流域概況
地形地貌
發源地黃花(hua)嶺:在(zai)柞水縣(xian)北老林鄉(xiang)境內,其嶺多產黃花(hua)草故名。海(hai)拔2328米,為柞水與寧陜之(zhi)界。黃花(hua)嶺緊臨牛背(bei)梁:在(zai)柞水縣(xian)北老林鄉(xiang)境內,海(hai)拔2802.1米。為柞水、商洛最高峰。因山形(xing)似牛背(bei)而得名。山上有(you)羚牛、大小熊貓(mao)等國(guo)家保(bao)(bao)護(hu)動物。清代(dai)常有(you)虎(hu)出現(xian)。為國(guo)家級(ji)自然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區。
發源(yuan)地(di)(di)的(de)高(gao)山區(qu)沿(yan)秦嶺(ling)主(zhu)脊海拔1500米(mi)以(yi)上(shang),面(mian)積201平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里,占(zhan)全(quan)縣總面(mian)積的(de)8.62%,相(xiang)對(dui)高(gao)差(cha)為(wei)1300米(mi)。是(shi)(shi)乾佑、金井(jing)、社(she)川及沙(sha)洛(luo)河(he)水(shui)源(yuan)源(yuan)頭,生長著各種林木。由于重巒疊嶂(zhang),溝(gou)深(shen)谷狹,切(qie)割程度大,加之(zhi)溫度低(di),降水(shui)多,日照不足,無(wu)霜期短,農作物(wu)生長遲緩。海拔1900米(mi)已達到農作物(wu)生長的(de)上(shang)限(xian)。中山區(qu)的(de)峽(xia)谷地(di)(di)帶(dai),較大河(he)溝(gou)間有河(he)谷階(jie)地(di)(di),山坡坡度較緩,坡腳土層深(shen)厚(hou),氣(qi)候溫和,雨量充沛,宜農作物(wu)生長。乾佑、金井(jing)、社(she)川三條河(he)流中下(xia)游沿(yan)岸的(de)坡塬階(jie)地(di)(di)及低(di)山丘陵地(di)(di),面(mian)積523平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里,占(zhan)全(quan)縣總面(mian)積的(de)22.43%,相(xiang)對(dui)高(gao)差(cha)為(wei)200米(mi)左右。乾佑河(he)在(zai)藥王(wang)堂以(yi)下(xia),社(she)川河(he)在(zai)黃金李(li)砭以(yi)下(xia),金井(jing)河(he)在(zai)肖臺以(yi)下(xia),是(shi)(shi)河(he)谷較寬(kuan)闊的(de)地(di)(di)帶(dai),具有亞熱帶(dai)氣(qi)候特征,是(shi)(shi)柞水(shui)主(zhu)要產(chan)糧區(qu),宜栽培油桐、棕櫚、芭蕉等亞熱帶(dai)植(zhi)物(wu)。
旬(xun)陽縣河段,在(zai)南羊(yang)山(shan)中山(shan)區(qu)(qu),包(bao)括旬(xun)陽北部(bu)南羊(yang)山(shan)山(shan)地海(hai)(hai)拔800米(mi)以上(shang)地區(qu)(qu),包(bao)括羊(yang)山(shan)、圣(sheng)駕、落駕、楓樹鄉(xiang)的(de)(de)全(quan)部(bu),小嶺、公館、三岔河、張坪(ping)鄉(xiang)的(de)(de)大部(bu),共跨越20個(ge)鄉(xiang)、120個(ge)行政村(cun)和兩(liang)個(ge)國(guo)營(ying)林場(chang),總(zong)面(mian)積677.6平方公里(li)。其中海(hai)(hai)拔1800米(mi)以上(shang)的(de)(de)高山(shan)約占(zhan)總(zong)面(mian)積的(de)(de)13%。西段地勢高峻,冷(leng)水(shui)河下切(qie)急劇(ju),形成了(le)深切(qie)割的(de)(de)“V”形峽谷,切(qie)割深度1000—1200米(mi),坡(po)(po)度多(duo)在(zai)35—45度以上(shang)。在(zai)石灰巖(yan)山(shan)坡(po)(po)上(shang)有(you)(you)許多(duo)溶(rong)洞、溶(rong)溝(gou)、石芽峰林。山(shan)頂有(you)(you)巖(yan)溶(rong)洼地、巖(yan)溶(rong)丘陵、漏斗、落水(shui)洞、盲谷等,有(you)(you)面(mian)積10多(duo)平方公里(li)的(de)(de)巖(yan)溶(rong)地貌集中分布區(qu)(qu)。本區(qu)(qu)海(hai)(hai)拔1350米(mi)以上(shang)的(de)(de)山(shan)坡(po)(po),多(duo)為(wei)天然林木覆蓋,為(wei)旬(xun)陽主要林區(qu)(qu)之(zhi)一,耕(geng)墾破壞嚴重,墾殖(zhi)率為(wei)60%,坡(po)(po)面(mian)的(de)(de)流水(shui)侵蝕也顯見加(jia)劇(ju)。
沿岸集鎮
