一.產品介紹
西瓜(學名:Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. et Nakai)一年生蔓生藤本(ben);莖(jing)、枝粗(cu)壯(zhuang),具(ju)(ju)明顯的(de)棱(leng)。卷須較粗(cu)壯(zhuang),具(ju)(ju)短(duan)柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao),葉柄粗(cu),密被柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao);葉片(pian)紙質(zhi),輪廓三角狀卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),帶白綠色,兩面具(ju)(ju)短(duan)硬毛(mao),葉片(pian)基(ji)部心形(xing)(xing)(xing)。雌雄同株。雌、雄花(hua)(hua)均單生于葉腋。雄花(hua)(hua)花(hua)(hua)梗長(chang)3-4厘米,密被黃褐(he)色長(chang)柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao);花(hua)(hua)萼筒寬鐘形(xing)(xing)(xing);花(hua)(hua)冠(guan)淡(dan)黃色;雄蕊近(jin)離生,花(hua)(hua)絲短(duan),藥(yao)室折曲。雌花(hua)(hua):花(hua)(hua)萼和花(hua)(hua)冠(guan)與雄花(hua)(hua)同;子(zi)房卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),柱(zhu)頭腎(shen)形(xing)(xing)(xing)。果(guo)實大(da)型,近(jin)于球形(xing)(xing)(xing)或橢圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),肉(rou)質(zhi),多汁,果(guo)皮光滑,色澤及(ji)紋飾各(ge)式。種子(zi)多數,卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),黑色、紅色,兩面平滑,基(ji)部鈍圓(yuan),通常邊緣稍拱起,花(hua)(hua)果(guo)期夏季。
中國各(ge)地栽(zai)培,品種(zhong)(zhong)甚多(duo),外果皮、果肉及種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)形式(shi)多(duo)樣,以(yi)新疆(jiang)、甘(gan)肅蘭(lan)州(zhou)、山東(dong)(dong)德(de)州(zhou)、江蘇(su)東(dong)(dong)臺等地最為有名。其原種(zhong)(zhong)可能來自非洲,久已廣(guang)泛栽(zai)培于世界(jie)熱帶(dai)到溫(wen)帶(dai),金、元時始傳入中國。
西瓜為夏季(ji)之水果,果肉味甜(tian),能降(jiang)溫去(qu)暑(shu);種子含油,可作消遣(qian)食品;果皮藥用,有清(qing)熱、利尿、降(jiang)血壓之效。
形態特征
一年生蔓生藤本;莖(jing)、枝粗(cu)(cu)壯,具(ju)明(ming)顯(xian)的棱溝(gou)(gou),被長(chang)而密的白色(se)(se)或(huo)淡(dan)黃褐色(se)(se)長(chang)柔(rou)毛(mao)。卷須較(jiao)粗(cu)(cu)壯,具(ju)短柔(rou)毛(mao),2歧,葉(xie)柄粗(cu)(cu),長(chang)3-12厘(li)(li)米,粗(cu)(cu)0.2-0.4厘(li)(li)米,具(ju)不明(ming)顯(xian)的溝(gou)(gou)紋,密被柔(rou)毛(mao);葉(xie)片紙質,輪廓三角狀卵形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),帶白綠(lv)色(se)(se),長(chang)8-20厘(li)(li)米,寬5-15厘(li)(li)米,兩面具(ju)短硬(ying)毛(mao),脈上和背(bei)面較(jiao)多(duo),3深裂(lie),中裂(lie)片較(jiao)長(chang),倒卵形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、長(chang)圓狀披(pi)針形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)披(pi)針形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),頂(ding)端急尖或(huo)漸尖,裂(lie)片又羽狀或(huo)二重羽狀淺(qian)裂(lie)或(huo)深裂(lie),邊(bian)緣波狀或(huo)有(you)疏齒,末次裂(lie)片通常有(you)少數淺(qian)鋸齒,先端鈍圓,葉(xie)片基部心形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),有(you)時形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成半圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的彎(wan)缺,彎(wan)缺寬1-2厘(li)(li)米,深0.5-0.8厘(li)(li)米。
雌(ci)雄(xiong)同株。雌(ci)、雄(xiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)均單生于葉(xie)腋。雄(xiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua):花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)梗長3-4厘米(mi),密(mi)被(bei)黃褐色(se)(se)長柔(rou)毛(mao);花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)萼(e)筒寬鐘形,密(mi)被(bei)長柔(rou)毛(mao),花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)萼(e)裂片狹披針(zhen)形,與花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)萼(e)筒近等長,長2-3毫米(mi);花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)冠(guan)(guan)淡黃色(se)(se),徑2.5-3厘米(mi),外面(mian)帶綠色(se)(se),被(bei)長柔(rou)毛(mao),裂片卵狀長圓形,長1-1.5厘米(mi),寬0.5-0.8厘米(mi),頂端鈍或(huo)稍尖,脈黃褐色(se)(se),被(bei)毛(mao);雄(xiong)蕊(rui)3,近離生,1枚(mei)1室(shi),2枚(mei)2室(shi),花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)絲短,藥室(shi)折曲。雌(ci)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua):花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)萼(e)和花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)冠(guan)(guan)與雄(xiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)同;子(zi)房卵形,長0.5-0.8厘米(mi),寬0.4厘米(mi),密(mi)被(bei)長柔(rou)毛(mao),花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)柱長4-5毫米(mi),柱頭3,腎形。
果(guo)實大型,近于球形或橢圓(yuan)形,肉質,多汁,果(guo)皮光滑,色(se)(se)澤及(ji)紋飾各式。種子多數,卵形,黑色(se)(se)、紅色(se)(se),有時為白色(se)(se)、黃色(se)(se)、淡(dan)綠色(se)(se)或有斑紋,兩面平滑,基部鈍圓(yuan),通常邊緣稍拱(gong)起,長(chang)1-1.5厘(li)米,寬0.5-0.8厘(li)米,厚1-2毫米,花(hua)果(guo)期(qi)夏季。
二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素
2.1 土(tu)壤(rang)地(di)(di)(di)貌情況(kuang)(kuang) 夏(xia)(xia)邑屬(shu)(shu)黃(huang)淮沖積(ji)(ji)平(ping)原,地(di)(di)(di)勢由(you)西北向東(dong)南(nan)微傾(qing),地(di)(di)(di)表平(ping)坦。土(tu)壤(rang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)潮土(tu)類(lei)沙質(zhi)壤(rang)土(tu),耕作層(ceng)(ceng)深(shen)(shen)厚,土(tu)壤(rang)ph7.8,土(tu)壤(rang)有(you)機質(zhi)含(han)量(liang)1.41%,全(quan)氮(dan)1.037克(ke)(ke)(ke)/千克(ke)(ke)(ke),速效(xiao)磷15.3毫克(ke)(ke)(ke)/千克(ke)(ke)(ke),速效(xiao)鉀131毫克(ke)(ke)(ke)/千克(ke)(ke)(ke)。土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)肥沃,土(tu)壤(rang)通透(tou)性(xing)好兩合土(tu)屬(shu)(shu)和(he)(he)淤土(tu)屬(shu)(shu)共占土(tu)壤(rang)總面積(ji)(ji)的(de)94%。無污染(ran)源(yuan),病蟲(chong)害(hai)少(shao),非常(chang)適(shi)合西瓜生長。 2.2 水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文情況(kuang)(kuang) 夏(xia)(xia)邑縣(xian)屬(shu)(shu)淮河(he)(he)流域,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)豐沛(pei),年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)(地(di)(di)(di)表水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)與地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui))總量(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)3.413億(yi)立方米(mi)(mi)。地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)是主要(yao)供水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)來源(yuan),具(ju)有(you)埋藏淺、增補(bu)快、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)好、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)適(shi)宜、開采容易(yi)等(deng)特點。地(di)(di)(di)表水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)來自(zi)(zi)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)(he)入境水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。百平(ping)方公(gong)(gong)里(li)以上流域面積(ji)(ji)的(de)虬龍(long)溝、巴(ba)清河(he)(he)、沱河(he)(he)、東(dong)沙河(he)(he)等(deng)14條河(he)(he)流自(zi)(zi)西向東(dong)橫穿全(quan)境,年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均入境水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)1億(yi)多(duo)立方米(mi)(mi)。根據(ju)調查分析,全(quan)縣(xian)大(da)部(bu)分地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)良(liang)好,淺層(ceng)(ceng)地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)礦(kuang)化(hua)度(du)小于(yu)2克(ke)(ke)(ke)/升的(de)好水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面積(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)2-3克(ke)(ke)(ke)/升的(de)中等(deng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面積(ji)(ji)分別為(wei)(wei)(wei)1033.8平(ping)方公(gong)(gong)里(li)和(he)(he)343.9平(ping)方公(gong)(gong)里(li),占全(quan)縣(xian)總面積(ji)(ji)的(de)93.5%。中層(ceng)(ceng)地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)大(da)部(bu)分為(wei)(wei)(wei)礦(kuang)化(hua)度(du)2克(ke)(ke)(ke)/升,深(shen)(shen)層(ceng)(ceng)地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)全(quan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)礦(kuang)化(hua)度(du)小于(yu)1.5克(ke)(ke)(ke)/升的(de)淡水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。