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地理環境

洋山河峽谷位于(yu)德江縣(xian)高山鄉南部的(de)洞門阡，距德江縣(xian)城(cheng)28公(gong)里(li)，距鄉政府所在地9公(gong)里(li)， 距303省道1.5公(gong)里(li)，屬(shu)典型的(de)喀斯特地貌，景區(qu)年(nian)平均氣溫13.8－15.5℃，年(nian)平均降(jiang)雨量1250毫米(mi)，各景點(dian)海(hai)拔在680-1120米(mi)不等。

洋(yang)山河(he)詭麗(li)(li)幽深(shen)(shen)的(de)(de)峽谷勾勒出無山不(bu)洞(dong)、無洞(dong)不(bu)奇的(de)(de)美(mei)妙(miao)境界。仙(xian)人(ren)洞(dong)，位于洋(yang)山河(he)峽谷東岸，梨(li)子水(shui)西(xi)側，洞(dong)口(kou)(kou)面向西(xi)，洞(dong)口(kou)(kou)高約(yue)5米(mi)，寬3米(mi)，內(nei)有(you)五個洞(dong)廳，四(si)個條岔(cha)道。據初步(bu)探測，洞(dong)廳面積在(zai)2000平方(fang)米(mi)至20000平方(fang)米(mi)之(zhi)(zhi)間不(bu)等(deng)，廳內(nei)石(shi)(shi)花面積約(yue)3000平方(fang)米(mi)，紅水(shui)河(he)長約(yue)400米(mi)，寬3米(mi)有(you)余，深(shen)(shen)在(zai)0.5至10米(mi)之(zhi)(zhi)間，白(bai)(bai)水(shui)河(he)長100米(mi)左右，寬2米(mi)有(you)余，深(shen)(shen)0.2至1.5米(mi)之(zhi)(zhi)間，黑(hei)水(shui)河(he)長不(bu)過30米(mi)，寬不(bu)過1.3米(mi)，深(shen)(shen)不(bu)過0.8米(mi)。洞(dong)內(nei)處處有(you)景(jing)，環境優(you)美(mei)，靈秀典雅，景(jing)多(duo)集中；洞(dong)內(nei)鐘(zhong)乳(ru)石(shi)(shi)琳瑯滿目、形態(tai)各異，絢(xuan)麗(li)(li)多(duo)姿(zi)，紅色河(he)水(shui)、乳(ru)白(bai)(bai)河(he)水(shui)瀑布、黑(hei)色河(he)水(shui)、梯田石(shi)(shi)幔美(mei)不(bu)勝(sheng)收；紅白(bai)(bai)黑(hei)三色石(shi)(shi)花似如(ru)天女散花；石(shi)(shi)禽、石(shi)(shi)獸、石(shi)(shi)佛、石(shi)(shi)猴(hou)維(wei)妙(miao)維(wei)俏(qiao)；晶瑩透(tou)亮的(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)花、石(shi)(shi)果、石(shi)(shi)蘑菇、石(shi)(shi)葡(pu)萄令(ling)人(ren)垂涎欲滴；大(da)小洞(dong)廳景(jing)物光怪陸(lu)離，典雅秀麗(li)(li)，如(ru)同大(da)雄寶(bao)殿，宛若蘇州園林。博大(da)精深(shen)(shen)的(de)(de)大(da)自然藝術宮(gong)殿令(ling)人(ren)驚嘆(tan)不(bu)已！