柞水縣營(ying)盤鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),地處秦嶺南麓(lu),位于商(shang)洛西(xi)(xi)部,柞水西(xi)(xi)北部,西(xi)(xi)與安康市(shi)(shi)(shi)寧陜(shan)縣相接,北于古都西(xi)(xi)安相鄰,歷史上曾以軍事戰略地位屯(tun)兵守營(ying)而得名,清乾隆年(nian)間設置(zhi)相當(dang)于縣制的(de)(de)(de)孝義廳(ting)而名留史冊,境內的(de)(de)(de)古西(xi)(xi)康之路成為連接湖(hu)廣的(de)(de)(de)天然(ran)(ran)紐帶(dai),素有(you)“終南首邑”、“秦楚咽喉”之稱,全鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)轄9個(ge)行政(zheng)村,35個(ge)村民小(xiao)組。營(ying)盤是(shi)(shi)商(shang)洛市(shi)(shi)(shi)委、市(shi)(shi)(shi)政(zheng)府確定重點建設的(de)(de)(de)商(shang)洛門(men)戶(hu)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),是(shi)(shi)柞水建設新農村“一鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)六小(xiao)區”示范鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),是(shi)(shi)乾佑河(he)百(bai)里(li)生態(tai)景觀(guan)帶(dai)的(de)(de)(de)起點鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)。營(ying)盤具有(you)獨特的(de)(de)(de)區位優(you)勢(shi)和(he)豐富的(de)(de)(de)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)資(zi)源(yuan)優(you)勢(shi)。商(shang)洛市(shi)(shi)(shi)最高點所在地,牛背(bei)梁(liang)主(zhu)峰2802米,是(shi)(shi)商(shang)洛市(shi)(shi)(shi)國家級自(zi)然(ran)(ran)保護區;陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)南水北調(diao)工程所在地——引(yin)乾濟石。
柞(zuo)水(shui)縣(xian)(xian)城,在乾(qian)(qian)佑(you)(you)鎮(zhen),位于柞(zuo)水(shui)縣(xian)(xian)境西(xi)南部,縣(xian)(xian)城及(ji)其(qi)周(zhou)圍(wei),原為(wei)(wei)城關(guan)公社,1984年根據古(gu)乾(qian)(qian)佑(you)(you)縣(xian)(xian)、乾(qian)(qian)佑(you)(you)巡檢司,改為(wei)(wei)乾(qian)(qian)佑(you)(you)鎮(zhen),由縣(xian)(xian)直轄。面(mian)積(ji)44.4平方公里,中共(gong)柞(zuo)水(shui)縣(xian)(xian)乾(qian)(qian)佑(you)(you)鎮(zhen)黨委和鎮(zhen)政(zheng)府駐地在柞(zuo)水(shui)縣(xian)(xian)城北關(guan)。乾(qian)(qian)佑(you)(you)河由北向南貫穿鎮(zhen)境。有(you)干(gan)線(xian)公路北通西(xi)安,南抵鎮(zhen)安、安康(kang)、漢中,東達(da)商州、山陽。境內界牌灣以北地區自秦嬴政(zheng)二十(shi)六(liu)年(前221)至(zhi)清乾(qian)(qian)隆四十(shi)七年。
下(xia)(xia)梁(liang)鎮,在(zai)柞水(shui)(shui)(shui)縣境(jing)(jing)西南,因境(jing)(jing)內有(you)下(xia)(xia)梁(liang)街而得名(ming)。面積(ji)77.5平方公(gong)里。中共柞水(shui)(shui)(shui)縣下(xia)(xia)梁(liang)黨委和政(zheng)府駐地在(zai)沙坪行(xing)政(zheng)村,距柞水(shui)(shui)(shui)縣城5公(gong)里。下(xia)(xia)梁(liang)鄉以農業為主(zhu),有(you)耕地4104畝(mu)。主(zhu)要作(zuo)物有(you)小(xiao)麥、玉(yu)米、雜糧。盛產(chan)核(he)桃(tao)、板(ban)(ban)栗(li)。唐代(dai)作(zuo)為貢品的大板(ban)(ban)栗(li)產(chan)于沙坪。明清兩代(dai)曾引乾(qian)(qian)佑(you)河水(shui)(shui)(shui)灌溉,今(jin)有(you)明珠渠可灌田1000多(duo)畝(mu),并可發電。赤水(shui)(shui)(shui)溝、花園溝、陳家溝有(you)磁鐵(tie)礦,茨溝有(you)黃鐵(tie)礦,乾(qian)(qian)佑(you)河沿線有(you)淘金(jin)歷史。西安(an)至鎮安(an)、柞水(shui)(shui)(shui)至商(shang)州的干線公(gong)路均由境(jing)(jing)內經過。夜珠坪為安(an)業、乾(qian)(qian)元、乾(qian)(qian)佑(you)縣城所(suo)在(zai)地。下(xia)(xia)梁(liang)在(zai)民國以前歸(gui)鎮安(an)縣管(guan)轄(xia),1950年劃歸(gui)柞水(shui)(shui)(shui)縣。境(jing)(jing)內有(you)窟窿巖(yan)(又名(ming)出龍巖(yan))、楊(yang)八姐曬裙嶺等名(ming)勝古跡。
