形成過程
云(yun)龍(long)河地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)至少形(xing)成(cheng)于5千(qian)萬年前,從地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)頂部(bu)到地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)底(di)部(bu)的地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)層主要(yao)為(wei)形(xing)成(cheng)于2.1-2.9億(yi)(yi)年間、跨二迭(die)(die)(die)與(yu)三迭(die)(die)(die)紀(ji)的灰巖(yan);全長3.6千(qian)米、平均(jun)深75米,平均(jun)寬15米,兩(liang)岸(an)(an)陡峭(qiao),飛瀑(pu)狂瀉、縫(feng)(feng)(feng)底(di)流(liu)(liu)(liu)水潺潺,上(shang)通天(tian)水暗(an)(an)河,下(xia)(xia)聯莽(mang)莽(mang)清江。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)上(shang)共有(you)7條(tiao)半(ban)瀑(pu)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(有(you)一(yi)(yi)條(tiao)瀑(pu)布(bu)(bu)(bu)叫“半(ban)流(liu)(liu)(liu)瀑(pu)”,豐水期(qi)(qi)有(you),枯水期(qi)(qi)無,故稱半(ban)條(tiao)瀑(pu)布(bu)(bu)(bu))。大(da)家看到的云(yun)龍(long)橋(qiao)(qiao)上(shang)游那條(tiao)瀑(pu)布(bu)(bu)(bu),該瀑(pu)布(bu)(bu)(bu)水質(zhi)清澈且在(zai)太(tai)陽(yang)下(xia)(xia)出現彩虹,游客(ke)如果有(you)幸見到這(zhe)道彩虹,必然顯貴發達。云(yun)龍(long)橋(qiao)(qiao)下(xia)(xia)游的那條(tiao)瀑(pu)布(bu)(bu)(bu),名(ming)為(wei)開(kai)陽(yang)瀑(pu)布(bu)(bu)(bu),瀑(pu)布(bu)(bu)(bu)中(zhong)含(han)有(you)黃鐵(tie)礦,天(tian)長日(ri)久沖刷卵石,石頭就變(bian)成(cheng)了五彩顏色,又叫五彩黃龍(long)瀑(pu)布(bu)(bu)(bu),下(xia)(xia)方(fang)即(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)五彩河。神話中(zhong)女媧(wa)補天(tian)所用(yong)的五彩石,正是(shi)(shi)(shi)這(zhe)種石頭。云(yun)龍(long)河地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)曾是(shi)(shi)(shi)云(yun)龍(long)河的伏流(liu)(liu)(liu)段(duan),以暗(an)(an)河形(xing)式沉睡地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)二、三千(qian)萬年,后因水流(liu)(liu)(liu)在(zai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)強烈掏蝕(shi),在(zai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)表不斷(duan)(duan)剝蝕(shi)、致使暗(an)(an)河頂部(bu)坍塌,地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)才得于面(mian)世,成(cheng)為(wei)恩施大(da)峽谷一(yi)(yi)大(da)奇觀(guan)。中(zhong)國地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)大(da)學實地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)考證,這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)世界上(shang)唯一(yi)(yi)兩(liang)岸(an)(an)不同地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)年代的地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)。右岸(an)(an)為(wei)1.8-2.3億(yi)(yi)年前形(xing)成(cheng)的三迭(die)(die)(die)紀(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)層,左岸(an)(an)是(shi)(shi)(shi)2.5-2.8億(yi)(yi)年前形(xing)成(cheng)的二迭(die)(die)(die)紀(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)層。原因是(shi)(shi)(shi):在(zai)早期(qi)(qi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)殼變(bian)動中(zhong)由于斷(duan)(duan)裂作(zuo)用(yong),使三迭(die)(die)(die)紀(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)層與(yu)二迭(die)(die)(die)紀(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)層呈斷(duan)(duan)層接觸,后經過山地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)抬升和水流(liu)(liu)(liu)沿斷(duan)(duan)裂薄弱帶(dai)長期(qi)(qi)下(xia)(xia)切、侵蝕(shi),而形(xing)成(cheng)現在(zai)的深谷地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)。