地(di)(di)(di)表水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)較好,一般PH值6-9,溶(rong)解氧5.6-12.5毫克(ke)(ke)(ke)/升,生化(hua)耗氧量(liang)1.4-4.7毫克(ke)(ke)(ke)/升,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)富(fu)含(han)硒,地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)達到國家灌溉(gai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)標準。 2.3 氣(qi)(qi)候情況(kuang)(kuang) 夏(xia)(xia)邑地(di)(di)(di)處南(nan)北氣(qi)(qi)候過渡(du)帶(dai),屬(shu)(shu)暖溫(wen)帶(dai)半濕潤季(ji)風氣(qi)(qi)候區(qu),年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)14.1攝氏度(du)。全(quan)年(nian)(nian)光照(zhao)充足,冷(leng)暖適(shi)中,四季(ji)分明(ming),氣(qi)(qi)候溫(wen)和(he)(he),全(quan)年(nian)(nian)日(ri)照(zhao)時數2258.4h。常(chang)年(nian)(nian)無霜期為(wei)(wei)(wei)217d。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)785.2mm。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)14.6℃,7月平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)27.3℃,1月平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)0.4℃,設(she)施(shi)栽培中西瓜果實膨大(da)期的(de)四、五月份外(wai)界最高氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)37.5℃。種植西瓜的(de)環境條件十分優(you)越。
三.地域范圍
夏邑縣(xian)位(wei)于河(he)南(nan)省東(dong)部,隴海鐵路南(nan)側,東(dong)部和(he)南(nan)部與永城市(shi)為(wei)鄰(lin),西(xi)部和(he)北部與虞城縣(xian)接壤,西(xi)南(nan)部與安(an)(an)徽亳州市(shi)交界,東(dong)北部與安(an)(an)徽省碭(dang)山縣(xian)毗鄰(lin)。夏邑西(xi)瓜地域(yu)范圍東(dong)端(duan)自(zi)火店(dian)(dian)鄉(xiang)周莊(zhuang)村(cun),西(xi)端(duan)至(zhi)郭店(dian)(dian)鎮張廠(chang)村(cun);南(nan)端(duan)自(zi)岐(qi)河(he)鄉(xiang)吳張莊(zhuang)村(cun),北端(duan)至(zhi)王(wang)集(ji)鄉(xiang)草場村(cun)。地理坐(zuo)標(biao)位(wei)于北緯34°04′07″至(zhi) 34°21′20″,東(dong)經(jing)116°02′18″至(zhi)116°25′25″,區域(yu)面積43581公(gong)頃(qing),主要涉及(ji)王(wang)集(ji)鄉(xiang)、郭莊(zhuang)農(nong)貿區、劉店(dian)(dian)鄉(xiang)、太平鎮、火店(dian)(dian)鄉(xiang)、北嶺鎮、曹集(ji)鄉(xiang)、胡橋鄉(xiang)、孔莊(zhuang)鄉(xiang)、郭店(dian)(dian)鎮、會(hui)亭(ting)鎮、岐(qi)河(he)鄉(xiang),1個農(nong)貿區,11個鄉(xiang)鎮,373個行政村(cun)。目前夏邑西(xi)瓜種(zhong)植面積9666.7公(gong)頃(qing),總產55.5萬噸。
四.產品品質特性特征
4.1外在(zai)感官特征(zheng)(zheng):果(guo)形(xing)(xing)為球形(xing)(xing),發育正(zheng)常(chang),具(ju)有(you)(you)本(ben)品種應有(you)(you)的(de)特征(zheng)(zheng),不得有(you)(you)畸形(xing)(xing)。果(guo)皮為淺綠色,并(bing)有(you)(you)十幾條鋸齒(chi)狀墨綠色條紋(wen),果(guo)皮光滑,茸毛消(xiao)失,果(guo)皮無(wu)傷害。 4.2內在(zai)品質指標:瓤色為粉紅色,無(wu)白筋(jin),無(wu)僵塊。果(guo)實成熟,汁多味(wei)甘,肉質細(xi)嫩。單果(guo)重(zhong)4~8kg,含(han)可(ke)溶性固(gu)形(xing)(xing)物瓜(gua)瓤中心≥12.4%;瓜(gua)瓤邊緣(yuan)≥11.2%;可(ke)滴(di)定酸(suan)0.72g/kg;抗壞(huai)血酸(suan)8.44mg/kg。
五.特定生產方式
3.1 采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取適(shi)(shi)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)當地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)環境與(yu)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)特點的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)拱(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)結構(gou)。通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)三棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)四膜(mo)(mo)多(duo)(duo)(duo)層(ceng)(ceng)覆(fu)(fu)蓋(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai),采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)長(chang)30-50米(mi)、寬6米(mi)、高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)2.0米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)竹(zhu)桿或鋼管(guan)(guan)結構(gou)拱(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng),每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)畝定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)630-650株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。該拱(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)透光(guang)(guang)率(lv)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao),升溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)快,抗風(feng)雪災害(hai)(hai)(hai)能(neng)力(li)較強,投入(ru)(ru)(ru)成(cheng)本較低(di)(di)(di)(di),建(jian)(jian)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)挪棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)操作(zuo)(zuo)方(fang)便,且(qie)能(neng)達(da)到(dao)(dao)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)“立春”定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)、4月(yue)下(xia)(xia)(xia)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)上(shang)市的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)效(xiao)果(guo)(guo)。每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)畝建(jian)(jian)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(骨架(jia)、塑(su)料膜(mo)(mo)、用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)工)投入(ru)(ru)(ru)3500元(yuan)左右(you),但年(nian)(nian)純畝收(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)(ru)達(da)6000多(duo)(duo)(duo)元(yuan),利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)周期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)2-3年(nian)(nian)。 3.2 為(wei)保證(zheng)(zheng)早(zao)(zao)佳(jia)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)特點,選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)了(le)自根(gen)(gen)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)。夏邑縣設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)早(zao)(zao)佳(jia)(84-24)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)普遍采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)自根(gen)(gen)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei),與(yu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取嫁(jia)(jia)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)相(xiang)比,由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)顯著縮短定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)緩(huan)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian),可(ke)(ke)(ke)提(ti)(ti)早(zao)(zao)上(shang)市7-10天(tian)(tian)(tian),并保留了(le)早(zao)(zao)佳(jia)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)固(gu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)口(kou)感風(feng)味,在(zai)(zai)市場具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)較強競爭力(li)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)年(nian)(nian)份比嫁(jia)(jia)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市場售價每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)公(gong)斤(jin)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)0.5-0.6元(yuan)。在(zai)(zai)相(xiang)同(tong)(tong)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)條(tiao)(tiao)件下(xia)(xia)(xia),育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)成(cheng)本比嫁(jia)(jia)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)減(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)70%以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)。 3.3 設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)嫁(jia)(jia)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)輪(lun)(lun)茬(cha)(cha)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)解(jie)(jie)決重(zhong)茬(cha)(cha)問題(ti)。