石(shi)甕(weng)(weng)(weng)鎮(zhen)(zhen),位于柞(zuo)水縣(xian)境西(xi)(xi)南。古時境內有(you)(you)(you)(you)一石(shi)甕(weng)(weng)(weng),《鎮(zhen)(zhen)安(an)(an)縣(xian)志》有(you)(you)(you)(you)“石(shi)甕(weng)(weng)(weng)傳(chuan)聲”之(zhi)載。1958年取名石(shi)坪公社,1984年改(gai)為(wei)石(shi)甕(weng)(weng)(weng)鄉(xiang)。東鄰本(ben)區(qu)(qu)杜家村鄉(xiang),南鄰鎮(zhen)(zhen)安(an)(an)回(hui)龍鄉(xiang),西(xi)(xi)北(bei)鄰本(ben)區(qu)(qu)下梁鄉(xiang)。面積(ji)52.5平方(fang)公里(li),中共柞(zuo)水縣(xian)石(shi)甕(weng)(weng)(weng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)黨委和政(zheng)府駐石(shi)甕(weng)(weng)(weng)子,距柞(zuo)水縣(xian)城(cheng)20公里(li)。以農業為(wei)主(zhu),主(zhu)要(yao)作物有(you)(you)(you)(you)玉米、小麥、洋(yang)芋、雜糧(liang)。西(xi)(xi)安(an)(an)至鎮(zhen)(zhen)安(an)(an)的(de)干(gan)線公路由(you)境內通過。馬(ma)蹄灣有(you)(you)(you)(you)鏡鐵礦,西(xi)(xi)干(gan)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)、銀(yin)洞(dong)(dong)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)西(xi)(xi)坡(po)(po)、龍洞(dong)(dong)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)、北(bei)坡(po)(po)、陳(chen)家溝(gou)(gou)(gou)有(you)(you)(you)(you)銅礦,馬(ma)鞍(an)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)、東干(gan)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)有(you)(you)(you)(you)重晶石(shi)。石(shi)甕(weng)(weng)(weng)周圍(wei)的(de)地貌(mao)為(wei)巖溶(rong)地貌(mao),亦稱喀斯特地貌(mao)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)大小溶(rong)洞(dong)(dong)100多個(ge),主(zhu)要(yao)有(you)(you)(you)(you)佛(fo)爺、百神(shen)、天(tian)洞(dong)(dong)、風洞(dong)(dong)和金鈴(ling)、玉霞、探奇(qi)、云(yun)霧等(deng)洞(dong)(dong)。洞(dong)(dong)內鐘乳、石(shi)筍千姿(zi)百態,各具風采。1985年已正(zheng)式開放佛(fo)爺洞(dong)(dong)和天(tian)洞(dong)(dong),省(sheng)內外游(you)人絡繹不絕。境內還有(you)(you)(you)(you)天(tian)書山、對峰臺、馬(ma)鞍(an)嶺等(deng)名勝。西(xi)(xi)干(gan)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)還有(you)(you)(you)(you)“疑是銀(yin)河落九天(tian)”的(de)瀑(pu)布(bu)和極為(wei)稀少的(de)蛇行樹。東干(gan)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)有(you)(you)(you)(you)兩棵冠幅直(zhi)徑(jing)在(zai)30米以上,高40多米、直(zhi)徑(jing)1.5米的(de)銀(yin)杏樹。石(shi)甕(weng)(weng)(weng)在(zai)民國以前歸(gui)鎮(zhen)(zhen)安(an)(an)管(guan)轄,1950年劃歸(gui)柞(zuo)水。
鎮安(an)(an)縣城(cheng)(cheng),在永(yong)樂鎮謝家灣(wan),位于鎮安(an)(an)縣中部,北靠驪珠(zhu)山,南側瀕(bin)臨乾佑河支流(liu)縣河,乾佑河在縣城(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)部經(jing)過。明天(tian)順七年(1463)二(er)月遷建。縣城(cheng)(cheng)經(jing)過明代和清代前(qian)期的擴建,居(ju)民不斷(duan)增加,尤(you)以東(dong)關和南關人煙稠(chou)密,街市(shi)繁榮。但因南關、西關一帶常(chang)遭水患,直至道(dao)光二(er)十二(er)年(1842)在城(cheng)(cheng)西南的三官(guan)廟(miao)前(qian)筑堤(di)后,水患稍(shao)息。咸(xian)豐、同治(zhi)年間,戰(zhan)亂迭(die)起,加之護城(cheng)(cheng)專款被官(guan)方挪(nuo)用,河堤(di)再未修筑,每逢雨季(ji)常(chang)遭水患,居(ju)民日稀,大商(shang)號(hao)漸少(shao),市(shi)面冷落(luo)。是(shi)鎮安(an)(an)縣的政治(zhi)、經(jing)濟(ji)、文化、交通中心。
