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公園簡介

內(nei)蒙古(gu)牛耳河國(guo)家濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)位于內(nei)蒙古(gu)大興安嶺重點(dian)國(guo)有(you)林管(guan)理局金河林業(ye)局牛耳河林場(chang)生態(tai)功能(neng)區內(nei)， 地(di)(di)(di)理坐標為(wei)(wei)東經121°43′50″~122°31′28″，北緯(wei)51°23′57″~51°35′09″。總(zong)規劃面(mian)(mian)積17525.14公(gong)(gong)頃，其中濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積為(wei)(wei)10718.34公(gong)(gong)頃，占濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積的(de)61.16%。濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)資源豐富(fu)，類型(xing)多樣，分為(wei)(wei)河流濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)和沼(zhao)澤(ze)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)兩個(ge)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)類，包括(kuo)永久性河流濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)、草本沼(zhao)澤(ze)、灌叢(cong)沼(zhao)澤(ze)、森(sen)林沼(zhao)澤(ze)四個(ge)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)型(xing)。

濕(shi)地(di)公園項(xiang)目的實(shi)施是對牛耳(er)河流域內汗(han)馬自然保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)范圍以(yi)外的濕(shi)地(di)資源以(yi)及森林(lin)(lin)生態(tai)系(xi)統(tong)進行(xing)保護(hu)(hu)和恢復，與汗(han)馬自然保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)共同(tong)構成結構完整(zheng)的牛耳(er)河河流濕(shi)地(di)保護(hu)(hu)系(xi)統(tong)，將為維持(chi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域生態(tai)平(ping)衡，保持(chi)大興安(an)嶺(ling)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)森林(lin)(lin)生態(tai)系(xi)統(tong)完整(zheng)性發(fa)(fa)揮重要作用(yong)。同(tong)時，對于進一步提高牛耳(er)河流域區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域乃至(zhi)整(zheng)個大興安(an)嶺(ling)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)生態(tai)環境水平(ping)，促(cu)進區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域經(jing)濟社會發(fa)(fa)展具(ju)有(you)十(shi)分重要的意義。

功能分區

根據國家(jia)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地公園(yuan)功(gong)能(neng)區(qu)(qu)劃(hua)的(de)理(li)論與原則，結合牛耳河濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地資(zi)源分布特點(dian)，金河林業局將(jiang)牛耳河國家(jia)級濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地公園(yuan)劃(hua)分為五大功(gong)能(neng)區(qu)(qu)，即(ji)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地保(bao)(bao)育區(qu)(qu)、恢(hui)(hui)復(fu)重建(jian)(jian)區(qu)(qu)、宣(xuan)教展示(shi)區(qu)(qu)、合理(li)利用(yong)區(qu)(qu)及管(guan)理(li)服務(wu)區(qu)(qu)。濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地保(bao)(bao)育區(qu)(qu)總面積(ji)9332.68公頃(qing)(qing)(qing)，占公園(yuan)總面積(ji)的(de)53.25%，主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)開展保(bao)(bao)護、監測(ce)等必須的(de)保(bao)(bao)護管(guan)理(li)活動。恢(hui)(hui)復(fu)重建(jian)(jian)區(qu)(qu)總面積(ji)5756.03公頃(qing)(qing)(qing)，通過(guo)植被恢(hui)(hui)復(fu)、牛軛湖水系連通等恢(hui)(hui)復(fu)工程，逐步(bu)恢(hui)(hui)復(fu)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地公園(yuan)周邊(bian)山體裸露區(qu)(qu)域(yu)，并連通現有的(de)河流(liu)水系與牛軛湖，進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)擴大濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地面積(ji)。濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地宣(xuan)教展示(shi)區(qu)(qu)總面積(ji)541.23公頃(qing)(qing)(qing)，通過(guo)建(jian)(jian)設(she)宣(xuan)教展示(shi)區(qu)(qu)，為進(jin)入濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地公園(yuan)的(de)科考人員提供更便利的(de)科研條件(jian)，展示(shi)最新科研成果。合理(li)利用(yong)區(qu)(qu)總面積(ji)1860.41公頃(qing)(qing)(qing)，主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)建(jian)(jian)設(she)項目有牛耳河風(feng)景園(yuan)、生態露營地、野外拓(tuo)展基地等。管(guan)理(li)服務(wu)區(qu)(qu)總面積(ji)4.73公頃(qing)(qing)(qing)，包括公園(yuan)的(de)管(guan)理(li)機構、服務(wu)接待以及醫(yi)療設(she)施(shi)。

動植物資源

內蒙古(gu)牛(niu)耳(er)河國家濕(shi)地(di)(di)公園(yuan)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)系成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)以(yi)東西(xi)伯(bo)利(li)亞植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)為主體，同時，還含有(you)蒙古(gu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)、東北(bei)(bei)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)及(ji)華北(bei)(bei)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)，具有(you)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)系成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)混雜的(de)(de)特點。據調查(cha)(cha)及(ji)相(xiang)關(guan)資料(liao)統(tong)計(ji)，濕(shi)地(di)(di)公園(yuan)內共有(you)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)95科274屬(shu)549種。野生(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)資源濕(shi)地(di)(di)公園(yuan)豐富(fu)的(de)(de)野生(sheng)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)資源和良好的(de)(de)自(zi)然(ran)生(sheng)態環(huan)境，為野生(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)提供了(le)良好的(de)(de)生(sheng)存空間(jian)。按照(zhao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)地(di)(di)理區(qu)(qu)劃，濕(shi)地(di)(di)公園(yuan)的(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)屬(shu)古(gu)北(bei)(bei)界，為典型的(de)(de)寒(han)溫帶針葉林(lin)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)。據調查(cha)(cha)及(ji)相(xiang)關(guan)資料(liao)統(tong)計(ji)牛(niu)耳(er)河國家濕(shi)地(di)(di)公園(yuan)有(you)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)32目70科261種。