全(quan)(quan)縣設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)早(zao)(zao)佳(jia)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)普遍推(tui)(tui)(tui)廣(guang)(guang)了(le)連續種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)2年(nian)(nian)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),大(da)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)搬家更換地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)塊(kuai),同(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei),既減(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)了(le)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),又(you)減(jian)輕(qing)了(le)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),利(li)(li)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)實(shi)(shi)現優(you)(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)無公(gong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)。 3.4 目(mu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),外(wai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)多(duo)(duo)(duo)數(shu)(shu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)區均采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)嫁(jia)(jia)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)克服設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)重(zhong)茬(cha)(cha)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)枯(ku)萎(wei)病(bing)(bing)等(deng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)傳病(bing)(bing)害(hai)(hai)(hai)帶來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)死苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)、減(jian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)等(deng)難題(ti)。夏邑縣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)僅(jin)重(zhong)視(shi)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)優(you)(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)—早(zao)(zao)佳(jia)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua),而且(qie)集(ji)成(cheng)先(xian)(xian)進(jin)(jin)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu),采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)標準化(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)。 3.4.1 品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze) 通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)近(jin)幾(ji)年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)對(dui)比試(shi)驗,篩選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)出(chu)(chu)(chu)適(shi)(shi)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)拱(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)且(qie)綜合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)性(xing)狀表(biao)現較好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)早(zao)(zao)佳(jia)(84-24)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。該品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)口(kou)感好(hao),果(guo)(guo)皮薄(bo),纖維(wei)少(shao)(shao)(shao),果(guo)(guo)肉(rou)酥脆,甜度(du)(du)(du)(du)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao),果(guo)(guo)型(xing)美觀、瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)色鮮亮(liang)。目(mu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian),該品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)占拱(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)面(mian)(mian)積90%以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)。 3.4.2 選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)建(jian)(jian)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng) 選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)勢平(ping)(ping)(ping)坦(tan)、排灌(guan)(guan)方(fang)便、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)深(shen)厚,產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)環境條(tiao)(tiao)件符合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)NY/T 5010-2016無公(gong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)環境條(tiao)(tiao)件,3年(nian)(nian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)未種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)類(lei)作(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沙壤(rang)(rang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)塊(kuai)建(jian)(jian)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng),灌(guan)(guan)溉水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)要(yao)符合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)GB5084-2005 農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)田(tian)灌(guan)(guan)溉水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標準要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)體(ti)跨(kua)度(du)(du)(du)(du)6m,長(chang)30-40m,棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)1.8m。采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)無立柱鋼架(jia),堅固(gu)耐用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),安(an)卸(xie)方(fang)便,遮(zhe)陰少(shao)(shao)(shao),便于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)戶種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)(mian)積1.5-2hm2,早(zao)(zao)春種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)早(zao)(zao)佳(jia)(84-24)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua),秋茬(cha)(cha)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)辣椒。2年(nian)(nian)更換一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)塊(kuai),結合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)微生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)肥(fei)(fei)(fei),可(ke)(ke)(ke)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)解(jie)(jie)決連作(zuo)(zuo)帶來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)茬(cha)(cha)障(zhang)礙,病(bing)(bing)害(hai)(hai)(hai)少(shao)(shao)(shao),利(li)(li)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)無公(gong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)優(you)(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)。同(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取“自根(gen)(gen)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)”種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi),品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)優(you)(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)“換根(gen)(gen)嫁(jia)(jia)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)”西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua),保持了(le)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)固(gu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)口(kou)感風(feng)味。 