主要景點
“一核(he)”是云龍河地(di)縫景(jing)觀(guan)最為精(jing)華的(de)區(qu)域,它涵蓋云龍橋北(bei)部至老橋南部區(qu)域,在這個核(he)心區(qu)內,規(gui)劃有主題(ti)觀(guan)光(guang)和互動(dong)體驗(yan)兩大類差異(yi)化的(de)旅游(you)項目,觀(guan)光(guang)區(qu)與拓展區(qu)通過棧道系統(tong)有機聯系組合,共同構筑云龍河地(di)縫景(jing)區(qu)內主題(ti)觀(guan)光(guang)互動(dong)體驗(yan)核(he)心區(qu)的(de)完(wan)整游(you)覽環線。具(ju)體設置(zhi)如下:
主題觀光區云龍勝景
云(yun)(yun)龍橋至老橋區(qu)域(yu)(yu)之間的(de)(de)天然峽(xia)谷區(qu)域(yu)(yu)是(shi)云(yun)(yun)龍河地縫(feng)之中峽(xia)谷景觀特(te)色最為(wei)集(ji)(ji)中的(de)(de)區(qu)域(yu)(yu),通過對該區(qu)域(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)環境(jing)整治、旅游設(she)施配置,使其成(cheng)為(wei)最能集(ji)(ji)中展示(shi)云(yun)(yun)龍河地縫(feng)秀美壯麗峽(xia)谷景觀的(de)(de)主題(ti)觀光區(qu)域(yu)(yu),同時該區(qu)域(yu)(yu)也(ye)是(shi)云(yun)(yun)龍河地縫(feng)景區(qu)旅游服務(wu)、旅游管理和基礎設(she)施的(de)(de)集(ji)(ji)中布局區(qu)。
互動體驗區峽谷丹心
由云龍河(he)老橋往(wang)南,在地縫(feng)東(dong)岸(an)絕壁修建棧道,通(tong)過索橋連接西岸(an),再(zai)修建繩梯下至河(he)谷(gu)底部(bu),結合峽(xia)谷(gu)底部(bu)兩岸(an)地形特色,將傳(chuan)統拓展(zhan)運動(dong)設施以峽(xia)谷(gu)棧道步行(xing)系統展(zhan)示出來,將其打造(zao)成為一天然的峽(xia)谷(gu)拓展(zhan)主題互動(dong)區。
峽谷激情漂流帶
由地縫(feng)頂部修建垂(chui)直(zhi)觀(guan)光(guang)電梯至峽(xia)谷底(di)部,再(zai)沿(yan)地縫(feng)底(di)部云龍(long)河沿(yan)線(xian),開展峽(xia)谷漂(piao)流(liu)項目(mu),打造以水上(shang)體驗運(yun)動為主(zhu)題的(de)激情漂(piao)流(liu)風光(guang)帶,通(tong)過對沿(yan)線(xian)河道的(de)整(zheng)(zheng)治,形成完整(zheng)(zheng)的(de)云龍(long)河水系特色景觀(guan)帶,串(chuan)連起“一核”“一區”。
地縫探秘科普體驗區
由(you)云龍(long)橋北(bei)部(bu)現有(you)步道下至地(di)(di)縫(feng)谷(gu)底,往(wang)北(bei)行(xing)走(zou),峽(xia)谷(gu)兩(liang)岸地(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)露出層明(ming)顯,受地(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)構(gou)(gou)造運動、尤其是(shi)喜馬拉雅新構(gou)(gou)造運動以來的(de)(de)內(nei)力作用影(ying)響和清江水系(xi)為主的(de)(de)外力侵蝕作用,云龍(long)河水系(xi)與地(di)(di)縫(feng)沿(yan)途象形山石眾(zhong)多,地(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)景(jing)觀等(deng)非常壯觀,集中再現了地(di)(di)貌侵蝕循環機理(li)的(de)(de)特性。規劃通(tong)過(guo)對現有(you)北(bei)部(bu)峽(xia)谷(gu)底部(bu)東岸游步道的(de)(de)修繕,新增一段峽(xia)谷(gu)西岸游步道,形成一條小(xiao)型(xing)環線,通(tong)過(guo)沿(yan)途地(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)科普標識牌、導游系(xi)統的(de)(de)配合,打造一條“中國中部(bu)地(di)(di)球(qiu)表層喀(ka)斯特地(di)(di)貌演變遺跡(ji)的(de)(de)戶(hu)外天然自然博物館”。同時還(huan)可結(jie)合云龍(long)河暗河、洞穴、絕壁等(deng)向北(bei)部(bu)延伸(shen)區域(yu)開展地(di)(di)縫(feng)科考探險、地(di)(di)縫(feng)穿越(yue)等(deng)為主題的(de)(de)小(xiao)眾(zhong)深度體驗旅游項目(mu)。在未來,結(jie)合恩施大(da)峽(xia)谷(gu)地(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)公園(yuan)的(de)(de)申報,可進行(xing)整體專項重(zhong)點(dian)建設。
景觀特色
順著云龍(long)河流淌的(de)方向,云龍(long)河地縫上(shang)游與(yu)板橋暗(an)河相連,下游一(yi)(yi)直通到清(qing)江,地處著名的(de)地質斷(duan)裂(lie)帶沐撫斷(duan)裂(lie)的(de)核(he)心區域(yu)。從(cong)遙感圖(tu)上(shang)可以看到一(yi)(yi)個(ge)有趣的(de)現象:這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)片斷(duan)裂(lie)呈現出一(yi)(yi)個(ge)凹陷的(de)心形(xing),而地縫又(you)從(cong)“心”上(shang)深切而過,給這(zhe)顆“陷落之心”又(you)添(tian)上(shang)了一(yi)(yi)道“傷痕”。