青銅(tong)關(guan)(guan),位(wei)于鎮(zhen)(zhen)安縣(xian)城南(nan)33公里(li),為青銅(tong)關(guan)(guan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)駐地。相(xiang)傳清代時,街鎮(zhen)(zhen)住戶(hu)房(fang)上多為青藤(teng)(teng)纏繞,一片蔥(cong)郁,曾名(ming)青藤(teng)(teng)關(guan)(guan),后毀于火。乾佑(you)河臨街,明、清時可航運(yun)。有驛路,水(shui)(shui)旱兩便。二、五、八日逢(feng)集,曾為大(da)(da)商號據點,以販(fan)運(yun)土特產為主。1937年后,航道因被(bei)洪水(shui)(shui)沖毀和水(shui)(shui)量逐年減少(shao),水(shui)(shui)運(yun)中(zhong)斷(duan)。這里(li)為古(gu)西(安)康(kang)(安康(kang))大(da)(da)道之關(guan)(guan)隘,有古(gu)戰場遺(yi)跡和青銅(tong)關(guan)(guan)隘,鎮(zhen)(zhen)旬公路過境。雖有集市,少(shao)商貿流通。
回(hui)龍鎮,集鎮在(zai)回(hui)龍寺,位于鎮安縣縣北熊(xiong)里(li)溝(gou)口,距縣城15公里(li),乾佑(you)河東岸。屬回(hui)龍鄉轄。因河西有(you)(you)座山形似龍,龍首(shou)入(ru)乾佑(you)河,河水(shui)迂回(hui),故名(ming)。亦因梓橋溝(gou)長(chang)有(you)(you)檀(tan)樹圪塔(ta),又名(ming)圪塔(ta)寺。縣屬鎮安二(er)臺子金(jin)(jin)礦(kuang)、棗園電站(zhan)在(zai)此。鎮柞公路(lu)傍街而過。此處古今均為(wei)礦(kuang)區,有(you)(you)金(jin)(jin)、銅(tong)、重(zhong)晶石(shi)、石(shi)棉(mian)等礦(kuang)帶。新中國建立(li)后,金(jin)(jin)、銅(tong)礦(kuang)區不斷擴大,產值(zhi)逐年增長(chang)。
小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)河(he)(he)(he)鎮,乾(qian)佑(you)河(he)(he)(he)沿(yan)岸(an)最后一(yi)鎮,地(di)處(chu)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)陽縣城(cheng)以北(bei)鎮旬(xun)(xun)(xun)公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)48公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)處(chu),東與公(gong)(gong)(gong)館(guan)鄉、乾(qian)佑(you)河(he)(he)(he)中(zhong)下游旬(xun)(xun)(xun)陽縣小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)河(he)(he)(he)鎮南與趙(zhao)灣鎮相(xiang)連,西(xi)與桐(tong)(tong)木(mu)鄉、仁河(he)(he)(he)口鄉接壤,北(bei)臨鎮安縣,素有旬(xun)(xun)(xun)陽“北(bei)大(da)門”之稱。該鎮于一(yi)九九六年十月五(wu)日(ri)撒區并鄉時建(jian)鎮,由(you)原小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)河(he)(he)(he)區小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)河(he)(he)(he)口鄉和康坪(ping)鄉合并而成,全(quan)鎮總面(mian)積(ji)160平方公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)。鎮政府所在(zai)地(di)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)河(he)(he)(he)集(ji)鎮地(di)處(chu)乾(qian)佑(you)河(he)(he)(he)與公(gong)(gong)(gong)館(guan)河(he)(he)(he)、102省道(dao)與旬(xun)(xun)(xun)陽北(bei)環(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)交匯(hui)處(chu),集(ji)鎮內交通(tong)、電力(li)(li)、通(tong)訊(xun),供水等設(she)施(shi)齊全(quan),聚集(ji)能力(li)(li)較強;橫跨乾(qian)佑(you)河(he)(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)北(bei)環(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)大(da)橋和老街鋼(gang)架橋將小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)河(he)(he)(he)集(ji)鎮連為一(yi)體(ti)。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)河(he)(he)(he)集(ji)鎮不僅是公(gong)(gong)(gong)館(guan)鄉、桐(tong)(tong)木(mu)鄉、仁河(he)(he)(he)口鄉的(de)(de)(de)(de)經濟(ji)貿易、農(nong)副產(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)(de)集(ji)散地(di),更(geng)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)是全(quan)鎮人民政治、經濟(ji)、文化(hua)中(zhong)心,還是十堰、安康、白河(he)(he)(he)、旬(xun)(xun)(xun)陽通(tong)往西(xi)安的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要通(tong)道(dao)和重(zhong)要驛(yi)站(zhan)。