3.4.3 整(zheng)(zheng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei) 定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)1個月(yue)結合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)整(zheng)(zheng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)入(ru)(ru)(ru)基肥(fei)(fei)(fei),每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)667m2施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)優(you)(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)腐熟(shu)糞肥(fei)(fei)(fei)2000Kg-3000Kg,或商品(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)100Kg,三元(yuan)素(su)(su)(15-15-15)硫酸(suan)鉀(jia)復(fu)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)50Kg-75Kg,肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料與(yu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)混勻(yun)整(zheng)(zheng)平(ping)(ping)(ping),而后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)加蓋(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)膜(mo)(mo),利(li)(li)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)貯溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)。土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)整(zheng)(zheng)平(ping)(ping)(ping)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)留一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)淺溝作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)人(ren)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)道(dao),把(ba)畦(qi)(qi)面(mian)(mian)分(fen)成(cheng)兩(liang)部分(fen),各寬2.5m-3m。栽(zai)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)噴(pen)(pen)灑異丙甲草(cao)胺封(feng)閉型(xing)除(chu)(chu)(chu)草(cao)劑(ji)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)除(chu)(chu)(chu)雜(za)草(cao)。在(zai)(zai)距棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)兩(liang)邊60cm-70cm處(chu)各鋪(pu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)條(tiao)(tiao)微噴(pen)(pen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan),用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)膜(mo)(mo)下(xia)(xia)(xia)澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)。而后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),加蓋(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)兩(liang)幅0.004mm-0.008mm厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)膜(mo)(mo)把(ba)畦(qi)(qi)面(mian)(mian)全(quan)(quan)覆(fu)(fu)蓋(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai),利(li)(li)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)保墑和(he)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)。 3.4.4 培(pei)(pei)(pei)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)壯(zhuang)(zhuang)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao) 3.4.4.1育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)。適(shi)(shi)宜(yi)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)為(wei)1月(yue)上(shang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)(xun),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)分(fen)2-3批進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)下(xia)(xia)(xia)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。第(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)批在(zai)(zai)元(yuan)月(yue)5-10日,間(jian)(jian)(jian)隔5-7天(tian)(tian)(tian)分(fen)別播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)第(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)、三批種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)。 3.4.4.2 育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)、運苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)方(fang)便的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)拱(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)畦(qi)(qi)寬度(du)(du)(du)(du)1.3m左右(you),長(chang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)比大(da)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)短4-6m。畦(qi)(qi)面(mian)(mian)低(di)(di)(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)平(ping)(ping)(ping)5cm-8cm,鋪(pu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)舊(jiu)塑(su)膜(mo)(mo)利(li)(li)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen),然后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)鋪(pu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)熱(re)(re)線(xian)(xian)(xian),每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)米(mi)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)床需要(yao)電功率(lv)100w,用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)1000w的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電熱(re)(re)線(xian)(xian)(xian),布(bu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)間(jian)(jian)(jian)距8-9cm,苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)床中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)稀些,兩(liang)邊稍密,注(zhu)意電熱(re)(re)線(xian)(xian)(xian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得剪斷,布(bu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)交(jiao)叉、不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)重(zhong)疊,具(ju)體(ti)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)方(fang)法見說明書。采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)穴盤(pan)(pan)(pan)+基質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)器具(ju),穴盤(pan)(pan)(pan)大(da)小為(wei)54cm *28cm,每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)盤(pan)(pan)(pan)50穴。把(ba)裝入(ru)(ru)(ru)基質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穴盤(pan)(pan)(pan)整(zheng)(zheng)齊地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)排放(fang)在(zai)(zai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)熱(re)(re)線(xian)(xian)(xian)上(shang),種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)上(shang)覆(fu)(fu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)膜(mo)(mo),加設(she)(she)(she)2-3層(ceng)(ceng)小拱(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng),而后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)電加熱(re)(re),小拱(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)上(shang)邊夜(ye)(ye)(ye)里蓋(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)1-2層(ceng)(ceng)毛(mao)氈。 3.4.4.3 浸種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)催(cui)(cui)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)。先(xian)(xian)將種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)浸入(ru)(ru)(ru)55℃溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)斷攪(jiao)拌至水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)降(jiang)到(dao)(dao)30℃,保持此溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)再浸泡12小時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),然后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)搓(cuo)洗(xi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi),瀝(li)干水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)分(fen),種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)毛(mao)巾包好(hao)在(zai)(zai)28-30℃條(tiao)(tiao)件下(xia)(xia)(xia)催(cui)(cui)芽(ya)(ya)(ya),約(yue)24小時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)挑出(chu)(chu)(chu)露(lu)白(bai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),未露(lu)白(bai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)繼續催(cui)(cui)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)。 