主要景點

天坑群

洋(yang)山(shan)河天(tian)(tian)(tian)坑(keng)(keng)(keng)(keng)群沿(yan)著洋(yang)山(shan)河峽(xia)(xia)谷西(xi)側(ce)呈帶(dai)狀分布(bu)幾乎(hu)平行峽(xia)(xia)谷走(zou)(zou)向，包括(kuo)橋(qiao)(qiao)上(shang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)坑(keng)(keng)(keng)(keng)、三巖(yan)阡天(tian)(tian)(tian)坑(keng)(keng)(keng)(keng)、馬家天(tian)(tian)(tian)坑(keng)(keng)(keng)(keng)、大坑(keng)(keng)(keng)(keng)坨天(tian)(tian)(tian)坑(keng)(keng)(keng)(keng)等，其中最具有(you)(you)代表性的是橋(qiao)(qiao)上(shang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)坑(keng)(keng)(keng)(keng)和三巖(yan)阡天(tian)(tian)(tian)坑(keng)(keng)(keng)(keng)。橋(qiao)(qiao)上(shang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)坑(keng)(keng)(keng)(keng)位(wei)于峽(xia)(xia)谷西(xi)側(ce)發(fa)育在(zai)二疊(die)紀(ji)下(xia)統厚(hou)度(du)363—432米(mi)的茅口(kou)組灰(hui)及淺灰(hui)燧石(shi)灰(hui)巖(yan)。與峽(xia)(xia)谷直線(xian)距離300余米(mi)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)坑(keng)(keng)(keng)(keng)縱剖(pou)面(mian)為十字形狀，口(kou)徑270×316米(mi)，深(shen)216米(mi)。在(zai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)坑(keng)(keng)(keng)(keng)西(xi)北(bei)側(ce)上(shang)有(you)(you)一天(tian)(tian)(tian)生橋(qiao)(qiao)，橋(qiao)(qiao)高(gao)(gao)36.5米(mi)，跨度(du)95.5米(mi)，橋(qiao)(qiao)寬21.4米(mi)，從天(tian)(tian)(tian)坑(keng)(keng)(keng)(keng)西(xi)角沿(yan)小道下(xia)30余米(mi)順沿(yan)巖(yan)階(jie)到達天(tian)(tian)(tian)生橋(qiao)(qiao)下(xia)方(fang)可到達天(tian)(tian)(tian)坑(keng)(keng)(keng)(keng)底部(bu)。底部(bu)高(gao)(gao)程和峽(xia)(xia)谷底部(bu)高(gao)(gao)程一致(zhi)，與一溶洞(dong)相連并且有(you)(you)水流溶洞(dong)走(zou)(zou)向西(xi)南方(fang)向200余米(mi)水潛入地(di)下(xia)溶洞(dong)。

龍橋天生橋

位于洋山河上(shang)(shang)游4千(qian)米(mi)處(chu)，橋(qiao)高13米(mi)，跨45.5米(mi)，寬29米(mi)，厚3-10米(mi)，呈東(dong)西(xi)走向(xiang)(xiang)橫(heng)跨，橋(qiao)洞東(dong)頭(tou)緊靠巖壁(bi)，巖石(shi)(shi)傾(qing)(qing)向(xiang)(xiang)125度(du)(du)，傾(qing)(qing)角(jiao)12度(du)(du)，橋(qiao)頭(tou)上(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)懸崖(ya)絕壁(bi)唯有(you)一小道盤旋(xuan)絕壁(bi)到達橋(qiao)上(shang)(shang)。西(xi)橋(qiao)頭(tou)為緩(huan)坡地帶，以往(wang)當河水暴漲(zhang)時龍橋(qiao)是通向(xiang)(xiang)高山上(shang)(shang)唯一的捷(jie)徑。由于橋(qiao)下(xia)(xia)有(you)四根(gen)像(xiang)龍抓狀的石(shi)(shi)墩支撐橋(qiao)身故名叫“龍橋(qiao)”。橋(qiao)下(xia)(xia)溪流清澈見(jian)底。

高山石林

高山石(shi)林(lin)(lin)位于省道(dao)303公(gong)(gong)路(lu)東側，從(cong)打蛇(she)坨(tuo)—豬石(shi)坡—彭家一(yi)(yi)(yi)線(xian)的(de)(de)緩丘地帶上，地表為(wei)紫紅色砂(sha)土(tu)覆蓋，石(shi)林(lin)(lin)成雞窩狀(zhuang)分(fen)布(bu)，分(fen)布(bu)面積由0.2—0.6公(gong)(gong)頃不等(deng)，數量相對多(duo)但是個體較矮，最高的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)在(zai)5-7米且數量較少(shao)，大(da)(da)多(duo)在(zai)1—5米之間為(wei)多(duo)見，石(shi)牙滿地皆是。參差峰巒，千(qian)姿百態，巧奪(duo)天工，乍一(yi)(yi)(yi)看(kan)，正(zheng)如一(yi)(yi)(yi)首軼名(ming)的(de)(de)打油(you)詩(shi)所云：“遠看(kan)大(da)(da)石(shi)頭(tou)，近看(kan)石(shi)頭(tou)大(da)(da)。石(shi)頭(tou)果然大(da)(da)，果然大(da)(da)石(shi)頭(tou)。”但這里的(de)(de)石(shi)頭(tou)與眾不同，它是一(yi)(yi)(yi)幅絕妙的(de)(de)畫，石(shi)林(lin)(lin)為(wei)土(tu)下(xia)溶蝕形成，并有較厚的(de)(de)覆蓋層(ceng)覆蓋。更為(wei)可貴的(de)(de)是在(zai)石(shi)林(lin)(lin)地向東面山望(wang)去滿山遍野的(de)(de)石(shi)牙極為(wei)壯觀，仿(fang)佛是一(yi)(yi)(yi)幅馬賽克面具。

