南(nan)(nan)京長江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)新(xin)(xin)濟洲(zhou)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)濕地公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)位(wei)于南(nan)(nan)京市(shi)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)寧區(qu)(qu)(qu),是南(nan)(nan)京首個國(guo)際級濕地公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),濕地公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)包括(kuo)新(xin)(xin)濟洲(zhou)、新(xin)(xin)生(sheng)洲(zhou)、再生(sheng)洲(zhou)、子(zi)母(mu)洲(zhou)和子(zi)匯洲(zhou)五個島嶼以及長江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水域和兩岸灘涂地,總面積(ji)為58.6平方千米(mi)。其中(zhong)(zhong),新(xin)(xin)濟洲(zhou)面積(ji)為9.5平方千米(mi),號稱(cheng)“長江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)蘇(su)第一(yi)洲(zhou)”。從(cong)(cong)城市(shi)生(sheng)態系統(tong)(tong)來看(kan),新(xin)(xin)濟洲(zhou)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)濕地公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)處(chu)于南(nan)(nan)京長江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)最上游,是南(nan)(nan)京區(qu)(qu)(qu)域綠地系統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)重要(yao)組(zu)成部分,對(dui)水資(zi)源調(diao)節和凈化(hua)、生(sheng)物資(zi)源保護作用重大(da),具(ju)有(you)較高的(de)(de)濕地科(ke)研價值;從(cong)(cong)城市(shi)空間來看(kan),新(xin)(xin)濟洲(zhou)處(chu)于江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)蘇(su)沿江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)發展帶起(qi)點,處(chu)于濱(bin)(bin)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)新(xin)(xin)城的(de)(de)服(fu)務半(ban)徑(jing)內,距市(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)心僅有(you)35公(gong)里,隨(sui)著軌道(dao)交通(tong)(tong)、過江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)通(tong)(tong)道(dao)、濱(bin)(bin)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)大(da)道(dao)的(de)(de)規(gui)劃建設,園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)將進一(yi)步拉近(jin)與主城的(de)(de)關系,新(xin)(xin)濟洲(zhou)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)濕地公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)設立(li),將在(zai)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)乃至全市(shi)低碳科(ke)技、綠色經濟發展中(zhong)(zhong),起(qi)著積(ji)極的(de)(de)引(yin)領(ling)示(shi)范作用。
新(xin)(xin)(xin)濟(ji)洲(zhou)濕地(di)(di)(di)公園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),規劃建設五個功能(neng)區新(xin)(xin)(xin)濟(ji)洲(zhou)位于(yu)長江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)南(nan)(nan)京(jing)段,屬于(yu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)中一(yi)島,具體在長江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)三(san)(san)橋上(shang)游(you)16公里,是南(nan)(nan)京(jing)市僅次于(yu)八(ba)卦(gua)洲(zhou)、江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)心洲(zhou)的第三(san)(san)大江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)中島嶼。由于(yu)新(xin)(xin)(xin)濟(ji)洲(zhou)的存在,長江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)南(nan)(nan)京(jing)段江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)被一(yi)分(fen)為二,形成北汊、南(nan)(nan)汊二股水(shui)道。2011年,新(xin)(xin)(xin)濟(ji)洲(zhou)濕地(di)(di)(di)經國(guo)家(jia)林業局批準,成立“江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)蘇南(nan)(nan)京(jing)長江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)濟(ji)洲(zhou)國(guo)家(jia)濕地(di)(di)(di)公園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)”(試點),公園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)位于(yu)南(nan)(nan)京(jing)市江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)寧區,地(di)(di)(di)處(chu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)蘇省長江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)段最(zui)上(shang)游(you),主要包括長江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)低水(shui)位時的新(xin)(xin)(xin)濟(ji)洲(zhou)、新(xin)(xin)(xin)生洲(zhou)、再(zai)生洲(zhou)、子母洲(zhou)和子匯洲(zhou)范(fan)圍(wei)。濕地(di)(di)(di)公園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)規劃總面積2666.8公頃(qing)。