名勝古跡
柞水舊(jiu)縣關孝義廳城遺(yi)址:位于今柞水縣城,西臨乾佑河,東枕后寨山。建于清嘉(jia)慶七年(1802)。全城面積23410平方米(mi)(mi),城墻為磚砌,周長(chang)1252.25米(mi)(mi),根深3.33米(mi)(mi),高3.93米(mi)(mi),底寬3.33米(mi)(mi),頂寬3米(mi)(mi),垛口寬1.85米(mi)(mi),有110個炮臺座。全城有四門,東曰(yue)迎春,西曰(yue)靜波,北(bei)曰(yue)拱(gong)極,南曰(yue)寧遠,南外城門曰(yue)靖南,北(bei)外城門曰(yue)望閥。現東北(bei)兩面部分城墻和(he)東門樓猶存。
藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)王曬藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)臺:位于藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)王鄉(xiang)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)王堂(tang)行政村乾佑河西面的山上,面積為(wei)(wei)120平方米。《孝義廳(ting)志(zhi)》載:“曬藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)臺為(wei)(wei)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)王曬藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)處。”附近還有藏藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)洞(dong)、淘(tao)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)井(jing),均為(wei)(wei)孫(sun)思邈(miao)在此(ci)所用(yong)。后(hou)人將(jiang)此(ci)地取名藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)王堂(tang)并建藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)王廟祀之(zhi)。現藏藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)洞(dong)、曬藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)臺猶存。
舊縣雄(xiong)關(guan):亦名乾(qian)佑關(guan)。在今柞水縣城(cheng)南紅石崖處。因西臨乾(qian)佑河,山勢(shi)陡峻險要(yao),有一夫當關(guan),萬夫莫開之勢(shi),唐至清末一直為兵家(jia)據守之地(di)。宋代曾派副都統在此鎮守。現西安(an)至鎮安(an)的公(gong)路由雄(xiong)關(guan)下通(tong)過。
對(dui)峰臺:位于石(shi)甕鄉西(xi)干溝口,毗鄰佛(fo)爺、百神(shen)二洞。在一(yi)座高約1000米的峭壁上(shang)(shang)(shang),二峰突起(qi),巍然相峙。下為乾佑河(he),波濤翻滾(gun)。唐貞觀十九年(nian)(645),玄奘(zhuang)由印(yin)度取經(jing)(jing)回國(guo)后(hou)(hou),譯經(jing)(jing)、論(lun)75部(bu)(bu),1335卷。顯慶五(wu)年(nian)(660),高宗(zong)李治倡建(jian)(jian)塔、寺(si)(si),開鑿(zao)石(shi)窟。宋代靜楠(nan)法(fa)師著《三藏經(jing)(jing)觀·寺(si)(si)廟(miao)》載:“唐天(tian)授二年(nian)(691),長(chang)安高僧(seng)天(tian)海(hai)越終南至永寧(ning)堡(今(jin)(jin)夜珠坪(ping)),聚僧(seng)徒(tu)誦經(jing)(jing)。時有老庵寺(si)(si)僧(seng)徒(tu)提及縣(xian)(xian)境寺(si)(si)廟(miao)頗(po)少(shao)。天(tian)海(hai)游(you)歷一(yi)日,主建(jian)(jian)寺(si)(si)廟(miao)于對(dui)峰臺上(shang)(shang)(shang)。”僧(seng)徒(tu)力捐(juan)工料,建(jian)(jian)佛(fo)寺(si)(si)一(yi)間,工速(su)藝(yi)巧,并塑(su)釋(shi)迦像一(yi)尊。天(tian)海(hai)高僧(seng)觀其(qi)寺(si)(si)小巧玲瓏(long),興題楹聯一(yi)首,親書于堂(tang)柱上(shang)(shang)(shang)。上(shang)(shang)(shang)聯曰:“此山(shan)就是(shi)普(pu)陀(tuo)山(shan)何必遠道求神(shen)仙”,下聯曰:“只要凡名心(xin)向(xiang)(xiang)善(shan)回心(xin)轉(zhuan)意就是(shi)仙”。