一.產品介紹
香菇(gu)是汝陽縣南部山(shan)區(qu)的特產(chan)。
香菇功效:
香(xiang)菇營(ying)養價值:每百克(ke)鮮香(xiang)菇中,含有(you)蛋白(bai)質(zhi)12—14克(ke),遠(yuan)(yuan)遠(yuan)(yuan)超過一般(ban)植物(wu)性(xing)食物(wu)的蛋白(bai)質(zhi)含量;含碳(tan)水化合物(wu)59.3克(ke),鈣124毫(hao)(hao)(hao)克(ke),磷415毫(hao)(hao)(hao)克(ke),鐵25.3毫(hao)(hao)(hao)克(ke);還(huan)含有(you)多糖類、維生素B1、維生素B2、維生素C等。干香(xiang)菇的水浸(jin)物(wu)中有(you)組氨(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)、丙氨(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)、苯丙氨(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)、亮氨(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)、纈氨(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)、天(tian)門(men)冬(dong)氨(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)及(ji)天(tian)門(men)冬(dong)素、乙酰胺、膽堿(jian)、腺嘌呤待成分。
藥用(yong)價值:近年來(lai),美國科學家發現香(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)中含有(you)一種(zhong)(zhong)“β-葡萄糖(tang)苷(gan)酶”,這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)物(wu)質有(you)明顯的加強機體抗(kang)(kang)癌的作(zuo)用(yong),所含香(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)多糖(tang)或香(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)水(shui)解(jie)提(ti)取物(wu)對癌有(you)高效抑(yi)制(zhi)作(zuo)用(yong),抑(yi)癌率達50%,因此,人們把香(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)稱為“抗(kang)(kang)癌新兵”。香(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)具有(you)調節人體新陳代謝、幫助(zhu)消化(hua)、降低血(xue)壓、減少膽固醇、預(yu)防(fang)肝硬變、消除(chu)膽結石、防(fang)治佝僂(lou)病等功效。
怎(zen)樣鑒別香(xiang)菇質量(liang)?
(1)看形狀:傘(san)柄肥厚,只大均勻、粗(cu)壯,反之(zhi)為次。
(2)看顏色:色澤黃褐(閩產為(wei)(wei)黑褐色),菌傘下有褶裥,緊(jin)密(mi)細白為(wei)(wei)優(you),反之(zhi)為(wei)(wei)次。
此(ci)外,在挑選(xuan)香(xiang)菇(gu)時,首(shou)先應先鑒(jian)別其(qi)香(xiang)味(wei)如何,可用手指壓住(zhu)菇(gu)傘,然(ran)后(hou)聞一聞,以香(xiang)味(wei)純正的為(wei)(wei)上品(pin)。傘背以呈黃色(se)(se)或白色(se)(se)為(wei)(wei)佳,呈茶褐(he)色(se)(se)或摻(chan)雜黑色(se)(se)則為(wei)(wei)次。
二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素
(1)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)地(di)(di)貌(mao)情(qing)(qing)況:包括土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)類型、pH值(zhi)、土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)肥力(li)狀況和(he)(he)地(di)(di)形地(di)(di)貌(mao)等典(dian)型特(te)征。 汝(ru)陽香菇主要(yao)分布在南部山區,屬秦嶺余脈(mo)、外方山區,土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)類型主要(yao)是褐(he)土(tu)(tu),其次是石(shi)質(zhi)土(tu)(tu)和(he)(he)粗骨(gu)土(tu)(tu),土(tu)(tu)層厚度(du)多(duo)數(shu)在80cm以上。PH值(zhi)6.1~7.2之間,有機質(zhi)含(han)量(liang)11.1~31.3g/kg,全氮含(han)量(liang)為0.54~2.75g/kg,有效磷含(han)量(liang)12.5~33.4g/kg,速效鉀含(han)量(liang)71~378mg/kg,富(fu)含(han)多(duo)種(zhong)微量(liang)元素,土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)相(xiang)對疏松。森林覆(fu)蓋率88%。環境(jing)優良,零工業(ye),無(wu)污(wu)染。海拔在1000-1600米。 (2)水(shui)文情(qing)(qing)況:包括水(shui)系、水(shui)源和(he)(he)水(shui)質(zhi)情(qing)(qing)況及影響因子。 保護區境(jing)內流域面積分屬黃、淮兩大流域,其中杜康河水(shui)質(zhi)優良,富(fu)含(han)人體所需的微量(liang)元素,其地(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)蘊(yun)藏豐富(fu),充足(zu)的水(shui)資源為汝(ru)陽甪(lu)里艾提供了(le)良好的灌溉(gai)。 (3)氣候情(qing)(qing)況:包括季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)風(feng)、溫(wen)(wen)度(du)、濕度(du)、日照(zhao)和(he)(he)降水(shui)等特(te)殊氣候因子。 汝(ru)陽縣地(di)(di)處東亞中緯(wei)度(du)地(di)(di)帶(dai),屬暖溫(wen)(wen)帶(dai)半濕潤季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)風(feng)區大陸性季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)風(feng)氣候 。其特(te)點:光照(zhao)充足(zu),氣候溫(wen)(wen)和(he)(he),四(si)季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)分明(ming)。年(nian)(nian)平均(jun)(jun)(jun)≧0℃積溫(wen)(wen)5181℃,年(nian)(nian)平均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣溫(wen)(wen)14.0℃,年(nian)(nian)平均(jun)(jun)(jun)降水(shui)量(liang)673.1mm,無(wu)霜期(qi)213天左(zuo)右;年(nian)(nian)平均(jun)(jun)(jun)日照(zhao)時(shi)數(shu)為2164小(xiao)時(shi)。冬季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)寒冷少雨雪,春季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)干旱多(duo)風(feng),夏季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)炎熱多(duo)雨,秋季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)天高氣爽(shuang),晝夜(ye)溫(wen)(wen)差大,有利于香菇有機物質(zhi)積累。
三.地域范圍
汝陽香(xiang)菇地域(yu)保護范圍為河南省洛(luo)陽市汝陽縣境內,涉及城關鎮(zhen)、上店(dian)鎮(zhen)、柏樹鄉、十八(ba)盤鄉、付店(dian)鎮(zhen)、靳村鄉、三(san)屯(tun)鎮(zhen)、劉店(dian)鎮(zhen)、王(wang)坪鄉共9個鄉鎮(zhen)129個行政(zheng)村。汝陽香(xiang)菇保護范圍地理坐標(biao)為東經112°8′—112 °38′,北緯33°49′—34°21′之間,生產(chan)規(gui)模(mo)1100公(gong)頃,年產(chan)量 3萬(wan)噸。
四.產品品質特性特征