3.4.4.4 播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)1天(tian)(tian)(tian),用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)噴(pen)(pen)透育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)基質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),把(ba)催(cui)(cui)出(chu)(chu)(chu)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)放(fang)在(zai)(zai)基質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian),深(shen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)2cm左右(you),每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)穴一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)粒種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)芽(ya)(ya)(ya),播后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)覆(fu)(fu)蓋(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)基質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)1.5cm-2cm厚,再蓋(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)薄(bo)膜(mo)(mo)、拱(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)等(deng)保溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),四周封(feng)嚴保溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen),而后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)通(tong)(tong)(tong)電源加熱(re)(re)。特別提(ti)(ti)醒:種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)-出(chu)(chu)(chu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)預(yu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)鼠害(hai)(hai)(hai),可(ke)(ke)(ke)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)溴敵隆毒餌撒放(fang)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)床周圍,同(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)注(zhu)意人(ren)畜安(an)全(quan)(quan)。 3.4.4.5 苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)。播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)到(dao)(dao)出(chu)(chu)(chu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),氣溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)控(kong)制在(zai)(zai)30-35℃,地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)在(zai)(zai)20-25℃。出(chu)(chu)(chu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)到(dao)(dao)真葉展開(kai)(kai)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),白(bai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)20-25℃,夜(ye)(ye)(ye)間(jian)(jian)(jian)15-18℃,真葉生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)白(bai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)25-28℃,夜(ye)(ye)(ye)間(jian)(jian)(jian)18-20℃,保持穴盤(pan)(pan)(pan)基質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)潮(chao)濕(shi)(shi)(shi),如(ru)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)缺(que)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)澆(jiao)。適(shi)(shi)當通(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng),同(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)盡量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)增加光(guang)(guang)照(zhao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)。定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)7天(tian)(tian)(tian)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)低(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)煉(lian)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)抗逆性(xing),逐漸通(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)降(jiang)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen),白(bai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)保持在(zai)(zai)22-25℃,夜(ye)(ye)(ye)間(jian)(jian)(jian)在(zai)(zai)13-15℃。 3.4.5 適(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)移(yi)栽(zai) 2月(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)(xun),拱(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)內(nei)(nei)日平(ping)(ping)(ping)均氣溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)在(zai)(zai)15℃以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang),棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)外(wai)氣溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)5℃時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)開(kai)(kai)始定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)雙蔓(man)整(zheng)(zheng)枝(zhi)方(fang)式(shi),行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)距2.5m-3.0m,株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)距0.35m-0.40m,每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)667m2定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)600-650株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)2-3天(tian)(tian)(tian)給苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)床澆(jiao)透水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)應在(zai)(zai)晴(qing)天(tian)(tian)(tian)9:00-15:00時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),沿澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)附近(jin)按(an)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)距要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)打(da)孔(kong),孔(kong)徑8cm-10cm,深(shen)6cm-8cm,輕(qing)輕(qing)將苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)從(cong)穴盤(pan)(pan)(pan)取出(chu)(chu)(chu),并保持根(gen)(gen)坨完(wan)整(zheng)(zheng)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)到(dao)(dao)孔(kong)內(nei)(nei),用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)細(xi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)封(feng)好(hao)。全(quan)(quan)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)栽(zai)完(wan)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),沿定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)插高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)60cm,跨(kua)120cm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小拱(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng),扣上(shang)薄(bo)膜(mo)(mo),并及時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)澆(jiao)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。 3.4.6 田(tian)間(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li) 3.4.6.1溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)。定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)5天(tian)(tian)(tian)為(wei)緩(huan)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng),白(bai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)保持在(zai)(zai)28-35℃,夜(ye)(ye)(ye)間(jian)(jian)(jian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)低(di)(di)(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)13℃,10cm地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)維(wei)持在(zai)(zai)15℃以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)。緩(huan)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)到(dao)(dao)坐(zuo)果(guo)(guo)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),適(shi)(shi)當通(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng),白(bai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)保持在(zai)(zai)25-35℃,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)超過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)40℃,夜(ye)(ye)(ye)間(jian)(jian)(jian)保持在(zai)(zai)20℃左右(you),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)低(di)(di)(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)12℃。