佛(fo)寺(si)(si)建(jian)(jian)成后(hou)(hou),僧(seng)徒(tu)又捐(juan)資鑿(zao)修(xiu)盤山(shan)小道。后(hou)(hou)香客不(bu)絕,游(you)人日增。唐萬歲通(tong)天(tian)元年(nian)(696),今(jin)(jin)柞水東南大部(bu)(bu)和(he)今(jin)(jin)鎮(zhen)(zhen)安縣(xian)(xian)全境置安業縣(xian)(xian),縣(xian)(xian)城設(she)永寧(ning)堡(夜珠坪(ping)),對(dui)峰臺為官(guan)宦、鎮(zhen)(zhen)軍游(you)覽(lan)、觀光和(he)拜佛(fo)盛(sheng)地(di)。金大定(ding)二十三年(nian)(1183)對(dui)峰臺佛(fo)寺(si)(si)毀于戰(zhan)火之中。明萬歷年(nian)間鎮(zhen)(zhen)安縣(xian)(xian)令武安敕令在對(dui)峰臺建(jian)(jian)祖師殿三間。溶洞旅游(you)區(qu)開發后(hou)(hou),于1992年(nian)始建(jian)(jian)觀音堂(tang),1993年(nian)7月23日,舉行了落成剪彩儀(yi)式,后(hou)(hou)即向(xiang)(xiang)游(you)人開放。
馬(ma)(ma)鞍(an)(an)嶺:位(wei)于石甕(weng)鄉西(xi)干溝(gou)(gou)行政村第(di)四自然村。因一(yi)(yi)山形似馬(ma)(ma)鞍(an)(an)而得名。在馬(ma)(ma)鞍(an)(an)嶺的后下部(bu),有(you)一(yi)(yi)噴(pen)泉(quan)(quan),噴(pen)水(shui)丈許。下有(you)一(yi)(yi)潭,深5米,水(shui)清見底。相傳,南宋時期,金(jin)人(ren)(ren)入據,在當地(di)燒殺搶擄,無惡不作,人(ren)(ren)民(min)被迫以西(xi)干溝(gou)(gou)為(wei)營,飽飲馬(ma)(ma)鞍(an)(an)泉(quan)(quan)水(shui),操(cao)練武藝,個個驍勇過人(ren)(ren),金(jin)兵屢戰屢敗(bai)。金(jin)將(jiang)聞知(zhi)當地(di)人(ren)(ren)民(min)的驍勇系(xi)飲馬(ma)(ma)鞍(an)(an)泉(quan)(quan)水(shui)之故,在一(yi)(yi)個夜深人(ren)(ren)靜(jing)的晚上(shang),率精兵20余人(ren)(ren),竄(cuan)至(zhi)馬(ma)(ma)鞍(an)(an)泉(quan)(quan)抽(chou)刀斬水(shui),遭到(dao)當地(di)人(ren)(ren)民(min)的伏擊,只留金(jin)將(jiang)一(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)生還。金(jin)將(jiang)回至(zhi)軍帳,以酒(jiu)澆(jiao)愁,但當他想起夜間的慘敗(bai)情景時,拔刀自刎(wen)而死。當時有(you)人(ren)(ren)為(wei)金(jin)將(jiang)作了(le)一(yi)(yi)個幅對聯(lian),上(shang)聯(lian)為(wei)“抽(chou)刀斬水(shui)水(shui)更流”,下聯(lian)是“借(jie)酒(jiu)澆(jiao)愁愁更愁”。馬(ma)(ma)鞍(an)(an)嶺附(fu)近還有(you)瀑(pu)布和奇異樹木——蛇行樹。[17]
云臺(tai)山(shan)(shan):在縣境柞水縣石甕(weng)鎮東干溝,南臨鎮安,海(hai)拔1897米。因(yin)山(shan)(shan)頂時(shi)有云霧層迭為(wei)臺(tai)而(er)得名(ming)。開發有柞水云臺(tai)山(shan)(shan)風(feng)景名(ming)勝區。[6] 山(shan)(shan)勢(shi)高峻(jun),不(bu)論春夏(xia)秋冬(dong)云霧繚繞(rao),狀(zhuang)極神秘。清咸豐四年(1854)九(jiu)月,當(dang)地名(ming)醫羅(luo)(luo)時(shi)義(yi)與(yu)世長辭(ci)。人民為(wei)紀念他(ta)一生為(wei)民治(zhi)病不(bu)辭(ci)勞苦(ku)的功德,根據他(ta)生前遺(yi)言(yan),安葬于云臺(tai)山(shan)(shan)上,并建(jian)祖師(shi)殿(dian)、戲樓(lou)(lou)。現廟殿(dian)、戲樓(lou)(lou)俱在,羅(luo)(luo)祖師(shi)塑像亦(yi)保存完(wan)整。
柞(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)水(shui)溶(rong)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)地質(zhi)(zhi)公(gong)(gong)園,位(wei)于秦(qin)嶺南(nan)麓的(de)柞(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)水(shui)縣石甕鎮,距西(xi)安79公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)。這(zhe)里(li)(li)靈(ling)山(shan)合攏,秀(xiu)水(shui)環(huan)繞,氣候宜人,風(feng)(feng)光(guang)秀(xiu)麗。