(1)外在感(gan)(gan)(gan)官特(te)(te)征:是指通過人的感(gan)(gan)(gan)官(視覺、味覺、嗅(xiu)覺、觸覺等(deng))能夠感(gan)(gan)(gan)知、感(gan)(gan)(gan)受到的特(te)(te)殊品質及風味特(te)(te)征。 汝陽香菇菇形(xing)圓整、美(mei)觀,菇肉(rou)厚,自然花菇率高(gao)。鮮菇呈扁半球形(xing)稍(shao)平展(zhan)或(huo)傘形(xing),傘柄長度(du)小于或(huo)等(deng)于菌蓋直(zhi)徑(jing),顏色(se)分別(bie)為(wei)菌蓋淡(dan)褐色(se)至褐色(se)。菌褶乳白略帶(dai)淡(dan)黃色(se),菌肉(rou)致密、韌(ren)性好、潤爽(shuang),具有香菇特(te)(te)有的香味。 (2)內(nei)在品質特(te)(te)征:是指需(xu)要通過儀器(qi)檢(jian)測(ce)的可(ke)量化的獨特(te)(te)理化指標。
五.特定生產方式
(1)產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)選(xuan)擇與特殊內容規(gui)定 產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)必(bi)(bi)須(xu)符合《無公(gong)害(hai)(hai)食品(pin)(pin)食用(yong)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)條(tiao)件(NY/T2375-2013)》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求。 栽培時間(jian) 菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)袋制(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)當(dang)年(nian)(nian)12月(yue)至第二(er)年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)3月(yue)下(xia)旬,采(cai)(cai)摘期在(zai)(zai)(zai)9月(yue)-第二(er)年(nian)(nian)3月(yue)之間(jian)。 (2)品(pin)(pin)種選(xuan)擇與特定要(yao)求 汝(ru)(ru)陽(yang)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)選(xuan)用(yong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)育期適(shi)(shi)宜(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),抗(kang)逆性(xing)強、耐病(bing)性(xing)好、產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)高(gao)(gao)、品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)優(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)(pin)種939、9608為(wei)(wei)(wei)主。 (3)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)理(li),包括農業投入品(pin)(pin)方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特殊使用(yong)規(gui)定。 汝(ru)(ru)陽(yang)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)必(bi)(bi)須(xu)嚴格按照農業部發(fa)布的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《無公(gong)害(hai)(hai)食品(pin)(pin)食用(yong)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)技術規(gui)范(NY/T2375-2013)》操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),尤其(qi)要(yao)注重(zhong)(zhong)以下(xia)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)節。 A 培養(yang)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)制(zhi) 栓皮(pi)櫟、麻(ma)櫟、鋭齒(chi)槲櫟、槲櫟、青岡櫟等殼(ke)斗科樹材做雜木屑,以木屑77%、麩(fu)皮(pi)20%、石膏2%、糖1%配(pei)方配(pei)袋料(liao)基(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。 B 菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)場(chang)選(xuan)擇 出(chu)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)場(chang)地(di)應選(xuan)擇在(zai)(zai)(zai)地(di)勢平坦,水(shui)(shui)(shui)源充足、水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)良好、水(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)較(jiao)低、排(pai)灌方便(bian),周(zhou)(zhou)圍(wei)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),太(tai)陽(yang)光(guang)照時間(jian)短,晝夜溫(wen)(wen)差(cha)大(da),沒有(you)白(bai)蟻的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)塊,菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)棚高(gao)(gao)2.5米。 C 出(chu)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)期管(guan)理(li) 秋菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)管(guan)理(li)以培育厚菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)和中(zhong)檔(dang)花菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主。管(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi):適(shi)(shi)當(dang)疏(shu)蕾,要(yao)疏(shu)小(xiao)(xiao)留(liu)大(da),疏(shu)弱留(liu)壯(zhuang),達到稀密(mi)適(shi)(shi)中(zhong),培育厚菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)或(huo)(huo)花菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),白(bai)天(tian)揭(jie)膜(mo)通風、增光(guang),夜晚蓋膜(mo)防(fang)潮。 D 冬菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)管(guan)理(li)是(shi)(shi)培育花菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)利(li)時期,采(cai)(cai)取(qu)浸水(shui)(shui)(shui)與催(cui)蕾、蹲(dun)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)催(cui)花、間(jian)歇(xie)養(yang)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)等措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),培育出(chu)2-3茬優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)花菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。 (4)病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)防(fang)治 香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)也是(shi)(shi)影響汝(ru)(ru)陽(yang)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)因素,因此(ci),采(cai)(cai)取(qu)合適(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)去防(fang)治這些(xie)蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)是(shi)(shi)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。 