開(kai)(kai)花(hua)坐(zuo)果(guo)(guo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)內(nei)(nei)夜(ye)(ye)(ye)間(jian)(jian)(jian)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)低(di)(di)(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)15℃。果(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)開(kai)(kai)始膨(peng)大(da)到(dao)(dao)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou),白(bai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)控(kong)制在(zai)(zai)30-35℃,夜(ye)(ye)(ye)間(jian)(jian)(jian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)低(di)(di)(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)15℃,保持晝夜(ye)(ye)(ye)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)差10-15℃。通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、通(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)等(deng)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)調控(kong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)內(nei)(nei)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)、空氣相(xiang)對(dui)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)保持在(zai)(zai)55-65%,土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)相(xiang)對(dui)含水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)幼(you)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)至伸(shen)蔓(man)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)60%-70%,開(kai)(kai)花(hua)坐(zuo)果(guo)(guo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)65%,膨(peng)果(guo)(guo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)75%。 3.4.6.2 水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li) 推(tui)(tui)(tui)廣(guang)(guang)配方(fang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)等(deng)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)新技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)。在(zai)(zai)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)早(zao)(zao)佳(jia)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大(da)力(li)推(tui)(tui)(tui)廣(guang)(guang)測土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)配方(fang)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)體(ti)化(hua)(hua)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)劑(ji)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)、滴灌(guan)(guan)方(fang)式(shi)優(you)(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)全(quan)(quan)溶肥(fei)(fei)(fei)追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)、葉面(mian)(mian)噴(pen)(pen)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)五(wu)項先(xian)(xian)進(jin)(jin)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu),改(gai)良土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang),提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)含量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),優(you)(you)(you)化(hua)(hua)根(gen)(gen)際生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)環境,降(jiang)低(di)(di)(di)(di)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)傳病(bing)(bing)害(hai)(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),促(cu)進(jin)(jin)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)健壯(zhuang)(zhuang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang),保障(zhang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)優(you)(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。 目(mu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)全(quan)(quan)部采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取微噴(pen)(pen)管(guan)(guan)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)膜(mo)(mo)下(xia)(xia)(xia)澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)追肥(fei)(fei)(fei),即“水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)體(ti)化(hua)(hua)”節(jie)(jie)(jie)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)節(jie)(jie)(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu),把(ba)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)和(he)澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)結合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)起來(lai),使(shi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)根(gen)(gen)區土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)保持最佳(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、肥(fei)(fei)(fei)含量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),減(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)裂瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua),提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、肥(fei)(fei)(fei)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)率(lv),減(jian)輕(qing)病(bing)(bing)害(hai)(hai)(hai)發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),達(da)到(dao)(dao)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)優(you)(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。 ①澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)控(kong)制澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),緩(huan)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)少(shao)(shao)(shao)澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen),促(cu)進(jin)(jin)根(gen)(gen)系下(xia)(xia)(xia)扎(zha),緩(huan)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)澆(jiao)1次(ci)(ci)伸(shen)蔓(man)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。開(kai)(kai)花(hua)坐(zuo)果(guo)(guo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)止旺長(chang)。膨(peng)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)澆(jiao)2次(ci)(ci)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),第(di)(di)(di)(di)1次(ci)(ci)澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)在(zai)(zai)果(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)直(zhi)徑4cm-5cm時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),第(di)(di)(di)(di)2次(ci)(ci)在(zai)(zai)果(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)直(zhi)徑10cm-15cm時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)7-10天(tian)(tian)(tian)停止澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。 ②追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)。開(kai)(kai)花(hua)坐(zuo)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)根(gen)(gen)據瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)秧生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)情況(kuang),葉面(mian)(mian)噴(pen)(pen)2次(ci)(ci)0.3%磷酸(suan)二(er)氫鉀(jia)溶液(ye)(ye),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)坐(zuo)果(guo)(guo)率(lv)。