隼、鷹鸮(xiao)、長(chang)耳鸮(xiao)、短耳鸮(xiao)，安徽省Ⅱ級保(bao)護動(dong)(dong)物(wu)33種(zhong)(zhong)，即(ji)黃鼬、狗獾、花(hua)背蟾(chan)蜍(chu)(chu)、中(zhong)華(hua)大(da)蟾(chan)蜍(chu)(chu)、黑斑蛙、鴻(hong)雁(yan)、豆雁(yan)、灰雁(yan)、羅紋鴨(ya)、赤膀鴨(ya)、綠(lv)翅鴨(ya)、綠(lv)頭(tou)鴨(ya)、斑嘴鴨(ya)、白眉鴨(ya)、紅(hong)頭(tou)潛鴨(ya)、青頭(tou)潛鴨(ya)、白眼(yan)潛鴨(ya)、普通(tong)秋沙鴨(ya)、鵪鶉、環(huan)頸雉、四(si)聲杜鵑、大(da)杜鵑、普通(tong)夜鷹、星頭(tou)啄木鳥、大(da)斑啄木鳥、灰頭(tou)綠(lv)啄木鳥、家燕、金腰燕、紅(hong)尾伯勞(lao)、棕背伯勞(lao)、黑枕(zhen)黃鸝(li)、灰喜鵲(que)、暗綠(lv)繡眼(yan)鳥。

地理環境

水文氣候

濕地(di)公(gong)園位于暖溫(wen)(wen)帶半濕潤季風氣(qi)(qi)候區，有明顯(xian)地(di)過渡性特征，主要表(biao)現為季風明顯(xian)，氣(qi)(qi)候溫(wen)(wen)和(he)，雨量適(shi)中(zhong)，光照充(chong)足，無霜期長(chang)，四(si)季分(fen)明，春溫(wen)(wen)多變，夏雨集中(zhong)，秋(qiu)高氣(qi)(qi)爽，冬長(chang)且干。根據近五年(nian)(nian)(nian)氣(qi)(qi)象(xiang)資料(liao)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)15.1℃，極端(duan)最(zui)高溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)37.8℃，極端(duan)最(zui)低溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)-9.5℃；平均(jun)降雨量784.4毫米，年(nian)(nian)(nian)降雨日數平均(jun)為97.5天，常年(nian)(nian)(nian)雨季為6月下旬(xun)至8月中(zhong)旬(xun)；全(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均(jun)日照1797.3小時(shi)，日照百分(fen)率為49.9%；全(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均(jun)相對濕度(du)(du)71%，無霜期226天。