詭麗幽深的(de)118個(ge)溶(rong)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)勾勒出(chu)無(wu)山(shan)不洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、無(wu)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)不奇的(de)美妙境界(jie)。是一孔由地球外動力(li)地質(zhi)(zhi)作用(yong)雕塑出(chu)的(de)自然(ran)珍品陳列館,被(bei)譽為(wei)(wei)“地質(zhi)(zhi)奇觀(guan)”、“中國(guo)(guo)名(ming)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)”。柞(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)水(shui)溶(rong)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)風(feng)(feng)景(jing)(jing)區包括佛爺洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、風(feng)(feng)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、百神洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、天(tian)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、云霧洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)等百余個(ge)溶(rong)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。是陜(shan)(shan)西(xi)省(sheng)一處以溶(rong)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)和自然(ran)景(jing)(jing)觀(guan)為(wei)(wei)主的(de)旅(lv)游(you)區。1990年(nian)被(bei)省(sheng)政府(fu)授予“陜(shan)(shan)西(xi)省(sheng)風(feng)(feng)景(jing)(jing)名(ming)勝(sheng)區”,1999年(nian)又被(bei)坪為(wei)(wei)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)名(ming)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),2008年(nian)被(bei)評為(wei)(wei)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)“AAA”景(jing)(jing)區,2009年(nian)柞(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)水(shui)溶(rong)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)景(jing)(jing)區被(bei)省(sheng)公(gong)(gong)安廳(ting)、旅(lv)游(you)局命名(ming)為(wei)(wei)“省(sheng)級平(ping)安景(jing)(jing)區”,2011年(nian)被(bei)國(guo)(guo)土資源部命名(ming)為(wei)(wei)“國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)地質(zhi)(zhi)公(gong)(gong)園”2013年(nian)柞(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)水(shui)溶(rong)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)景(jing)(jing)區創國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)4A級旅(lv)游(you)景(jing)(jing)區通過省(sheng)級初驗,并正式上報國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)旅(lv)游(you)局申請(qing)驗收(shou)評定。唐宋以來,文人雅士游(you)山(shan)玩水(shui),對(dui)終(zhong)南(nan)石甕情有獨鐘,留(liu)下了許多千(qian)古(gu)傳誦的(de)勝(sheng)跡。1994年(nian)6月11日,商洛籍著名(ming)作家(jia)(jia)賈平(ping)凹游(you)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)題詩:“臉前(qian)鳥鳴樹(shu),身后蝶戀花。有乳(ru)欲(yu)哺誰,無(wu)戲幕不拉。臥筍(sun)思七賢,敲壁想伯牙。歸來日暮里(li)(li),柴門吃(chi)糍粑。”
水利概況
乾佑河(he)航道。乾佑河(he)由(you)下茅(mao)坪流入旬陽境內(nei),經小河(he)口到兩(liang)河(he)關匯入旬河(he),長16公里,可通行5噸(dun)左右的小木船(chuan)。1972年后,這段貨運已(yi)由(you)鎮旬公路所替代。