坐(zuo)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)結合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)追肥(fei)(fei)(fei),幼(you)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)雞(ji)蛋大(da)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)第(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)膨(peng)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei),按(an)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)畝用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)全(quan)(quan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溶三元(yuan)素(su)(su)復(fu)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)10kg、硫酸(suan)鉀(jia)5kg,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)7-10天(tian)(tian)(tian)追1次(ci)(ci),用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)同(tong)(tong)第(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)。同(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)葉面(mian)(mian)噴(pen)(pen)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)0.3%磷酸(suan)二(er)氫鉀(jia)溶液(ye)(ye)1-2次(ci)(ci)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)7-10天(tian)(tian)(tian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。 ③整(zheng)(zheng)枝(zhi)留瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua) 采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)主(zhu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)側雙蔓(man)整(zheng)(zheng)枝(zhi)法,保留主(zhu)蔓(man),當側蔓(man)長(chang)到(dao)(dao)20cm,從(cong)第(di)(di)(di)(di)3-5節(jie)(jie)(jie)位(wei)(wei)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)留1條(tiao)(tiao)健壯(zhuang)(zhuang)側蔓(man),其(qi)余全(quan)(quan)部去掉(diao),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)主(zhu)、側蔓(man)上(shang)長(chang)出(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)側蔓(man)及時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)摘除(chu)(chu)(chu)。西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)膨(peng)大(da)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),頂部再伸(shen)出(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)側蔓(man)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)遮(zhe)光(guang)(guang)原(yuan)則決定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)摘除(chu)(chu)(chu)。選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)主(zhu)蔓(man)第(di)(di)(di)(di)2-3朵雌(ci)花(hua)坐(zuo)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua),每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)留1個瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua),如(ru)未坐(zuo)住,可(ke)(ke)(ke)在(zai)(zai)側蔓(man)第(di)(di)(di)(di)2朵雌(ci)花(hua)坐(zuo)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)。 3.4.6.3坐(zuo)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)、選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua) 為(wei)促(cu)進(jin)(jin)坐(zuo)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua),目(mu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)多(duo)(duo)(duo)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)工授(shou)粉或激素(su)(su)處(chu)理(li)(li)兩(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)法。 ①人(ren)工授(shou)粉。開(kai)(kai)花(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)3月(yue)下(xia)(xia)(xia)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)到(dao)(dao)4月(yue)上(shang)旬(xun)(xun)(xun),正值(zhi)低(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)季節(jie)(jie)(jie),棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)內(nei)(nei)昆蟲(chong)(chong)很(hen)少(shao)(shao)(shao),必(bi)須人(ren)工授(shou)粉。每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)6:00-10:00時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)段(duan)內(nei)(nei),當雄花(hua)和(he)雌(ci)花(hua)開(kai)(kai)放(fang)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),從(cong)田(tian)間(jian)(jian)(jian)摘取雄花(hua),去掉(diao)花(hua)瓣,露(lu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)花(hua)蕊,將花(hua)蕊對(dui)準雌(ci)花(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)柱頭輕(qing)輕(qing)均勻(yun)涂抹。 ②激素(su)(su)處(chu)理(li)(li)。前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)雄花(hua)較少(shao)(shao)(shao),為(wei)促(cu)進(jin)(jin)坐(zuo)果(guo)(guo)常用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)激素(su)(su)處(chu)理(li)(li)。方(fang)法是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi):在(zai)(zai)雌(ci)花(hua)開(kai)(kai)放(fang)當天(tian)(tian)(tian)或前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)上(shang)午7-10點或下(xia)(xia)(xia)午3-6點用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)小噴(pen)(pen)壺(hu)將藥(yao)液(ye)(ye)均勻(yun)噴(pen)(pen)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)胎一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)。氣溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)低(di)(di)(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)18℃,每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)5毫(hao)升兌水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)0.75千(qian)克;18-24℃,每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)5毫(hao)升兌水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)0.75-1千(qian)克。激素(su)(su)處(chu)理(li)(li)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)重(zhong)復(fu)或過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)裂瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)。 為(wei)準確(que)判(pan)斷西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)成(cheng)熟(shu)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),在(zai)(zai)坐(zuo)果(guo)(guo)部位(wei)(wei)附近(jin)明顯位(wei)(wei)置,擺(bai)放(fang)寫明坐(zuo)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)日期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小牌子(zi)。 3.4.7 病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)綜合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 在(zai)(zai)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)綠色防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)控(kong)。堅持農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、物(wu)(wu)理(li)(li)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)藥(yao)劑(ji)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)相(xiang)結合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)。普遍采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)黃(huang)板誘(you)殺(sha)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)、煙霧(wu)(wu)劑(ji)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu),做到(dao)(dao)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蟲(chong)(chong)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)病(bing)(bing)相(xiang)結合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he),實(shi)(shi)現綠色無公(gong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)。 主(zhu)要(yao)病(bing)(bing)害(hai)(hai)(hai)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)猝倒病(bing)(bing)、枯(ku)萎(wei)病(bing)(bing)、炭疽(ju)病(bing)(bing)、蔓(man)枯(ku)病(bing)(bing)和(he)病(bing)(bing)毒病(bing)(bing);害(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)蚜蟲(chong)(chong)、螨類(lei)、斜(xie)紋(wen)夜(ye)(ye)(ye)蛾。