洋山河峽谷

位(wei)于梨子(zi)水(shui)西側東(dong)經108°7′37.39″，北(bei)緯(wei)28°25′21.2″谷(gu)低(di)高程746米，谷(gu)長3千米，谷(gu)深170—200米，峽(xia)(xia)(xia)谷(gu)寬110—180米的(de)“U”型(xing)峽(xia)(xia)(xia)谷(gu)，峽(xia)(xia)(xia)谷(gu)巖壁旁發育有石柱(zhu)，溶洞(dong)，及小型(xing)天(tian)生橋5座，峽(xia)(xia)(xia)谷(gu)為地(di)表河(he)向(xiang)地(di)下河(he)轉化(hua)的(de)末端河(he)道。兩側植(zhi)被保(bao)護完好。峽(xia)(xia)(xia)谷(gu)底部(bu)(bu)有小溪流淌(tang)，兩岸(an)是(shi)連綿的(de)陡(dou)崖(ya)，肩部(bu)(bu)為小煤窯留下的(de)小道，頂部(bu)(bu)是(shi)平緩起伏的(de)喀斯特峰叢景觀(guan)。峽(xia)(xia)(xia)谷(gu)北(bei)部(bu)(bu)與寬谷(gu)相連，而南(nan)部(bu)(bu)末端為石板橋穿洞(dong)，從(cong)而通(tong)過穿洞(dong)與沙河(he)壩相連。

洋(yang)(yang)(yang)山(shan)河(he)(he)峽(xia)谷峽(xia)長3000米(mi)，靈山(shan)合攏，秀(xiu)水(shui)(shui)溪流，氣候(hou)宜(yi)人，風光(guang)秀(xiu)麗(li)，河(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)從北向南(nan)，巖(yan)(yan)溶景觀發(fa)育相對集(ji)中(zhong)，景觀配套(tao)性好，由洋(yang)(yang)(yang)山(shan)河(he)(he)峽(xia)谷、洋(yang)(yang)(yang)山(shan)河(he)(he)天(tian)(tian)(tian)坑群(qun)、洋(yang)(yang)(yang)山(shan)河(he)(he)溶洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)群(qun)組(zu)成，包括橋(qiao)上天(tian)(tian)(tian)坑、馬(ma)家天(tian)(tian)(tian)坑、三(san)巖(yan)(yan)阡(qian)天(tian)(tian)(tian)坑等，洋(yang)(yang)(yang)山(shan)河(he)(he)天(tian)(tian)(tian)生(sheng)橋(qiao)群(qun)和(he)(he)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)穴群(qun)，包括仙人洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、石(shi)板橋(qiao)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、黑洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、橋(qiao)上水(shui)(shui)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、七洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、櫻桃門(men)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、挑水(shui)(shui)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、當門(men)灣1號(hao)(hao)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、當門(men)灣2號(hao)(hao)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、劉家坨(tuo)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、徐家坨(tuo)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、洋(yang)(yang)(yang)山(shan)河(he)(he)羊水(shui)(shui)1號(hao)(hao)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、洋(yang)(yang)(yang)山(shan)河(he)(he)羊水(shui)(shui)2號(hao)(hao)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)等12個洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)穴和(he)(he)多條地(di)(di)下河(he)(he)，以及(ji)峽(xia)谷邊坡上的(de)柱(zhu)狀(zhuang)石(shi)峰、牛(niu)鼻子(zi)(zi)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)穴、陡崖(ya)、瀑布、梨子(zi)(zi)水(shui)(shui)石(shi)林等景點組(zu)成，同時景區(qu)較高的(de)森林覆蓋率和(he)(he)得天(tian)(tian)(tian)獨厚的(de)自然條件還成就了(le)中(zhong)國地(di)(di)理(li)標志產品－天(tian)(tian)(tian)麻。根(gen)據景區(qu)景點的(de)分(fen)布情(qing)況(kuang)和(he)(he)特點，筆(bi)者(zhe)認為，可定(ding)位(wei)為巖(yan)(yan)溶地(di)(di)貌研(yan)究(jiu)科普基(ji)地(di)(di)，在戰略空間布局上可以規劃為巖(yan)(yan)溶峽(xia)谷與地(di)(di)下河(he)(he)觀光(guang)區(qu)、三(san)色溶洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)河(he)(he)與天(tian)(tian)(tian)生(sheng)橋(qiao)觀光(guang)區(qu)、天(tian)(tian)(tian)麻種植(zhi)畜牧養(yang)殖與巖(yan)(yan)溶天(tian)(tian)(tian)坑觀光(guang)體驗區(qu)、石(shi)林與洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)佛(fo)寺青少年拓(tuo)展訓練區(qu)。