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公園簡介

內蒙(meng)(meng)古牛耳河(he)(he)國家濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)位于內蒙(meng)(meng)古大興(xing)安(an)嶺重點國有(you)林(lin)管理局金河(he)(he)林(lin)業局牛耳河(he)(he)林(lin)場生態功(gong)能區內， 地(di)(di)理坐標為(wei)東經121°43′50″~122°31′28″，北緯(wei)51°23′57″~51°35′09″。總(zong)規(gui)劃面積17525.14公(gong)頃，其中(zhong)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)總(zong)面積為(wei)10718.34公(gong)頃，占濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)總(zong)面積的61.16%。濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)內濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)資源豐富，類(lei)型(xing)多樣(yang)，分為(wei)河(he)(he)流濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)和(he)沼(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)兩(liang)個(ge)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)類(lei)，包括永(yong)久性河(he)(he)流濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)、草本(ben)沼(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)、灌叢沼(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)、森林(lin)沼(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)四個(ge)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)型(xing)。

濕地(di)(di)公(gong)園項目(mu)的(de)(de)實施是對牛(niu)耳(er)河(he)(he)流域(yu)(yu)內(nei)汗馬(ma)自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)范圍(wei)以外的(de)(de)濕地(di)(di)資源以及森林生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)進(jin)行保(bao)(bao)護和(he)恢(hui)復，與汗馬(ma)自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)共同構(gou)成結構(gou)完整的(de)(de)牛(niu)耳(er)河(he)(he)河(he)(he)流濕地(di)(di)保(bao)(bao)護系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)，將為(wei)維持區(qu)域(yu)(yu)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)平(ping)衡，保(bao)(bao)持大(da)(da)興安(an)嶺地(di)(di)區(qu)森林生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)完整性發揮重要作用(yong)。同時，對于(yu)進(jin)一步(bu)提高牛(niu)耳(er)河(he)(he)流域(yu)(yu)區(qu)域(yu)(yu)乃(nai)至整個(ge)大(da)(da)興安(an)嶺地(di)(di)區(qu)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環境水(shui)平(ping)，促進(jin)區(qu)域(yu)(yu)經濟社會發展具有十分重要的(de)(de)意義。

功能分區

根據國家濕(shi)(shi)地(di)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)功能區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)劃的(de)理(li)論與原則，結(jie)合(he)牛耳(er)河(he)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)資源分布特點，金河(he)林業局(ju)將牛耳(er)河(he)國家級濕(shi)(shi)地(di)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)劃分為五(wu)大(da)功能區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，即濕(shi)(shi)地(di)保育區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、恢(hui)(hui)復(fu)(fu)重建區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、宣(xuan)教(jiao)展(zhan)(zhan)示(shi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、合(he)理(li)利用(yong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)及(ji)管理(li)服務(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。濕(shi)(shi)地(di)保育區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)面積(ji)(ji)(ji)9332.68公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)，占(zhan)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)面積(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)53.25%，主(zhu)要開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)保護、監(jian)測等必須(xu)的(de)保護管理(li)活動(dong)。恢(hui)(hui)復(fu)(fu)重建區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)面積(ji)(ji)(ji)5756.03公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)，通(tong)過植(zhi)被恢(hui)(hui)復(fu)(fu)、牛軛湖水系(xi)連通(tong)等恢(hui)(hui)復(fu)(fu)工程，逐步恢(hui)(hui)復(fu)(fu)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)周(zhou)邊山體裸露區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域，并連通(tong)現有的(de)河(he)流(liu)水系(xi)與牛軛湖，進一步擴(kuo)大(da)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)面積(ji)(ji)(ji)。濕(shi)(shi)地(di)宣(xuan)教(jiao)展(zhan)(zhan)示(shi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)面積(ji)(ji)(ji)541.23公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)，通(tong)過建設宣(xuan)教(jiao)展(zhan)(zhan)示(shi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，為進入濕(shi)(shi)地(di)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)科考人(ren)員提(ti)供更便利的(de)科研條(tiao)件，展(zhan)(zhan)示(shi)最新科研成果。合(he)理(li)利用(yong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)面積(ji)(ji)(ji)1860.41公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)，主(zhu)要建設項目有牛耳(er)河(he)風景園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、生態(tai)露營地(di)、野外(wai)拓展(zhan)(zhan)基地(di)等。管理(li)服務(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)面積(ji)(ji)(ji)4.73公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)，包括公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)管理(li)機構、服務(wu)接待(dai)以(yi)及(ji)醫(yi)療設施。

動植物資源

內蒙古(gu)牛耳(er)河(he)國家濕(shi)地公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)區(qu)系成分以東西(xi)伯利亞(ya)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)區(qu)成分為主體，同(tong)時，還含(han)有(you)蒙古(gu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)區(qu)成分、東北(bei)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)區(qu)成分及(ji)(ji)華(hua)北(bei)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)區(qu)成分，具有(you)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)區(qu)系成分混雜的特點。據調(diao)查(cha)及(ji)(ji)相關資(zi)料(liao)統計(ji)，濕(shi)地公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)內共(gong)有(you)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)95科(ke)274屬549種。野生動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)資(zi)源(yuan)濕(shi)地公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)豐富的野生植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)資(zi)源(yuan)和良好的自然生態環境，為野生動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)提供了良好的生存(cun)空間。按照動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)地理區(qu)劃，濕(shi)地公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)的動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)屬古(gu)北(bei)界，為典型的寒溫帶針(zhen)葉林動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)。據調(diao)查(cha)及(ji)(ji)相關資(zi)料(liao)統計(ji)牛耳(er)河(he)國家濕(shi)地公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)有(you)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)32目70科(ke)261種。