A 環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)上(shang)防(fang)控:棚室內及(ji)周(zhou)(zhou)圍(wei)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)應保(bao)持干(gan)(gan)(gan)凈整潔,室內地(di)面要(yao)撒施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)石灰粉(fen)吸(xi)潮,并(bing)(bing)定期打殺蟲(chong)(chong)劑。菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)棚或(huo)(huo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)區(qu)盡(jin)量(liang)遠離飼(si)養(yang)場(chang)垃圾場(chang)等環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)較(jiao)差(cha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)方,以避免蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)播。 B 生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)節上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)控:原料(liao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)使用(yong)前要(yao)經(jing)過(guo)暴(bao)曬(shai)(shai)、發(fa)酵等處理(li)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。拌料(liao)時注意選(xuan)用(yong)潔凈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)源,在(zai)(zai)(zai)制(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)袋時要(yao)扎緊(jin)料(liao)袋口(kou),并(bing)(bing)徹底消毒(du)。 香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)病(bing)害(hai)(hai)防(fang)治以預防(fang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主,注意種植栽培場(chang)所的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),降(jiang)低環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)雜菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)數量(liang),嚴格控制(zhi)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)個(ge)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)節,盡(jin)量(liang)選(xuan)用(yong)健壯(zhuang)、高(gao)(gao)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)種,提高(gao)(gao)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)種抗(kang)雜菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)力,規(gui)范各(ge)種操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)流程(cheng)(cheng),避免在(zai)(zai)(zai)接種過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)遭遇污(wu)染,強化菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)種檢查,對(dui)被污(wu)染的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)袋應及(ji)時清理(li)。 (5)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)收(shou)(shou)獲及(ji)處理(li) A 采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)時期:汝(ru)(ru)陽(yang)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)長到七、八(ba)成(cheng)熟,即(ji)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)蓋邊緣(yuan)向(xiang)(xiang)內卷(juan) , 菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)膜(mo)剛破裂(lie)時,采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)最(zui)適(shi)(shi)宜(yi)。 B 香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)制(zhi)干(gan)(gan)(gan):是(shi)(shi)排(pai)除體內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)份,達到商品(pin)(pin)干(gan)(gan)(gan)燥的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du)(含(han)(han)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)13% ),以利(li)長期保(bao)存。其(qi)方法(fa): 曬(shai)(shai)干(gan)(gan)(gan):把(ba)鮮香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)蓋向(xiang)(xiang)上(shang),菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)柄(bing)向(xiang)(xiang)下(xia),一個(ge)個(ge)不(bu)(bu)重(zhong)(zhong)疊地(di)排(pai)列入簾上(shang),曬(shai)(shai)到體干(gan)(gan)(gan)時,倒過(guo)來再曬(shai)(shai),一般曬(shai)(shai)到三(san)天(tian)即(ji)可曬(shai)(shai)干(gan)(gan)(gan),曬(shai)(shai)干(gan)(gan)(gan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)維生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)素含(han)(han)量(liang)較(jiao)高(gao)(gao)。(建(jian)議(yi)刪除此(ci)段(duan),因為(wei)(wei)(wei)沒有(you)商品(pin)(pin)價值) 烘(hong)干(gan)(gan)(gan):按香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)大(da)小(xiao)(xiao)和干(gan)(gan)(gan)濕程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)(du),大(da)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)放上(shang)層,小(xiao)(xiao)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)放下(xia)層,菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)蓋向(xiang)(xiang)上(shang),菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)褶向(xiang)(xiang)下(xia),烘(hong)烤(kao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)從30℃開始,每(mei)小(xiao)(xiao)時提高(gao)(gao)1-2℃,升到60℃再降(jiang)溫(wen)(wen)到52~55℃,直(zhi)(zhi)至烘(hong)干(gan)(gan)(gan),烘(hong)出(chu)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)味濃,質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)好。