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)做好(hao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),培(pei)(pei)(pei)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)壯(zhuang)(zhuang)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),及時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)清除(chu)(chu)(chu)病(bing)(bing)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)雜(za)草(cao)。加強田(tian)間(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li),合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。推(tui)(tui)(tui)廣(guang)(guang)輪(lun)(lun)作(zuo)(zuo)換茬(cha)(cha),要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)2年(nian)(nian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)輪(lun)(lun)作(zuo)(zuo),進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)更換地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)塊(kuai),減(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)連作(zuo)(zuo)障(zhang)礙。二(er)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)理(li)(li)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),推(tui)(tui)(tui)廣(guang)(guang)黃(huang)板誘(you)蟲(chong)(chong),銀(yin)灰色地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)膜(mo)(mo)驅蟲(chong)(chong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)。三是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),增施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)肥(fei)(fei)(fei),優(you)(you)(you)化(hua)(hua)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)環境。四是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)化(hua)(hua)學防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。猝倒病(bing)(bing)在(zai)(zai)發病(bing)(bing)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)72.2%霜霉(mei)威500倍(bei)液(ye)(ye)噴(pen)(pen)霧(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。枯(ku)萎(wei)病(bing)(bing)在(zai)(zai)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)畝可(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)50%多(duo)(duo)(duo)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)靈(ling)(ling)2kg,細(xi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)80kg混勻(yun),施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)入(ru)(ru)(ru)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)穴,發病(bing)(bing)初期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)50%多(duo)(duo)(duo)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)靈(ling)(ling)500倍(bei)液(ye)(ye)灌(guan)(guan)根(gen)(gen)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci),每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)灌(guan)(guan)藥(yao)液(ye)(ye)250ml。炭疽(ju)病(bing)(bing)、蔓(man)枯(ku)病(bing)(bing)可(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)10%苯醚甲環唑(zuo)1500倍(bei)液(ye)(ye)。病(bing)(bing)毒病(bing)(bing)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)關鍵是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)及時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蚜蟲(chong)(chong),發現病(bing)(bing)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)及時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)拔除(chu)(chu)(chu);蚜蟲(chong)(chong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)10%吡蟲(chong)(chong)啉,紅蜘(zhi)蛛(zhu)螨類(lei)可(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)5%噠螨靈(ling)(ling),斜(xie)紋(wen)夜(ye)(ye)(ye)蛾可(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)15%安(an)打(da),按(an)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)倍(bei)數(shu)(shu)噴(pen)(pen)霧(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。 3.4.8 適(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou) 早(zao)(zao)佳(jia)(84-24)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)坐(zuo)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)35天(tian)(tian)(tian)左右(you)達(da)到(dao)(dao)成(cheng)熟(shu),可(ke)(ke)(ke)根(gen)(gen)據運輸遠近(jin)距離確(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)早(zao)(zao)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)晚,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)免(mian)影響品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),要(yao)帶一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)段(duan)果(guo)(guo)柄同(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)輕(qing)拿輕(qing)放(fang),裝入(ru)(ru)(ru)專用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)紙箱,利(li)(li)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)保鮮。 3.4.9 生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)記錄 為(wei)保證(zheng)(zheng)夏邑西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),在(zai)(zai)整(zheng)(zheng)個生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),夏邑縣西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)協會(hui)制定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)并執行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)了(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)系列生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)規(gui)范,各企(qi)業(ye)要(yao)設(she)(she)(she)專人(ren)做好(hao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)記錄:生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)點、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)耕作(zuo)(zuo),施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)名稱、方(fang)式(shi)、時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)名稱、方(fang)式(shi)、時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)收(shou)(shou)(shou)獲(huo)、倉儲、銷售等(deng)項目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)日期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、方(fang)式(shi)、數(shu)(shu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)等(deng)。通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)控(kong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制度(du)(du)(du)(du)、人(ren)員有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)責任、技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)規(gui)程(cheng)、用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)臺(tai)賬(zhang)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)記錄、售前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)檢測、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)證(zheng)(zheng)明、信息有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)查詢“八有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)”質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)控(kong)制措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),保證(zheng)(zheng)了(le)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)優(you)(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。
六.包裝標識相關規定
包裝(zhuang)主要(yao)采取(qu)紙箱(xiang)。用于產(chan)品包裝(zhuang)的(de)紙箱(xiang)應整潔、干燥、牢固(gu)、透(tou)氣、無(wu)污染、無(wu)異味、內(nei)(nei)壁無(wu)尖突物,紙箱(xiang)無(wu)潮濕、離層(ceng)現象,包裝(zhuang)符合國家強(qiang)制性標準。產(chan)品有明(ming)確標簽,內(nei)(nei)容包括:產(chan)品名稱、商標、產(chan)品執行(xing)標準、生產(chan)者和詳(xiang)細地址、包裝(zhuang)日期(qi),要(yao)求字跡(ji)清晰、完(wan)整、準確。