乾佑河流域的下梁、界牌灣、盈豐三個水電站,共裝機800千瓦,有發電機6臺,常水期出力540千瓦。引(yin)(yin)(yin)乾濟石調(diao)(diao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),是(shi)西(xi)安城區規劃的六大(da)(da)(da)供水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源之一,陜西(xi)省第一個南(nan)(nan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)北調(diao)(diao)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)主要包括引(yin)(yin)(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)樞紐、引(yin)(yin)(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)明(ming)渠(qu)、沉沙池、引(yin)(yin)(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)隧(sui)洞、壓(ya)力管道、倒(dao)虹、匯流(liu)池及秦嶺(ling)輸(shu)(shu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)隧(sui)洞等,全程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為無壓(ya)自(zi)流(liu)輸(shu)(shu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。通過三座低壩及三條引(yin)(yin)(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)支渠(qu),將乾佑河(he)上游3條支流(liu)老林(lin)河(he)、太峪河(he)、龍(long)潭河(he)的水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)引(yin)(yin)(yin)至匯流(liu)池,通過18.04公(gong)里長秦嶺(ling)輸(shu)(shu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)隧(sui)洞調(diao)(diao)入(ru)到(dao)石砭峪水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫。經水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫調(diao)(diao)蓄后,成為西(xi)安城市的供水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源。工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總投(tou)資2.01億元(yuan),最(zui)大(da)(da)(da)引(yin)(yin)(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)流(liu)量(liang)為8立方米(mi)/秒,在流(liu)量(liang)小(xiao)于0.3立方米(mi)/秒時(shi)不引(yin)(yin)(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),每年(nian)可向西(xi)安城區調(diao)(diao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)4943萬立方米(mi)。工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)從(cong)2003年(nian)11月(yue)30日開工(gong)(gong)建設,建設施(shi)工(gong)(gong)單位和(he)廣(guang)大(da)(da)(da)建設者日夜奮(fen)戰(zhan),2004年(nian)12月(yue)26日打通秦嶺(ling)輸(shu)(shu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)隧(sui)洞,2005年(nian)7月(yue)主體工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)完工(gong)(gong)并試通水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)成功。引(yin)(yin)(yin)乾濟石調(diao)(diao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)我省第一個南(nan)(nan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)北調(diao)(diao)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),它(ta)將長江水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)和(he)黃河(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)連通,秦嶺(ling)輸(shu)(shu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)隧(sui)道是(shi)省內最(zui)長的水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利隧(sui)道。