根據規(gui)劃,濕地公(gong)(gong)(gong)園將建(jian)設五(wu)個功能區(qu)(qu),其中濕地保(bao)(bao)護(hu)保(bao)(bao)育(yu)(yu)區(qu)(qu)1755.4公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing),濕地恢復重(zhong)建(jian)區(qu)(qu)261.3公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing),科普宣教(jiao)(jiao)展示區(qu)(qu)65.5公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing),合理利(li)用(yong)示范區(qu)(qu)574.8公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing),綜合管理服務區(qu)(qu)9.8公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)。濕地公(gong)(gong)(gong)園以典型的(de)長江中下(xia)游(you)洲(zhou)灘(tan)濕地生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系統為核心,以長江濕地、數(shu)個永久(jiu)性沙(sha)洲(zhou)與季節(jie)性沙(sha)洲(zhou)、洲(zhou)內(nei)湖塘(tang)和(he)河(he)溪、沼(zhao)澤濕地和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)防護(hu)林復合景(jing)觀為特(te)色(se),是集(ji)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)保(bao)(bao)育(yu)(yu)、科普宣教(jiao)(jiao)、科研監測和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)旅游(you)于一體的(de)國家(jia)級濕地公(gong)(gong)(gong)園。
由于新(xin)濟洲(zhou)的(de)原住民早在幾十年(nian)前因為常年(nian)遭遇長江洪災,被當(dang)地(di)政府安置上岸,而之后新(xin)濟洲(zhou)一(yi)直作為相關科研使(shi)用,洲(zhou)上整體生態(tai)系統(tong)結(jie)構完整,自然景觀獨(du)特,生物(wu)多(duo)樣性豐(feng)富,很多(duo)在陸地(di)上看不到(dao)的(de)珍稀(xi)動(dong)植物(wu),在這(zhe)都(dou)能(neng)見到(dao)。
據(ju)不完(wan)全統(tong)計,濕(shi)地公(gong)園區域共有維管束(shu)植物(wu)(wu)366種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),隸屬(shu)于78科219屬(shu)。包括國家(jia)Ⅰ級重點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)植物(wu)(wu)3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):紅豆杉(shan)、水(shui)(shui)杉(shan)和莼菜,國家(jia)Ⅱ級重點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)植物(wu)(wu)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),分別(bie)是水(shui)(shui)蕨、香樟、蓮、野菱(ling)、重陽(yang)木(mu)。野生動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)中(zhong),有列(lie)為(wei)國家(jia)Ⅱ級重點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)野生動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)如江豚、赤(chi)腹鷹(ying)等(deng)共計12種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);列(lie)入《國家(jia)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)有益的(de)(de)或者有重要經濟、科學研究價值的(de)(de)陸生野生動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)名錄》的(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)達(da)91種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);列(lie)入《瀕危動(dong)(dong)植物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國際貿(mao)易公(gong)約》的(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共計15種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);被列(lie)為(wei)江蘇省重點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)有17種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);另(ling)外,長江新(xin)濟洲國家(jia)濕(shi)地公(gong)園有不少中(zhong)國與日本、中(zhong)國與澳大利亞共同保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)候(hou)鳥(niao)(niao),列(lie)入中(zhong)日候(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)協定的(de)(de)有34種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);列(lie)入中(zhong)澳候(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)協定的(de)(de)有9種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。
新(xin)濟洲國家(jia)濕地公園驗收(shou)通過后(hou),2016年將逐(zhu)步(bu)對(dui)市(shi)民(min)開放(fang)(fang),首(shou)先是向(xiang)科研團(tuan)體(ti)開放(fang)(fang),接著是學生(sheng)團(tuan)體(ti),因為這里還將會建設教育基(ji)地,最后(hou)在(zai)大交通配套的(de)問(wen)題,以及(ji)渡江(jiang)安全保障(zhang)的(de)問(wen)題等解決好后(hou),才會向(xiang)普通市(shi)民(min)開放(fang)(fang)。