注意事項:對(dui)于含(han)(han)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)較(jiao)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),如(ru)淋(lin)(lin)雨的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、氣溫(wen)(wen)偏高(gao)(gao)時期生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)等,要(yao)求在(zai)(zai)(zai)烘(hong)干(gan)(gan)(gan)初(chu)始階段(duan),適(shi)(shi)當(dang)延長在(zai)(zai)(zai)較(jiao)低溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)下(xia)保(bao)持的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時間(jian),之后,再進入正常(chang)烘(hong)干(gan)(gan)(gan)節奏,以確保(bao)商品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)。 C 級別的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)劃分(fen):將采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鮮菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)或(huo)(huo)制(zhi)干(gan)(gan)(gan)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)按菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)蓋直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)大(da)小(xiao)(xiao), 5-8cm 為(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)號;3-5cm 為(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)號; 2-3cm 為(wei)(wei)(wei)小(xiao)(xiao)號,菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)丁(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)蓋直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)在(zai)(zai)(zai)2cm 以下(xia),應分(fen)類(lei)存貯(zhu),便(bian)于銷售。 采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)應及(ji)時分(fen)類(lei)制(zhi)干(gan)(gan)(gan)密(mi)封(feng)入庫,不(bu)(bu)能(neng)雨淋(lin)(lin),不(bu)(bu)返潮,以保(bao)持其(qi)固有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)色澤(ze)、香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)味,不(bu)(bu)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)霉變。同時必(bi)(bi)須(xu)要(yao)求在(zai)(zai)(zai)干(gan)(gan)(gan)燥、潔凈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)件下(xia)進行分(fen)級、包裝(zhuang),銷售。 (6)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)記錄要(yao)求 汝(ru)(ru)陽(yang)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng),要(yao)建(jian)立生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)、投入品(pin)(pin)記錄檔(dang)案,專人負責(ze),全面記載每(mei)個(ge)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)節技術措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)并(bing)(bing)妥善(shan)保(bao)存,以備查閱。
六.包裝標識相關規定
(1)汝陽(yang)(yang)香菇的(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)經營(ying)者在(zai)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前須向登(deng)記(ji)(ji)證(zheng)書(shu)持(chi)有(you)人(ren)提交使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)申請書(shu)、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)經營(ying)者資質證(zheng)明(ming)、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)經營(ying)計劃(hua)和(he)相(xiang)應質量(liang)控制措施、規范使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)書(shu)面承諾以及(ji)其(qi)他(ta)必(bi)要的(de)(de)證(zheng)明(ming)文件和(he)材料(liao)。 (2)經審(shen)核符合標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)條件的(de)(de),汝陽(yang)(yang)香菇農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)證(zheng)書(shu)持(chi)有(you)人(ren)按照生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)經營(ying)年(nian)(nian)度(du)與標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)申請人(ren)簽訂(ding)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)協(xie)議,在(zai)協(xie)議中(zhong)載明(ming)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)數量(liang)、范圍(wei)(wei)及(ji)相(xiang)關責任義(yi)務。 (3)汝陽(yang)(yang)香菇農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)協(xie)議生(sheng)效后,標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)方可在(zai)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)或農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)包裝(zhuang)物上使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),并可以使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)登(deng)記(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)進行宣傳(chuan)和(he)參加展(zhan)覽、展(zhan)示及(ji)展(zhan)銷(xiao)活動。 (4)汝陽(yang)(yang)香菇農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)要建立農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)檔案(an),如實記(ji)(ji)載地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)情況,并接受登(deng)記(ji)(ji)證(zheng)書(shu)持(chi)有(you)人(ren)的(de)(de)監督。 (5)汝陽(yang)(yang)香菇農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)檔案(an)需保存五年(nian)(nian),產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)登(deng)記(ji)(ji)證(zheng)書(shu)持(chi)有(you)人(ren)和(he)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)不得(de)超范圍(wei)(wei)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)經登(deng)記(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),任何單位(wei)和(he)個人(ren)不得(de)冒用(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。